Nanofluid Flow Research Articles

Unsteady chemically reactive Maxwell nanofluid flow through a porous elastic surface with Cattaneo–Christov model

Unsteady chemically reactive Maxwell nanofluid flow through a porous elastic surface with Cattaneo–Christov model

Insight into the magnetohydrodynamic flow of CNT-based nanofluid through a horizontal porous channel: Nanoparticle passive control

This work aims to investigate the CNT-based nanofluid flow in a rotating horizontal channel. The fluid is considered to be thermally radiative, and Hall effect is expected to be dominant in the fluid flow. The Darcy-Forchheimer model is used to describe the flow of a porous material. The usual approach of transformation converts the nonlinear partial differential equations (PDEs) into a reduced set of ordinary differential equations (ODEs). To solve the created model, the MATLAB bvp4c procedure is used. The effects on temperature, speed and volume percentage of nanotubes of the key flow parameters are clearly indicated by the graphs. Energy strength, and surface drag force are also calculated and summarized. The result shows that both primary and secondary fluid velocities with MWCNTs are decreased with the inertia parameter. In addition, a rise in thermophoresis occurrences leads to an increased temperature of nanofluids, whereas an increase of Brownian diffusion parameter leads to lower nanofluid temperature.

Numerical investigation of entropy generation and double-diffusive natural convection for nanofluid flow inside a hexagonal enclosure with different hot obstacles

Numerical investigation of entropy generation and double-diffusive natural convection for nanofluid flow inside a hexagonal enclosure with different hot obstacles

Non-similar analysis of two-phase hybrid nano-fluid flow with Cattaneo-Christov heat flux model: a computational study

The purpose of this research elaborates the behaviour of the two-phase hybrid nano-fluid flow of viscous fluid through the stretching sheet. Impacts of heat transfer, for MHD two-dimensional steady flow over stretching surface with Cattaneo-Christov (CC) model are discussed. Bio-convective, thermal radiation and convective conditions are considered. Porous surface and velocity slip effects are also considered. Darcy-Forchheimer relation characterizes porous medium. The governing equations are solved through MATLAB. Plots of temperature and velocity fields are discussed via various estimations of emerging variables. Results findings shows the velocity profile decreases in case of both simple and hybrid nano-fluids for higher estimations of magnetic parameter and local inertia coefficient parameter. Fluid temperature reduces for maximum thermal relaxation parameter and possess higher values against radiation parameter. Microorganism profile reduces bio-convection Lewis number but increases for the magnetic parameter. Prominent results from this study include determining the effective parameters to enhance heat transfer efficiency and defining the circumstances in which the nano-fluid performs better than traditional fluids. These discoveries offer significant perspectives on the utilization of Cattaneo-Christov model with hybrid nano-fluid flow in comprehensive thermal management systems and establish a basis for subsequent practical and theoretical investigations within the domain.

Innovative thermal management in the presence of ferromagnetic hybrid nanoparticles

In the present work, a simple intelligence-based computation of artificial neural networks with the Levenberg-Marquardt backpropagation algorithm is developed to analyze the new ferromagnetic hybrid nanofluid flow model in the presence of a magnetic dipole within the context of flow over a stretching sheet. A combination of cobalt and iron (III) oxide (Co-Fe2O3) is strategically selected as ferromagnetic hybrid nanoparticles within the base fluid, water. The initial representation of the developed ferromagnetic hybrid nanofluid flow model, which is a system of highly nonlinear partial differential equations, is transformed into a system of nonlinear ordinary differential equations using appropriate similarity transformations. The reference data set of the possible outcomes is obtained from bvp4c for varying the parameters of the ferromagnetic hybrid nanofluid flow model. The estimated solutions of the proposed model are described during the testing, training, and validation phases of the backpropagated neural network. The performance evaluation and comparative study of the algorithm are carried out by regression analysis, error histograms, function fitting graphs, and mean squared error results. The findings of our study analyze the increasing effect of the ferrohydrodynamic interaction parameter β\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$$\\beta$$\\end{document} to enhance the temperature and velocity profiles, while increasing the thermal relaxation parameter α\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$$\\alpha$$\\end{document} decreases the temperature profile. The performance on MSE was shown for the temperature and velocity profiles of the developed model about 9.1703e−10, 7.1313ee−10, 3.1462e−10, and 4.8747e−10. The accuracy of the artificial neural networks with the Levenberg-Marquardt algorithm method is confirmed through various analyses and comparative results with the reference data. The purpose of this study is to enhance understanding of ferromagnetic hybrid nanofluid flow models using artificial neural networks with the Levenberg-Marquardt algorithm, offering precise analysis of key parameter effects on temperature and velocity profiles. Future studies will provide novel soft computing methods that leverage artificial neural networks to effectively solve problems in fluid mechanics and expand to engineering applications, improving their usefulness in tackling real-world problems.

Unsteady radiative-convective Casson hybrid nanofluid flow over an inclined disk with Cattaneo–Christov heat flux and entropy estimation

Unsteady radiative-convective Casson hybrid nanofluid flow over an inclined disk with Cattaneo–Christov heat flux and entropy estimation

Al2O3–Cu hybrid nanofluid flow and heat transfer characteristics in the duct with various triangular rib configurations

Al2O3–Cu hybrid nanofluid flow and heat transfer characteristics in the duct with various triangular rib configurations

A comparative analysis on the magnetohydrodynamic mixed convective flow of a hybrid nanofluid with radiative heat transfer using bagging regression

Hybrid nanofluids exhibit enhanced attributes such as increased mechanical strength, chemical inertness, thermal diffusivity, and structural robustness compared to traditional nanofluids. In connection with this, the current study explores a comparative analysis of the mixed convection phenomenon in a magnetohydrodynamic flow of a hybrid nanofluid with radiative heat transfer. The originality of the current illustration is to scrutinise the hybrid nanofluids with combinations of Copper–sliver (Cu–Ag), Aluminium oxide–Titanium dioxide (Al2O3–TiO2 ), and Copper–Aluminium oxide (Cu–Al2O3 ) on flow and heat transfer. Here, the basis fluids are assumed to be kerosene and water. The perturbation approach is used to solve the governing equations, and bagging regression is used to show the velocity characteristics of the hybrid nanofluid magnetohydrodynamic flow. The outcomes are scrutinised using tables and figures. The results reveal that the shear stress on a surface rises as the radiation parameter increases. The shear stress on a surface typically decreases as the magnetic field strength rises. However, shear stress escalates with the increase in radiation parameter due to heat absorption.

Inertial drag combined with non‐uniform heat generation/absorption effects on the hydromagnetic flow of polar nanofluid over an elongating permeable surface due to the impose of chemical reaction

AbstractThe pivotal role of Brownian and thermophoresis in investigating the flow characteristic of polar nanofluid is important nowadays due to various engineering applications. The enhanced thermal and transport properties in the field of biomedical nanomedicine for hyperthermia treatments, and for enhancing the efficiency of heat exchange processes in cooling electronic devices, heat exchangers, and automotive engines the use of Brownian and thermophoresis is important. Therefore, the present study reveals the importance of Darcy–Forchheimer inertial drag combined with the space‐ and temperature‐dependent heat generation/absorption on the flow of polar nanofluid over an elongating surface. The surface is considered to be permeable for which the hydromagnetic flow in the presence of thermal radiation specifically, Brownian and thermophoresis affects the flow phenomena significantly. The proposed flow model designed with the aforementioned physical properties is standardized into the set of nonlinear ordinary equations by the implementation of suitable similarity rules. Further, the characteristics of various physical quantities are deployed by solving the system by using traditional Rung–Kutta fourth‐order technique. Further, the analysis of several factors is deployed briefly via graphically, and simulation of rate coefficients is presented through tables. The important outcomes of the study are deployed as the inclusion of thermal and solutal buoyancy enhances the velocity distribution, whereas reverse impact is observed for the increasing inertial drag. Also, space‐ and temperature‐dependent heat source augments the temperature profile but Lewis number decelerates the fluid concentration significantly.

Squeezing hydromagnetic nanofluid flow between two parallel plates with joule heating effects and induced magnetic field

Over the years, cooling high energy devices has become a major challenge to most industries. Thus, squeezing hydromagnetic nanofluid flow between two parallel plates has garnered alot of attention. In the present study, an unsteady, incompressible, hydromagnetic gold and water nanofluid flow squeezed between two parallel plates with Joule heating and a magnetic field that is induced is considered. The model considers the impacts of Joule heating,Viscous dissipation and induced magnetic field. In contrast with other studies which may have focussed on only one or two of these aspects this comprehensive approach provides a more accurate depiction of the flow pattern. Employing the finite difference method, the flow's non-linear differential equations are numerically solved and then implemented in MATLAB. The effect of changing various parameters on flow variables such as velocity, magnetic induction and thermal profiles are determined and the results obtained are presented graphically. Increasing magnetic parameter and Prandtl magnetic number caused a decline in temperature,velocity and magnetic induction profiles. Further, increasing the Eckert number and Joule heating parameter lead to an increase in temperature profiles. This findings have a direct impact on high-energy cooling devices which frequently experience heat dissipation. Additionally, engineers can ensure optimal performance and the longevity of plate heat exchangers in industries.

Bioconvective three-dimensional flow of Sutterby nanoliquid due to moving plate with activation energy applications

Owing to enhanced features of nanomaterials, various applications of such materials have been suggested in the thermal systems, heat exchanges, electronic cooling systems, coolant processes, energy production etc. Following to such motivated applications, the objective of current analysis is to presents the bioconvective double stratification flow of Sutterby nanofluid due to bidirectional moving surface. The thermal interpretation of problem is subject to utilization of radiative effects, activation energy and heat source. The observations for heat, mass and microorganism's assessment are performed by using the convective boundary conditions. Shooting numerical simulations are performed for modeled problem. It is noticed that heat transfer enhances due to thermal stratification parameter. An increment in mass transfer is subject to larger values of mass stratification Biot number. The claimed results offer significance in controlling the heating and cooling processes, thermal devices, energy generation, manufacturing developments, solar systems etc.

Correction to: “Entropy analysis on oscillating flow of third grade nanofluid in a channel with Joule heating: a Buongiorno model approach”

Correction to: “Entropy analysis on oscillating flow of third grade nanofluid in a channel with Joule heating: a Buongiorno model approach”

Multiple slip nonlinear radiative bioconvective flow of nanofluid with variable thermal conductivity

Owing to the improved thermal applications of nanomaterials, various applications have been suggested in various era of engineering including heat transfer devices, chemical processes, thermal management devices, electronic cooling etc. The aim of current investigation is to presents the bioconvective flow of nanofluid with applications of multiple slip effects. The motivations for considering the slip effects for heat and mass transfer analysis are associated to its significance in the petroleum sciences, extrusion processes, oil recovery and plasma physics. The nonlinear thermal radiation effects and chemical reaction consequences have been attributed. In contrast to traditional investigations, the thermal conductivity of nanofluid have been assumed to be temperature dependent. Following the assumptions of dimensionless variables, a system of nonlinear differential equations is obtained. The shooting technique is employed for computing the numerical simulations. The accuracy of solution is ensured. The physical assessment of problem is incorporated in view of involved parameter. It has been claimed that interaction of slip effects enhances the heat and mass transfer effects. Change in microbes density slip parameter leads to improvement in the microorganisms profile. Moreover, local Nusselt number and Sherwood number reduces for slip parameters. Current results present significance in heat transfer systems, thermal engineering, chemical engineering, fertilizers, biofuels etc.

Implementation of artificial neural network using Levenberg Marquardt algorithm for Casson–Carreau nanofluid flow over exponentially stretching curved surface

Implementation of artificial neural network using Levenberg Marquardt algorithm for Casson–Carreau nanofluid flow over exponentially stretching curved surface

Exploring the influence of morphology on magnetized Ree–Eyring tri‐hybrid nanofluid flow between orthogonally moving coaxial disks using artificial neural networks with Levenberg–Marquardt scheme

AbstractThe present study presents an analysis of Ree–Eyring tri‐hybrid nanofluid flow between two expanding/contracting disks with permeable walls by applying the computing power of Levenberg–Marquardt supervised neural networks (LM‐SNNs). The effects of thermal radiation, Brownian motion, and thermophoresis were also thoroughly examined. The results are presented for tri‐hybrid nanofluid with SWCNT and MWCNT and Fe2O3 and H2O base fluid. The coupled non‐linear PDE system is transformed into a system of ODE associated with convective boundary conditions by applying the appropriate transformations. This is then accomplished numerically by using the finite difference‐based BVP‐4c MATLAB code that implements the three‐stage Lobatto IIIA formula. The results are novel and have been validated with LM‐SNNs outcomes. It has been observed that both numerical outcomes and LM‐SNNs produce equivalent results, and both approaches exhibit a drop in the velocity profile for the magnetic field near the lower plate and a rise near the upper plate. The skin friction against the Prandtl number increases, whereas the Nusselt number decreases at the upper disc. Compared to BVP‐4c numerical approaches, the given LM‐SNNs model is more dependable, efficient, and time‐saving because it requires less work and produces results quickly.

3D-MHD mixed convection in a darcy-forchheimer maxwell fluid: Thermo diffusion, diffusion-thermo effects, and activation energy influence

In this article, the three-dimensional upper-convected Darcy-Forchheimer Maxwell (UCM) nanofluid flow over a stretching surface is analyzed to investigate the effects of activation energy, thermodiffusion, diffusion thermo, and magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) on heat and mass transfer. The energy equation incorporates a nonlinear radiative heat flux. Using similarity transformation, the nonlinear partial differential equations are reduced to ordinary differential equations, which are then solved using the well-known shooting technique via the fourth-order Runge-Kutta integration method. To validate our results, we also employ MATLAB's built-in function bvp4c. The impact of various parameters, such as activation energy, diffusion thermo, thermodiffusion, Brownian motion parameter, Prandtl number, thermophoresis parameter, and magnetic parameter, on velocity, temperature, and concentration is discussed both graphically and numerically. It is observed that the flow velocity decreases with an increasing magnetic field parameter. Additionally, higher values of the activation energy parameter reduce the nanoparticle concentration profile. The temperature and concentration exhibit opposite behaviors when thermodiffusion and diffusion thermo effects are enhanced.

Response surface methodology-based new model to optimize heat transfer and shear stress for ferrites/motor oil hybrid nanofluid

PurposeThis study aims to optimize heat transfer efficiency and minimize friction factor and entropy generation in hybrid nanofluid flows through porous media. By incorporating factors such as melting effect, buoyancy, viscous dissipation and no-slip velocity on a stretchable surface, the aim is to enhance overall performance. Additionally, sensitivity analysis using response surface methodology is used to evaluate the influence of key parameters on response functions.Design/methodology/approachAfter deriving suitable Lie-group transformations, the modeled equations are solved numerically using the “spectral local linearization method.” This approach is validated through rigorous numerical comparisons and error estimations, demonstrating strong alignment with prior studies.FindingsThe findings reveal that higher Darcy numbers and melting parameters are associated with decreased entropy (35.86% and 35.93%, respectively) and shear stress, increased heat transmission (16.4% and 30.41%, respectively) in hybrid nanofluids. Moreover, response surface methodology uses key factors, concerning the Nusselt number and shear stress as response variables in a quadratic model. Notably, the model exhibits exceptional accuracy with $R^2$ values of 99.99% for the Nusselt number and 100.00% for skin friction. Additionally, optimization results demonstrate a notable sensitivity to the key parameters.Research limitations/implicationsLubrication is a vital method to minimize friction and wear in the automobile sector, contributing significantly to energy efficiency, environmental conservation and carbon reduction. The incorporation of nickel and manganese zinc ferrites into SAE 20 W-40 motor oil lubricants, as defined by the Society of Automotive Engineers, significantly improves their performance, particularly in terms of tribological attributes.Originality/valueThis work stands out for its focus on applications such as hybrid electromagnetic fuel cells and nano-magnetic material processing. While these applications are gaining interest, there is still a research gap regarding the effects of melting on heat transfer in a NiZnFe_2O_4-MnZnFe_2O_4/20W40 motor oil hybrid nanofluid over a stretchable surface, necessitating a thorough investigation that includes both numerical simulations and statistical analysis.

Expression of Concern: Entropy generation of the laminar and mixed flow of alumina/water nanofluid flow in a two-dimensional rectangular enclosure affected by a magnetic field using the lattice Boltzmann method

Expression of Concern: Entropy generation of the laminar and mixed flow of alumina/water nanofluid flow in a two-dimensional rectangular enclosure affected by a magnetic field using the lattice Boltzmann method

Comparative study of two-phase flow approaches for modeling conjugate heat transfer in a three-dimensional wavy microchannel-heat sink with CuO-water nanofluid

This study aims to numerically investigate the conjugate heat transfer (CHT) and the changes in the hydraulic and thermal terms of laminar flow (300 ≤ Re ≤ 800) in a 3-D wavy microchannel heat sink (MCHS). The obtained results from different nanofluid flow simulated models will be compared. The numerical simulation approaches used include single-phase, mixture, Eulerian, DPM, and DDPM. The effect of adding 1%, 3%, and 6% concentration of CuO nanoparticles (100 nm) in deionized water as the base fluid is examined on various parameters such as local and axial temperature, heat transfer convective coefficient, friction factor, Nusselt number (Nu), velocity distribution, and thermal and hydraulic boundary layer parameters. The substrate surface, due to its larger area surface and the amplitude of the sinusoidal wave, has a greater impact on the nanofluid flow as a channel bottom conjugate surface compared to others. The results obtained from the different models show close agreement with each other for various cases. For example, at Re = 304, the average Nu and friction factor for pure water are approximately 10.43 and 0.0260, respectively. For water with 0.01 concentration of CuO nanoparticles, Nu is found to be in the range of 10.43–10.78, and the friction factor ranges from 0.260 to 0.290, depending on the approach used for simulation. This shows a 2% increase in Nusselt number compared to a 0.05% increase in the friction factor. Moreover, these values increase by approximately 5.7% and 11.3% on average with an increase in CuO nanoparticle concentration to 0.06. Additionally, the DPM and DDPM models show a 15% difference in the scattering of CuO nanoparticles compared to the Eulerian-Eulerian models. The single-phase model presented in this study yields similar results to the multiphase approaches. Furthermore, the PEC parameter increases by about 1.9% with the addition of CuO nanoparticles at a concentration of 0.06.

Numerical simulation of heat and mass transfer through hybrid nanofluid flow consists of polymer/CNT matrix nanocomposites across parallel sheets

The hybrid nanofluid (Hnf) flow with heat and mass transmission under the magnetic field and activation energy consequences across parallel double-rotating surfaces has been studied. In order to synthesize the Hnf, polymer/CNT matrix nanocomposites (MNCs) are dissolved in water. Polymer/CNT MNCs are highly efficient and have exceptional properties. These MNCs are helpful in various applications, from engineering to biomedical research, because of their incredible thermophysical properties. Keeping in view the significant uses of the polymer/CNT MNC hybrid nanofluid flow, we have formulated the fluid flow in the form of the system of PDEs (partial differential equations), which are reformed into the non-dimensional form of ODEs (ordinary differential equations) and then solved numerically through the Matlab package (bvp4c). The numerical outputs for velocity, heat and mass profiles are compared with another numerical approach ND-solve. It has been determined that the outputs are precisely correct and reliable. Furthermore, the fluid velocity drops with the influence of suction/injection, Reynold number, and polymer/CNT MNC. The increasing quantity of polymer/CNT MNC in water reduces the energy and mass profiles. The energy field enhances with the upshot of the heat source term, whereas the concentration field falloffs with the effect of Schmidt number.