Nanofibrous Dressings Research Articles

Silk fibroin/gelatin electrospun nanofibrous dressing loaded with roxadustat accelerates wound healing in diabetic rats via HIF-1α stabilization

Diabetes presents significant health risks, including diabetic foot ulcers, which can lead to amputation or death if left untreated. It has been acknowledged that hypoxia-inducible factor-1 alpha (HIF-1α) dysfunction in diabetic wounds delays healing and tissue repair. This study explores the therapeutic potential of roxadustat (ROX), a novel HIF-1α stabilizer, within an optimized electrospun gelatin/silk fibroin nanofibrous dressing (ROX-NF). The dressing's properties were optimized using a 22 full factorial design, with varied gelatin (GN) and silk fibroin (SF) amounts as factors and responses including degradation, porosity, swelling, drug release, and drug content percentages. In vitro characterization of the optimized ROX-NF showed a degradation rate of 90.24 ± 1.29 %, porosity of 84.41 ± 3.04 %, cumulative drug release of 93.13 ± 3.05 % over 48 h, and a high drug content of 99.12 ± 0.02 %, with structural analyses confirming successful ROX integration within the nanofibrous matrix. Additionally, in vivo evaluation of the optimized ROX-NF in diabetic rat models demonstrated accelerated wound closure, achieving 5.17 ± 1.2 % wound area by day 14 compared to 19.3 ± 2.8 % with ROX dispersion. Histological analysis revealed enhanced collagen deposition, neovascularization, and organized epidermal and dermal layers. Furthermore, PCR, ELISA, and Western blot assays demonstrated a marked upregulation of key wound healing markers, including HIF-1α, TGF-β, VEGF, and collagen I, in the ROX-NF group relative to ROX dispersion. These findings underscore the efficacy of combining ROX with nanofiber characteristics, offering a promising approach for diabetic wound management through accelerated wound closure and enhanced tissue regeneration.

Tailor-made curdlan based nanofibrous dressings enable diabetic wound healing

The development and application of novel polysaccharides that can improve diabetic wound healing is crucial. Dressings containing curdlan have the potential to promote healing in diabetic wounds, but the underlying mechanism remain unclear. In addition, the functional modifications that could further enhance the activity of curdlan in promoting diabetic wound healing have not been explored. Herein, we investigated the capabilities of curdlan (CU) and its four derivatives i.e., sulfated curdlan (SC), amino-curdlan (AC) carboxymethyl curdlan (CMC) and CMC/ZnO nanocomposites for diabetic wound healing. Pristine CU and its derivatives were blended with polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) to fabricate electrospun nanofiber dressings (ENDs) with uniform appearances. The PVA/CU, PVA/CMC and PVA/CMC-ZnO ENDs were more compatible with keratinocytes, fibroblasts, and macrophages than that of PVA/AC ENDs. Notably, PVA/CMC ENDs and PVA/CMC-ZnO ENDs exhibited superior wound healing efficiencies than other ENDs. Among various dressings, PVA/CU, PVA/SC, PVA/CMC ENDs effectively reduced M1 macrophages and facilitated M2 phenotype at early stage of diabetic wound healing. Collectively, the PVA/CMC ENDs demonstrated greater therapeutic potential against diabetic wounds compared to other modified scaffolds via regulating macrophage polarization.

Polycaprolactone/gelatin-QAS/bioglass nanofibres accelerate diabetic chronic wound healing by improving dysfunction of fibroblasts

Worldwide, more than 25 % of patients with diabetes develop chronic diabetic wounds in their lifetime. Infection and dysfunctional fibroblasts represent two significant etiological factors contributing to impaired wound healing in patients with diabetes. It is therefore evident that the development of wound dressings with both anti-infective and DM fibroblast modulating functions has the potential for clinical applications. In this study, a PCL/gelatine-quaternary ammonium salts (QAS)/bioglass (BG) electrospun nanofibrous membrane was developed with physico-chemical and biological properties that not only meet the clinical requirements for wound dressings but also exhibit remarkable moisturising (water adsorption rate of 382.39 ± 4.36 %) and tear-resistance properties (a tear strength of ~5.5 MPa). The incorporation of QAS and BG has enhanced the biocompatibility and bioactivity of the nanofibres, while also imparting remarkable antimicrobial properties. The antibacterial efficacy of PGQ-BG against E. coli and S. aureus was found to be 92.8 ± 0.78 % and 99.3 ± 0.55 %, respectively. Moreover, it was demonstrated that PGQ-BG nanofibers exerted a promoting effect on the extracellular matrix (ECM) in dysfunctional fibroblasts and upregulated the expression level of α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), a marker of their differentiation to myofibroblasts in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, the COL-III/COL-I ratio was significantly increased, indicating that PGQ-BG may also accelerate wound healing. The nanofibrous dressing reduced scar formation by increasing the COL-III/COL-I ratio. This is the first report of BG improving fibroblast dysfunction via COL-III and COL-I promotion in fibroblasts, both in vitro and in vivo. Therefore, this novel bioactive nanofibrous dressing represents an effective and safe therapeutic strategy for improving chronic wound healing in patients with diabetes.

Elastic Nanofibrous Dressings with Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Recruiting and Protecting Characteristics for Promoting Diabetic Wound Healing.

Diabetic wounds that do not heal for a long time challenge global healthcare. Mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) therapy has positive significance in promoting diabetic wound healing. However, traditional MSC therapy involves exogenous MSCs, which brings many limitations and unsatisfactory treatment. Moreover, the maintenance of MSC viability and function is difficult because of the high level of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in diabetic wounds. Therefore, we developed a nanofibrous dressing to recruit and protect endogenous MSCs while avoiding the inherent disadvantages of exogenous MSCs. Ceria nanoparticles capable of ROS scavenging are integrated into the nanofibrous dressings, together with Apt19S, a DNA aptamer with affinity and selectivity for MSCs. In addition, the homogenization and freeze-drying technology give the nanofibrous dressings good elasticity, which protects the wound from external pressure. Further experiments in diabetic mice show that the dressing has excellent endogenous MSC recruitment and anti-inflammatory properties, thereby synergistically promoting diabetic wound healing. This study is expected to explore an efficient method of stem cell therapy, providing a new way to construct high-performance wound dressings.

Nanofibrous dressing with drug/electroactivity synergistic effect for wound healing

Although electrical stimulation (ES) and drugs are desirable for wound healing, dressings that combine ES and drugs are scarce. In this study, an electroactive drug-loaded nanofibrous dressing (PUE-Zn/AB@CA) was prepared by loading zinc/acetylene black nanoparticle particles (Zn/AB) in Puerarin/cellulose acetate (PUE/CA) nanofibres, respectively. Due to the different potentials, many galvanic couples can be formed between Zn and AB, generating electrical stimulation that promotes cell migration and proliferation. Benefiting from the synergistic effect of Zn/AB electrical stimulation and PUE, PUE-Zn/AB@CA exhibits excellent antioxidant, antibacterial, and anti-inflammatory properties. The whole-layer wound defect model experiment showed that PUE-Zn/AB@CA can significantly accelerate wound closure and promote granulation tissue formation, collagen deposition, and angiogenesis at the wound. Moreover, PUE-Zn/AB@CA could inhibit the inflammatory infiltration of M1-type macrophages in damaged wounds. In addition, flow cytometry and Western blot (WB) revealed that PUE-Zn/AB@CA could effectively down-regulate the lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced macrophage polarisation towards M1-type and reduce the protein level of pro-inflammatory cytokines (iNOS) in the cells. This work provided an effective wound healing strategy based on drug/electroactivity synergistic effects.

Preparation and design of intelligent multi-response PTMC/PVP composite nanofibrous dressing to promote wound closure and its applications in diabetic wounds

The healing process of diabetic wounds is characterized by a slow and arduous progression, making it challenging to achieve wound closure and complete healing through self-contraction, as observed in normal wounds. In this study, an intelligent multi-responsive composite of polytrimethylene carbonate (PTMC)/polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) nanofibrous dressing (C-PPZS) loaded with simvastatin-loaded ZIF-8 nanoparticles (ZIF-8@SIM NPs) was fabricated via electrospinning technology. The dressing exhibited liquid-triggered and temperature-controlled shrinkage characteristics, as well as pH-responsive drug release properties. When subjected to a temperature of 37 ℃ for 60 min, the area shrinkage rate of PPZS in PBS was determined to be 78.36 ± 1.14 %, and C-PPZS also reduced the area of isolated mouse skin defects to 38.01 ± 2.33 % of its original size. Furthermore, in vitro studies demonstrated that C-PPZS exhibited favorable biocompatibility and proangiogenic properties, along with significant inhibitory effects against S. aureus and E. coli. In vivo experiments conducted on diabetic mice revealed that C-PPZS facilitated wound closure and healing, attenuated scar formation, stimulated collagen fiber deposition, and promoted vascular regeneration. In conclusion, C-PPZS has great potential as an advanced dressing for the treatment of chronic wounds.

Fabrication and characterization of multi-layered coaxial agar-based electrospun biocomposite mat, novel replacement for transdermal patches

In the performed study, a novel fabrication of agar-based nanofibers was electrospun in an asymmetric bilayer dressing for biomedical transdermal patches. The optimal parameters for the fabrication of agar-based nanofibers after optimization were a feed rate of 10 μL/min, a 7 cm collector-to-nozzle distance, a 15 kV applied voltage, and a 700-rpm rotating collector speed. Coaxial nanofibers, as a second asymmetric layer, were produced using polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) with cephalexin hydrate, an antibacterial drug, as the core and agar-PCL as the sheath. The morphology of the developed uniaxial and coaxial nanofibrous layers was analysed using a scanning electron microscope and transmission electron microscopy, respectively. For the formation of bilayer asymmetric structures, the agar-PCL uniaxial layer was fabricated over the layer of coaxial PVA and agar-PCL layers for sustained drug release. The agar-based nanofibrous mats exhibited tensile strength of 7 MPa with 40 % elongation failure, 8-fold increased swelling, enhanced wettability (60° contact angle), and a moisture transmission rate of 2174 g/m2/day. The developed coaxial bilayer mats exhibited antimicrobial activity, hemocompatibility, and cytocompatibility. Overall, this novel agar nanofibrous dressing offers promising potential for advanced biomedical applications, particularly as transdermal patches for efficient drug delivery systems.

Accelerating healing of infected wounds with G. glabra extract and curcumin Co-loaded electrospun nanofibrous dressing.

This study aimed to construct a nanofibrous wound dressing composed of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and chitosan (CS) containing curcumin and Glycyrrhiza glabra root extract to inhibit infection and accelerate wound healing. Loading 10wt% of G. glabra extract-curcumin (50:50) by electrospinng technique resulted in the formation of nanofibers (NFs) with diameter distribution 303 ± 38 and had a uniform and defect-free morphology. FTIR analysis confirmed the loading of the components without adverse interactions. Also, the results showed extremely high porosity, extraordinary liquid absorption capacity, and complete wettability. In addition, G. glabra extract-curcumin showed significant antioxidant activity and their release profile from NFs was continuous and sustained. Also, the prepared NF could inhibit the growth of both Gram-positive Saureus and Gram-negative E. coli strains. Wound healing evaluation in the infected animal model showed that the NFs caused full wound closure and accelerated skin regeneration. The studies on inhibiting the bacteria growth at the wound site also revealed complete inhibitory effects. Moreover, histopathology studies confirmed the complete regeneration of skin layers, formation of collagen fibers, and angiogenesis. Finally, PVA/CS NFs containing G. glabra extract-curcumin as a multifunctional bioactive wound dressing presented a promising approach for promoting the healing of infected wounds.

Clinical assessment of novel nanofibrous dressings for cutaneous leishmaniasis: A trial‐based study

AbstractThe burden of cutaneous leishmaniasis, characterized by skin lesions from Leishmania parasites, has prompted a shift from traditional antimonial treatments to alternative therapies due to concerns over drug resistance and toxicity. This study heralds a novel multi‐layered wound dressing embedded with amphotericin B (AMB) in polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) nanofibers, designed to deliver controlled drug release. Fabrication involved conventional and needleless electrospinning, with the latter producing nanofibers (N‐PVA‐AMB) with a larger diameter of 550 nm compared to 230 nm for conventional (PVA‐AMB), resulting in a more sustained release of 55% over 65% for PVA‐AMB after 50 min. A pilot clinical trial demonstrated significant healing in patients with non‐healing ulcers within 4 weeks of treatment using the AMB‐loaded dressing. The dressing's unique composition not only facilitates painless application but also promotes efficient moisture transfer, enhancing wound healing and providing a barrier against infection. This innovative dressing addresses the challenges of pain during dressing changes and microbial contamination, marking a significant advancement in cutaneous leishmaniasis treatment and offering a practical alternative to conventional therapies.

Advancements in Wound Care: A Review of Electrospun Nanofibrous Dressings Enriched with Phytoconstituents

Advancements in Wound Care: A Review of Electrospun Nanofibrous Dressings Enriched with Phytoconstituents

Chitosan/PVA Films and Silver Nanoparticle Impregnated Nanofibrous Dressings for Evaluation of their Wound Healing Efficacy in Wistar Albino Rat Model

The exoskeleton of marine shrimp contains a natural, biocompatible polymer chitin, which is dumped as a waste. The study proposes the sustainable single-pot-extraction of chitosan from the waste and its use in the fabrication of wound-dressings, and thus leverage its piezoelectric, antioxidant, hypoglycaemic and medicinal properties in wound-healing. The Fourier transform infrared spectrum revealed that marine chitosan contains functional groups with N-O, O-H, and CO stretching. Scanning electron micrographs demonstrated the spherical and mesoporous structures of the extracted chitosan. X-ray diffraction analysis showed a semi-crystalline phase of chitosan particles with a mean size of 28.9 nm. The film prepared with marine shrimp chitosanpolyvinyl alcohol (PVA) composite, and used as a wound dressing exhibited significant wound healing properties with a regeneration efficiency of 78% in 8 days in Wistar albino rats. The wound healing efficiency was enhanced by the addition of cost effective, non-toxic/environmentally friendly silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) synthesized from Rumex acetosa (sorrel) plant extracts and electrospinning of the nanofibrous composites of chitosan/PVA/AgNPs with high antibacterial, antioxidant and wound healing capacity of 96% in 8 days. Thus, the current study supports the use of a natural piezoelectric chitosan polymer as a wound dressing material, either in film or nanofiber, for normal as well as diabetic wounds.

Enhancing antibacterial activity against multi-drug resistant wound bacteria: Incorporating multiple nanoparticles into chitosan-based nanofibrous dressings for effective wound regeneration

Wound infection continues to pose a significant challenge in the field of wound healing. Multi-drug resistant bacteria (MDR) make it even more complicated. Therefore, there is a pressing need to fabricate wound dressings with enhanced antimicrobial activity, particularly against MDR strains. In this study, we aimed to incorporate three antimicrobial nanoparticles into a chitosan-based nanofibrous mat (CS) and assess their antimicrobial activity against MDR bacteria. We fabricated CS mats incorporated with silver nanoparticles (CS-nAg), CuO nanoparticles (CS-nCuO), ZnO nanoparticles (CS-nZnO), a combination of Ag and CuO nanoparticles (CS-nAC), and a combination of Ag, CuO, and ZnO nanoparticles (CS-nACZ). The antimicrobial activity of these mats against MDR clinical isolates of four common wound bacteria including Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, and Acinetobacter baumannii were investigated. Each strain was tested using 10 isolates. According to in-vitro study, mats incorporated with a single type of nanoparticle demonstrated antimicrobial activity against certain isolates of P. aeruginosa, S. aureus, and E. coli. However, the antimicrobial activity was enhanced when multiple types of nanoparticles were combined (CS-nAC and CS-nACZ). Notably, CS-nACZ was the only mat that demonstrated antimicrobial activity against A. baumannii. In addition to its superior antimicrobial activity, CS-nACZ did not exhibit cytotoxicity towards fibroblasts. In an animal study using an infected wound rat model, the CS-nACZ mat demonstrated superior antimicrobial activity and excellent wound regeneration ability. These results suggest that the use of multiple nanoparticles in CS based wound dressing can lead to enhanced antimicrobial effects and effective wound regeneration.

Blow-Spun Si3N4-Incorporated Nanofibrous Dressing with Antibacterial, Anti-Inflammatory, and Angiogenic Activities for Chronic Wound Treatment

The effective and safe healing of chronic wounds, such as diabetic ulcers, presents a significant clinical challenge due to the adverse microenvironment in the wound that hinders essential processes of wound healing, including angiogenesis, inflammation resolution, and bacterial control. Therefore, there is an urgent demand for the development of safe and cost-effective multifunctional therapeutic dressings. Silicon nitride, with its distinctive antibacterial properties and bioactivities, shows great potential as a promising candidate for the treatment of chronic wounds. In this study, a silicon nitride-incorporated collagen/chitosan nanofibrous dressing (CCS) were successfully fabricated using the solution blow spinning technique (SBS). SBS offers compelling advantages in fabricating uniform nanofibers, resulting in a three-dimensional fluffy nanofibrous scaffold that creates an optimal wound healing environment. This blow-spun nanofibrous dressing exhibits excellent hygroscopicity and breathability, enabling effective absorption of wound exudate. Importantly, the incorporated silicon nitride within the fibers triggers surface chemical reactions in the aqueous environment, leading to the release of bioactive ions that modulate the wound microenvironment. Here, the CCS demonstrated exceptional capabilities in absorbing wound exudate, facilitating water vapor transmission, and displaying remarkable antibacterial properties in vitro and in a rat infected wound model (up to 99.7%, 4.5 × 107 CFU/cm2 for Staphylococcus aureus). Furthermore, the CCS exhibited an enhanced wound closure rate, angiogenesis, and anti-inflammatory effects in a rat diabetic wound model, compared to the control group without silicon nitride incorporation.Graphical abstract

Biomimetic aligned nanofibrous dressings containing cell-selective polymer enhance diabetic wound regeneration

Diabetic ulcers remain a significant challenge in wound care due to loss of epithelial cell migration. Aligned nanofibrous scaffolds mimicking the skin's extracellular matrix (ECM) are promising candidates for diabetic wound healing. In this study, a composition of poly(ε-caprolactone), gelatin, and dopamine-containing varying amounts of ε-polylysine (ε-PL) was electrospun to prepare aligned nanofiber wound dressings (ANFDs). We then investigated the morphological, physicochemical, mechanical, and biological properties of fabricated ANDFs. The presence of ε-PL confers bactericidal properties while promoting epithelial and fibroblast adhesion, proliferation, and migration, confirming its cell selectivity. The clinical importance of the ANFDs was then demonstrated in a mice model of full-thickness diabetic wounds. The results confirm that ANFD treatment resulted in a higher rate of wound closure in the linear range of wound closure than wounds treated with silver dressings. Taken together, these results suggest the potential of antimicrobial ANFDs for the treatment of diabetic wounds.

Protective Topical Dual-Sided Nanofibrous Hemostatic Dressing Using Mussel and Silk Proteins with Multifunctionality of Hemostasis and Anti-Bacterial Infiltration.

Topical hemostatic agents are preferred for application to sensitive bleeding sites because of their immediate locoregional effects with less tissue damage. However, the majority of commercial hemostatic agents fail to provide stable tissue adhesion to bleeding wounds or act as physical barriers against contaminants. Hence, it has become necessary to investigate biologically favorable materials that can be applied and left within the body post-surgery. In this study, a dual-sided nanofibrous dressing for topical hemostasis is electrospun using a combination of two protein materials: bioengineered mussel adhesive protein (MAP) and silk fibroin (SF). The wound-adhesive inner layer is fabricated using dihydroxyphenylalanine (DOPA)-containing MAP, which promotes blood clotting by aggregation of hemocytes and activation of platelets. The anti-adhesive outer layer is composed of alcohol-treated hydrophobic SF, which has excellent spinnability and mechanical strength for fabrication. Because both proteins are fully biodegradable in vivo and biocompatible, the dressing would be suitable to be left in the body. Through in vivo evaluation using a rat liver damage model, significantly reduced clotting time and blood loss are confirmed, successfully demonstrating that the proposed dual-sided nanofibrous dressing has the right properties and characteristics as a topical hemostatic agent having dual functionality of hemostasis and physical protection.

An in situ dressing material containing a multi‐armed antibiotic for healing irregular wounds

AbstractAcute and infected wounds resulting from accidents, battlefield trauma, or surgical interventions have become a global healthcare burden due to the complex bacterial infection environment. However, conventional gauze dressings present insufficient contact with irregular wounds and lack antibacterial activity against multi‐drug‐resistant bacteria. In this study, we develop in situ nanofibrous dressings tailored to fit wounds of various shapes and sizes while providing nanoscale comfort and excellent antibacterial properties. Our approach involves the fabrication of these dressings using a handheld electrospinning device that allows for the direct deposition of nanofiber dressings onto specific irregular wound sites, resulting in perfect conformal wound closure without any mismatch in 2 min. The nanofibrous dressings are loaded with multi‐armed antibiotics that exhibit outstanding antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) and methicillin‐resistant S. aureus. Compared to conventional vancomycin, this in situ nanofibrous dressing shows great antibacterial performance against up to 98% of multi‐drug‐resistant bacteria. In vitro and in vivo experiments demonstrate the ability of in situ nanofibrous dressings to prevent multi‐drug‐resistant bacterial infection, greatly alleviate inflammation, and promote wound healing. Our findings highlight the potential of these personalized nanofibrous dressings for clinical applications, including emergency, accident, and surgical healthcare treatment.

Engineered, Radially Aligned, Gradient-Metformin-Eluting Nanofiber Dressings Accelerate Burn-Wound Healing.

Deep, second- and third-degree burn injuries may lead to irreversible damage to the traumatized tissue and to coagulation or thrombosis of the microvessels, further compromising wound healing. Engineered, morphologically gradient drug-eluting nanofiber dressings promote wound healing by mimicking tissue structure and providing sustained drug delivery, which is particularly beneficial for wound management. This study exploited a resorbable, radially aligned nanofiber dressing that provides the sustained gradient release of metformin at the wound site using a pin-ring electrospinning technique and a differential membrane-thickness approach. The experimental results suggested that the electrospun nanofibrous dressings exhibited uniform and radially oriented fiber distributions. In vitro, these dressings offered an extended release of metformin for 30 d. The incorporation of water-soluble metformin significantly enhanced the hydrophilicity of the nanofiber membranes. Moreover, the in vivo burn-wound-healing model of rats showed that the radially aligned gradient metformin-eluting poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) nanofibers exhibited significantly superior healing capability compared to the pristine PLGA, metformin-eluting, and control dressings. Histological images showed that the mesh/nanofibers produced no adverse effects. The findings in this study emphasize the potential of resorbable, radially aligned nanofiber dressings as advanced wound care solutions, offering broad applicability and meaningful clinical impact.

Multifunctional combined drug-loaded nanofibrous dressings with anti-inflammatory, antioxidant stress and microenvironment improvement for diabetic wounds.

The treatment of diabetic wounds remains a formidable clinical challenge worldwide. Because of persistent inflammatory reaction, excessive oxidative stress, cell dysfunction, poor blood microcirculation and other microvascular complications, diabetic wounds often fall into inflammatory circulation and are difficult to heal, making patients confront the risk of amputation. In this study, silver complex nanoparticles with Resina Draconis extract and Rhodiola rosea L. extract were loaded in situ onto thermoplastic polyurethane nanofibers to develop a multifunctional electrospun nanofiber wound dressing with excellent mechanical properties, superior water absorption and breathability, good coagulation promoting activity, strong antibacterial performance and antioxidant properties. This wound dressing could effectively enhance the migration and proliferation of fibroblasts, reduce the increased thickness of regenerated epidermis caused by diabetes, and the high expression and high lipid peroxidation levels of IL-1 β, IL-6, TNF α, iNOS and MMP-9, and raise the low expression of VEGF, which shows great potential to accelerate the wound healing of diabetic mouse models. The wound healing rate reached about 87.92%, close to the non-diabetic group. Our findings suggest a breakthrough in diabetic wound care, offering a viable solution to a long-standing medical shackle.

Nanofibrous Dressing with Nanocomposite Monoporous Microspheres for Chemodynamic Antibacterial Therapy and Wound Healing.

The excessive use of antibiotics and consequent bacterial resistance have emerged as crucial public safety challenges for humanity. As a promising antibacterial treatment, using reactive oxygen species (ROS) can effectively address this problem and has the advantages of being highly efficient and having low toxicity. Herein, electrospinning and electrospraying were employed to fabricate magnesium oxide (MgO)-based nanoparticle composited polycaprolactone (PCL) nanofibrous dressings for the chemodynamic treatment of bacteria-infected wounds. By utilizing electrospraying, erythrocyte-like monoporous PCL microspheres incorporating silver (Ag)- and copper (Cu)-doped MgO nanoparticles were generated, and the unique microsphere-filament structure enabled efficient anchoring on nanofibers. The composite dressings produced high levels of ROS, as confirmed by the 2,7-dichloriflurescin fluorescent probe. The sustained generation of ROS resulted in efficient glutathione oxidation and a remarkable bacterial killing rate of approximately 99% against Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus). These dressings were found to be effective at treating externally infected wounds. The unique properties of these composite nanofibrous dressings suggest great potential for their use in the medical treatment of bacteria-infected injuries.

Lavandula stoechas extract incorporated polylactic acid nanofibrous mats as an antibacterial and cytocompatible wound dressing

In recent years, great efforts have been devoted to the design and production of bioactive wound dressings that promote skin regeneration and prevent infection. Many plant extracts and essential oils have been widely accepted in traditional medicine for a wide variety of medicinal purposes, especially wound healing. Over the past decade, many studies have focused on manufacturing and designing wound dressings containing plant compounds and extracts. In this study, Lavandula stoechas extract (LSE) (0.25 %, 0.5 %, and 1%wt) incorporated-polylactic acid (PLA) nanofibrous mats were successfully produced and characterized. Microstructural analysis by SEM revealed that the fiber diameter changed with the increase in the amount of LSE. Also, the nanofibrous mats were evaluated for their in vitro antibacterial, cytotoxicity, and wound healing properties for their use as a wound dressing material. According to the results of the disc diffusion test, PLA nanofibrous mats containing LSE %1 showed 9.65 ± 0.46 and 7.37 ± 0.03 inhibition zone (mm) against E. coli and S. aureus, respectively. According to the results of the in vitro wound healing assay, mats containing 0.5 % LSE showed better-wound closure activity compared to the control. Our results show that LSE-incorporated nanofibrous dressings can be an effective alternative with good antimicrobial activity.