Nanofiber Network Research Articles

Composite electrospun membranes from cellulose nanocrystals, castor oil, and poly(ethylene terephthalate): Air permeability, thermal stability, and other relevant properties.

The study examined the use of cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) in poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET)/castor oil (CO) electrospun membranes, focusing on how CNCs influenced membrane properties for aerosol filtration applications. PET membranes were fabricated using 5 wt% and 10 wt% of CNCs and 2.5 wt% CO to assess its effectiveness as a compatibilizing agent, under a solution flow rate of 25.5 μL/min, a voltage of 25 kV, and a needle-collector distance of 8 cm. Nonaligned fiber membranes featured a network of ultrafine and nanofibers, while aligned fibers had an average diameter of over 300 nm (ultrafine fibers). The PET membranes permeability parameters were applied to Forchheimer's equation. All membranes presented values of Darcian (k1)/non-Darcian (k2) permeability coefficients in the order of 10-13 m2/10-8 m, respectively, near the range reported for commercial high-efficiency particulate air filters. CNCs acted as reinforcing agents, while CO was a compatibilizing agent, improving the material's mechanical behavior. Nonaligned PET/CO/10 wt% CNC presented a storage modulus (E') 2-fold higher/tensile strength 3-fold higher than pristine PET. Aligned PET/CO/5 wt% CNC, characterized in the preferential direction of fiber alignment, had approximately an E' 42-fold higher/tensile strength 6-fold higher than the same membrane, but tested in the perpendicular alignment direction. The glass transition temperature (Tg) values of PET (90-110 °C) did not exhibit any significant impact from membrane composition or fiber alignment. This study demonstrated the promising capability of PET-CNC bio-based electrospun membranes to be used in aerosol filtration or gas-solid and liquid-solid separations.

Improving the bioactivity and mechanical properties of poly(ethylene glycol)-based hydrogels through a supramolecular support network.

Most synthetic hydrogels are formed through radical polymerization to yield a homogenous covalent meshwork. In contrast, natural hydrogels form through mechanisms involving both covalent assembly and supramolecular interactions. In this communication, we expand the capabilities of covalent poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) networks through co-assembly of supramolecular peptide nanofibers. Using a peptide hydrogelator derived from the tryptophan zipper (Trpzip) motif, we demonstrate how in situ formation of nanofiber networks can tune the stiffness of PEG-based hydrogels, while also imparting shear thinning, stress relaxation, and self-healing properties. The hybrid networks show enhanced toughness and durability under tension, providing scope for use in load bearing applications. A small quantity of Trpzip peptide renders the non-adhesive PEG network adhesive, supporting adipose derived stromal cell adhesion, elongation, and growth. The integration of supramolecular networks into covalent meshworks expands the versatility of these materials, opening up new avenues for applications in biotechnology and medicine.

In Situ Modulated Nickel Single Atoms on Bicontinuous Porous Carbon Fibers and Sheets Networks for Acidic CO2 Reduction.

Carbon-supported single-atom catalysts exhibit exceptional properties in acidic CO2 reduction. However, traditional carbon supports fall short in building high-site-utilization and CO2-rich interfacial environments, and the structural evolution of single-atom metals and catalytic mechanisms under realistic conditions remain ambiguous. Herein, an interconnected mesoporous carbon nanofiber and carbon nanosheet network (IPCF@CS) is reported, derived from microphase-separated block copolymer, to improve catalytic efficiency of isolated Ni. In IPCF@CS nanostructure, highly mesoporous IPCF hinders stacking of CS that provides additional fully exposed sites and abundant bicontinuous mesochannels of IPCF facilitate smooth CO2 transport. Such unique features enable enhanced Ni utilization and local CO2 enrichment, which cannot be achieved over conventional pore-deficient and discontinuous porous carbon fibers-based supports. In situ X-ray and Infrared spectroscopy coupling constant-potential calculations reveal the dynamic distortion of the planar Ni-N4 to an out-of-plane configuration with expanded Ni-N bond during operating CO2 electroreduction. The potential-driven low-valance-state Ni-N4 possesses enhanced intrinsic electrokinetics for CO2 activation and CO desorption yet inhibiting hydrogen evolution. The favorable electronic and interfacial reaction environments, resulted from the in situ tailored Ni site and IPCF@CS support, achieve an FE of near 100% at 540mAcm-2, a TOF of 55.5 s-1, and a SPCE of 89.2% in acidic CO2-to-CO electrolysis.

A Recombinant Human Collagen and RADA-16 Fusion Protein Promotes Hemostasis and Rapid Wound Healing.

In this study, we designed a fusion protein, rhCR, by combining human collagen with the self-assembling peptide RADA-16 using genetic engineering technology. The rhCR protein was successfully expressed in Pichia pastoris. The rhCR can self-assemble into a three-dimensional nanofiber network under physiological conditions. The lyophilized rhCR sponge exhibited high elasticity modulus and stable swelling properties. In vitro experiments confirmed that the rhCR had good biocompatibility and could significantly promote the adhesion, proliferation, and migration of fibroblasts (L929), upregulating the expression of genes such as Vim, Fgf, Vegf, and Tgf-β3 in L929 cells. When applied to a mouse liver hemorrhage model, rhCR hemostatic sponges rapidly formed nanofibers on the ruptured liver surface, activated platelet CD62P, and significantly reduced blood loss and bleeding duration compared to the recombinant human collagen (rhCol) alone. Furthermore, the rhCR application markedly accelerated wound healing in a mouse full-thickness skin defect model, with the wound healing rate in the rhCR group being 2.6 times that of the untreated group and 1.7 times that of the rhCol group on day 6 postinjury. Histological and immunofluorescence analyses revealed that the rhCR promoted collagen deposition and epidermal regeneration and improved the quality of skin tissue repair by stimulating tissue cells to produce cytokines, growth factors, and immune factors through immunological regulation. The rhCR fusion protein combines the advantages of collagen and RADA-16, overcoming the limitations of their separate use in hemostatic and tissue engineering applications. This biomaterial and its design idea hold promise for a variety of regenerative applications.

Multiscale Structural Strong yet Tough Triboelectric Materials Enabled by In Situ Microphase Separation

AbstractLightweight green polymer materials with exceptional toughness, high strength, and excellent ductility represent ideal candidates for enabling next‐generation sustainable flexible electronics. However, the conflicting properties of material strength and toughness present a significant challenge in achieving an optimal combination of both attributes. In this study, a strong yet tough polymeric triboelectric material is prepared by constructing a multiscale reinforced network based on a nonsolvent‐induced microphase separation strategy. The synergistic enhancement of strength and toughness is achieved by reinforcing non‐covalent interactions within the polymer and constructing nanofibrous networks. The resulting triboelectric materials exhibited remarkable fracture toughness (78.6 MJ m−3), high tensile strength (42.5 MPa), an improvement in triboelectric output (71%), and promising recyclability. The integrated triboelectric wearable sensor maintained robust output signals. This study provides a novel solution for coordinating the conflicts between strength and toughness in heterogeneous polymer materials, showing significant potential in expanding their applications in flexible electronics and self‐powered sensing technologies.

Broad‐spectrum corrosion‐resistant nanofiltration membranes via reactive site‐bridged nanofibrous network

AbstractTraditional nanofiltration membranes often struggle to maintain stability in harsh environments due to issues like swelling, chemical bond dissociation, and polymer chain creep. Fluoropolymers like poly(ethylene‐chlorotrifluoroethylene) (ECTFE) are promising substrate candidates for broad‐spectrum corrosion‐resistant nanofiltration (CRNF) membranes, but their solvent insolubility and hydrophobicity present significant processing challenges. This study harnesses the electrospinnability and abundant reactive sites of polyvinyl alcohol to create a reactive site‐bridged nanofibrous network. This network provides reactive sites to decorate the hydrophobic ECTFE substrate and bridges the molecular selective layer through aldolization, Schiff base reactions, and esterification. The resulting robust thin‐film nanofibrous composite membranes exhibit high rejection rates for small molecular dyes under a variety of harsh conditions, including exposure to 10 wt% H2SO4, 1 M NaOH, ethanol, N,N‐dimethylformamide, N‐methylpyrrolidone, and 80°C solutions. This work paves the way for designing next‐generation broad‐spectrum CRNF membranes, enhancing their applicability in diverse harsh environments.

Ultrashort Peptide Hydrogels Biomaterials with Potent Antibacterial Activity.

For the past few decades, ultrashort peptide hydrogels have been at the forefront of biomaterials due to their unique properties like biocompatibility, tunable mechanical properties, and potent antibacterial activity. These ultrashort peptides self-assemble into a hydrogel matrix with nanofibrous networks. In this minireview, we have explored the design and self-assembly of these ultrashort peptide hydrogels by focusing on their antibacterial properties. Cationic and hydrophobic residues are incorporated to engineer the peptides, facilitating interaction with bacterial membranes and leading to membrane disruption and cell death. The hydrogels exhibit broad-spectrum antibacterial activity against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. Overall, this minireview highlights the potential of ultrashort peptide hydrogels as versatile and practical antibacterial biomaterials, providing a novel approach to combating bacterial infections and addressing the growing challenge of antibiotic resistance.

Pulp regeneration using a peptide nanofiber artificial scaffold on animal models: A preliminary study.

In regenerative endodontic procedures (REPs), it is crucial to find effective materials. This study introduces glycosaminoglycan (GAG) mimetic peptide amphiphile (PA, GAG-PA) and K-PA nanofibers, synthesized to emulate sulfated GAGs, aiming to enhance tissue repair within damaged pulp - an area where standardized protocols are currently lacking. The objective of this study was to investigate the regenerative potential of GAG-PA nanofibers in REP. Heparan sulfate mimicking PAs was designed to develop a bioactive nanofibrous supramolecular system. The cavities on the mesial surfaces of the first upper molars of 8 rats (4 rats in the study group and 4 in the control group) were prepared, and the pulps were perforated. Then, the material was applied onto the dental pulp, and the cavities were closed with a self-curing glass ionomer cement filling material. Physiological saline was used in the control group. Thirty days after application, the teeth were extracted, and the formation of regenerative tissue sections in the pulp was evaluated using hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining and Masson's trichrome staining. After 30 days, H&E staining demonstrated robust tissue regeneration in the implanted region, with minimal neutrophil infiltration. Masson's trichrome staining confirmed reparative dentin formation. Quantitative analysis revealed a regeneration percentage of 85% in the study group, compared to 80% in the control group. Statistical analysis showed no significant difference in regeneration between the groups (p > 0.05). Our comprehensive study, utilizing GAG-PA and K-PA nanofibers, demonstrated successful synthesis, characterization and formation of nanofiber networks. The in vivo experiment with rats exhibited substantial tissue regeneration with quantifiable results supporting the efficacy of the nanofiber approach. Statistical analysis confirmed the consistency between the study and control groups, emphasizing the potential of these nanofibers in endodontic tissue regeneration applications.

Biomimetic three-dimensional scaffolds with aligned electrospun nanofibers and enlarged pores for enhanced cardiac cell colonization

Among the wide range of biomimetic scaffolds, those made of aligned nanofibers represent an important class for tissue engineering applications, and particularly for cardiac repair. Electrospinning is a powerful technique allowing the fabrication of scaffolds with aligned nanofibers. However, the resulting morphology is characterized by low porosity and small pore size due to the formation of a compact structure of aligned fibers preventing cell colonization inside the scaffold. In the present work, supported by numerical simulation, it is demonstrated that when optimal electrostatic interactions occur during the simultaneous deposition of electrospun nanofibers and electrosprayed microparticles on a collector rotating at high speed, a 3D structured scaffold is obtained. Thanks to a self-organization mechanism, islands of microparticles intercalate inside a network of loosely packed and highly aligned nanofibers. In the case of poly(lactic acid) electrospinning and poly(glycerol sebacate)/cyclodextrin electrospraying, the resulting 3D biomimetic scaffold, deeply investigated by X-ray microtomography and mechanical characterization, shows an open porosity with enlarged interconnected pores with a mechanical behavior mimicking that of cardiac tissue. Finally, after functionalizing the fiber surface using laminin, it is shown an efficient 3D colonization of cardiac cells through a network of aligned nanofibers.

Strong and tough bioplastics prepared by in-situ polymerization of ε-caprolactone-oligomers in lignocellulosic nanofiber network.

Cellulose biocomposites have emerged as attractive alternatives to fossil-based plastics because of their excellent renewability and biodegradability; however, their water resistance and mechanical properties remain challenging. Herein, a cellulose- containing bioplastic with high a reinforcement content, water stability, and toughness is reported. Lignin-containing cellulose nanofibers (LCNF) were prepared by pretreating eucalyptus wood powder with a deep eutectic solvent and high-pressure homogenization. Then, the pre-synthesized ε-caprolactone oligomers were in-situ polymerized in LCNF. The interaction of LCNF with ε-caprolactone-oligomers in the LCNF-crosslinked polycaprolactone (LCNF-PCL) bioplastic resulted in excellent mechanical properties (tensile strength: 76.59 MPa; toughness: 9.82 MJ m-3). The LCNF-PCL bioplastic also demonstrated excellent water stability (wet tensile strength: 34.21 MPa; water absorption: <5 %), thermal stability, and UV protection. This approach may provide a potential method for utilizing lignocellulosic resources to develop environmentally friendly bioplastics with good toughness and water stability.

Elucidating the efficacious capacitive deionization defluorination behaviors of heteroatom-doped hierarchical porous carbon nanofibers membrane

Heteroatom-doped porous carbons, particularly those incorporating nitrogen functionalities, demonstrate exceptional electrochemical properties advantageous for capacitive deionization (CDI) defluorination. Nevertheless, the underlying mechanism of fluoride removal remains inadequately understood, warranting comprehensive investigation to facilitate the practical implementation of CDI technology. Herein, a novel nitrogen-doped hierarchical porous carbon nanofiber membrane (HPCNM) derived from a hydrochloric acid etched FeNi3@CNFs (FeNi3 alloy encapsulated within carbon nanofibers) network was reasonably designed and synthesized for CDI defluorination. The HPCNM electrode exhibited superior defluorination capabilities, attributed to its distinctive hierarchical porosity and compositional architecture. The novel material achieves remarkable performance metrics, including a defluorination capacity of 58.38 mg g−1, rapid ion removal kinetics (0.97 mg g−1 min−1), and maintained efficiency throughout 20 operational cycles. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations indicate that nitrogen-doped carbon (NC) preferentially adsorbs fluoride, exhibiting the lowest adsorption energy. Fluoride interacts with NC through a combination of weak covalent bonds and van der Waals forces. Its inherent electronegativity, hardness, and high electrophilicity index, contrasted with low softness and nucleophilicity, facilitate the selective adsorption. Furthermore, an optimized NC electrode, operating at 1.2 V in simulated industrial wastewater, achieved fluoride removal compliant with national standards, demonstrating its practical applicability for treating contaminated effluent. These findings advance the understanding of selective fluoride removal, contributing to the development of targeted electrodes for industrial applications.

Development of a tumor organoid culture system with peptide-based hydrogels

Peptide-based hydrogel, the polymer materials with a special network structure, are widely used in various fields of biomedicine due to their stable properties and biocompatibility. Environment-responsive self-assembled peptide aqueous solutions can respond to environment changes by the self-assembly of peptides into nanofiber networks. Peptide-based hydrogels well simulate the extracellular matrix and cell growth microenvironment, being suitable for 3D cell culture and organoid culture. To establish a tumor organoid culture system with peptide-based hydrogels, we cultured Panc-1, U87, and H358 cells in a 3D spherical manner using CulX Ⅱ peptide-based hydrogels in 24-well plates for 15 days. The organoids showed a 3D spherical shape, and their sizes increased with the extension of the culture time, with a final diameter ranging from 150 to 300 μm. The organoids had a large number, varying sizes, good cell viability, clear edges, and a good shape, which indicated successful organoid construction. The tumor organoid culture system established in this study with CulX Ⅱ peptide-based hydrogels provides a model for studying tumor pathogenesis, drug development, and tumor suppression.

Enabling Separator Modification with Sulfiphilic CoTe2 Sites on Electrospun Carbon Nanofibers for High-Performance Lithium-Sulfur Batteries

Lithium-sulfur batteries (LSBs) have been recognized as a promising candidate for next generation electrochemical energy-storage technologies owing to their unparalleled theoretical capacity and energy density compared to conventional lithium-ion batteries. However, the sluggish redox kinetics of the electrochemistry and the formidable dissolution of polysulfides during cycling lead to poor sulfur utilization, serious polarization, cyclic instability, and hazardous Li corrosion/dendrites issues. Herein, cobalt tellurides and carbon nanofibers composites (CoTe2@CNFs) were designed, synthesized by facial electrospinning, and applied to modify the separator of Li–S batteries, providing a viable solution for these challenges. The composites feature polar CoTe2 nanoparticles embedded in each carbon nanofiber, and the carbon nanofibers intertwine with each other to form an interconnected 3D nanofiber network. The sulfiphilic CoTe2 nanoparticles exhibit dual functionality, as they both strongly interact with soluble polysulfides and dynamically facilitate polysulfide redox reactions. Moreover, the 3D nanofiber network not only provides an additional physical barrier to lithium polysulfides (LiPSs) but also enables uniform sulfur distribution, thereby significantly inhibiting LiPSs shuttling and accelerating sulfur conversion reactions. In summary, the functionally modified separator synergistically works as both redox mediators, catalyzing the sulfur conversion, and a buffer layer, regulating Li ions stripping/deposition behaviors. This work has provided a new avenue for designing nanomaterials with synergistic effect of catalytic conversion and chemisorption of polysulfides to promote high-performance Li-S batteries. Furthermore, it is expected to inspire the engineering of novel material architectures with enhanced properties for various energy-storage devices.

Frontispiece: Simultaneously Strengthening and Toughening All‐Natural Structural Materials via 3D Nanofiber Network Interfacial Design

Frontispiece: Simultaneously Strengthening and Toughening All‐Natural Structural Materials via 3D Nanofiber Network Interfacial Design

Silk Nanofibers/Carbon Nanotube Conductive Aerogel.

Natural silk nanofibers (SNF) are attractive conductive substrates due to their high aspect ratio, outstanding mechanical strength, excellent biocompatibility, and controllable degradability. However, the inherently non-conductivity severely restricts the potential sensor application of SNF-based aerogels. In this work, the conductive nanofibrous aerogels with low-density achieved through freeze-drying by dispersing carbon nanotubes (CNT) into SNF suspension. The addition of CNT significantly increases the conductivity with improved mechanical properties of composite aerogels. SEM results reveal that the distinct hierarchical structure comprising micropores and nanofibrous networks within the pores is formed when CNT content reached 30%. Furthermore, increased cell viability suggested the excellent biocompatibility of SNF-CNT-based conductive aerogel for tissue-engineering applications. Subsequently, the elastic water-borne polyurethane (WPU) is incorporated to SNF-CNT system to construct aerogel with good sensing properties. The introduction of WPU demonstrates enhanced compressive performances and an exceptionally high elastic recovery ratio of 99.8%, thereby exhibiting a stable and lossless strain-sensing signal output at 5% strain. This study provides a feasible choice and strategy for exploring the potential application of SNF in functional aerogels.

Construction of flexible magnetic carbon nanofibers by core-shell MOF derivatives for optimizing microwave absorption

Although carbon fibers have significant dielectric loss, poor impedance matching often results in a narrow effective absorption bandwidth, which in turn induces unsatisfactory microwave absorption (MA). The composition and microstructure are remarkably critical factors in order to optimize the MA performance. Herein, the flexible magnetic carbon nanofibers (CoFe@CNFs) were prepared based on one-dimensional carbon nanofibers and core-shell MOF derivatives by electrospinning technology and subsequent high-temperature heat treatment. The integration of core-shell ZIF-67@ CoFe-PBA derivatives, the three-dimensionalconductive network of carbon nanofibers and the synergistic magnetic loss and dielectric loss significantly optimizes the impedance matching, which enables the CoFe@CNFs to simultaneously achieve favorable MA performance and lightweight characteristics. The CoFe@CNFs show a minimum reflection loss value of −47.9 dB and the maximum effective absorption bandwidth of 6.5 GHz when the filling ratio is only 7.5 wt%. In addition, the complex composition and unique microstructure endow the composites with excellent flexibility. This work provides a meaningful guidance for constructing lightweight MA materials with broadband absorption characteristics.

Incorporation of Fe/FeOx Nanoparticles into Interlinked N-Doped Porous Carbon Nanofiber Networks to Realizing Sequential Catalytic Conversion of Lithium-Sulfur Batteries.

Lithium-sulfur (Li-S) batteries (LSBs) with energy density (2600 Wh/kg) much higher than typical Li-ion batteries (150-300 Wh/kg) have received considerable attention. However, the insulation nature of solid sulfur species and the high activation barrier of lithium polysulfides (LiPSs) lead to slow sulfur redox kinetics. By the introduction of catalytic materials, the effective adsorption of LiPSs, and significantly reduced conversion, energy barriers are expected to be achieved, thereby sharpening electrochemical reaction kinetics and fundamentally addressing these challenges. In this work, a multifunctional catalyst consisting of highly dispersed heterostructure Fe-Fe2O3 nanoparticles was synthesized and introduced to the LSB. Experimental and theoretical analyses revealed that the spontaneous interfacial charge redistribution, resulting in moderate polysulfide adsorption, facilitates the transfer of polysulfides and diffusion of electrons at heterogeneous interfaces. This catalyst achieves sequential catalytic processes on polysulfides with different components. Furthermore, the reduced conversion energy barriers enhanced the catalytic activity of Fe/Fe2O3-NG for expediting LiPS conversion. Consequently, the battery exhibited long-term stability for 300 cycles with 0.03% capacity decay per cycle at 5C. This work provides in-depth insight into the fundamental design principles of effective catalysts for LSBs.

Active biodegradable bacterial cellulose films with potential to minimize the plastic pollution: Preparation, antibacterial application, and mechanism

Petroleum-based films have triggered a serious global pollution crisis because they are difficult to recycle, degrade, and reuse. Developing alternative sustainable active films represents a powerful strategy to address these issues. Here, a multifunctional biodegradable bacterial cellulose (BC) film incorporated with guanidine-based polymer (PHGH)/gallic acid (GA) was constructed (termed OBC-PHGH/GA). The resulting OBC-PHGH/GA film exhibited a highly interweaved nanofiber network structure with excellent tensile strength and ductility. The OBC-PHGH/GA film showed an excellent antibacterial effect against Escherichia coli (E. coli) and Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) with inhibition efficiencies of ∼99.99 % compared with the OBC film. Moreover, the as-prepared film showed excellent UV-shielding, antioxidant, and antifungal activities, showing great potential in food packaging. More importantly, the OBC-PHGH/GA film can be degraded into safe and reusable sugars, demonstrating outstanding environmental friendliness and sustainability. This work provides a promising and unique strategy for designing and fabricating green active packaging materials.

Unlocking self-discharge: Unveiling the mysteries of electrode-free Zn-MnO2 batteries with advanced in situ techniques in mild acid aqueous electrolytes

We introduce a novel approach to Zinc-MnO2 battery architecture utilizing a 3D network of carbon nanofibers as both current collector and electrode material, promising enhanced performance and longevity for large-scale energy storage. Employing mild aqueous electrolytes, we address the challenge of managing self-discharge, crucial for short-term energy storage. Advanced coupled characterization techniques, including in-situ EQCM (Electrochemical Quartz Crystal Microbalance) and high-resolution optical microscopy, elucidate self-discharge mechanisms across over multiple length scales. Findings reveal that the self-discharge is mainly at the zinc electrode due to concomitant dissolution of Zinc (corrosion) and HER (Hydrogen Evolution Reaction) phenomena. Interestingly, the corrosion current was estimated irrespective of charging protocol and remains consistent, indicating the independence of zinc corrosion kinetics from the length scale. Finally, the morphology of the zinc layer appears to be critical, suggesting that self-discharge is primarily a chemical process. This innovative design strategy offers the potential for high-performance Zinc-MnO2 batteries with extended cycle life to meet the requirements of large-scale energy storage applications.

Production and analysis of synthesized bacterial cellulose by Enterococcus faecalis strain AEF using Phoenix dactylifera and Musa acuminata fruit extracts.

Bacterial cellulose (BC) is a highly versatile biopolymer renowned for its exceptional mechanical strength, water retention, and biocompatibility. These properties make it a valuable material for various industrial and biomedical applications. In this study, Enterococcus faecalis synthesized extracellular BC, utilizing Phoenix dactylifera and Musa acuminata fruit extracts as sustainable carbon sources. LC-MS analysis identified glucose as the primary carbohydrate in these extracts, providing a suitable substrate for BC production. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) revealed a network of BC nanofibers on Congo red agar plates. ATR-FTIR spectroscopy confirmed the presence of characteristic cellulose functional groups, further supporting BC synthesis. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis indicated a high crystallinity index of 71%, consistent with the cellulose I structure, as evidenced by peaks at 16.22°, 21.46°, 22.52°, and 34.70°. Whole-genome sequencing of E. faecalis identified vital genes involved in BC biosynthesis, including bcsA, bcsB, diguanylate cyclase (DGC), and 6-phosphofructokinase (pfkA). Antibiotic susceptibility tests revealed resistance to cefotaxime, ceftazidime, and ceftriaxone, while susceptibility to imipenem was observed. Quantitative assessment demonstrated that higher concentrations of fruit extracts (5.0-20mg/mL) significantly enhanced BC production. Cytotoxicity testing via the MTT assay confirmed excellent biocompatibility with NIH/3T3 fibroblast cells, showing high cell viability (97-105%). Unlike commonly studied Gram-negative bacteria like Acetobacter xylinum for BC production, this research focuses on Gram-positive Enterococcus faecalis and utilizes Phoenix dactylifera and Musa acuminata fruit extracts as carbon sources. This approach offers a sustainable and promising avenue for BC production.