Polyurethane/clay nanocomposite (PUCN) filaments were spun by the dry‐jet‐wet spinning method. To prepare thePUCNfilaments, 0.25, 0.50 and 1% of nanoclay on the weight of polyurethane were incorporated in the polyurethane dope. The interaction between clay and polyurethane was analysed by attenuated total reflectance–Fourier Transform‐infrared (ATR‐FTIR) spectroscopy. The structure and morphology of thePUCNfilaments were analysed by wide‐angle X‐ray diffraction (WAXD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Both the neat polyurethane and thePUCNfilaments were dyed with different acid, basic and reactive dyes. The neat polyurethane filaments exhibited poor dyeability with all three classes of dyes. By contrast, thePUCNfilaments showed a significantly higher dye uptake with all of the dyes used. Furthermore, the dye uptake increased significantly as the percentage of clay in the filaments increased, as indicated by the increase in theK/Svalues of the dyed filaments. The dyeing mechanism with all three dyes, as well as the increased dyeability of thePUNCfilaments in comparison to those of the neat polyurethane filaments, was discussed.