Preparation Of Nanocapsules Research Articles

Effective thermal management enabled by encapsulation of phase change myristic acid in silica shells for coatings: Experimental and molecular dynamics studies

In order to alleviate the energy crisis and improve energy savings while ensuring the thermal reliability of the material, a commonly used method is the preparation of silica phase change nanocapsules. However, most of the current studies are more concerned with enhancing the thermal conductivity of silica phase change nanocapsules. On the contrary, few studies have been reported on decreasing the thermal conductivity of silica phase change nanocapsules. In general, silica phase change nanocapsules with reduced thermal conductivity have great potential for application in building materials. Therefore, we prepare three different MA/SiO2 nanocapsule samples by sol-gel method using myristic acid (MA) as the phase change core and silica (SiO2) as the shell layer. MA/SiO2 has a well-defined spherical morphology and MA is successfully encapsulated by SiO2. MA improves the thermal storage capacity of silica nanocapsules, with the highest melting enthalpy of 144.6 J/g, corresponding to an encapsulation ratio of 74.8 % and a minimum thermal conductivity of 0.219 W/(m•K). Silica phase change nanocapsules have good thermal stability, and the maximum temperature difference between the upper surface of the uncoated and coated substrates is about 10.2 °C, which can play an important role in preventing heat exchange, demonstrating excellent thermal insulation and temperature control capabilities. In addition, the thermal mechanism of silica phase change nanocapsules is affected by the interfacial nanolayers, and we perform molecular dynamics simulations from an atomic point of view to further analyze the thermal mechanism. Simulation results show that the thermal conductivity of silica phase change nanocapsules is affected by the silica phonon diffusion channel, the resonance of the carbon backbone with the acid root in myristic acid, and the thermal resistance at the interface between SiO2 and MA.

Preparation and characterization of nanocapsules with the acid fraction of potato protein by electrospraying

Preparation and characterization of nanocapsules with the acid fraction of potato protein by electrospraying

Morphology Control of Polymer-Inorganic Hybrid Nanomaterials Prepared in Miniemulsion: From Solid Particles to Capsules.

The preparation of so-called hybrid nanomaterials has been widely developed in terms of functional and morphological complexity. However, the specific control of the arrangement of organic and inorganic species, which determines the properties of the final material, still remains a challenge. This article offers a review of the strategies that have been used for the preparation of polymer-inorganic hybrid nanoparticles and nanocapsules via processes involving miniemulsions. Different polymer-inorganic nanostructures are classified into four main groups according to the sequential order followed between the synthesis of the polymer and the inorganic species, and the presence or not of their counterpart precursors. The minimization of the energy of the system governs the self-assembly of the different material components and can be addressed by the miniemulsion formulation to reduce the interfacial tensions between the phases involved. The state of the art in the preparation of hybrid nanoparticles is reviewed, offering insight into the structural possibilities allowed by miniemulsion as a versatile synthetic technique.

Ultrasound-Assisted Preparation of Hyaluronic Acid-Based Nanocapsules with an Oil Core.

Liquid-core nanocapsules (NCs) coated with amphiphilic hyaluronic acid (AmHA) have been proposed for the preparation of drug and food formulations. Herein, we focused on the use of ultrasound techniques to (i) optimize the polysaccharide chain length with respect to the properties of NCs stabilized with AmHAs and (ii) form oil-core nanocapsules with a coating composed of AmHAs. The results indicate that sonication is a convenient and effective method that allows for a controlled reduction in HA molecular weight. The initial (H-HA) and degraded (L-HA) polysaccharides were then reacted with dodecylamine to obtain hydrophobic HA derivatives (HA-C12s). Then, NCs were prepared based on HA-C12s using ultrasound-assisted emulsification of glyceryl triacetate oil. The nanocapsules coated with L-HA-C12 showed greater stability compared to the longer-chain polysaccharide. Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations revealed that HA-C12 readily adsorbs at the water-oil interphase, adopting a more compact conformation compared to that in the aqueous phase. The dodecyl groups are immersed in the oil droplet, while the main polysaccharide chain remaining in the aqueous phase forms hydrogen bonds or water bridges with the polar part of the triglycerides, thus increasing the stability of the NC. Our research underscores the usefulness of ultrasound technology in preparing suitable formulations of bioactive substances.

Self-Assembly of Silole-Based Aggregation-Induced Emission Compounds with Green Fluorescent Protein under Physiological Conditions for Traceable and Versatile Drug Delivery.

Biomacromolecules are viewed as promising drugs due to their specific functions in biological processes, biocompatibility, and pharmacological efficacy. Injective administration, chosen to avoid intestinal barriers, may in turn lead to immediate decay in the circulation system, unreliable targeting performance, or the induction of immune responses. For some biomacromolecules, chemically modified proteins have been developed for practical use. Various cargo or carrier systems are under development but have been delayed by technical difficulties. We present self-assembled nanocapsules with diameters ranging from 100 to 500 nm that can be deployed in physiological buffers to enclose various substances present in the buffers at the same time. Our amphiphilic nanocapsule, consisting of silole-core dendrimer products as the hydrophobic part and green fluorescent protein (GFP) derivatives as the hydrophilic part, connects and assembles spontaneously when mixed in solutions while engulfing dissolved or dispersed compounds together in a dose-dependent manner and shows unique optical characteristics because the dendrimer products exhibit aggregation-induced emission. Furthermore, the emission of the dendrimer causes considerable fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) to GFP derivatives upon association. We could easily monitor assemblies by FRET states and particle sizes and have confirmed a stable presence in the buffer for at least a month. Further tracking of nanocapsules by fluorescence confirmed efficient uptake into some cancer cells. Nanocapsules based on GFP variants with or without a cell-surface-specific tag demonstrated that the tag improved the potential for specific targeted delivery. There were also indications that the nanocapsules became unstable after cellular uptake in the intracellular environment. We report here the simple preparation of traceable, stable, and biocompatible self-assembled nanocapsules as the basis for a versatile drug delivery system.

Preparation of SiO2-IR3535 mosquito repellent nanocapsules and its performance study

The exploration of functional textiles signifies an inexorable path in the future advancement of the textile industry. In this study, sol-gel method was employed to encapsulate IR3535, a mosquito repellent substance, into silica nanocapsules, resulting in the production of silica-ethyl butylacetylaminopropionate (SiO2-IR3535) mosquito repellent nanocapsules with effective mosquito repellency. By manipulating factors such as surfactant dosage, ammonia dosage, wall-to-core ratio, alcohol-to-water ratio, rotational speed, reaction time, and reaction temperature, during the preparation process, the particle size was cpntrolled and optimal conditions for subsequent spining processes was obtained. The prepared SiO2-IR3535 mosquito-repellent nanocapsules exhibited uniform appearance and morphology with consistent size distribution (average particle size: 342 nm). In addition, these nanocapsules exhibited enhanced heat resistance and an oil loading rate of about 13 % as confirmed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), dynamic light scattering (DLS), infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Raman spectroscopic simultaneous thermal analysis (STA), and elemental analyses, and kinetic modeling was performed to fit the release profiles of these capsules. Additionally, SiO2-IR3535 nanocapsules were added into polypropylene fiber by melt spinning method, the prepared polypropylene fiber has been uniformly dispersed both internally and externally within the fiber, thereby it can provide a sustained mosquito-repellent effect to the polypropylene fiber with SiO2-IR3535 nanocapsules.

Morphological Analysis of Nanocapsules Processed based on Deer Antler Extract

The research work is devoted to the acquisition of nanocapsules, which are one of the drug delivery systems, and their morphological analysis. In modern times, the development of new drug delivery systems from natural raw materials in the treatment and prevention of diseases of various origins is considered a priority issue of pharmacy. From this point of view, the preparation and analysis of nanocapsules based on the extract from the studied deer antlers is of great importance. As a result of the morphological analysis of nanocapsules prepared from deer antlers grown in the climatic conditions of Azerbaijan, carrageenan-coated nanocapsules have sizes 118.3-243.6 nm in SEM, 10-248 nm in TEM, and tragacanth-coated nanocapsules have sizes 33.15-224.1 nm in SEM, TEM was determined to be 15-254 nm. During numerous studies, it was determined that nanocapsules prepared with tracagant proved to be more intense and more stable. Researches were carried out in the pharmaceutical technology laboratory of Azerbaijan Medical University and AHTARC (DAYTAM) of Atatürk University of the Republic of Turkey. As a result of the conducted research, it was clear that the use of nanocapsules developed by an effective technological method from deer antlers, which has sufficient raw material reserves in Azerbaijan, is considered appropriate for future treatment of diseases in oncology, infertility, osteoarthritis, cardiovascular, and nervous system.

Preparation of mussel-inspired adhesion nanocapsules and their application on cotton fabrics

In this study, a hyperbranched polymer (HBP) with a hydrophobic backbone and hydrophilic adhesive catechol side chains was synthesized through the Michael addition reaction between multi-vinyl monomers with dopamine. Underwater adhesion experiments demonstrated that HBP had rapidly strong adhesion. Using HBP as the wall material and lavender essential oil (LO) as the core material, catechol-hyperbranched nanocapsules (CHNPs) with good adhesion and acidic responsive properties were prepared by solvent evaporation method. Subsequently, ACFs with good wash resistance were prepared by impregnation and further introduction of Fe3+. After 25 washing cycles, the retention rate of LO in CF treated solely with CHNPs solution (CHNPs@CF) was only 9.7 %, whereas the retention rate increased to 17.8 % for CHNPs@CF treated with FeCl3 solution (Fe3+/CHNPs@CF). The persistent adhesion of CHNPs on cotton fabrics (CF) is achieved by hydrogen bonding and Fe3+-catechol coordination bonding. These results confirm the significant potential of CHNPs in aromatic textile applications and it is expected to promote the diversified development of functional textiles.

Preparation of inorganic oil-containing carbon nanocapsules and tribological properties of PA6 composites

Oil-containing polymer composites have garnered significant attention in the field of tribology due to their remarkable environmental stability and outstanding self-lubricating performance. It is important to develop an oil-containing polymer composite with excellent self-lubricating properties and mechanical properties. In this study, we successfully synthesized hollow mesoporous carbon nanospheres (HMCNs) with a particle size of about 200 nm and explored the key factors affecting their preparation. Subsequently, an impregnation technique was employed to create oil-containing nanocapsules (Oil@C) by using PAO40 lubricant as core material and HMCNs as wall material. Self-lubricating PAO40@HMCNs nanocapsules have an oil content of approximately 51.6 wt%. The unique mesoporous structure of HMCNs facilitates the controlled release of lubricants. During friction, the Oil@C in the polymer composites continuously provided lubricant to the worn surface, resulting in a remarkable 72.8 % reduction in the coefficient of friction and an 83.2 % decrease in wear rate. Analysis of the friction pair revealed that the PAO40 lubricant released from the nanocapsules played a crucial role in improving the tribological properties of the composites. The prepared PA6 composites exhibit outstanding tribological and self-lubricating properties, making them promising candidates for applications in mechanical parts, such as self-lubricating slide bearings.

Preparation and Investigation of Sustained-Release Nanocapsules Containing Cumin Essential Oil for Their Bacteriostatic Properties.

Cumin essential oil chitosan nanocapsules (CENPs) were prepared through the ionic gelation method by blending chitosan (CS) with cumin essential oil (CEO) in different proportions (1:0.8, 1:1, 1:2, 1:3, 1:4). Subsequently, these nanocapsules were characterized and evaluated for their antibacterial properties to determine the optimal cumin essential oil encapsulation and antibacterial efficacy. The outcomes demonstrated that the highest encapsulation efficiency of CENPs was 52%, achieved with a 1:3 CS/CEO ratio. At this point, the nanoparticles had the smallest particle size (584.67 nm) and a regular spherical distribution in the emulsion. Moreover, the CENPs could release the encapsulated CEOs slowly, leading to efficient inhibition of E. coli and L. monocytogenes over a relatively extended period (24-36 h) compared to the CS and CEO. This research offers a promising approach for the use of nanocapsules in food preservation.

Further Improvement Based on Traditional Nanocapsule Preparation Methods: A Review.

Nanocapsule preparation technology, as an emerging technology with great development prospects, has uniqueness and superiority in various industries. In this paper, the preparation technology of nanocapsules was systematically divided into three categories: physical methods, chemical methods, and physicochemical methods. The technological innovation of different methods in recent years was reviewed, and the mechanisms of nanocapsules prepared via emulsion polymerization, interface polymerization, layer-by-layer self-assembly technology, nanoprecipitation, supercritical fluid, and nano spray drying was summarized in detail. Different from previous reviews, the renewal iteration of core-shell structural materials was highlighted, and relevant illustrations of their representative and latest research results were reviewed. With the continuous progress of nanocapsule technology, especially the continuous development of new wall materials and catalysts, new preparation technology, and new production equipment, nanocapsule technology will be used more widely in medicine, food, cosmetics, pesticides, petroleum products, and many other fields.

Preparation and characterization of mangiferin-loaded lipid nanocapsules

Preparation and characterization of mangiferin-loaded lipid nanocapsules

Effect of nanocapsules and extract of Metarhizium anisopliae in inhibiting acetylcholine esterase enzyme in Musca domestica larvae.

M. domestica is the most important insect that transmit pathogens for diseases in the world. The use of nanotechnology is eco-friendly method in control pests. The study aims to investigate the feasibility of bio-manufacturing nanocapsules of fungal secondary metabolites in order to improve the efficiency of metabolite and assess their inhibitory effect on the acetylcholine esterase enzyme in housefly larvae. An equal mixture of organic solvents, ethyl acetate and dichloromethane, was used to extract the metabolic products of the fungus M. anisopliae, (PEG4000) and chitosan was used in the preparation of nanocapsules. The results of the DLS granular size assay showed that the size of the extract particles and the size of the chitosan and (PEG 4000) nanocapsules were 610, 217 and 188 nm, respectively. The SEM images showed that the diameter of the extract and the nanocapsules chitosan and polyethylene glycol 4000 reached a rate 547.5, 17.8 and 26.2 nm, respectively. The FTIR showed that the extract of the second products of the fungus contains functional groups like: alkynes and alkenes, amines, carboxyl and aromatic groups, while the presence of groups of phenols, alcohol, amines, alkenes, and alkyl halides was recorded for nanocapsules of chitosan and PEG. The results showed that the extract of fungal metabolic and nanocapsules has an inhibitory effect on acetylcholinesterase enzyme and reached the highest inhibition rate 53.2 ,36.3,18.2% when treated with nanocapsules PEG at a concentration 500 ppm, extract of fungal metabolites at a concentration 50,000 ppm, chitosan nanocapsules at a concentration 500 ppm respectively. It is clear that acetylcholinesterase inhibition is one of the mechanisms of fungi metabolic action and the nanocapsules prepared from them.

Preparation of enzyme-responsive composite nanocapsules with sodium carboxymethyl cellulose to improve the control effect of root-knot nematode disease

Developing an efficient drug delivery system to mitigate the harm caused by root-knot nematodes is crucial. In this study, enzyme-responsive release abamectin nanocapsules (AVB1a NCs) were prepared using 4, 4-diphenylmethane diisocyanate (MDI) and sodium carboxymethyl cellulose as response release factors. The results showed that the average size (D50) of the AVB1a NCs was 352 nm, and the encapsulation efficiency was 92 %. The median lethal concentration (LC50) of AVB1a NCs for Meloidogyne incognita activity was 0.82 mg L−1. Moreover, AVB1a NCs improved the permeability of AVB1a to root-knot nematodes and plant roots and the horizontal and vertical soil mobility. Furthermore, AVB1a NCs greatly reduced the adsorption of AVB1a by the soil compared to AVB1a emulsifiable concentrate (EC), and the effect of the AVB1a NCs on controlling root-knot nematode disease was increased by 36 %. Compared to the AVB1a EC, the pesticide delivery system significantly reduced the acute toxicity to the soil biological earthworms by approximately 16 times that of the AVB1a and had a lower overall impact on the soil microbial communities. This enzyme-responsive pesticide delivery system had a simple preparation method, excellent performance, and high level of safety, and thus has great application potential for plant diseases and insect pests control.

Synthesis and Investigation of Physicochemical and Biological Properties of Films Containing Encapsulated Propolis in Hyaluronic Matrix

The dynamic development of nanotechnology has enabled the development of innovative and novel techniques for the production and use of nanomaterials. One of them is the use of nanocapsules based on biodegradable biopolymer composites. Closing compounds with antimicrobial activity inside the nanocapsule cause the gradual release of biologically active substances into the environment, and the effect on pathogens is regular, prolonged and targeted. Known and used in medicine for years, propolis, thanks to the synergistic effect of active ingredients, has antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory and antiseptic properties. Biodegradable and flexible biofilms were obtained, the morphology of the composite was determined using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and particle size was measured by the dynamic light scattering (DLS) method. Antimicrobial properties of biofoils were examined on commensal skin bacteria and pathogenic Candida isolates based on the growth inhibition zones. The research confirmed the presence of spherical nanocapsules with sizes in the nano/micrometric scale. The properties of the composites were characterized by infrared (IR) and ultraviolet (UV) spectroscopy. It has been proven that hyaluronic acid is a suitable matrix for the preparation of nanocapsules, as no significant interactions between hyaluronan and the tested compounds have been demonstrated. Color analysis and thermal properties, as well as the thickness and mechanical properties of the obtained films, were determined. Antimicrobial properties of the obtained nanocomposites were strong in relation to all analyzed bacterial and yeast strains isolated from various regions of the human body. These results suggest high potential applicability of the tested biofilms as effective materials for dressings to be applied on infected wounds.

A review on the functions, preparation and future aspects of nanocapsules

The nano technology in medicinal field offers many exciting possibilities. Many techniques are being usedtoday. The application of many nanoparticles were developing and these involve the utilization of manufactured nanocapsules to form repairs at cellular level and it’s sometimes refers as nano medicine. Nanocapsules are submicroscopic colloidal drug carrier systems composed of an oily or an aqueous core surrounded by a thin polymer membrane. Two technologies can be used to obtain such nanocapsules: the interfacial polymerization of a monomer or the interfacial nanodeposition of a preformed polymer. In future the nanotechnology can creat many wonders in medical field. Nanotechnology is wonderfull technology that can used in diagnosis and treatment in medical field. This review was aimed to knowing the preparation, new aspects, and the applications of the nanocapsules.

Enhanced photocatalytic degradation property of surfactant-free cobalt oxide nanocapsules on methylene blue dye

The transition metal oxides are emerging materials in solving existing environmental problems of removal of organic dye from the industrial wastes. Out of many transition metal oxides, cobalt oxide is one such potential material of low cost, easy to synthesis, eco-friendly and easily separable from mixtures due to its magnetic property. Herein a facile surfactant-free synthesis route has been adopted for the preparation of Co3O4 nanocapsules (Co 600) which exhibited a better photocatalytic degradation activity. The structure, morphology and optical behaviours were studied by using X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM), ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy (UV–vis) analyses respectively and vibration modes of Co 600 were studied using Raman analysis. The photocatalytic degradation studies of Co 600 on methylene blue (MB) were carried out under ultraviolet (UV) light irradiation. The examined results showed that the Co 600 exhibited narrow band gap of about 1.65 eV which has better photocatalytic degradation activity on MB with degradation efficiency of about 99% in 90 minute with a rate constant of about 0.064. This might be attributed due to enhanced charge separation, charge transfer and the creation of OH– and O2– radicals under UV irradiation. In addition, the samples were easily recovered from the dye solution using an external magnetic field.

Preparation, Characterization and Stability Study of Eugenol-Loaded Eudragit RS100 Nanocapsules for Dental Sensitivity Reduction

Preparation, Characterization and Stability Study of Eugenol-Loaded Eudragit RS100 Nanocapsules for Dental Sensitivity Reduction

Modified Thermosets – A Review

Recent and extensive reports on the development of preparation methods that can lead to obtaining various nanostructured polymeric materials, including the preparation of nanoparticles, nano-capsules, nano-gels, nano-fibres, dendrimers and nano-composites, have been presented in the literature to provide a picture of the complexity of the field, and the diversity of approaching methods. From the data presented by various researchers, it appears that by ensuring a rigorous control of the nano-structuration of polymers and/or by adding nano-particles to the polymer matrices, improvements in structural and functional properties can be achieved in a significant number of polymer systems as a response to the continuous demands of industrial advanced sectors. Until now, most of the studies on polymer blends have been related to the control of their physical and chemical properties, their barrier properties or their electrical conductivity. This paper briefly presents various applications of resins (thermoset polymers) used to synthesize some polymer materials and blends.

Preparation of Wide-Domain pH Color-Changing Nanocapsules and Application in Hydrogel Fibers.

In recent years, there has been an increase in demand for pH color-changing materials. These materials can visually communicate signals to people by connecting pH changes with color information. Embedding pH indicators into fibers to create flexible color-changing materials is an effective way to develop daily wearable products. For the stability of the indicator and the indirect contact of the indicator with the human body, it is usually necessary to encapsulate it in capsules. In this study, different pH indicators (Thymol Blue-TB, Bromocresol Green-BCG, and Bromocresol Purple-BCP) were mixed into a wide-domain pH color-changing indicator and encapsulated with ethyl cellulose (EC) by the flash nanoprecipitation (FNP) method using a new-type droplet-shaped confined impinging jet mixer. The effects of flow rate, core-to-wall ratio, and mixed solution concentration on the formation of the nanocapsules were investigated. In addition, the morphology, particle size, size distribution, dispersion stability, and encapsulation efficiency were systematically studied. At a core-to-wall ratio of 1:2, a mixed solution with a concentration of 6 mg/mL and a feed flow rate of 40 mL/min produced nanocapsules with an average particle size of 141.83 ± 0.98 nm and a PDI of 0.125 ± 0.01. Furthermore, a zeta potential with a range of -31.83 ± 0.23 mV and an encapsulation efficiency of 75.20 ± 1.72% were observed at 1:2 core-to-wall ratios. It was concluded that the color of the nanocapsules continuously changed from yellow to green and green to blue when the pH range was increased from 3 to 10. The color-changing nanocapsules were then embedded into sodium alginate hydrogel fibers, resulting in the same color-changing trend (pH 3-10) as that obtained for the nanocapsules. This study can be useful for the pH monitoring of various body fluids, such as wound exudate, urine, and sweat.