Nano ZnO Research Articles

Synthesis and Application of 3-[3-Phenylpyrazylazo]-2,7-Naphthalendiol for Improved Palladium Determination in Environmental Samples and Enhanced ZnO Nanoparticle Performance

In this study, a spectrophotometric method for the determination of low levels of palladium (II) was developed by forming a complex with the new reagent 3-(3-phenyl pyrazyl azo)-2,7-naphthalendiol (3PPAN). The complex showed maximum absorption at 612 nm with a maximum molar absorptivity of 4.911?104 L/mol/cm, and a linear correlation was established between absorbance and concentration. The accuracy and repeatability of the method were evaluated and found to be precise (RSD 1.22%) and accurate (relative error 0.157%). The method?s selectivity was also tested by evaluating the effect of various ions. The stability constant of the complex was determined to be 2.759?107 L/mol. The method was successfully applied to the determination of Pd (II) ions in environmental samples of water and soil. In addition, the new ligand (3PPAN) was used to improve the properties of nano ZnO through a ligand exchange reaction on nanoparticles.. KEYWORDS :Azo, Palladium, Spectrophotometric, ZnO nanoparticles.

Synthesis and characterization of zinc-titanium oxide nanoparticles blended methylcellulose derived from Albizia tree as an antibacterial natural polymer composite

This paper seeks to synthesize antibacterial green polymeric composites utilizing extracted cellulose, a natural polymer sourced from biomass. The cellulose was obtained from local agricultural waste. Subsequently, the polymeric composites were synthesized, incorporating blends of nano zinc oxide and nano titanium dioxide in varying proportions. All synthesized samples undergo comprehensive characterization and examination through a range of tests encompassing structural and thermal testes. Furthermore, the antibacterial activity of the samples was assessed using the disc diffusion method, enabling the identification of the most effective formulations. The ultimate selection of the optimal composite was based on the collective outcomes of all tests, facilitating its potential utilization across diverse applications. In conclusion, the Albizia tree demonstrates a notable potential for efficient cellulose extraction, making it a viable candidate for such purposes. The cellulose extracted from Albizia tree holds the capability to yield methylcellulose. The bacterial activity assessment of Nano materials highlighted a distinct efficacy in the case of the 75% Nano TiO2 and 25% Nano ZnO mixture. However, it is worth noting that an excessive increment in Nano ZnO content exhibited adverse effects. Thorough thermal analyses verified the thermal stability of methylcellulose.

The Antifungal and Antiviral Activity of Coatings Containing Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles and Verbascum L. or Formitopsis betulina Extracts and Their Influence on the Quality of Strawberries after Storage

The goal of this study was to analyze the antifungal and antiviral activity of coatings based on Formitopsis betulina, Verbascum L. and Uncaria tomentosa extracts with ZnO nanoparticles as active compounds. The other purpose was to investigate the impact of polypropylene bags coated with the obtained antiviral/antifungal coatings on the microbial quality/purity of strawberries. The results of this study showed that the analyzed coatings inhibited Candida albicans growth completely. They did not inhibit the growth of Fusarium oxysporum, but they decreased its number. Additionally, all layers demonstrated a high activity against the Φ 6 bacteriophage particles. Analyzing the microbial purity of the strawberries after storage, it was noticed that the modified bags with Verbascum L. (ZnVL) and F. betulina (ZnFb) extracts and the addition of the nano ZnO had a significant effect on the decrease of the total count and on the number of yeast and mold. After 144 h of storage of the strawberries, the ZnVL coating was found to be more effective than the ZnFb layer. However, after 216 h of storage, ZnVL was more active against yeast and mold, but the packaging covered with the ZnFb coating was more effective against bacteria.

Polyethylene microplastic and nano ZnO Co-exposure: Effects on peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) growth and rhizosphere bacterial community

Microand nano-pollutants are receiving increased research attention. However, the effects of the interactions and co-exposure to these pollutants in soil are yet to be fully elucidated. This work aimed to investigate the effects of co-exposure to polyethylene microplastics (PEMPs) and nano-ZnO (nZnO) in soil on the growth, nutrient uptake, and distribution of the peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) and soil microbial community. Results revealed that 500 mg kg−1 nZnO significantly decreased the dry weight of peanut root, stem, leaf, and fruit by 84.4%, 79.1%, 87.3%, and 95.8%, respectively, compared with the control. Co-exposure treatments significantly alleviated this trend. Co-exposure treatments further decreased Zn concentration in peanuts by 30.3%–58.9% compared with nZnO single exposure. The distribution of Zn in peanut stems also maintained a consistent trend with the concentration and primarily occurred in the vascular bundles near the epidermis. Co-exposure and PE treatments increased the abundance of soil bacteria primarily because many PE particles entered the soil to build more living space for bacteria. These findings showed that composite pollution had a robust disturbing effect on the soil–peanut system, and the two pollutants were primarily physically adsorbed. PE particles can adsorb nZnO and then become the carrier of nanoparticles.

Experimental and theoretical investigation of effect of concentrations of zinc acetate and sodium hydroxide on mechanical strength of chitosan nano ZnO films prepared by one pot procedure

The present paper investigates the effect of concentrations of Zinc Acetate and Sodium hydroxide on mechanical strength of chitosan nano ZnO Films prepared by in-situ method. Novel one pot - green procedure was employed for the synthesis of films. The structural and morphological studies of films were carried out using FTIR- ATR, Powdered XRD and SEM Microscopy. Mechanical strength of all films was determined and compared. The experimental data of the composite films were compared and verified using computational analysis.DFT calculations of the composite film were performed using DFT: B3LYP/LANL2DZ. Electronic properties of composite films were studied with HOMO/LUMO band gap (ΔE) and Molecular electrostatic potential(MESP). Both theoretical and experimental results explicitly demonstrated enhanced mechanical strength of composite films.

Photocatalytic evaluation of disperse purple dye using Polyvinylpyrrolidone capped bare and Cu+2/Fe+3 codoped ZnO nano catalysts

Polyvinylpyrrolidone capped bare zinc oxide and codoped with cupric and ferric ions, have been fabricated by a facile polyol reduction method with ethylene glycol. The as-fabricated nanoparticles were calcinated to control their size and morphology. The fabricated nanoparticles were characterized using various techniques including X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersion X-rays, UV–Vis spectroscopy, and Fourier transform infrared Spectroscopy. The results showed phase pure nanoparticles with wurtzite zinc oxide structure, and a blue shift in absorbance spectrum when zinc oxide was codoped with cupric and ferric ions.The study examined the degradation rate of disperse purple dye using bare and codoped zinc oxide nanoparticles in the solar region. Codoped nanocatalysts showed superior efficiency compared to bare zinc oxide. The kinetic analysis of the dye was conducted, revealing that the degradation of the dye followed a pseudo-first-order kinetics pattern. Furthermore, about 99 % degradation of the dye solution in 110 min by codoped zinc oxide as compared to bare zinc oxide (84 %) under solar light suggests Cu+2/Fe+3 codoped zinc oxide is an emerging tool for environmental remediation.

Enhancement and Evolution of Anti-Bacterial activity of ZnO NPs by doping with Silver

In recent decades nanotechnology received a great importance because of its multidisciplinary role in various fields. Nano ZnO is one of most emerging nano metal oxide has been using in various applications such as fire retard, anti-microbe and anti-wrinkle etc. and showing good performance when doped with Silver. The Pure and Ag doped nano ZnO synthesized were subjected to characterization to know the morphology and physical properties. FTIR analysis was employed for the identification of functional group, X-Ray Diffraction is to identify the crystalline structure, SEM-EDX Analysis employed to know the morphological structure and size of the synthesized nanoparticles and elemental confirmation, and Transmission Electron Microscopy to determine the particle size and shape of synthesized nano particles. The synthesized Pure and Ag doped nano ZnO was screened for their anti-bacterial activity against Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis by disc diffusion method.

Antibacterial Evolution of ZnO Nanoparticles Synthesized via Wet-Chemical Method

In present days the essentiality of antibiotics is a big challenge for public health because of the spreading of infections severely. Nano metal oxides show effective antibacterial activity and are non-toxic compared to organic anti-microbes because of their high surface area to volume ratio. Nano ZnO is one of the most emerging nano metal oxides that has been used in various applications such as fire retard, anti-microbe, anti-wrinkle, etc. Nano zinc oxide was synthesized by the wet chemical process using zinc nitrate hexahydrate as a precursor. The synthesized nano ZnO powder was subjected to characterization to know the morphology and physical properties. FTIR analysis was employed for the identification of functional group, X-ray diffraction is to identify the crystalline structure, SEM-EDX analysis is employed to determine the morphological structure and size of the synthesized nanoparticles and elemental confirmation, and TEM is used to determine the particle size and shape of synthesized nanoparticles. The synthesized nano ZnO is screened for its antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, and Bacillus subtilis by disc diffusion method.

Enhancing Cotton Fabric Softness and Wrinkle Resistance through Optimized Formulation of Nano ZnO and Benzalkonium Chloride-Enriched RinseCycle Softener

This work attempts optimization of a multifunctional single rinse softener formulation for cotton fabric for domestic usage, catering to the growing customer demand for softeners with enhanced performance. Present section is part-I of the entire study. The primary objective is to determine the effects of optimized and developed formulation on softness and wrinkle resistance properties. We synthesized polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) stabilized nano-ZnO particles using the sol-gel method and characterized them using UV-VIS spectrophotometry, particle size analyser and X-ray diffraction. Atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) techniques were utilized for fabric sample analysis. Objective measurements using the Kawabata evaluation system, subjective softness assessments and crease recovery angle were recorded. The results demonstrated a significant enhancement in fabric softness, crease recovery and low stress mechanical properties through the application of this single rinse softener formulation. Any improving or diminishing effects on softness and crease recovery angle due to the presence of nano-ZnO (nano zinc oxide) and BAC (Bezalkonium chloride) were insightful.

ZnO nano for remediation of methylene blue dye: A short review

ZnO nano for remediation of methylene blue dye: A short review

Sensing and conversion of carbon dioxide to methanol using Ag-decorated zinc oxide nanocatalyst

The modelled and simulated high-performance Ag decorated ZnO nano catalyst depicted outstanding properties for the catalytic hydrogenation of CO2 to CH3OH and H2O molecules with an enhanced sensing response and recovery time, that provide insight into reaction mechanism.

Defect Induced high-color-rendering white light emissions from Ag-doped ZnO

It is crucial to find high-quality white-light phosphors that are simple to synthesize in order to create efficient lighting. In this pursuit, the focus has been on achieving the emission of white light in ZnO and Ag-doped ZnO emerging as a promising phosphor candidate. The optimized ZnO nano phosphors demonstrated visible-light emission with ideal Commission international de I E “Eclairage frequently abbreviated as coordinates (x = 0.33, y = 0.33 ) and a correlated color temperature of 6200 K, and a color rendering index of 100 for equivalent to day white light. Furthermore, under certain ideal processing conditions, neutral white-light emission (x = 0.33, y = 0.33 at λex = 280 and 370 nm) with a Color correlated temperature (CCT) of 5500 K(approx.) was achieved. The Color Rendering Index (CRI) of the ZnO and Ag:ZnO nanoparticles exceeded 90, with high values approaching 96%, which is necessary for accurately portraying object colors in comparison to natural sunshine. The research findings revealed a decrease in the FS emission intensity with all the UV excitation when Ag doped in ZnO, which aligns well with the principles of Stern-Volmer quenching. A reduction in intensity was observed which may be due to the Ag dopant interacting with the luminescent nanoparticles and causing a reduction in their emitted light. The study successfully develops and optimizes ZnO-based nano phosphors with tailored white-light emission characteristics, presenting a promising solution for achieving energy-efficient and high-quality white-light sources for various lighting applications.

Intensification of Sonophotocatalytic Degradation of Ponceau S using Fe - Doped and Undoped ZnO Nano Catalyst

Fe-doped ZnO nano catalyst was synthesized by co-precipitation method. The intrinsic characteristics of a prepared nano Fe-doped ZnO catalyst were studied using a variety of techniques including powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM), electron dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS). In this study, degradation of Ponceau S as a dye pollutant was investigated in the presence of ZnO and Fe-doped ZnO nano catalyst using sonolysis, photocatalysis, sonocatalysis and sonophotocatalysis. The UV light and ultrasonic probsonicator at 20 kHz and 150 W powers were used as an irradiation source. The effect of H2O2 on sonocatalytic, photocatalytic and sonophotocatalytic degradation was investigated. At optimum conditions the dye degradation efficiency was influenced by addition of H2O2, the highest dye degradation was obtained as 98 % by US+UV+Fe-doped ZnO+H2O2 for 40 mg/L dye concentration after 90min. The experimental kinetic data followed the pseudo-first order model in doped and undoped sonocatalytic, photocatalytic and sonophotocatalytic processes but the rate constant of sonophotocatalysis is higher than sonocatalysis and photocatalysis process. The sonophotocatalysis was always faster than the respective individual processes due to the more formation of reactive radicals as well as the increase of the active surface area of nano catalyst.

Effect of Foliar Spraying of Nano Zno on Qualitative and Physical Parameters of Tomato Grown in Polybags

Background: Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) is the main vegetable crop extensively grown all over the globe. Tomato requires both major and micronutrients for its proper plant growth. Nano fertilizers are preferred largely due to their efficiency and environmentally friendly nature compared to conventional chemical fertilizers. Nano fertilizers are preferred largely due to their efficiency and environmentally friendly nature compared to conventional chemical fertilizers. The use of nano fertilizers is expected to maintain better soil fertility and provide greater crop yields.
 Methods: A polybag experiment was conducted during Kharif, 2020-21 at Agricultural College, Palem, PJTSAU, in a completely randomized design (CRD) with fourteen treatments comprising different concentrations of nano ZnO (50, 100, 250, 500, 750, 1000, 1250, 1500, 1750, 2000, 2250 and 2500 ppm), ZnSO4 and control.
 Results: Foliar spraying of nano ZnO 1000 ppm recorded the lowest total soluble solids (4.00 0brix), highest ascorbic acid (23.71 mg 100g-1), highest titrable acidity (0.48%), lowest percentage of total sugars (2.80%), lowest percentage of reducing sugars (2.48%), highest percentage (0.32%) of non-reducing sugars and highest value of lycopene content (6.64 mg 100g-1), maximum shelf life (11.67 days) and firmness (3.05 kg cm-2). On 3rd, 6th and 9th day after harvest, same treatment recorded minimum physiological loss in weight (3.64%, 6.36% and 8.51%).

Diode characteristics, piezo-photocatalytic antibiotic degradation and hydrogen production of Ce3+ doped ZnO nanostructures

Piezo-photocatalysis of ZnO nanostructures had recently well attracted due to their exceptional potential in degrading the antibiotics and scalable hydrogen production. Here, we have synthesized the Ce3+ doped ZnO nanospheres in a facile wet chemical strategy. Dopant ions induced morphological evolution and optical bandgap tuning had observed in our experiment. Optical absorbance spectrum had confirmed the bandgap shortening occurs with Ce3+ doped ZnO specimens. The bandgap gap value had reduced to 2.82 eV from 3.05eV confirming the visible light responsivity of ZnO nano specimens. Obtained Zn(1-x)CexO nanospheres were utilized to fabricate the p-Si/n- Zn(1-x)CexO heterojunction diodes as well studied the improved electrical conductivity for the Ce3+ specimen-based diodes. Besides, ideality factor and barrier height values of the heterojunction diodes ZnO/p-Si, Zn0.99Ce0.01O/p-Si, Zn0.97Ce0.03O/p-Si, and Zn0.95Ce0.05O/p-Si are 15.97 & 0.43 eV, 15.47 & 0.44 eV, 8.02 & 0.46 eV and 5.21 & 0.47 eV, respectively. Direct sunlight assisted piezo-photocatalytic tetracycline (TC) degradation efficiency of ZnO, Zn0.99Ce0.01O, Zn0.97Ce0.03O, and Zn0.95Ce0.05O nanostructures respectively are 64%, 69%, 74% and 82%. We have produced the hydrogen quantity of 1234 μ mol h−1, 1490 μ mol h−1, 1750 μ mol h−1 and 1980 μ mol h−1 with 0%, 1%, 3% and 5% Ce3+ doped ZnO specimens under the direct sunlight assisted piezo-photocatalytic H2 production from H2S splitting.

Synthesis and Characterization of Fe-doped Hydroxyapatite/ZnO Nanocomposites Using the Coprecipitation Method from Processed Limestone

Hydroxyapatite (HAp) is the main inorganic component that forms teeth and bones. The abundant limestone reservoir in Indonesia can be utilized as a natural resource for the green synthesis of hydroxyapatite. The objective of synthesizing Fe-doped hydroxyapatite/ZnO nanocomposites is to enhance the magnetic properties of hydroxyapatite, facilitating its utilization as a biomaterial in drug delivery systems. This application proves valuable in regulating the timing and location of active substance decay in pharmaceuticals. The coprecipitation method was employed to synthesize Fe-doped hydroxyapatite (Fe-HAp) at varying concentrations of 0%, 2.5%, 5%, and 10% mol. Subsequently, Fe- HAp/ZnO nanocomposites were crafted with a weight ratio 4:1 through straightforward homogenization between nano Fe-HAp and nano ZnO, utilizing ethanol as a solvent. The analytical tools employed for characterization included X-ray fluorescence (XRF), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and Vibrating Sample Magnetometer (VSM). XRF analysis revealed that the Ca/P ratio in the Fe- HAp/ZnO nanocomposite decreased with increasing Fe dopant concentration, while the weight percentage of ZnO remained consistent across all nanocomposites. The XRD results demonstrated the presence of typical diffraction patterns of HAp and ZnO in the Fe-HAp/ZnO nanocomposite. However, secondary phases such as β-TCP, CaCO3, and Fe2O3 were observed in the Fe-HAp sample. The crystallite size of the Fe-HAp/ZnO nanocomposite generated in this study ranged from 29 to 38 nm. VSM characterization outcomes indicated that the substitution of Fe(III) can modify the diamagnetic properties of hydroxyapatite, rendering it ferromagnetic or superparamagnetic, depending on the dopant concentration employed.

Facile preparation of ZnO/TiO2 nanocomposite photocatalysts and study of their photocatalytic performance

Due to its strong photocatalytic activity, chemical stability, resistance to chemical and optical corrosion, and non-toxic qualities, TiO2 has received a lot of attention as a significant semiconductor material. One of the main areas of research in the field of photocatalysis has always been the system made of ZnO, another significant semiconductor, which has stronger physical and chemical characteristics and photocatalytic activity than TiO2 and ZnO alone.The performance of the photocatalysts can be optimized by adjusting the ratio of the components in the complexes. It was found that the catalytic activity of the particulate ZnO nano photocatalysts could be improved by trace TiO2 addition and high TiO2 concentration in the complex, with higher degradation efficiency for methyl orange under simulated solar illumination. The enhanced performance was attributed to the high photogenerated electron-hole separation rate caused by the increased surface oxygen vacancy defects and the enhanced interfacial charge transfer of the pluralistic heterojunction structure. In addition, there is a certain selectivity of ZnO and TiO2 for the photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue and methyl orange, which is related to the charged nature of the catalyst surface and the ionic nature of the pollutant molecules. The inhibitor studies revealed that the degradation reactions of methylene blue and methyl orange involved the active species hydroxyl radicals, superoxide radicals, and photogenerated holes formed on the catalyst surface, with superoxide radicals dominating the methyl orange reaction. The produced photocatalysts' great stability was validated by cycling experiments. Further research on the impact of catalyst dosage and pH of the contaminant solution on the photocatalytic performance of the catalysts revealed that an increase in catalyst dosage resulted in a greater number of active sites for contaminant molecules and incident light, which increased the efficiency of contaminant degradation. In an alkaline environment, the efficiency of the catalyst for photodegradation of pollutants was significantly increased due to the high concentration of strongly oxidizing hydroxyl radicals contained in the alkaline solution.

Bio-valorization of Tagetes floral waste extract in fabrication of self-healing Schiff-base nanocomposite hydrogels for colon cancer remedy.

The drastic boom in floriculture and social events in religious and recreational places has inevitably led to generation of tremendous floral waste across the globe. Marigold (Tagetes erecta) is one of the most common loose flowers offered for the same. Generally discarded, these Tagetes floral wastes could be valorized for biogenic syntheses. In this study, we have utilized the floral extract towards green synthesis of nano ZnO, the formation of which was affirmed from different analytical techniques. Bionanocomposite Schiff-base hydrogel composed of chitosan and dialdehyde pectin was fabricated by the facile strategy of in situ polymer cross-linking, and the ZnO nanoparticles were embedded in the hydrogel matrix. The hydrogel exhibited remarkable self-healing ability. The antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities were enhanced owing to nano ZnO. Furthermore, it was hemocompatible and biodegradable. A controlled release drug profile for 5-fluorouracil from the hydrogel was accomplished in the colorectum. The exposure of the drug-loaded nanocomposite hydrogel demonstrated improved anticancer effects in HT-29 colon cancer cells. The findings of this study altogether put forth the successful biovalorization of Tagetes floral waste extract for colon cancer remedy.

Comparative Study of the Effects of Nano ZnO and CuO on the Biodegradation, Biocompatibility, and Antibacterial Properties of Micro-arc Oxidation Coating of Magnesium Alloy

Comparative Study of the Effects of Nano ZnO and CuO on the Biodegradation, Biocompatibility, and Antibacterial Properties of Micro-arc Oxidation Coating of Magnesium Alloy

Validation Cropping Systems and Input Management in Calcareous Vertisols

Inputs were tested and validated to supply optimum P and Zn content in index leaf of Bt hybrid cotton during squaring to flowering stage, such as seed treatment with NPK consortia to encourage soil biological activities in low organic carbon highly Calcareous Vertisols alongwith 75% RDF. Bentonite sulphur @20 kg ha-1 yr-1 soil application (SA) + RDF; Sagarika seed treatment @ 0.2% alongwith twice foliar sprays @ 0.002% at squaring and flowering + RDF; Nano ZnO 4% Seed treatment twice foliar sprays@0.004% + RDF produced significant agronomic response during 2019, exception was during 2020, the magnitude was 50% less due twice torrential (>60-100mm) and five times medium (25-50mm) rains during July and August months upset the reproductive physiology of cotton, shedded all the fruiting bodies, unable to maintain index leaf NPK, besides heavy pink bollworm attack. All these treatments were applied with 100% RDF @90:45:45 N:P2O5:K2O granular, two splits of basal spot application having 6.5% Sulphur containing, N: P2O5: K2O @ 22.5 kg ha-1 twice on 15, 30 DAS and twice as Urea at 45 and 60 DAS, Bentonite Sulphur @ 20 kg ha-1 +RDF or seed treatment and foliar applications of bio-stimulants Sagarika @ 0.02% and twice foliar applications of the same @ 0.002% and Nano ZnO @ 0.004% twice produced 67-86 ppm Zn in index leaf of the Bt hybrid cotton, similar to that of chelated Zn 0.5%. These inputs produced 161-287 kg lint ha-1 i. e. more than double 38 to 50% due to better nutrient uptake, biomass production, boll number with more than ₹. 15 to 30, 000/- ha-1 profitability and 1.5 to 2.2 C:B ratio, FUE 1.6 to 1.2 and lowest cost of production in both the years. Large scale OFTs in Kalmeshwar Tq, Nagpur district (M.S.) India in highly Calcareous soils, on suitable field and horticulture crops, irrigations and inputs management confirmed the beneficial effect of RDF 150% @120:60:60 N:P2O5:K2O three splits fertilizers mixture of SSP + Urea + 20:20:0:13 soil application and also Bentonite sulphur or with and without two winter irrigations in late September besides seed treatment with PGPRs or Sagarika 0.002% before sowing and twice foliar applications with the same or alongwith chelated micronutrients 0.5% + WSF 17:44:0 and 0:0:50 2.0% + Boron 0.3% alternately with ZnSO4 0.5% or nano ZnO 0.004% alongwith Urea 2% and Boron 0.3% or were help full in doubling the seed cotton yields besides reducing the pre mature leaf reddening by maintaining optimum index leaf nutrient content.