Nano Zn Research Articles

English

This research was conducted to determine the effects of different levels (0, 50 or 100 mg/kg) of nano zinc (nano Zn) supplementation as a zinc source in male Japanese quail (Coturnix coturnix Japonica) diets on performance, some serum parameters, testis characteristics and meat colour. In the four-week study, a total of 60 male Japanese quails (190.4 ± 2.4 g body weight) at the age of 49 days were distributed to three treatment groups and each treatment group was divided into four subgroups, each containing five male quails. As a result of this study, in the current study, the addition of nano Zn to the diet had no effect on feed intake, testis morphology, serum cholesterol, total protein, calcium and phosphorus levels (P>0.05). Addition of nano Zn to diet increased body weight gain (BGW) (P<0.05). With the addition of nano Zn, serum glucose level increased while serum triglyceride level decreased (P<0.05). Breast and thigh + drumstick L* values among meat parameters increased with the addition of nano Zn to male quail diets (P<0.05). As a result, adding nano Zn to male quail diets increased serum glucose level and meat L* value, decreased serum triglyceride concentration, and testis morphology was not affected.

BIOEFFICACY OF NANO NUTRIENTS (N, Zn & Cu) ON YIELD OF CAPSICUM

Vegetables are the prime source of vitamins and minerals. As the population increases there is also increase in demand for nutritional vegetables, but in the conventional method of horticulture the production and productivity is considerably less. Thus to increase the productivity and to feed the over burgeoning population there is a need for novel fertilizers such as Nano fertilizers. An experiment was hence conducted in Chinapettai village, Panruti to investigate the Bio-efficacy of Nano nutrients (Nano Nitrogen, Zinc and Copper) on growth and yield of Capsicum. The experiment was carried out in RBD design (Randomized block design) with three replications and ten treatments. Results showed that the treatment with 100% RD-N+100% RD-P + 100 % RD-K + Nano N + Nano Cu + Nano Zn followed by 100% RD-N +100% RD-P + 100 % RD-K + Nano N and 75% RD-N+100% RD-P + 100 % RD-K + Nano N + Nano Cu + Nano Zn recorded maximum growth and yield parameters. In contrast 50% RD-N + 100% RDP + 100 % RD-K + Nano N showed increase in yield than the control (100% RDF (-N: -P: -K)(250:150:150kg/ha)) to conclude that Nano nitrogen could have compensated the 50% urea recommendation in conventional fertilizer and also had enhanced effect than control.

Effect of Nano Zinc Supplementation on Production Performance, Immune Response and Carcass Characteristics in Japanese Quail Broiler

Background: Nano-technology is currently an emerging field and giving promising results with cost economics in the poultry nutrition sector. A study was conducted to investigate the effects of nano Zn supplementation on production performance, immune response and carcass characteristicsin Japanese quail broiler. Methods: Synthesis of zinc oxide nano-particles was carried out by chemical method and characterized by standard techniques. Day old Japanese quail chicks (n=240) were randomly allotted in four treatment groups for feeding trial and fed with basal diet and source of zinc viz. for T1 inorganic Zinc Oxide, for T2, T3 and T4 nano Zinc Oxide was used at 75%, 50% and 25% levels of BIS recommendation for Zinc. Production parameters, immune response, carcass characteristics and cost economics were studied. Result: Based on the data analysed T3 and T4 showed significantly (P less than 0.05) improved performance in production parameters like body weight gainand cumulative feed conversion ratio than T1 and T4. HI, titer value and carcass characteristics data also showed similar trend.

Nanofertilizers and their role in sustainable agriculture

Enhancing nutrient use efficiency (NUE) with minimal threat to environment has become critical for our agriculture food production systems (FPS) to sustain the burgeoning population. Nanotechnology with nanoscale inputs for production of nano agri-inputs (NAIPs) has emerged as an innovative solution for addressing issue of low or declining nutrient use efficiency (NUE) with minimal environment footprint. Nanotechnology is a promising field of research which has the potential to offer sustainable solutions to ever pressing challenges confronting our modern intensive agriculture. Nanotechnology employs nanomaterials which typically have small size (1–100 nm) which imparts unique characteristics and benefits. In addition to numerous other benefits, large surface area to volume ratio offers opportunity for better and effective interaction of nanoparticles to target sites. Nano-fertilizers hold potential to fulfil plant nutrition requirements along with imparting sustainability to crop production systems and that too without compromising the crops yield. Indian Farmers Fertilizer Cooperative Limited (IFFCO) - the farmers’ own fertilizer cooperative has been in the forefront for promotion of agro-technologies and novel agri-inputs to mitigate problems faced by the farmers. It has indigenously innovated at its Nano Biotechnology Research Centre (NBRC) at Kalol, Gujarat and succeeded in R& D and manufacturing of proprietary nano-fertilizers viz. nano urea, nano zinc, and nano copper. These nano-fertilizers utilize the dynamics of shape, size, surface area and bio-assimilation. There efficacy was evaluated on the basis of multi-location multi-crop trials under varying crop seasons, both by the research institutes and also on the progressive farmers’ fields across 11,000 locations on 94 crops across India. Independently, nano nitrogen, nano zinc, and nano copper have also been tested for bio-efficacy- bio safety- toxicity and environment suitability. IFFCO nano-fertilizers meet alll the current national and international guidelines related to nano technology or nano scale agri-inputs.They are in sync with OECD testing guidelines (TGs) and “Guidelines for Testing of NAIPs and Food Products” released by the Department of Biotechnology, Government of India. Harvested produce of crops applied with IFFCO nano-Urea, nano-zinc, and nano-copper have been found fit for consumption with no adverse effect. This paper reviews the benefits of nanofertilizers (Nano N, Nano Zn and Nano Cu) towards increasing nutrient use efficiency and crop productivity and produce quality in general and the journey of IFFCO nano-fertilizers (IFFCO’s Nano Urea, Nano Zn and Nano Cu) from conception to PILOT to PLANT stage has also been covered in this paper.

Effect of IFFCO Nanofertilizer on Growth, Grain Yield and Managing Turcicum Leaf Blight Disease in Maize

Nanoscience coupled with nanotechnology emerged as possible cost-cutting approach to prodigal farming and environmental clean-up operations. Hence there is a need for a more innovative fertilizer approach that can increase the productivity of agricultural systems and more environmental friendly than synthetic fertilizers. The trial was laid out in randomized complete block design with 11 treatments in three replications. The field experiment was carried out at Main Agricultural Research Station, University of Agricultural Sciences, Raichur during Kharif seasons of 2019 and 2020. In this research, we studied the recent development and potential benefits derived from the use of nanofertilizers (NFs) in modern agriculture. Nanofertilizers facilitate slow and steady release of nutrients, thereby reduce the loss of nutrients and enhance the nutrient use efficiency. In the present study, the nanofertilizers such as IFFCO nanonitrogen (nano N), IFFCO nanocopper (nano Cu), IFFCO nanozinc (nano Zn) and IFFCO sagarika were sprayed to the maize crop in different combinations with recommended dose of fertilizers. Among the different combinations of nanofertilizers with recommended dose of fertilizers the treatment T11 [50% N, 100% PK, 0% Zinc + 2 sprays of IFFCO nano N (4ml/l) mixed with IFFCO Sagarika (2 ml/l)] showed significant effect on the growth and yield parameters with maximum yield of 58.90 q/ha and highest B:C of 2.99. Whereas, treatment T10 [50% N, 100% PK, 0% Zinc + 2 sprays of IFFCO nano N (4ml/l) mixed with nano Zn (2 ml/l) and IFFCO nano Cu (2ml/l)] was found superior with regard to management of Turcicum leaf blight disease with minimum of 18.20 per cent severity.

Improving growth performance of rice cultivars IR64 and Mentik Wangi in drought stress with applying nano Zn

Increasing temperatures due to climate change caused irregular rainfall in some regions. Changes in rainfall initiate drought to increase every year and negatively impact vital human activities, including agricultural sectors. Drought stress is becoming increasingly important in agriculture because it affects changes in physiological function and leads to a severe decline in crop production. Nano Zn is one of the solutions for drought stress which has a role in enzyme activation, protein synthesis, and carbohydrate metabolism. This study aims to determine the effect of applying nano Zn on rice growth performance in drought stress conditions. The method used was a non-factorial Completely Randomized Design with analysis of variance followed by DMRT at 5% level. The levels of Zn concentration were 0; 0.5; 1; 1.5; 2 ppm Zn. Two varieties were used, ‘IR 64’ as a hybrid cultivar and ‘Mentik Wangi’ as a local cultivar in Indonesia. The variables observed were plant height (cm), number of tillers, number of leaves, biomass weight (g), and root dry weight (g). The result showed that applying nano Zn can increase rice growth due to drought stress on the various variables. The higher the nano Zn dosage, the higher plant height, number of tillers, number of leaves, biomass, and root dry weight by 3-6 %, 2-33 %, 6-23 %, 8-28 %, and 3-34 % respectively compared without Zn. These results can be considered a solution for environmental conditions affected by drought stress by paying attention to Zn concentration level.

The effect of nano Zn fitogenik addition on broiler diet to carcass traits, relative organ weights and haematological response

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of adding nano Zn Fitogenik (NZF) on broiler diet to carcass traits, relative organ weights and haematological indices. This study used 360 heads of sexed Lohman broilers day old chick (DOC). The experimental design used was a complete design with 6 (six) treatments and 5 (five) replications, each experimental unit consisted of 12 DOC (6 males and 6 females). There were the treatment given in this study; R1 = basal diet; R2 = R1 + Zn Sulfate (90 mg Zn kg−1) + 5.32 mg kg-1 guava leaf flour; R3 = R1 + NZF (45 mg Zn kg−1); R4 = R1 + NZF (90 mg Zn kg−1); R5 = R1 + NZF (135 mg Zn kg−1); R6 = R1 + NZF (180 mg Zn kg−1). At 33 days old age, one male broiler from each experimental unit was slaughtered and observed for carcass weight, abdominal fat, visceral organs, and digestive tract. Haematological evaluation using 30 blood samples were taken from each experimental unit. The results showed that addition of NZF at a dose of 90 mg Zn/kg (R4) improved weight of carcass, heart, and ileum. The addition of NZF at a dose of 135 mg/kg (R5) increased the number of erythrocytes when compared to the treatment group without the addition of NZF (R1). Adding NZF tent to decrease H/L ratio. It can be concluded that adding NZF imporoved carcass weight and tend to suprisse heat stress in broiler.

Impact of foliar application of different nano-fertilizers on soil microbial properties and yield of wheat

Aim: The present investigation was carried out to study the effect of foliar application nano-fertilizers P, K and Zn on yield, nutrient content and uptake by wheat and soil microbial properties in sub-humid southern plains of Rajasthan. Methodology: The experiment was laid out in triplicate following randomized block design with fifteen treatments comprising foliar application of different doses of Nano P, K and Zn. Results: Foliar application of 1st spray of Nano Zn at 14 days after sowing (DAS) + 2nd spray of Nano Zn at 28 DAS along with 100% recommended dose of fertilizers (RDF) significantly (P=0.05) increased yield attributes and nutrient uptake in wheat. The significantly (P=0.05) maximum microbial population (bacteria and fungi) and microbial biomass-C was obtained with 1st spray of Nano P at 14 DAS + 2nd spray of Nano P at 28 DAS along with 100% recommended dose of fertilizers (RDF). Interpretation: Foliar application of nano fertilizers led to significant improvement of crop productivity of wheat in sub-humid southern plain of Rajasthan. Moreover, the foliar application of nano-fertilizers, i.e., Nano P also stimulated microbial growth by providing nutrients and directly increased their population in soil. Key words: Biomass-C, Foliar application, Nano-fertilizers, Soil microbial population, Wheat productivity

Growth performance, tissue mineralization, antioxidant activity and immune response of oreochromis niloticus fed with conventional and gluconic acid zinc dietary supplements

Zn is one of the essential elements to maintain normal fish metabolic process (including growth, development and reproduction), which have different chemical status in nature including inorganic, organic and nano-sized. In this work, the efficacy of gluconic acid zinc (Glu-Zn), nano zinc oxide (Nano ZnO), zinc sulphate (ZnSO4) on the growth performance, tissue mineral elements deposition, antioxidant activity and immune response of the tilapia fish Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) was evaluated. Three experimental diets were prepared by adding different forms of Zn sources (ZnSO4 as a control group) with same Zn concentration (40 mg/kg) and used to feed fish for 60 days. The biological trial results displayed that the growth performance of Nile tilapia has not obviously affected by different Zn form source supplement. However, Glu-Zn and Nano ZnO supplements have significantly stimulated the Zn and Cu absorption deposition efficiency in the fish tissues as compared to ZnSO4 group. Besides, there was a significant increase in Cu-Zn superoxide dismutase (35.03 U/mgprot), alkaline phosphatase (79.34 U/mgprot), aspartate aminotransferase (23.42 U/L), alanine aminotransferase (18.45 U/L), glutathione peroxidase (171.24 U/mgprot) and fatty acid synthase (11.55 ng/mL) content in Glu-Zn treatment. Additionally, Glu-Zn supply significantly increased serum lysozyme (9.91 U/mL), immunoglobulin M (0.48 g/L), complement 3 (0.74 g/L) and complement 4 (0.95 g/L) activity of Nile tilapia. Also, compared to ZnSO4 diet, lysozyme (11.44 U/mL) and complement 4 (0.63 g/L) content were obviously higher in fish fed Nano Zn diet. These findings revealed that supplementation with Glu-Zn as a Zn source in feed is better than ZnSO4 for improving tissue mineralization, antioxidant stress, alleviate lipid peroxidation and immunity response of Nile tilapia. Meantime, Nano ZnO also played a positive role in the tissue mineralization and immunity response of Nile tilapia.

Fabrication of Multifunctional Nano Gelatin/Zinc Oxide Composite Fibers

Abstract According to health studies, reinforcing gelatin is necessary in order to obtain the multifunctional material. In this study, nano zinc oxide (ZnO; at concentrations of 0.5%, 1% and 1.5%) was doped with gelatin and the solution was electrospun under specific conditions to obtain multifunctional gelatin/ZnO nanofibers. The morphology of the nanofibers was studied by field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM), and energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometry (EDX) analysis indicated the presence of nano Zn on the surface of gelatin fibers. On the contrary, elemental mapping analysis proved the distribution of nano material along the nano gelatin fibers. The results show that the produced nano gelatin/ZnO composite increases the ultraviolet (UV) blocking of fabric significantly. It is also observed that electrospun gelatin/ZnO nanofibers have excellent bactericidal property against both Bacillus cereus (Gram-positive) and Escherichia coli (Gram-negative) bacteria.

Effect of feeding nano-ZnO on performance, rumen fermentation, leukocytes, antioxidant capacity, blood serum enzymes and minerals of ewes

Abstract This study was conducted to assess the influence of dietary supplementation of nano Zn oxide (nZnO), compared to Zn oxide (ZnO), on performance, rumen fermentation, leukocytes, total antioxidant capacity (TAC), blood serum enzymes and minerals in the ewes. Thirty pregnant Khorasan-Kurdish ewes were assigned to one of the 3 experimental groups (10 replicates) in a randomised complete block design. The ewes received 1- control diet without supplementary Zn, containing 22.4 or 24.3 mg of Zn/kg dry matter (DM) for pre- and post-partum periods, respectively, 2- diet supplemented with ZnO (30 or 40 mg of supplementary Zn/kg DM for pre- and post-partum periods, respectively) or 3- diet supplemented with nZnO (30 or 40 mg of supplementary Zn/kg DM for pre- and post-partum periods, respectively). Dry matter intake (DMI), DM digestibility (DMD), rumen parameters, milk performance and blood leukocytes of the ewes were determined. Moreover, the ewes and their suckling lambs were assessed for TAC, blood serum enzymes and minerals. Regardless of Zn form, the additional Zn increased DMD, DMI, ruminal volatile fatty acids (VFA), milk yield, TAC and blood serum Zn, but decreased milk somatic cell count (SCC) and ruminal ammonia-N (P 0.05) the TAC, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, gamma-glutamyl transferase, Cu, Ca, P and Mg concentrations in the blood serum of ewes. Moreover, feeding the mother ewes with the diets containing supplementary Zn sources had no effect (P > 0.05) on the blood serum concentrations of TAC, enzymes and minerals in their suckling lambs. Overall, the use of nZnO instead of ZnO could be a useful way in improving DMI, DMD, TAC in the rumen fluid and milk, leukocytes and milk Zn concentration of the ewes, without adverse effects on the blood serum concentrations of Cu, Ca, P, Mg and Zn-dependent enzymes.

Nano zinc carriers influences release kinetics of zinc and iron in a laboratory incubation experiment under Inceptisol and Alfisol

Zinc (Zn) deficiency is a widespread phenomenon globally. Conventional Zn fertilizers viz zinc sulfate (ZnSO4· 7H2O) reported to have very low use efficiency (1–5%). Hence, technological interventions in increasing Zn use efficiency are of utmost important. Keeping this in view, a laboratory incubation study was undertaken to evaluate the effect of various Zn carriers on release kinetics of zinc and iron under Inceptisol and Alfisol. Zincated nanoclay polymer composite (ZNCPC), nano zinc oxide (n-ZnO), Zn-citrate were compared with conventional one i.e., zinc sulfate. ZNCPC attributed highest DTPA-Zn content at 45 days of incubation in Inceptisol (2.99 mg kg−1) and at 60 days of incubation in Alfisol (2.36 mg kg −1). Zn citrate was found another efficient Zn carrier followed by ZNCPC but superior over n-ZnO as per as the Zn availability and control release behavior is concern. Thus, ZNCPC was found to be the most efficient Zn carrier as compared to conventional zinc sulfate and other nano Zn carriers. High aspect ratio of n-ZnO curbs its soil application.

Field evaluation of Zincated nanoclay polymer composite (ZNCPC): Impact on DTPA-extractable Zn, sequential Zn fractions and apparent Zn recovery under rice rhizosphere

Zinc (Zn) deficiency is a widespread phenomenon globally. Conventional Zn fertilizers (ZnSO4·7H2O) are reported to have very low use efficiency of applied Zn (1–5%). Hence, technological interventions in increasing Zn efficiency are of utmost importance. Keeping in this background, the present investigation was undertaken with the objectives of evaluating ZNCPC (Zincated nanoclay polymer composites), Nano ZnO and ZnSO4·7H2O on various fractions of soil Zn and agronomic parameters under rice rhizosphere in field experiment for two consecutive growing seasons. Nano Zn carriers (ZNCPC at three doses 100%, 75% and 50%) and nano ZnO were evaluated in comparison with ZnSO4·7H2O in a field experiment under rice (Rajendra Mahsuri) rhizosphere. DTPA Zn was significantly increased under 100% ZNCPC (1.99 mg kg−1). Sequential Zn fractionation revealed that under ZNCPC treatments there was significant increase of water soluble, exchangeable and organically bound Zn, whereas there was significant increase of residual and specifically adsorbed Zn under ZnSO4·7H2O. Grain Zn content was maximum under 100% ZNCPC treatment (40.57 mg kg−1) followed by nano ZnO (34.71 mg kg−1). Maximum AZR (Apparent Zn recovery) was found in case of 100% ZNCPC (26.35%) followed by 75% ZNCPC (21.22%) and nano ZnO (18.73%). ZNCPC was found to be promising Zn formulation for increasing Zn use efficiency. Nano ZnO at foliar spray was also proved to be effective in increasing the grain Zn concentration. However, ZNCPC and nano ZnO need to be evaluated in long-term experiment in various soil types and cropping system for evaluating benefit: cost ratio and wide scale farmers’ adaptability.

МІКРОСКОПІЧНА БУДОВА ОРГАНІВ КУРЧАТ- БРОЙЛЕРІВ ЗА ЗБАГАЧЕННЯ РАЦІОНУ КОМПЛЕКСОМ НАНОМІКРОЕЛЕМЕНТІВ (Zn, Cu, Ag, Co, He, Mg)


 
 
 
 The work is devoted to the study of the microscopic structure of broiler chickens organs for the enrichment of the diet with a complex of nano trace elements which include the citrates of nano Zn, Cu, Ag, Co, He, Mg. It was found that the use of a complex of nano-micronutrients, at a dose of 1 cm3/dm3 of drinking water in the drinking mode for five days in a row after five days, did not cause pathomorphological changes in the internal organs and skeletal muscles of slaughtered broiler chickens.The use in the diet of the experimental bird complex of nano trace elements at a dose of 10 and 20 cm3/dm3 drinking water can lead to structural disorders in the liver, kidneys and spleen in the form of local circulatory disorders, necrosis of cells of the parenchyma of organs. Extracapillary glomerulonephritis and necrotic- dystrophic changes in the epithelium of the tubules are recorded in the kidneys (proteinaceous nephrosis by type of granular dystrophy, in some cases necrotic nephrosis); In internal organs there are local circulatory disorders (congestive hyperemia, stasis, etc.). In cells of parenchyma of organs destruction of organelles, cell membranes is registered, that causes at first development of dystrophic processes on decompositive type, and subsequently - death of cells.
 
 
 

Effect of Nano Zn -Bio fertilizer formulation on the response of tomato plant against salt stress

Çalışmanın amacı, çinkooksit nanopartikülleri (ZnO-Nps) ile Bacillus grubu (Bacillus subtilis (N28), Bacillus pumilis (N1) ve peynir
 kökenli Lactobacillus casei (Nm24) bakteri formülasyonun tuz stresi koşullarında domates bitkisinin gelişimi ve mineral içeriği
 üzerine etkilerinin araştırılmasıdır. Domates bitkisine tuz stresi oluşturmak amacıyla, 100 mg L-1 çinkooksit nanopartikülleri ile
 birlikte 50 mMolar NaCl tampon karışımı hazırlanmıştır. Bu tampon mikroorganizmalar üzerinde standart disk difüzyon yöntemi
 kullanılarak petrilere yerleştirilip disklere (30 µg) emdirilerek bakterilere uygulanmıştır. Bu koşullarda, canlılıklarını devam ettiren
 üç mikroorganizma (Bacillus subtilis (N28), Bacillus pumilis (N1) Lactobacillus casei (Nm24) seçilerek taramalı elektron mikroskobu
 (SEM) ve RAMAN spektroskopisi ile gözlemlenmiştir. Tuzluluk koşullarında denek bitki olarak Linda (Lycopersicon esculentum)
 seçilmiş ve sera koşullarında yetiştirme ortamı olarak her saksıya 1 kg kum ve 0,3 kg turba yosunu; üç doz çinko nanopartikül (0,
 20, 40 mg L-1 Zno-Nps), 3 bakteri [Bacillus pumilis (N1), Bacillus subtilis (N28), Lactobacillus casei (Nm24)], karışım formülasyonları
 hazırlanarak dört tekrarlı olacak şekilde deneme kurulmuştur. Oluşturulan formülasyon bir dekarlık alan için 100 litre hesabı
 temeline dayalı olarak suya karıştırılıp uygulanmıştır. Uygulamaların kuru madde miktarı, bitkinin besin element içeriği üzerine
 etkisi (azot (N) potasyum (K), kalsiyum (Ca), magnezyum (Mg), fosfor (P), demir (Fe), bakır (Cu), çinko (Zn), mangan(Mn), bor (B))
 içeriği üzerine etkileri değerlendirilmiştir. Uygulamalar sonucunda kuru madde içeriğinin (% 31,2), fosfor içeriği %15,64,
 potasyum içeriği % 2,75, kalsiyum içeriğini % 8,2, magnezyum içeriği % 17,19, B. subtilis (N28)+40 ZnNanops uygulama grubu
 çinko içeriği %19,01, demir içeriği % 7,75, mangan içeriği % 14,6, B bakır içeriğini % 12,71, B. pumilis bor içeriğini % 23,8, toplam
 azot içeriğinin ise yaklaşık 3 kat arttırdığı gözlemlenmiştir. Araştırma sonucuna göre tuz stresi altında bitkilerin fotosentetik tepki
 olarak tuz stresinden kurtulma adına karbonhidrat metabolizmasını köke yönledirmesine neden olmuştur. Ürün verim ve verim
 unsurlarında meydana gelen kaybın azaltılması yönünde nanoboyutta çinko partikülleri ile Bacillus pumilis (N1), Bacillus subtilis
 (N28), Lactobacillus casei (Nm24) kombinasyonu bu tepkinin yönetilmesinde istatsitiksel anlamda önemli katkılar sağlamıştır. Bitki
 besin ve iyon dengesinin sağlanmasına katkıları yanında enzimsel etki mekanizması yaratarak bitkinin bu stresini azaltma yönünde
 önemli etkileri olmuştur. Özellikle önümüzdeki 20-30 yıllık süreç içerisinde iklim bilimcilerinin ortaya koyduğu seneryolara göre
 bitkisel üretimde bu tür sorunların giderek artacağı yönündeki gelişmelere karşı bu yöndeki sorunlara çözüm olabilme yönüyle
 oldukça anlamlı bir çalışmadır. Bu çalışmanın tarla koşullarında yapılacak çalışmalar ile kalibre edilmesi durumunda farklı tuz
 stresi koşullarına göre mevcut formülasyonların yada ilave gerekli nanobesinlerin verilmesi gerekli olabilmektedir.

Synthesis of nano zinc-based metal-organic frameworks under ultrasound irradiation in comparison with solvent-assisted linker exchange: Increased storage of N2 and CO2.

Isostructural nano Zn(II)-based metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), Zn-TMU, has been synthesized by ultrasound process and solvent-assisted linker exchange (SALE). Zn(II)-MOFs were investigated as CO2 capture compounds. Compared with ultrasound process, the as-prepared daughter frameworks showed enhanced CO2 sorption capacity, ascribed to the existence of structural defects during the SALE method. This study demonstrated that the gas storage depends mainly on the quality and defects in the structure, which depends on the synthetic conditions. This study is a new report of increasing CO2 sorption in Zn-TMU by a SALE method.

Effect of zinc foliar application and mycorrhizal inoculation on morpho-physiological traits and yield parameters of two barley cultivars

Zinc (Zn) plays a vital role in biological systems. Plants require an appropriate balance of this essential micronutrient for growth and optimum yield. This study focused on the effectiveness of foliar application of Zn combined with inoculation with arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi on morphological, physiological traits and yield parameters of barley cultivars during the 2015-2016 growing season. In this factorial experiment, different forms of foliar applied ZnO (nil, nano Zn, ordinary Zn and nano+ordinary Zn) and inoculation with AM fungi (nil, Glomus mosseae and Rhizophagus irregularis) were investigated for two barley cultivars (Yusuf and Julgeh). The two cultivars differed in response to the form of foliar Zn applied and inoculation with the two commercial inocula of AM fungi. The major responses were significant increases in chlorophyll content (107%), soluble sugar (227%), grain Zn concentration (217%), carbonic anhydrase activity (128%) and grain phytase activity (65%) for cultivar Julgeh inoculated with G. mosseae when sprayed with nano ZnO compared with control. Cultivar Julgeh inoculated with G. mosseae had physiological traits more likely to enhance productivity and economical yield than did cultivar Yusuf that invested more in root traits and vegetative growth. Consequently, the nano form of Zn positively increased root and shoot morphological parameters, physiological parameters and grain Zn concentration, but the ordinary form of Zn enhanced yields and yield parameters. While foliar Zn application and inoculation with AM fungi significantly enhanced all measured parameters, the forms of Zn and inoculation with the two different AM fungi differed in their effectiveness.

Effect of Zinc Nano-Fertilizer on Growth and Yield of Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) under Saline Irrigation Condition

Zinc (Zn) deficiency in crops as well as in humans is still an important health issue, mainly in developing countries which is mostly due to poor dietary intake. This problem can be solved by the application of Zn to cereals known as bio fortification. Nanotechnology is one of the options to enhance the nutritional value of crops as some engineered nano-particles (NPs) could be used as a fertilizer. Zinc can be used in the form of zinc oxide (ZnO) NPs. The present study used the direct precipitation method to prepare ZnO NPs, characterized it by using dynamic light scattering (DLS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) then evaluated the effect of Zinc nano-fertilizer on growth and yield of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). The field experiment consists of seed treatment, foliar application and combination of seed treatment as well as foliar application of bulk Zn sources and Nano Zn source. Results showed that the seed treatment of ZnO NPs @1000 ppm followed by three foliar sprays of ZnO NPs @1000 ppm at 21, 45 and 90 days after sowing proved to be significantly superior in enhancing the plant height, number of effective tillers per plant, spike length, test weight, grain and straw yields, grain and straw zinc content and uptake by grain and straw.

Effects of Dietary Different Levels of Nano, Organic and Inorganic Zinc Sources on Performance, Eggshell Quality, Bone Mechanical Parameters and Mineral Contents of the Tibia, Liver, Serum and Excreta in Laying Hens.

This study was conducted to determine the effect of dietary zinc (Zn) sources and their levels on the performance, egg quality, tissue mineral concentrations and bone mechanical traits of laying hens. Two hundred seventy, 44-week-old, Super Nick white laying hens were randomly distributed to 15 experimental groups in a 3 (sources of Zn) × 5 (levels of Zn) factorial arrangement, using groups of 18 birds with 6 replicates. The 15 experimental diets consisted of three sources of Zn (zinc-oxide as an inorganic form, zinc-proteinate as an organic form and nano zinc-oxide powder as a nano form) and five different levels of Zn (20, 40, 60, 80 and 100mg Zn/kg diet). The experiment lasted 12weeks. Dietary Zn sources, Zn levels and their interactions had no significant effect on the performance parameters between the treatment groups, nor a significant effect on eggshell weight and eggshell breaking strength. Eggshell thickness and eggshell Ca and P contents were significantly affected by the different dietary Zn sources. Dietary Zn sources, Zn levels and their interactions had no significant effect on tibia Ca and P contents, and also had no significant effect on tibia Zn content. Liver Zn content was significantly affected by the dietary Zn sources. Serum Zn content was not affected by the dietary treatments. Dietary Zn sources, Zn levels and their interactions had no significant effect on tibia weight, tibia stress and tibia breaking strength, as tibia mechanical parameters. Excreta Zn content decreased linearly when hens were fed nano Zn compared to organic and inorganic Zn, and excreta Zn content also linearly increased with increasing dietary Zn levels. In conclusion, 20mg/kg of supplemental Zn is optimal for sustaining performance, good eggshell quality and bone status, while also reducing Zn excretion and soil pollution, with organic (Zn-proteinate) and nano (ZnO) Zn as the preferred forms in laying hen diets.

Synthesis of Zinc Nanoparticles Using Plant Extract for Broiler’s Feed Additive

<p>Nanotechnology has been developed in various fields, included animal nutrition. Nanotechnology made the feed ingredient feed aditive and supplement in nano size, to expand the surface of the material, hence, its biological function in metabolic processes will be enhanced in the animal body. This paper will discuss the production of nanoparticle Zinc (Zn) by green synthesis method using phytogenic compounds from plant extracts as bioreductor and biostabilizer. The nano-Zn product is added into poultry diet as feed additive. The nanoparticle of Zn increased Zn bioavailability in broiler diet. Its utilization in lower doses is more efficient compared to conventional forms. The use of nanoparticle Zn has positive effect in improving growth performance and immunity status. The doses of nano Zn is 20-90 mg/kg, lower than the dose of non-nanoparticle form of Zn (40-120 mg/kg). Low doses will reduce production costs and decrease the amount of excreted Zn, which will reduce pollution to the environment. Zn nanoparticles are also reported to have antibacterial and antioxidant functions which will improve health performance of broilers.</p>