Nano Zinc Oxide Research Articles

Solar Energy Dependent Supercapacitor System with ANFIS Controller for Auxiliary Load of Electric Vehicles

Innovations are required for electric vehicles (EVs) to be lighter and more energy efficient due to the range anxiety issue. This article introduces an intelligent control of an organic structure solar supercapacitor (OSSC) for EVs to meet electrical load demands with solar renewable energy. A carbon fibre-reinforced polymer, nano zinc oxide (ZnO), and copper oxide (CuO) fillers have been used in the development of OSSC prototypes. The organic solar cell, electrical circuits, converter, controller, circuit breaker switch, and batteries were all integrated for the modelling of OSSCs. A carbon fibre (CF)-reinforced CuO-doped polymer was utilised to improve the concentration of electrons. The negative electrodes of the CF were strengthened with nano ZnO epoxy to increase the mobility of electrons as an n-type semiconductor (energy band gap 3.2–3.4 eV) and subsequently increased to 3.5 eV by adding 6% π-carbon. The electrodes of the CF were strengthened with epoxy-filled nano-CuO as a p-type semiconductor to facilitate bore/positive charging. They improve the conductivity of the OSSC. The OSSC power storage was controlled by an adaptive neuro-fuzzy intelligent system controller to meet the load demand of EVs and auxiliary battery charging. Moreover, a fully charged OSSC (solar irradiance = 1000 W/m2) produced 561 W·h/m2 to meet the vehicle load demand with 45 A of auxiliary battery charging current. Therefore, the OSSC can save 15% in energy efficiency and contribute to emission control. The integration of an OSSC with an EV battery can minimise the weight and capacity of the battery by 7.5% and 10%, respectively.

Nano-zinc oxide fibers: Synthesis, characterization, adsorption of acid blue 92 dye, isotherms, thermodynamics and kinetics

Surface water is significantly contaminated by different dyes and pigments around the world due to rapid industrialization, especially textile/dyeing. Bangladesh's export-driven textile industry has grown dramatically over the past few decades, severely contaminating the nearby waterways. In this study, nano-zinc oxide was synthesized through precipitation method in the presence of PEG 400. SEM, XRD, and FTIR techniques were used to characterize the synthesized ZnO and revealed that it was pure, fiber-like, and essentially wurtzite. Nano-ZnO was used to remove the ionic dye acid blue 92 (AB 92) from aqueous solution in order to test its effectiveness as an adsorbent. The effects of pH, adsorbent dosage, AB 92 concentration, and contact time were investigated in order to optimize the adsorption process. According to correlation coefficients (R2) and the Redlich-Peterson model's fitting, the adsorption process followed the Freundlich isotherm at higher temperature and the Langmuir isotherm at lower temperature. The adsorption process was found to be endothermic and spontaneous. For adsorption thermodynamics, ΔH was found to be +20.32 kJmol-1, and ΔG was varied from −1.86 to −3.84 kJmol-1 as the temperature increased from 291 to 317 K. The adsorption kinetics exhibited pseudo second order. The Temkin isotherm and Elovich kinetic models suggested that the process was chemisorption. The nano-ZnO showed tremendous re-usability as an adsorbent for the removal of AB 92. The results are suggesting for designing nano-ZnO-based methods to remove organic pollutants efficiently from industrial effluents for ecological and sustainable development. The mechanism of formation of nano-ZnO fiber and adsorption of anionic dye on nano-ZnO are also explored.

The Effects of Nano Zinc Oxide Shape on Optical Characteristics of Tapioca Starch Films and In Vitro Escherichia coli Microbial Growth Kinetics

The Effects of Nano Zinc Oxide Shape on Optical Characteristics of Tapioca Starch Films and In Vitro Escherichia coli Microbial Growth Kinetics

EFFICACY OF THE DRUG «VETLAN» FOR TREATMENT OF ALLERGIC ETIOLOGY DERMATITIS IN CATS

Local treatment occupies an important place in dermatology, since the applied drugs render the therapeutic effect locally on the lesioned skin. This method is often used as complementation to the systemic treatment, thereby shortening a recovery period and giving a veterinary physician an opportunity to reduce the dose and frequency of the main systemic drug. The article presents the results of efficacy evaluation of the drug «VetLan», which is composed on the basis of colloidal silver, nano zinc oxide and lanthanum oxide and intended for treatment of allergic etiology dermatitis in cats. The proposed drug helps to reduce the time and to increase the efficacy of cats treatment when included into a complex therapy. It was found that «VetLan» is efficient in 77.7 % of cases, namely 7 out of 9 cats were cured after application of the drug, whereas the efficacy after application of the drug «Eplan» was 55.5 %. The duration of treatment was 14.2 ± 1.38 days for flea allergic dermatitis, 9.3 ± 2.05 days for atopic skin syndrome. The respective figures for animals in the control group were 18.2 ± 0.68 and 10.6 ± 1.69 days. Compared to the control group, the regeneration of lesioned epithelium in case of flea allergic dermatitis was 1.4–1.6 times faster, in case of atopic skin syndrome 1.3–1.5 times faster. In the course of this study no side effects as of irritation or allergy were found in cats after using the developed drug.

Solar Photocatalysis for the Decontamination Of Water from Emerging Pharmaceutical Pollutant Chloroquine Using Nano ZnO as the Catalyst.

Photo-driven advanced oxidation process (AOP) with pharmaceutical wastewater has been poorly investigated so far. This paper presents the results of an experimental investigation on the photocatalytic degradation of emerging pharmaceutical contaminant chloroquine (CLQ) in water using zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles as the catalyst and solar light (SL) as the source of energy. The catalyst was characterized by X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersive X-ray analysis (SEM-EDAX), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The effect of various operating parameters such as catalyst loading, the concentration of target substrate, pH, and the effect of oxidants and anions (salts) on the efficiency of degradation was tested. The degradation follows pseudo-first-order kinetics. Surprisingly, contrary to the observation in most photocatalytic studies, the degradation is more efficient under solar radiation, with 77% under solar (SL) irradiation and 65% under UV light in 60 min. The degradation leads to slow and complete COD removal through several intermediates identified by the liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) technique. The results suggest the possibility of using inexpensive natural, non-renewable solar energy for the purification of CLQ-contaminated water, thereby enabling the reuse of scarce water resources.

Impact of Zinc Oxide Nano Particles, Poly Vinyl Alcohol, and Natural Polymers on Quality Characteristics of Nanocomposite Film

The use of biodegradable films to replace the synthetic polymers prepared from natural polymers has been strongly limited owing to their poor barrier and mechanical properties. The modification was carried out with a partial replacement of natural polymers with synthetic polymer, such as PVA (poly vinyl alcohol), to increase the barrier properties of the film. The addition of an active ingredient in the form of nanoparticles such as Zinc Oxide (ZnO), enhanced the properties of the packaging materials compared to the conventional composite film, to which sonication imparted an excellent dispersion of nanoparticles in the slurry. The film thickness, water vapor permeability, film solubility, and mechanical properties of the composite, the composite with PVA, and the composite with PVA and ZnO nanoparticle film (active film) values differed significantly (p < 0.05) between the samples. The Z-average diameters of the composite slurry, the composite with PVA slurry, and the composite with PVA and ZnO nanoparticle slurry ranged from 242.20 to 1021.03 in nanometers (d-nm). The PDI and zeta potential of the samples were also analyzed. The antibacterial activity of the nanoparticles showed a distinct inhibition against Gram-positive Bacillus cereus and Gram-negative Escherichia coli in the treated films counterpart to the control films. The active film conferred excellent mechanical and barrier properties, including antibacterial properties.

Multifunctional properties of gadolinium doped annealed zinc oxide nanoparticles

In the present study, Zn1−x Gdx O (x = 0.02) nanoparticles have been synthesized by chemical route (Sol-Gel Method) using polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) as chelating agent. These materials are annealed from 500 °C−1000 °C with a step size of 100 °C temperature. The multifunctional properties of the prepared materials have been studied in view of their structural, morphological, optical, magnetic, and mechanical characteristics. X-ray diffraction (XRD) studies have shown that ZnO (zinc oxide) nano powders are crystallized in the Wurtzite hexagonal structure, and the structural parameters have been determined. Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) study conducted on a sample annealed at 900 °C revealed nanoparticles size as ∼22 nm. Spherical nanoparticles with irregular particle morphology was observed from SEM (Scanning Electron Microscopy) images. Energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) accorded the existence of elementary components of the prepared samples. The characteristic peaks of ZnO are evident from Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) study. The bandgap energies from UV–visible studies levied to decrease from 3.31 eV to 3.13 eV with annealing temperatures. Near band edge emission exhibited redshift from Photoluminescence (PL) study with the increase in annealing temperature. The Dilute Magnetic Semiconductor (DMS) nature was observed on the studied materials, making them promising materials for multifunctional spin-based applications. The study of Mechanical properties suggests that these materials may find applications as cutting fluids, nanofillers and nanolubricant additives.

"Investigation into Ultra-High Molecular Weight Polyethylene/Modified Nano-Zinc Oxide Nanocomposites"

"Investigation into Ultra-High Molecular Weight Polyethylene/Modified Nano-Zinc Oxide Nanocomposites"

Antagonistic impact on cadmium stress in alfalfa supplemented with nano-zinc oxide and biochar via upregulating metal detoxification.

Eco-toxicological estimation of cadmium induced damages by morpho-physiological and cellular response could be an insightful strategy to alleviate negative impact of Cd in agricultural crops. The current study revealed novel patterns of Cd-bioaccumulation and cellular mechanism opted by alfalfa to acquire Cd tolerance under various soil applied zinc oxide nanoparticles (nZnO) doses (0, 30, 60, 90mgkg-1), combined with 2% biochar (BC). Herein, the potential impact of these soil amendments was justified by decreased Cd and increased Zn-bioaccumulation into roots by 38 % and 48 % and shoots by51 % and 72 % respectively, with co-exposure of nZnO with BC. As, the transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive spectroscopy (SEM-EDS) ultrastructural observations confirmed that Cd-exposure induced stomatal closure, and caused damage to roots and leaves ultrastructure as compared to the control group. On the contrary, the damages to the above-mentioned traits were reversed by a higher nZnO dose, and the impact was further aggravated by adding BC along nZnO. Furthermore, higher nZnO and BC levels efficiently alleviated the Cd-mediated reductions in alfalfa biomass, antioxidant enzymatic response, and gaseous exchange traits than control. Overall, soil application of90mgkg-1 nZnO with BC (2 %) was impactful in averting Cd stress damages and ensuring better plant performance. Thereby, applying soil nZnO and BC emerge as promising green remediation techniques to enhance crop tolerance in Cd-polluted soil.

A review article on application of ZnO-based nanocomposite materials in environmental remediation

ZnO is an intriguing material for photocatalysis applications because of its high rate of charge carrier recombination activity, ease of availability of raw materials, low manufacturing costs, and non-toxic nature. Depending on the preparation process and their conditions, a variety of Zinc Oxide (ZnO) nano and microstructures can be generated. As a result, the creation of ZnO–nanocarbon composites have proven to be a promising option for developing novel, more active as well as stable photocatalytic systems. Other metallic and carbon-based with well 2-D materials with good physical and chemical properties, could be attractive choices to hybridise with ZnO. This review examines recent developments in ZnO–based nanocomposites, focusing on synthesis methods as well as structural, morphological, etc. We also look at how photocatalytic degradation of organic and inorganic dye is affected by ZnO- based composites.

Synthesis and characterization of rare earth-doped zinc oxide nano structures

Pure and rare earth metal [cerium (Ce) and thorium (Th)-doped zinc oxide (ZnO)] nanostructures were prepared by solution combustion synthesis by making use of metal nitrates and glycine as precursors in alkaline medium. The average crystal size was examined using Powder X-Ray Diffraction (PXRD) which showed sizes of 45 nm for pure ZnO sample,17.9 nm and 20 nm for Ce and Th-doped ZnO samples respectively. Accordingly, the synthesized samples were confirmed to be polycrystalline from High-Resolution Transmission Electron Microscopy (HRTEM), Selected Area Electron Diffraction (SAED) and X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) analyses. Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy coupled with Energy Dispersive X-Ray Spectroscopy (FESEM / EDX) confirmed the existence of the respective components in the synthesized samples. The Ultra Violet – Visible - Near Infra-Red (UV – Vis - NIR) Spectroscopy showed the characteristic absorption spectra of the samples. The surface topography of the prepared samples was studied by Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM). To further confirm the chemical composition and binding energy, X-Ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) was employed.

Studies in synthesis of nano-zinc oxide mixed PVC matrix membrane and its application for ibuprofen drug removal

The present study performed pharmaceutical drug such Ibuprofen (IBP) separation by novel nano-Zinc oxide (ZnO) mixed PVC matrix membrane. The study represents an attempt to the synergistic effect of zinc oxide nanoparticle due to its catalytic nature and versatile PVC as polymeric membrane material to fabricate desired membrane for improving IBP removal considering hazardous environmental impacts of ibuprofen on aquatic as well as human life. The ZnO nanoparticles produced by novel sono-chemical precipitation method were confirmed by HRTEM analysis. The nano-ZnO mixed PVC membrane was prepared by phase inversion method using water as the non-solvent, N-Methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP) as the solvent and polyethylene glycol (PEG) 6 kDa as the pore forming agent. Membrane properties such as water uptake and contact angle, resistance estimation was also measured. The characterization Techniques such as FTIR, FESEM, FESEM-EDX were used to characterize zinc oxide and blended membranes to examine structural and functional groups. The effects of pH and transmembrane pressure and IBP concentration on IBP removal were taken into account to optimize membrane performance.1% nano-Zinc oxide mixed PVC membrane showed better flux recovery ratio 89%, IBP removal of about 67% among other modified membrane.

Evaluation of Zinc Oxide Nano particles and Curcumin effect on some virulence genes of Staphylococcus aureus and Candida albicans causing subclinical mastitis in buffalo

Evaluation of Zinc Oxide Nano particles and Curcumin effect on some virulence genes of Staphylococcus aureus and Candida albicans causing subclinical mastitis in buffalo

Synthesis of transparent thermal insulation coating for efficient solar cells

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to introduce the simple synthesis process of thermal-insulation coating by using three different nanoparticles, namely, nano-zinc oxide (ZnO), nano-tin dioxide (SnO2) and nano-titanium dioxide (TiO2), which can reduce the temperature of solar cells.Design/methodology/approachThe thermal-insulation coating is designed using sol-gel process. The aminopropyltriethoxysilane/methyltrimethoxysilane binder system improves the cross-linking between the hydroxyl groups, -OH of nanoparticles. The isopropyl alcohol is used as a solvent medium. The fabrication method is a dip-coating method.FindingsThe prepared S1B1 coating (20 Wt.% of SnO2) exhibits high transparency and great thermal insulation property where the surface temperature of solar cells has been reduced by 13°C under 1,000 W/m2 irradiation after 1 h. Meanwhile, the Z1B2 coating (20 Wt.% of ZnO) reduced the temperature of solar cells by 7°C. On the other hand, the embedded nanoparticles have improved the fill factor of solar cells by 0.2 or 33.33%.Research limitations/implicationsFindings provide a significant method for the development of thermal-insulation coating by a simple synthesis process and low-cost materials.Practical implicationsThe thermal-insulation coating is proposed to prevent exterior heat energy to the inside solar panel glass. At the same time, it can prevent excessive heating on the solar cell’s surface, later improves the efficiency of solar cell.Originality/valueThis study presents a the novel method to develop and compare the thermal-insulation coating by using various nanoparticles, namely, nano-TiO2, nano-SnO2 and nano-ZnO at different weight percentage.

In situ precipitation and characterization of nano zinc oxide in different polymeric media and photoluminescent properties

Zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles were prepared using zinc chloride and ammonium hydroxide with proper concentration in different polymeric mediums by in situ precipitation method. The polymeric mediums used were chitosan, starch and polyvinylalcohol (PVA). The structural properties of the synthesized ZnO nanoparticles have been confirmed using the Scanning Electron Micrographs. The crystallinity and particle size of the nano particles were also determined. From the surface morphology, it is clear that the prepared ZnO is nano in nature and the shape of ZnO changes with respect to the medium of precipitation. The ZnO particles obtained from chitosan medium exhibit cuboidal shape while those obtained from starch have cylindrical shape and coral shape from PVA medium. Photoluminescence studies of the sample with three different media were also studied.

Nanozinc and plant growth-promoting bacteria improve biochemical and metabolic attributes of maize in tropical Cerrado.

Plant growth-promoting bacteria (PGPBs) could be developed as a sustainable strategy to promote plant growth and yield to feed the ever-growing global population with nutritious food. Foliar application of nano-zinc oxide (ZnO) is an environmentally safe strategy that alleviates zinc (Zn) malnutrition by improving biochemical attributes and storage proteins of grain. In this context, the current study aimed to investigate the combined effect of seed inoculation with PGPBs and foliar nano-ZnO application on the growth, biochemical attributes, nutrient metabolism, and yield of maize in the tropical savannah of Brazil. The treatments consisted of four PGPB inoculations [i.e., without inoculation, Azospirillum brasilense (A. brasilense), Bacillus subtilis (B. subtilis), Pseudomonas fluorescens (P. fluorescens), which was applied on the seeds] and two doses of Zn (i.e., 0 and 3 kg ha-1, applied from nano-ZnO in two splits on the leaf). Inoculation of B. subtilis with foliar ZnO application increased shoot dry matter (7.3 and 9.8%) and grain yield (17.1 and 16.7%) in 2019-20 and 2020-2021 crop seasons respectively. Inoculation with A. brasilense increased 100-grains weight by 9.5% in both crop seasons. Shoot Zn accumulation was improved by 30 and 51% with inoculation of P. fluorescens in 2019-20 and 2020-2021 crop seasons. Whereas grain Zn accumulation was improved by 49 and 50.7% with inoculation of B. subtilis and P. fluorescens respectively. In addition, biochemical attributes (chlorophyll a, b and total, carotenoids, total soluble sugar and amino acids) were improved with inoculation of B. subtilis along with foliar nano ZnO application as compared to other treatments. Co-application of P. fluorescens with foliar ZnO improved concentration of grains albumin (20 and 13%) and globulin (39 and 30%). Also, co-application of B. subtilis and foliar ZnO improved concentration of grains glutelin (8.8 and 8.7%) and prolamin (15 and 21%) in first and second seasons. Therefore, inoculation of B. subtilis and P. fluorescens with foliar nano-ZnO application is considered a sustainable and environmentally safe strategy for improving the biochemical, metabolic, nutritional, and productivity attributes of maize in tropical Savannah regions.

Antibacterial efficacy of a topical skin cream loaded with nano zinc oxide, cetylpyridinium chloride and chlorhexidine gluconate

Nano-based antimicrobial agents are rapidly growing due to their exceptional properties such as biodegradability, biocompatibility, and lower toxicity. On the contrary, commonly synthesized preservatives are more toxic and partially have undesirable side effects on human health and environment. In the present study, a prominent antimicrobial effect of nanoformulation was achieved by in-vitro assessment of five different clinical pathogens such as S. aureus, E. coli, P. aeruginosa, S. typhi, and Shigella along with Zone Inhibition method and time kill study. Penicillin was used as control where the maximum log reduction values reached to four log cycles in skin cream–C with 1.00 % nano zinc oxide (ZnO) and 0.30 % chlorhexidine gluconate (CHG) within 30 s of exposure. However, moderate log reduction was observed in skin cream–B with 1.00 % nano-ZnO and 0.30 % cetylpyridinium chloride (CPC), where the log reduction values reached to four and three log cycles within 30 s of exposure. In contrast, the lower log reduction values were noticed in skin cream–A with 1.00 % nano-ZnO, where the log reduction values reached to two and one log cycles. Thus, outcome of the study demonstrates that the antimicrobial agents (zinc oxide nanoparticles, CPC, and CHG) could be recommended as powerful candidates which exhibit antibacterial effect against bacterial strains in skin care formulations. This study also highlights the use of cream-based disinfectant containing ingredients that moisturizes the skin.

Effect of Dietary Supplementation of Either Zinc Oxide or Nano-Zinc Oxide on Growth Performance, some Serum Biochemical Parameters, Androgen Receptor Gene Expression and Microscopical Structure of the Testis in Growing V-Line Male Rabbits

Effect of Dietary Supplementation of Either Zinc Oxide or Nano-Zinc Oxide on Growth Performance, some Serum Biochemical Parameters, Androgen Receptor Gene Expression and Microscopical Structure of the Testis in Growing V-Line Male Rabbits

Foliar application of graphene oxide, Fe, and Zn on Artemisia dracunculus L. under salinity

Salinity is an abiotic stressor that greatly influences crop growth and yield. Scientists are always exploring diverse methods to combat salinity depression. Here, we conducted a greenhouse experiment to study the effects of NaCl salinity (0, 50, and 100 mM) under the foliar spray with zinc-oxide, nano zinc-oxide, iron-chelate, magnetized-Fe, and graphene-oxide on tarragon. The results revealed that the treatment with foliar spray of graphene showed the highest K+/Na+. Salinity of 50 and 100 mM × all foliar applications increased superoxide dismutase activity, whereas 100 mM NaCl raised the malondialdehyde content to its highest level. All salinity levels × Zn foliar spray improved the catalase activity. The foliar spray and salinity experiment exposed to Zn-treated plants attained the highest contents of essential oils. Proline and total phenolics showed the greatest amounts with 50 and 100 mM of NaCl, respectively. The GC/MS analysis revealed 38 compounds in the oil of Artemisia dracunculus L. as estragole (81-91.8 %) was the most dominant constituent. The highest amounts of estragole were found at 50 and 100 mM NaCl foliar sprayed with ZnO. Cis-Ocimene (0.1-6.4 %) was another major constituent with a high variation between the treatments. The highest cis-ocimene content was recorded at 100 mM NaCl × foliar Fe-chelated and in the graphene treatment. Overall, salinity adversely affected the physiological responses of tarragon; however, foliar spray with both forms of Fe and Zn partially ameliorated the adverse salinity effects.

Effect of nano zinc supplementation on serum biochemical and mineral levels in Malabari kids fed on complete rations with varying energy levels

A study was conducted to assess the effect of dietary supplementation of nano zinc oxide (Zn) on mineral retention and serum mineral levels of Malabari kids. Fifteen Malabari kids of 2-3 months of age were randomly allotted to three dietary treatments with five replicates in each. The dietary treatments were: T1 (Control)- Complete feed containing CP- 14%, TDN- 70%, T2- Complete feed containing CP-14%, TDN- 65% with supplementation of 20 ppm nano zinc, T3 – Complete feed containing CP- 14%, TDN- 60% with supplementation of 20 ppm nano zinc for a period of 90 days. Blood was collected subjected to assess serum mineral status and serum biochemical analysis at end of trial. Serum zinc levels were significantly higher (p<0.05) in group T2 (1.65±0.23 mg/L), T3 (1.77±0.31 mg/L) compared to T1 (0.82±0.07 mg/L) group. Supplementation of nano zinc had no effect on mineral levels of calcium, phosphorous, copper and manganese. Supplementation of nano zinc at 20 ppm had no effect (P>0.05) on haemoglobin (g/dL), serum glucose, total protein, globulin and serum enzymes like ALT (IU/L), AST (IU/L), ALP (IU/L) and creatinine (mg/dL) levels. The study concluded that nano zinc supplementation to complete ration having lower energy (60 % TDN or 65 % TDN) in kids did not alter the serum calcium, phosphorous, copper , manganese and serum biochemical parameters while significantly (p<0.05) higher serum zinc levels was observed showing improved bioavailability.