Nanoporous Layer Research Articles

Plasma Treatment of Metal Surfaces for Enhanced Bonding Strength of Metal–Polymer Hybrid Structures

The adhesion between metals and polymers plays a pivotal role in numerous industrial applications, especially within the automotive and aerospace sectors, where there is a growing demand for materials that are both lightweight and durable. This study introduces an innovative technique to improve the adhesion between a metal and a polymer in hybrid structures through the synergistic use of anodization and plasma treatment. By forming a nanoporous oxide layer on aluminum surfaces, anodization enhances the interface for polymer binding. Plasma treatment further augments the surface properties by increasing the concentration of functional groups, thus allowing better polymer infiltration during the 3D printing process. Comprehensive analyses, including X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, and contact angle measurements confirm the substantial enhancement in the bonding strength achieved through this method. Additionally, cross-sectional analysis via focused ion-beam etching provides a detailed view of polymer integration into the treated layers. The findings suggest significant potential for these surface modification strategies to advance the development of lightweight, robust composites suitable for use in sectors such as automotive, aerospace, and consumer electronics.

Demonstration of UV-A stimulated emission from optical pumping with a nano-porous cladding layer

Abstract We report a room-temperature ultraviolet-A (UV-A) stimulated emission from a multiple-quantum-well laser diode featuring a nano-porous bottom cladding layer on the GaN substrate. For a 1500×15 μm ridge-type edge-emitting laser, we achieved a 372.8 nm emission under optical pumping, with a full-width-half-maximum (FWHM) of less than 2 nm and a threshold optical pumping power density of less than 1.2 MW cm−2. The integration of a nano-porous cladding layer effectively minimizes lattice mismatch, enhances confinement factor, and maintains electrical conductivity. This demonstration expands the potential for developing high-performance UV laser diodes on GaN substrates, overcoming limitations previously imposed by critical thickness contrasts.

Maturation of MOF-Based Sensors for the Electrical Detection of Gaseous Products

The advanced in situ detection of gaseous pollutants, such as NOx, is of great interest in many applications, including the automotive, manufacturing, energy, and defense industries. Current challenges with gas sensors include everything from power consumption, lifetime, and chemical fouling considerations to signal interference from other secondary gases present in complex environments. In this study, we continue the advancement of our low power metal oxide framework (MOF)-based sensors, previously successfully demonstrated for gaseous I2 and NO2 detection.1-5 The sensors, composed of Pt interdigitated electrodes (IDEs) with a nanoporous adsorbent layer, can be tuned to selectively adsorb gases of interest through judicious material selection, and the electrical response directly correlated to gas concentration. The sensors have been successfully demonstrated for the selective detection of trace NOx (1ppm), in complex environments (e.g., presence of H2O, CO2, SO2).6 Direct growth of thin MOF films on surface functionalized IDEs has been shown to result in increased sensor sensitivity and a faster response time.7 Our recent work has investigated the long-term durability and sensitivity of the sensors to NOx, when exposed to dry and humid environments at room temperature and 74°C over the course of three months. It was observed that the Ni-MOF-74-based sensors exhibited superior sensitivity in comparison to Mg-MOF-74 on initial exposure to NOx. On the other hand, the Mg-MOF-74-based sensors exhibited less degradation of the sensor response from prolonged humidity exposure. These findings led to our current work, exploring mixed metal MOF-on-MOF sensors for optimization of both sensor response and long-term performance. Preliminary experimental and modeling performed to elucidate the influence of metal mixing on these metrics will be presented. SNL is managed and operated by NTESS under DOE NNSA contract DE-NA0003525. References Small, L.J and Nenoff, T.M., ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces, 2017, 9 (51), 44649.Small, L.J., et al., Meso. Mater., 2019, 280, 82.Small, L.J., et al., ACS App. Mater. Interfaces, 2019, 11 (31), 27982.Small, L.J., et al., Funct. Mater., 2020, 30 (50), 2006598.Small, L.J., et al., I&ECR, 2021, 60, 21, 7998.Small, L.J., et al., ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces, 2023, 15 (31), 37675.Henkelis, S.E, et al., Membranes, 2021, 11 (3), 176.Percival, S.J., et al., I&ECR, 2023, 62, (5), 2336.

Effects of Composition and Texture of Ti Alloys on the Anodic Growth of Nanotubular Oxide Layers

Anodization has been used to fabricate nanoporous and nanotubular oxide layers on many metals and alloys. Solution chemistry is one of the important factors that affect the growth of the layers. On the other hand, metallurgical aspects have been also examined. In the present work, effects of composition and texture on the growth of anodic nanotubular oxide layers are examined, in particular Ti alloys are focused.

Synergistic effects of calcium and zinc on bio-functionalized 3D Ti cancellous bone scaffold with enhanced osseointegration capacity in rabbit model

The present research aims to develop a Ca-Zn ion-incorporated surface functionalized 3D Ti cancellous bone scaffold for bone defect repair. The scaffold is designed to mimic human cancellous bone architecture through selective laser melting-based additive manufacturing. The chemical-based surface modification approach employed here created a Ca and Zn ions incorporated nano-porous surface layer with enhanced surface roughness and hydrophilicity. The modified biomimetic scaffold improved the corrosion resistance behaviour with ICORR and ECORR values of 0.174 mA and 0.0097 V respectively. It is learned that incorporating Zn as ZnO over the scaffold has antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. The cellular response of MG-63 to the modified scaffold was evaluated through in-vitro studies which focus on the cytocompatible properties. The intra-osseous biomimetic Ti-Na-Ca:Zn 3D scaffold revealed significant improvement in the osseointegration capabilities in terms of bone mineral density (BMD) and bone volume/total volume (BV/TV) in the rabbit model. The osseointegration potential at the Ti-Na-Ca:Zn interface was evidenced by histological analysis and micro-CT imaging. In addition to this, the remarkable upregulation of osteogenic genes such as OCN, COL1A1, OPN, ALP, RUNX2, and OSX evidences the dynamics of the osseointegration process at each surgical period. This Ca and Zn surface functionalised porous architecture of the 3D Ti cancellous bone scaffold with enhanced biological response and bone integration can potentially give insights into implant customisation along with improved clinical outcomes.

Spectral dependence of photoelecrochemical water splitting by silver nanoporous layers

Spectral dependence of photoelecrochemical water splitting by silver nanoporous layers

Research on corrosion behavior and biocompatibility of NiTi alloy processed with combined dealloying and annealing treatment

This paper presents a novel method to prepare hydrophilic nanoporous functional surface with combined dealloying and annealing treatment to improve the corrosion resistance and biocompatibility of NiTi components. Surface modification mechanism is discussed with microscopic characterization of NiTi nanoporous structures. Hydrophilic and biocompatible performance is achieved through specifically tailoring the dimensions and chemical compositions of nanoporous layer. The corrosion resistance of NiTi samples is investigated in 0.9 wt% NaCl solution and evaluated with potentiodynamic polarization and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy tests. The results indicate that material corrosion resistance is significantly enhanced with TiO2 formation during dealloying treatment, while annealing promotes the oxidation and densification of dealloyed layer raising the energy barrier for ion transportation during corrosion. Furthermore, as the dealloying temperature increases, the surface defects of the sample decrease resulting in better corrosion resistance. The research can provide guidance for NiTi surface modification to enhance its biomedical applications.

Mechanism of Anodic Dissolution of Tungsten in Sulfate–Fluoride Solutions

Thin passive films on tungsten play an important role during the surface levelling of the metal for various applications and during the initial stages of electrochemical synthesis of thick, nanoporous layers that perform well as photo-absorbers and photo-catalysts for light-assisted water splitting. In the present work, the passivation of tungsten featuring metal dissolution and thin oxide film formation is studied by a combination of in situ electrochemical (voltammetry and impedance spectroscopy) and spectro-electrochemical methods coupled with ex situ surface oxide characterization by XPS. Voltametric and impedance data are successfully reproduced by a kinetic model featuring oxide growth and dissolution coupled with the recombination of point defects, as well as a multistep tungsten dissolution reaction at the oxide/electrolyte interface. The model is in good agreement with the spectro-electrochemical data on soluble oxidation products and the surface chemical composition of the passive oxide.

Flexible noble-metal-free Fe-based metallic glasses as highly efficient oxygen evolution electrodes

Developing low-cost, and efficient oxygen evolution reaction (OER) electrodes with high flexibility is critical for hydrogen production. Here, flexible noble-metal-free Fe-based metallic glassy OER electrodes were fabricated via an electrochemical dealloying method combined with a dipping process. The sample requires a low overpotential of 258 mV to achieve a current density of 10 mA cm−2 in 1 M KOH solution, and the Tafel slope is 51.7 mV/dec. Galvanostatic test proved the excellent electrochemical stability of the electrodes. The highly efficient performance mainly originated from the high-energy disordered amorphous microstructure combined with the doping effect of nickel. Furthermore, the unique double-layer structure of the nanoporous surface covered with amorphous sheets increased the contact area of the samples. The ductile amorphous matrix together with the amorphous sheets tightly bonded on the nanoporous layer results in high flexibility of the electrodes. Our work provides a simple strategy to fabricate flexible amorphous OER electrodes.

The design of nano-porous photocatalytic intermediate layer to fabricate the copper layer on AlN ceramic with high bonding strength through the interlocking microstructure

AlN ceramic is the potential substrate for high-performance printed circuit board with the rapid development of electronic industry due to the superior thermal and electrical property, while its metallization still faces the issues of thermal stress and weak interface bonding with existing technology. Herein, a convenient design is proposed to achieve the Cu deposition on the surface of AlN substrate, the TiO2 containing photocatalytic intermediate layer is prefabricated on AlN substrate with silica and titania mixed sol, and induces the autocatalytic deposition of electroless copper plating under ultraviolet irradiation. Compared with Cu deposition with Pd activation treatment, the bonding strength between Cu layer and AlN substrate is significantly enhanced with the intermediate layer, this is ascribed to the formed nano-porous microstructure of the sintered intermediate layer facilitating the penetration of plating bath, and the mechanical anchoring effect derived from the interlocking microstructure between Cu layer and intermediate layer contributes to the improved bonding strength. This new method realizes the metallization of AlN ceramic with high interfacial bonding strength and low cost compared with the traditional joining technology, and provides a potential reference for the surface metallization of inert material.

Surface Engineering of Anodic WO3 Layers by In Situ Doping for Light-Assisted Water Splitting.

This study presents a novel approach to fabricating anodic Co-F-WO3 layers via a single-step electrochemical synthesis, utilizing cobalt fluoride as a dopant source in the electrolyte. The proposed in situ doping technique capitalizes on the high electronegativity of fluorine, ensuring the stability of CoF2 throughout the synthesis process. The nanoporous layer formation, resulting from anodic oxide dissolution in the presence of fluoride ions, is expected to facilitate the effective incorporation of cobalt compounds into the film. The research explores the impact of dopant concentration in the electrolyte, conducting a comprehensive characterization of the resulting materials, including morphology, composition, optical, electrochemical, and photoelectrochemical properties. The successful doping of WO3 was confirmed by energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Raman spectroscopy, photoluminescence measurements, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and Mott-Schottky analysis. Optical studies reveal lower absorption in Co-doped materials, with a slight shift in band gap energies. Photoelectrochemical (PEC) analysis demonstrates improved PEC activity for Co-doped layers, with the observed shift in photocurrent onset potential attributed to both cobalt and fluoride ions catalytic effects. The study includes an in-depth discussion of the observed phenomena and their implications for applications in solar water splitting, emphasizing the potential of the anodic Co-F-WO3 layers as efficient photoelectrodes. In addition, the research presents a comprehensive exploration of the electrochemical synthesis and characterization of anodic Co-F-WO3, emphasizing their photocatalytic properties for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER). It was found that Co-doped WO3 materials exhibited higher PEC activity, with a maximum 5-fold enhancement compared to pristine materials. Furthermore, the studies demonstrated that these photoanodes can be effectively reused for PEC water-splitting experiments.

Hybrid Strategy for In Situ Shaping of Zeolite‐Imidazolate‐Frameworks into Polymeric Macrocapsule: Toward Practical Applications of Rare Earth Element Recovery

AbstractThe efficient recovery of rare earth elements (REEs) from secondary sources is an urgent global challenge. Although zeolite‐imidazolate‐framework‐8 (ZIF‐8) has unique advantages for REE recovery, its nanopowder form poses a significant obstacle to its practical application. Herein, the study proposes a novel in situ strategy for shaping ZIF‐8 into hierarchical 3D center‐radial channels of a polymeric macrocapsule (PMC) via a hybrid approach. Core–shell‐type ZIF‐8‐PMC hybrids (ZIF‐8@PMC) with the intrinsic physicochemical properties of ZIF‐8 are synthesized by combining counter‐diffusion‐based in situ growth and phase transformation, enabling unprecedented REE recovery of 463.6 and 580 mg g−1 for Nd3+ and Dy3+, respectively, which are superior to that of traditional encapsulating protocols. Moreover, ZIF‐8@PMC exhibits good applicability in the simulated permanent magnet leachate with recovery efficiencies of 92.5% (Nd3+) and 81.8% (Dy3+), after five repetitive cycles because of its protective nanoporous shell layer that prevents the release of in situ‐shaped ZIF‐8 to the exterior and invasion of external particulates into the PMC. Overall, these findings demonstrate the suitability of PMC as an ideal platform for the in situ shaping of ZIF‐8 and the application of the newly proposed protocol as a promising approach to expand the applicability of ZIF‐8 in various fields.

SYNTHESIS AND CHARACTERISTICS OF ZnS NANOWIRES

The creation of a nanoporous silicon dioxide layer in the a-SiO2/Si-n structure was accomplished by irradiation with xenon ions at a cyclotron and then chemical etching with an aqueous solution of hydrogen fluoride with the addition of palladium. The truncated cone-shaped nanopores had diameters ranging from 486 to 509 nm. Then ZnS nanowires synthesized by electrochemical deposition (ECD) method, depending on the voltage at the electrodes of the electrolytic cell and as a result zinc sulfide nanowires with cubic structure and spatial symmetry group F-43m (216) were obtained. The sample is characterized by (111), (200), (220), (331) (311) planes, respectively, which is in good agreement with the cubic phase of ZnS. The charge-voltage characteristics (CVC) of ZnS showed that an n-type conductivity semiconductor was formed. Measurements of the photoluminescence (PL) spectra of ZnS were recorded on a CM 2203 spectrofluorimeter. The PL spectra were recorded in the range of 250 nm to 450 nm at room temperature. The PL spectra of the precipitated precipitates reveals emission in a wide UV-visible spectral range. It can be seen that the luminescence spectra have quite complex components and can be divided into five Gaussian curves. As can be seen the FL spectrum of the deposited ZnS consists of bands at 3.15 eV, 3.3 eV, 3.4 eV, 3.55 eV and 3.73 eV. Also analyzing the spectra energy dispersive analysis showed that the ZnS nanoproofs consist of Zn – 42.5% and S – 57.5%.

Interfacial design of support substrate for a continuous mesophase-templated active layer with adjustable pore size

Nano-porous active layers templated by hexagonal lyotropic liquid crystal (HLLC) offer a continuous water pathway, rendering them promising for membrane separation applications of high performance. The surface properties, such as surface roughness, hydrophilicity and pore size, of commercially available ultrafiltration membranes usually need to be optimized to better support the active layer. Here, we apply a facile yet potent thermal treatment process to a polyacrylonitrile ultrafiltration (UPAN) substrate and form a continuous HLLC separation layer. The enhancement in water filtration performance is largely influenced by the surface roughness of the substrates. As the temperature increases, the UPAN substrates become rougher due to approaching the glass transition temperature of polyacrylonitrile. This leads to a denser HLLC active layer with smaller pores. For the membranes treated at a temperature of 100 °C, their water flux reaches 17 L/m2h, which is 10 times higher than that of the membranes treated at 85 °C, and the PEG4000 rejection increases by almost 50 % from 42 % to 59 %. This heat treatment process offers a novel approach to fabricate mesophase-templated active layers with adjustable pore sizes, thus advancing membrane separation techniques.

Nanosecond laser-induced crystallization of SiOx/Au bilayers in air and vacuum

High-quality polycrystalline silicon films on low-cost and low-temperature substrates have attracted much attention as promising materials for high-speed thin-film transistors and thin-film solar cells fabrication. To obtain poly-Si films on low temperature substrates, several concepts have been proposed. Usually the amorphous material undergoes crystallization which can be achieved by various methods including solid-phase crystallization, metal-induced crystallization or liquid-phase crystallization. In this work, we tried to combine the advantages of metal-induced crystallization and liquid-phase crystallization. To achieve this we explored the nanosecond laser crystallization of a bilayer structure consisting of Au and SiO0.1 layers with thicknesses of 30 nm and 130 nm, respectively. The study reveals that when exposed to 532 nm wavelength radiation leads to its destruction due to rupture. On the other hand, when subjected to 1064 nm wavelength radiation, no similar material behavior is observed, and the measured modification threshold is 0.15 J/cm2, representing a 40 % reduction compared to SiO0.1 film without gold. It is demonstrated that at laser fluences of 0.35 J/cm2 and higher, the treatedsurfaceinair becomes enriched with silicon dioxidenanoporous coating, attributed to the return of evaporation products to the target surface. Theoretical modeling, assuming thermal evaporation of the coating, suggests that the undesirable nanoporous layer formation can be avoided.

Corrosion inhibition of stainless steel through the formation of hydrophobic nanoporous oxide layer

This study investigates anti-corrosion properties of anodized and hydrophobically modified anodized SUS 304 stainless steel (SS 304). Utilizing electrochemical anodization and subsequent annealing, a well-ordered hexagonally closed-packed nanoporous oxide layer on the SS 304 surface, designated as AAS, was successfully developed. Then, a self-assembled monolayer of silane molecules, namely, octadecyltrimethoxysilane (ODTS) and 1 H,1 H,2 H,2 H-perfluorooctyltriethoxysilane (PFTS), was formed on the nanoporous oxide layer of annealed-anodized SS 304. The FTIR study confirmed the formation of the self-assembly of silane molecules on nanoporous oxide surface. The self-assembled monolayers exhibited hydrophobic surface where hydrophobicity increases with increase of silane molecule concentration and gives a water contact angles measure of 127.60° and ∼ 128.83° for 0.50 wt% ODTS and 0.50 wt% PFTS, respectively. The potentiodynamic polarization study revealed a corrosion rate of 1.485 × 10−3 mm year−1 for AAS, 0.614 × 10−3 mm year−1 for 0.50 wt% ODTS-AAS, and 0.348 × 10−3 mm year−1 for 0.50 wt% PFTS-AAS. This represents a significant reduction in corrosion rate compared to bare stainless steel (4.385 × 10−3 mm year−1) when exposed to a simulated sea water environment. The AAS, 0.50 wt% ODTS-AAS and 0.50 wt% PFTS-AAS exhibited corrosion inhibition efficiency of 66.13 %, 85.97 % and 92.06 %, respectively. Electrochemical impedance analysis revealed that PFTS exhibits roughly double the effective charge transfer resistance of ODTS and 7.4 times higher than that of annealed anodized stainless steel, confirming superior corrosion inhibition capability. Overall, this research illuminates the mechanism behind self-assembled monolayer formation, resulting in the development of hydrophobic surfaces and the inhibition of corrosion on nanoporous oxide layers on stainless steel surfaces.

Multifunctional tri-layer aramid nanofiber composite separators for high-energy-density lithium-sulfur batteries

Lithium-sulfur (Li-S) battery has attracted much attention due to their high theoretical energy density. However, severe shuttling effect, sluggish reaction kinetics and uncontrolled dendrite formation of Li anode greatly deter their practical applications. Different to conventional separator engineering strategies that are always focused on surface coating of functional interlayer on commercial polyolefin separators, herein, we proposed a structural engineering tactic by rationally tuning the porous structure and composition of the p-aramid nanofiber (ANF) composite separator to address simultaneously the above problems. A two-step film-casting process combined with a phase inversion approach was developed to fabricate a multifunctional tri-layer ANF composite separator. This innovative separator was especially engineered to comprise a conductive and catalytic NiFe2O4 modified multi-walled carbon nanotubes/ANF layer for rapid and efficient conversion of lithium polysulfides, a microporous ANF layer for fast ion transport, and a dense nanoporous ANF layer for lithium dendrite inhibition. This tri-layer ANF-based separator possessed high porosity, excellent thermal stability, and superb electrolyte wettability. Batteries with the tri-layer ANF- based separator exhibited outstanding cyclic stability with high capacity of >3 mAh cm−2 at high sulfur loading (4 mg cm−2) and high current density (4 mA cm−2). This work opens up new opportunities for design of functional separators based on high performance polymers using the structural engineering strategy.

Influence of electrolytic plasma spatial distribution on nanoporous structure etching on 4H-SiC surface

Single-crystal SiC nanoporous structure has important applications in the field of micro electromechanical systems, chemical sensors and biomedical devices. However, SiC exhibits a strong chemical inertness due to the short interatomic distance and high binding energy, making it significantly challenging to fabricate nanoporous structure. Electrolytic plasma-assisted chemical etching (EPACE) based on electrochemical anodic oxidation and high-activity electrolytic plasma etching is an ideal method for SiC nanoporous structure etching. In which, the spatial distribution of electrolytic plasma has an important impact on EPACE performance, such as etching efficiency and stability. In order to analyze the impact mechanism, this paper studies EPACE in tool electrode mounting posture of vertical and horizontal types by visual observation, real-time recording of voltage-current waveforms during processing, and the morphology analysis of SiC nanoporous structure after etching. It can be found that in the vertical etching type, EPACE can proceed stably because the workpiece immersion depth is greater than the bubble accumulation thickness. However, in the horizontal etching type, bubbles accumulate seriously between the workpiece and the liquid surface, which may cause bubble cavitation and abnormal discharge, leading to damage to the etching surface. The etching current in the vertical etching type is about 1.3 times that of the horizontal etching type, indicating that the bubble mass transfer in the vertical etching type is faster and the etching impedance is smaller, which is beneficial to improve the etching efficiency and obtain a uniform nanoporous structure. Finally, a SiC nanoporous layer with a thickness of 10.6 μm was prepared at etching time t = 50 min in vertical etching type, and the etching efficiency was 212 nm/min. In addition, the prepared nanoporous structure (nanofiber) was connected to the SiC substrate, indicating that it has a good bonding strength.

Effects of dealloying surface modification on machinability improvement of NiTi alloy during micro-machining process

In this work, a novel dealloying assisted machining (DAM) method is proposed to modify the machinability of a typical high toughness NiTi alloy. The DAM method can produce nanoporous layer on workpiece surface through dealloying process. Under different cutting depths, micro-milling experiments are performed on workpieces with and without dealloying surface modification. The results indicate that the embrittlement effect of nanoporous layer induce ductile to brittle transition during material removal process leading to the fragmented chip formation. Consequently, the cutting force and temperature decrease by over 14% and 12%, respectively. Meanwhile, the tool wear is alleviated and the machined surface quality is improved. The proposed method can also provide guidance for micro machining of other difficult-to-machine materials.

Fabrication of reusable bioprotective nanofabric with passive nano-Ag/Joule thermal disinfection properties for real-time wireless fine biomotion and gesture sensing

The frequent outbreaks of new infectious diseases, with increased difficulty in prevention and control, have raised higher requirements for bio-protective smart textiles. However, current wearable sensing materials face challenges with thermal and humidity comfort, bioprotection, reusability, self-disinfection, and wireless real-time sensing ability. Herein, an ultralight and breathable sandwich-structured interlayer nanofiber composite consisting of two outer microporous layers of polyimide nanofibers embedded with AgNPs (Ag@PINFs) and one nanoporous conductive layer (＜100 nm) of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have been demonstrated by in-situ reduction, electrospinning, and suction filtration to improve the triboelectric output performance and impart passive/active self-disinfection abilities to triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs). The TENG was designed with a triple bio-protection function. This included a passive physical barrier effect, nano-Ag active disinfection, and active Joule-heat disinfection function, which ensures the reusability of TENG. As-prepared TENG possessed the following advantages: (i) good moisture-penetrability; (ii) good water and blood penetration resistance (≥17.2 kPa; ≥7kpa); (iii) improved triboelectric output performances (∼1.6 W/m2 at Ag content of 500 mg/kg); (iv) ultrahigh UV resistance (UPF＞6480); (v) high particle and wet/dry microbial filtration performance (PFE = 99.95%; wet microbial penetration time＞75 min; penetrated dry microbial: lg(cfu)=0); (vi) active bactericidal abilities with killing rates of ∼100% against E. Coli and S. aureus at Ag content of ≥ 70 mg/kg; (vii) high Joule heat self-disinfection efficiency with killing rates of 100% at applied voltage of ≥ 5 V; (viii) a wireless real-time sensing ability to distinguish fine biomotion such as swallowing, coughing, and normal speech and shouting, as well as recognizing hand gesture by developed two/four-channel wearable wireless monitoring system (∼18 g). The TENG has trinity performances including bio-protection, self-disinfection, and wireless fine biomotion and gesture sensing, which has potential applications in medical field.