Nano Micro Research Articles

The emerging risk of exposure to nano(micro)plastics on endocrine disturbance and reproductive toxicity: From a hypothetical scenario to a global public health challenge

Humans are potentially exposed to nano(micro)plastics, however their interaction with tissues and cells in humans remains largely unknown. This premise is particularly notable with nano-sized plastic particulates, a potentially most pernicious form of plastic pollution. In this study, even in a hypothetical scenario in terms of dose (1, 3, 6 and 10 mg/kg-day) and exposure time (five weeks), the potential endocrine disturbances with particular reference to reproductive toxicity of polystyrene nanoplastics (PS NPs, average size = 38.92 nm) was studied in male rats considering biomarkers of semen quality, changes in hormonal milieu and molecular signatures of endocrine disruption. Sperm DNA integrity and its chromatin structure were also analyzed. There observed significant inverse associations between exposure to PS NPs and serum concentrations of testosterone, luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH). Tissue and cell impairments were also noticed even at the lowest tested dosage, though the severity of lesions followed a clear dose-response pattern. DNA damage as well as alterations in sperm morphology and viability were evident, again proportionally with the amount of exposure dosage. RT-qPCR data were in accordance with the results of physio-histological alterations and fluorescence imaging, as significant down-regulation of PLZF, DAZL, FSH and LH gene expressions were noticed in the testis of exposed animals, suggesting that exposure interferes with spermatogenesis and also with HPT-axis. However, among those with highest exposure dosage, expressions of FSH and LH were significantly increased. ABP modulation further revealed evidence of a nonlinear dose response. The association between PS NPs exposure and GnRH was indeed in an unexpected positive direction, though these end-points were less sensitive at higher doses. Although additional evidence is warranted, the present work provides new insights into the possible risks of plastic nanoparticles exposure in humans, especially since the problem is growing and will persist for a long time.

Investigation on space charge and charge trap characteristics of gamma‐irradiated epoxy micro–nano composites

Epoxy nano–micro composite specimen prepared with micro silica and ion trapping nanoparticle, by shear mixing process, was exposed to gamma radiation and its performance for space charge and charge trap characteristics were analysed. The threshold for space charge accumulation of epoxy nanocomposites reduces and rate of space charge accumulation increases with an increase in dosage of gamma irradiation. The average growth of space charge density during poling and charge decay rate during depoling are relatively higher for gamma-irradiated specimens than the virgin specimen. The initial surface potential has a marginal reduction with increase in the dosage of gamma radiation, but the surface potential decay rate has increased significantly. Trap distribution characteristics indicate more number of shallow traps and increase in charge mobility after irradiation. The relative permittivity and loss tangent of the specimens have high impact due to gamma irradiation. The activation energy calculated from DC conductivity by Arrhenius law reduces with increment in radiation dose. Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy reflected no change in elemental composition with gamma-irradiated specimen. The variation in plasma temperature and ion line to atomic line intensity ratio with dosage of gamma radiation have direct correlation to the Vickers hardness number of the specimens.

Effect of wash coat layers on the conversion efficiency of a catalytic converter in the SI engine

The present work deals with the effect of different wash coat layers such as micro alumina, nano alumina and yttria on the reduction of HC, CO emissions when compared to base line emissions. The morphology of various wash coat materials was characterised by means of a scanning electron microscope. The experimental investigations were carried out in a four-stroke spark ignition engine before and after ageing of catalytic converters. The decrease in HC and CO emissions was found to be in the order of nano alumina, yttria dual and micro alumina when compared to base line readings before ageing. The decreases in HC and CO emissions were found to be in the order of yttria dual, nano alumina and micro alumina when compared to base line readings after ageing. The maximum conversion of yttria dual can be attributed to the adhesion properties of the wash coat with the substrate.

Photocatalytic activity and the electron transport mechanism of titanium dioxide microsphere/porphyrin implanted with small size copper.

To obtain efficient photocatalysts by coupling architectures, developing novel materials and elucidating the charge transport mechanism at the semiconductor interface are vital. Herein, a special nanocomposite (TiO2 microsphere/CuNPs/THPP) for photocatalytic hydrogen production was facilely fabricated with copper nanoparticles (CuNPs) as the interfacial linker of the TiO2 microspheres and meso-tetra(p-hydroxypheny)porphyrin (THPP). The assembly mode of the nanocomposite was studied in detail. It was found that the CuNPs implanted at the interface of the TiO2 microspheres and THPP can dramatically strengthen the interaction between the TiO2 microspheres and THPP, and improve the separation and transfer of photo-produced charges. Therefore, the nanocomposite displayed excellent performance for photocatalytic hydrogen production. Moreover, by recycling hydrogen production, it is demonstrated that the nanocomposite was a highly efficient and long-term stable photocatalyst. By investigating the energy band location and the charge transfer, the photocatalytic mechanism over the special nanocomposite was explored and proposed to explain the better activity of the TiO2 microsphere/CuNPs/THPP photocatalytic system. It will be helpful to provide deep insights into the construction of efficient photocatalytic systems.

Silk fibroins in multiscale dimensions for diverse applications.

Silk biomaterials in different forms such as particles, coatings and their assemblies, represent unique type of materials in multiple scales and dimensions. Herein, we provide an overview of multi-scale silk fibroin materials including silk particles, silk coatings and silk assemblies, each of which represents a unique type of material with wide range of applications. They feature tunable structures and mechanical properties with excellent biocompatibility, which are essentially required for various biomedical and drug delivery applications. The review focuses on bringing a new perspective on the utilization of regenerated silk fibroins in modern biomedicine by beginning with the fabrication of silk in multiscale dimensions and their state-of-the-art applications in various biomedical and bioelectronic fields. It covers the fundamentals of processing silk fibroins in multi-dimensions (sizes and shapes) with a specific emphasis on its structural tunability at various length scales (nano–micro) by using the latest fabrication methods/mechanisms and advanced fabrication technologies, followed by their recent applications in diverse fields of biomedicine.

On the electrical characterization of focused ion/electron beam fabricated platinum and tungsten nano wires

Focused Ion Beam (FIB) has been found to be a rapid, powerful and versatile tool for the maskless fabrication of nano/micro structures. Focused Electron Beam (FEB) assisted deposition and inspection, with FIB, expands the capability of the fabrication technique. An e-beam is less harmful than an ion beam. The fabricated structures have high potential in making Nano Electro-Mechanical Systems (NEMS) and Micro Electro-Mechanical Systems (MEMS). FIB/FEB made structures can also be fruitfully exploited as a gas sensor, temperature sensor, mass sensor, etc. Characterizing and analyzing different properties of FIB/FEB made nano/micro structures also carries importance from the point of view of understanding basic science in the nano regime. In this paper, we report the electrical properties of W and Pt nano wires fabricated using FIB and FEB. Pt and W nano wires were fabricated using FIB/FEB assisted Chemical Vapour Deposition (CVD) process with different dimensions, ranging from 45 nm to 300 nm, and lengths, ranging from 2 μm to 10 μm. In situ resistivity measurements of the nano wires were carried out. The resistivity of the nano wires was found to be higher than their bulk values. These results are understood on the basis of the O, C and Ga incorporation in the nano wires, as characterized from (EDS) analysis.

Ni or FeO nanocrystal-integrated hollow (solid) N-doped carbon nanospheres: preparation, characterization and electrochemical properties

In this paper, phase-pure monodisperse NiO nanocrystals were prepared in a temperature-dependent manner via a thermal decomposition approach, showing sphere-like shapes and snowflake-like NiO arrays. Such hydrophobic NiO nanocrystals were converted into hydrophilic nickel oxide-sodium oleate-Pluronic P123 (NiO-SO-P123) micelles in aqueous solution. Phenolic resin (PR) formed in situ was successfully deposited on the hydrophilic area of the NiO-SO-P123 micelles via a heterogeneous nucleation mechanism to form NiO-phenolic resin nanospheres (NiO-PRNSs) with uniform particle size. By adjusting the size and amount of NiO nanocrystals used, the diameter of the obtained NiO-PRNSs can be effectively controlled from 185 to 103 nm, and a narrow size distribution is seen, revealing the effects of the NiO nanocrystals on the reconstructed NiO-integrated micellar size. Meanwhile, the morphology (ring buoy, semi-bowl, sphere) depends upon the initial amount of NiO. The carbonization of NiO-PRNSs produced Ni(0)-integrated hollow N-doped carbon nanospheres (Ni(0)-HNCNSs), which involved the conversion of NiO to Ni(0) and the contraction of particle size, and the size and distribution was affected by the starting amount of NiO. However, upon using monodisperse and polyhedral FeO nanocrystals, the obtained FeO-free/-incompletely-filled/-fully-filled core-shell structured Fe-PRNSs showed relatively uniform particle size, except for when multiple FeO cores formed large FeO-PR nanospheres after starting with the same initial FeO size. The carbonized FeO-HNCNSs still preserved a pomegranate-like core-shell structure with uniform size and there was no change in the size of the FeO nanocrystals. Moreover, high-loaded Ni(0)-integrated hollow or solid N-doped carbon microspheres or flakes can be synthesized via a one-pot method, but with a broad size range, showing highly uniform Ni distribution with a Ni size as small as 8.5 nm. Note that Ni(0)- and FeO-HNCNSs were prepared for the first time according to our knowledge. Finally, low-loaded Ni- and FeO-HNCNSs with uniform morphology and size were chosen as representatives to investigate their electrochemical properties for lithium-ion batteries (LIBs), showing excellent lithium storage properties and superior reversibility. This study provides a potential strategy for controlling the sizes and morphologies of metal-integrated carbon materials to obtain adjustable electrochemical properties.

Effect of nano fertilization on sugar beet

Sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.) ranks second important sugar crop in the world. The aim of the herein trial is to study the effect of mineral and nano-nitrogen fertilizer (Sissay) and a mix of three micro elements (boron, zinc and manganese) on growth and yield in sugar beet plants. Two greenhouse experiments were carried out at the experimental farm of the Faculty of Agriculture, Nasr city, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt during 2016/2017 and 2017/2018 seasons. The experiments were laid out in a complete randomized block design with four replications. The obtained results showed that the treatment had mineral nitrogen at a rate of 54 or 90 Kg N per feddan + nano Sissay (810 g/ feddan) + a mix of nano micro elements (200 ppm) gave the highest values of relative growth rate, net assimilation rate over 60 to 90 days from sowing date, root weight, sucrose percentage and sugar yield per plant at harvest time as compared with all other studied treatments in both seasons. Control treatment (without fertilization) gave the lowest values. In conclusion, using nano-nitrogen fertilizer (Sissay) and micronutrients (B, Zn and Mn) with mineral nitrogen fertilizer can save around 40% from recommended doses of mineral nitrogen fertilizer.

Plasma sprayed nano refractory coatings

Nano powders may be reconstituted into micron sized plasma sprayable powders either by using a spray drier or a manual process by employing organic binders to agglomerate them. This paper deals with the synthesis of nano sized alumino-silicate plasma sprayable powders and plasma sprayed coatings prepared from them. Nano sized raw materials involving kyanite and andalusite refractory powders were converted into plasma sprayable powders by using polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) binders. The preparation methodology involved obtaining free flowing, micron sized agglomerated nano –alumino-silicates particles which could be plasma spray coated by using an Atmospheric Spray Coating Facility. About 220 microns thick nano-alumino silicate coatings were deposited on 75 microns thick commercial NiCrAlY bond coat on stainless steel substrates. The challenges involved in plasma spray coating the nano material with low density was in obtaining good deposition efficiency, retaining the nano micro structures and the structural phase composition of the coating. The coatings were evaluated for materials characteristics such as crystal structural phase via XRD, microstructure via SEM and chemical composition via EDS. The microstructure depicted fine grained nano-sized surface morphologies, kyanite and andalusite phase structure, with high potential for application as refractory coatings.

Effects of Nanopowder Addition on Rheological Properties of Feedstock for Micropowder Injection Moulding Process

Micropowder injection moulding (μPIM) is an ideal alternative for miniaturization of parts because of its ability to produce complex micro-geometries at low manufacturing cost. Utilizing bimodal powder mixtures in feedstock can increase packing density and densification of parts fabricated via μPIM. This study investigated the feedstock consists of nano-micro 316L stainless steel powder-and polyethylene glycol-based binder system. The flowability of different feedstocks was evaluated using rheological parameters, including critical powder volume concentration (CPVC), melt viscosity, activation energy, and rheological index. Results showed that mixing nanopowders with micropowders increases CPVC from 67.66 vol.% (pure micropowder) to 78.33 vol.%. The nano-micropowder feedstock showed viscosity below 45 Pa·s and shear rate in the range of 102 s−1 to 105 s−1, which are suitable for the μPIM process. The determined flow index values ranged from 0.25 to 0.76, and the reduced n values at high temperature with the addition of nanopowder indicated a possible increase in shear-thinning behavior. A defect-free microsample was obtained at an injection temperature of 85°C with sintering at 1200°C. Using the nano–micro bimodal powders, the hardness of the obtained samples also increased from 182 HV to 221 HV, with strength of 501 MPa, which is higher than that of the sample obtained with the use of micropowder only (435 MPa).

Bioactivity of catalase loaded into vaterite CaCO3 crystals via adsorption and co-synthesis

Protein therapy gained a reputation of the most direct and safe approach for treating various diseases, yet biodegradation and loss of bioactivity of fragile therapeutic proteins limit their wide medical use. Recently, a new hard templating technology using decomposable mesoporous vaterite CaCO3 crystals became extremely popular strategy for formulation of protein nano(micro)-vectors. This study deciphers how protein bioactivity depends on protein loading/release for this technology utilizing catalase as a promising antioxidant therapeutic agent. Catalase has been loaded into CaCO3 using two approaches: i) passive - via adsorption (ADS) into pre-formed crystals and ii) active - via co-synthesis (COS) in the pH range 8–10. Crystal morphology, protein secondary structure and enzymatic bioactivity, and protein retention upon washing are assessed. The activity reduction (∼70% for COS and ∼20% for ADS) is caused by both protein exposure to an alkaline medium and protein aggregation induced by Ca2+. The aggregation significantly governs protein release kinetics. Catalase loading into the crystals is pH-independent and van der Waals interactions dominate over the electrostatics, while catalase activity strongly depends on pH. This study implicates the prime role of loading/release mechanism in the preservation of protein bioactivity and guide for the control over the retention of protein bioactivity.

Rapid enamel deposition on Sprague Dawley after nano calcium supplementation during pregnancy

Calcium is one of the most important minerals needed during hard tissue development. The preparation of this material into nano-sized particle is carried out to enhance the bioavailability and distribution of calcium in the body. Lack of calcium during odontogenesis causes defect in enamel such as hypoplasia and hypomineralization. During amelogenesis, after secretion of organic matrices, enamel mineralization will start in the presence of calcium. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of nano calcium supplementation during pregnancy on enamel development. In this study, 3-month-old female Sprague Dawley were mated and divided into three groups: nano calcium group (A), micro calcium group (B), and negative control group (C). The treatment was started on day 1 of pregnancy to day 1 after birth by intragastric administration method. The mandibles of 6 pups from each group were collected and stained with hematoxylin and eosin. Examination was conducted using microscope. Enamel deposition was measured using Optilab Image Raster® and the data collected was analyzed using t-test. Histological section of mandibular right first molar on Sprague Dawley newborn pups showed that enamel was observed on day 1 after birth but only on the group treated with nano calcium and micro calcium. Statistical analysis performed showed that the difference between the two groups was significant (p<0.05). From this study it can be concluded that the administration of nano calcium during pregnancy leads to rapid enamel deposition on Sprague Dawley pups.

Study of nano bioactive glass for use as bone biomaterial comparison with micro bioactive glass behaviour

This research is based on the study of bioactivity kinetic in function of the glass particles size. Bioactive glasses have been elaborated in the ternary system SiO2-CaO-P2O5. Nano bioactive glass and micro bioactive glass have been synthesized by using two different processes. They are destined for use as bone biomaterials. The comparison was focused on the kinetic of the development of a calcium phosphate layer on their surfaces after immersion in a Simulated Body Fluid (SBF). The first bioactive glass BG is a melting-made glass with a particles size of about 60 μm. The second bioactive glass NBG is a sol-gel made glass through an emulsion system of synthesized particles of about 110 nm. The growing of the calcium phosphate layer at the surface of the glasses has been followed using several physicochemical techniques. Obtained results show the development of a calcium phosphate layer similar to carbonated hydroxyapatite. It crystallises in a hexagonal system with an P63/m space group. While melting-made glass needs 14 days to develop carbonated hydroxyapatite like crystal, sol-gel needs only 3 days to develop similar crystals. This difference offers wide opportunities and complementarities for the use of nano or micro bioactive glasses in the biomedical field.

Understanding the influence of nano micro filler on electrical and mechanical behaviour of epoxy nanocomposites

The study of epoxy nano micro composites clearly indicates that the material has better dielectric properties with a good discharge resistance and less surface charge accumulation on its surface. The impact of high-frequency AC voltage and the percentage of ripple content in DC voltage on corona inception caused by water droplets was analyzed. Under a high frequency, the variation in the shape of the water droplet is the same as that under 50 Hz AC voltage. The UHF signal radiated due to water droplet initiated discharges have signal bandwidth in the range of 300 MHz-3 GHz. The influence of corona discharge on surface properties of the material, its variation to contact angle and water droplet initiated corona activity under AC voltage was analyzed. The surface potential characteristics were altered with corona-aged specimen. The impact of an ion-trapping particle on nanocomposites clearly exhibits its characteristics through surface potential studies. Water diffusion into the insulating materials varies with the type of filler material. The temperatures measured during arcing, analyzed through laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS), were correlated with the hardness of the material. In addition, the mechanical properties, especially storage modulus and tan δ, were analyzed through dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) studies.

In vitro cytotoxic activity of microalgal extracts loaded nano-micro particles produced via electrospraying and microemulsion methods.

Reactive oxygen species can bind protein, DNA, lipids, and carbohydrates and thus cause an oxidation reaction that induces various syndromes such as cardiovascular diseases, degenerative disease, and cancer types in the human body. Bioactive compounds, such as PUFA, EPA, DHA, and carotenoids in algae, have a chain ring and protect the tissue from chemical damage and reverse the symptoms of some diseases. Algal bioactives also have various biological properties such as anticoagulants, antiviral, antiangiogenic, antitumor, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antiproliferative, and immune modulation properties. This study aimed to show in vitro cytotoxic activity effect of Chlorella protothecoides and Nannochloropsis oculata microalgal extracts loaded nano-microparticles on A-172 (Homo sapiens brain glioblastoma) and HCT-116 (H. sapiens colon colorectal carcinoma) cell lines because of the increasing importance of algal biotechnology. MTT viability tests were performed on HUVEC, A172, and HCT 116 cells with particles obtained at optimum process parameters. The cell viability rates of encapsulated particles were also compared with pure algae extracts. Microalgal extracts loaded nano-micro particles showed very promising results for cytotoxic effect on cancer cells.

Smart Cement Modified with Nano Fly Ash and Micro Fiber for Oil Well Applications

Adequate slurry design is critical to the success of a cementing work. In this study, a ball mill procedure was used to prepare a nano powder from a fly ash material supplied by Al-kufa Cement Factory for re-inforcing the oil well cement through using it as a partial replacement of oil well cement class G by a weight percentage of(0.25%,0.5%, 0.75% and1%)and micro fiber polypropylene at percentage (0.25%,0.5%,0.75%,and 1%).The mix with a water to cement ratio was made at 0.44.Characterizations of the prepared samples were conducted by X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), Atomic Force Microscope (AFM), density and compressive strength. The results manifested that the structural properties were improved with the development of calcium silicate hydration (C-S-H)phase, the density as well as the enhancement in compressive strength. That makes it proper for the oil well applications.

Effect of porosity on predicting compressive and flexural strength of cement mortar containing micro and nano-silica by ANN and GEP

The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of porosity on mechanical properties of cement mortar containing micro and nano silica in two aspects of experimentation and modeling of prediction. For this purpose, 32 mix designs were considered with various replacement percentages of nano silica (Ns) and micro silica (Ms) in forms of alone and together. The microstructure effect of Ns and Ms on the mechanical properties of cement mortar was investigated by Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FE-SEM) analysis. Moreover, Artificial Neural Network (ANN) and Genetic Expression Program (GEP) models are presented to predict the compressive and flexural strengths of cement mortar by focusing on the effect of porosity in models. So, a comparative probe was carried out on two statuses. Once, porosity wasn't considered as input parameter, and, in the next step, it was considered as input parameter in developing ANN-I or GEP-I and ANN-II or GEP-II models, respectively, in order to specify the sensitivity of the models to select the proper input parameters for accurate prediction. The results showed that the use of simultaneous Ns and Ms led to a decrease in the porosity and an increase in the flexural and compressive strengths. This is due to the synergistic effect on the microstructure of cement paste. The current modeling results showed that the ANN-II and GEP-II models have higher accuracy in the prediction of mechanical properties considering porosity as an influential input parameter. Moreover, the validation of proposed models was evaluated with the help of a collection of previous literature.

A comparative survey on effect of nanoparticles and microparticles of Chitosan on Cryptosporidium parvum experimental infection in mice.

Background: The inhibitory effect of Nanoparticles and microparticles of Chitosan on infection due to Cryptosporidium was studied. Methods: For this purpose 30 NMRI mice with 4-6 weeks old were randomly divided into five groups including, uninfected /untreated control group, infected/untreated control group, infected/ treated with chitosan (0.5 mg in per approve), infected/ treated with nano chitosan (0.5 mg in per approve) and infected/ treated with nano chitosan (1 mg in per approve). Except first group, mice were experimentally infected by oral administration of 104 C. parvum oocysts for per animal. Treatment groups were administered with nano chitosan and micro particles of chitosan. The presence of oocyst shedding, weight gain/loss, the histopathology of intestine sections and serology were examined in all groups. Results: There was no significant difference between the mean of weight gain/loss in control and treatment groups. Oocyst shedding was significantly (p<0.05) reduced in treatment groups; in spite of more reduction in oocyst shedding in use of nano chitosan but no significant difference (p≤0.05) between the treatment with chitosan and nano chitosan was seen. In the HI test was also significant difference (p≤0.05) between the treatment and control groups. Histopathological analysis of intestine sections further not supported the clinical and parasitological findings . Conclusion: The nano chitosan and chitosan were effective against experimentally infection with Cryptosporidium parvum in mice; therefore can be used as a treatment for cryptosporidiosis.

Influence of micro‐pore structure in tight sandstone reservoir on the seepage and water‐drive producing mechanism—a case study from Chang 6 reservoir in Huaqing area of Ordos basin

AbstractTo study the influence of pore structure on the seepage and water‐drive producing mechanisms, various methods were combined to describe the micro‐pore structure in the Chang 6 tight sandstone reservoir in the Huaqing area, Ordos Basin, China. Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) was combined with displacement experiments to determine the distribution of oil and water in pores of different scales before and after water flooding. There are few micro pores in the reservoir. As permeability increases, the distribution of nano pores decreases, while sub‐micro pores increase. Also, sub‐micro pores are the main pathway within the reservoir. There is a negative power function correlation between the minimum starting pressure gradient of the oil (Swc) and maximum throat radius. Also, with a decrease of permeability, smaller pore throats become more abundant and the nonlinear section of the flow velocity‐differential pressure curves increase. There is a large amount of crude oil gathering in the nano pores. As permeability increases, the main sources of movable oil are from the nano pores (kg &lt; 0.4 × 10−3 μm2), sub‐micro pores (kg ≈ 0.4 × 10−3 μm2‐1.0 × 10−3 μm2), and micro pores (kg &gt; 1.0 × 10−3 μm2). Displacement efficiency is always the highest in sub‐micro pores.

دراسة تأثير المواد النانوية على الخواص الميكانيكية لمواد مصفوفة البوليمر المركبة

في الكثير من التطبيقات الصناعية ، تلعب المواد المركبة دورًا أساسيًا. يهدف تصنيع المواد المركبة الجديدة إلى تحسين قابلية تطبيق المواد. في هذا العمل تم دراسة تأثير نوع حشو النانو السيليكا ومقارنة هذا التأثير مع تأثير حشوات السيليكا الدقيقة على الخواص الميكانيكية للبوليستر. لهذا الغرض ، تم استخدام الاختبارات الميكانيكية. كانت إضافة النانو سيليكا والسيليكا الدقيقة بنسب مختلفة 1٪ و 3٪ و 5٪ ، ويرجع ذلك إلى حقيقة أن البوليستر هو أحد مصفوفة البوليمر التي تستخدم بشكل متكرر مع تقوية الألياف لتطبيقات معقدة من المركبات بسبب مقاومتها. للتآكل ، والتكلفة المنخفضة ، والتعامل السلس ، وقدرته على منع اندلاع اللهب.