Nano Metal-organic Framework Research Articles

Copper nano metal-organic framework paper-based sensor for dual optical detection of biogenic amines to evaluate the food freshness

The improvement of food safety and the reduction of food loss and waste require the development of new bioanalytical tools that provide chemical information about the composition of food that is of great value for improving traceability and extending the shelf life of food. Herein, a Cu-based metal-organic framework has been synthesized and immobilized onto cellulose paper disks for colorimetric and fluorescent detection and quantification of biogenic amines in food. The color of the nano metal-organic framework changes from green to brown in the presence of low amounts of biogenic amine vapors. Also, the fluorescence emission of the nano metal-organic framework greatly decreases after exposing the cellulose disks to amine vapors. The developed sensing paper disk exhibits a quick response to the presence of volatile biogenic amines, very low detection limits, and great selectivity. Also, the paper sensor was used for real-time monitoring of biogenic amines in bass samples at different temperature conditions, being a highly valuable method for evaluating food freshness and safeguarding food safety.

Ratiometric fluoroprobe based on Eu-MOF@Tb3+ for detecting tetracycline hydrochloride in freshwater fish and its application in rapid visual detection

Tetracycline hydrochloride (TCH), a prevalent antibiotic in aquaculture for treating bacterial infections, poses challenges for on-site detection. This study employed the reversed-phase microemulsion method to synthesize a uniform nano metal-organic framework (MOF) material, europium-benzene-p-dicarboxylic acid (Eu-BDC), doped with Tb3+ to form a dual-emission fluorescence probe. By leveraging the combined a-photoinduced electron-transfer (a-PET) and inner filter effect (IFE) mechanisms, high-sensitivity TCH detection in Carassius auratus and Ruditapes philippinarum was achieved. The detection range for TCH is 0.380–75 μM, with a low limit of detection (LOD) at 0.115 μM. Upon TCH binding, Eu-BDC fluorescence rapidly decreased, while Tb3+ fluorescence remained constant, establishing a ratiometric fluorescence change. Investigation into the TCH quenching mechanism on Eu-BDC was conducted using time-dependent density functional theory (TD-DFT) calculations and fluorescence quenching kinetic equations, suggesting a mixed quenching mechanism. Furthermore, a novel photoelectric conversion fluorescence detection device (FL-2) was developed and evaluated in conjunction with high-performance liquid chromatography-diode-array detection (HPLC-DAD). This is the first dedicated fluorescence device for TCH detection, showcasing superior photoelectric conversion performance and stability that reduces experimental errors associated with smartphone photography methods, presenting a promising avenue for on-site rapid TCH detection.

Highly synergistic antibacterial activity of copper (II)-based nano metal–organic framework

Copper(II)-based metal–organic framework [Cu2(C6H8O7)(H2O)2]n, bulk crystals (Micro-MOF) and nano-MOF particles (Nano-MOF) were synthesized via the hydrothermal method(cit = citric acid(organic linker). The Cu(II) centers of this micro-MOFs, according to a single crystal X-ray study, are surrounded by a 3D structural network and two different coordination environments. The size of micro-MOF was around 200 m, but the width of nano-MOF as-synthesized was close to 120 ± 20 nm. Zone of inhibition and minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) tests were used to determine the antibacterial effectiveness of the nano-MOF and micro-MOF particle against Escherichia coli and Bacillus subtilis, respectively. While the MIC for micro-MOF is between 200 and 250 ppm and nano-MOF is between 150 and 200 ppm against E. coli and B. subtilis. respectively. The findings show that nano-MOF has more antibacterial power than micro-MOF and ligand by itself. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the delayed liberation of incorporating Cu2+ ions were the foundation for a synergistic antibacterial mechanism that was also put forward.

Intelligent quantitative recognition of sulfide using machine learning-based ratiometric fluorescence probe of metal-organic framework UiO-66-NH2/Ppix

Sulfides possess either high toxicity or play crucial physiological role such as gas transmitter dependent upon dosage, hence the significant for their rapid sensitive and selective concentration determination. Herein, a machine learning enhanced ratiometric fluorescence sensor was engineered for sulfide determination by incorporating the nanometal-organic framework (UiO-66-NH2) along with protoporphyrin IX (Ppix). The blue fluorescence at 431 nm originated from the moiety of UiO-66-NH2 by 365 nm excitation serves as an internal calibration reference signal, while the red fluorescence at 629 nm from the moiety of Ppix serves as the analytical signal, and the intensity is correlated to the amount of sulfides. The fluorescence color of the sensor gradually varies from blue to red upon sequential addition of copper and sulfide ions, resulting in RGB (Red, Green, Blue) feature values for corresponding sulfide concentrations, which facilities the advanced data processing techniques using machine learning algorithms. On the basis of fluorescence image fingerprint extraction and machine learning algorithms, an online data analysis model was developed to improve the precision and accuracy of sulfide determination. The established model employed Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA) and was subjected to rigorous cross-validation to ensure its robustness. By analyzing the correlation between RGB feature values and sulfide concentrations, the study highlighted a significant positive relationship between the red feature values and sulfide concentrations. The application of machine learning techniques on the ratiometric fluorescence signal of the UiO-66-NH2/Ppix probe demonstrated its potential for intelligent quantitative determination of sulfides, offering a valuable and efficient tool for pollution detection and real-time rapid environmental monitoring.

Novel composites of nano-metal–organic frameworks (IRMOF-3) and silver nanoparticles for the ultra-sensitive performance of SERS sensing and optical fiber modes

Rapid chemical detection of drugs of abuse in biological fluids such as blood and saliva is a concern within medicine and law enforcement. As an outcome, a label-free detection platform takes biological fluid samples with concentrations ranging from extremely high to very low. We obtained experimentally the limit of detection (LOD) of glycerol concentration, corresponding to a minimum resolvable refractive index of 3.4 × 10−7 RIU (refractive index unit). We applied the microfluidic device sensors to the quantitating concentration dopamine solutions. The experiment was recorded in real-time as the concentration of analyte injected exposed to the fiber core surface resulted in a sensitive change in optical power transmission. The presented sensors also exhibited reasonably good reproducibility and higher sensitivity, providing the LOD as 1.02 × 10−11 M. A relatively simple scheme procedure is proposed for the simultaneous detection and quantitative assessment of rhodamine B using surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy with a limit of detection of 10−12 M and a relative standard deviation of 5.78% across a detection concentration range mainly from 10−5 M to 10−12 M. The obtained results demonstrate the potential of nano-metal–organic framework materials as large-area, label-free optical fiber sensors and SERS-based platforms for biomedical sensing and environmental applications.

Self-Aggregated Nanoscale Metal-Organic Framework for Targeted Pulmonary Decorporation of Uranium.

The limited availability of effective agents for removing actinides from the lungs significantly restricts the effectiveness of medical treatments for nuclear emergencies. Inhalation is the primary route of internal contamination in 44.3% of actinide-related accidents, leading to the accumulation of radionuclides in the lungs and resulting in infections and potential tumor formation (tumorigenesis). This study focuses on the synthesis of a nanometal-organic framework (nMOF) material called ZIF-71-COOH, which is achieved by post-synthetic carboxyl functionalization of ZIF-71. The material demonstrates high and selective adsorption of uranyl, while also exhibiting increased particle size (≈2100nm) when it aggregates in the blood, enabling passive targeting of the lungs through mechanical filtration. This unique property facilitates the rapid enrichment and selective recognition of uranyl, making nano ZIF-71-COOH highly effective in removing uranylfrom the lungs. The findings of this study highlight the potential of self-aggregated nMOFs as a promising drug delivery system for targeted uranium decorporation in the lungs.

Preparation and Characterization of Metal-Organic Framework Coatings for Improving Protein Crystallization Screening.

Modifying crystallization plates can significantly impact the success rate and quality of protein crystal growth, making it a helpful strategy in protein crystallography. However, appropriate methods for preparing nano-sized particles with a high specific surface area and strategies for applying these nanoparticles to form suitable coatings on crystallization plate surfaces still need to be clarified. Here, we utilized both an ultrasonic crusher and a high-pressure homogenizer to create a nano metal-organic framework (MOF), specifically HKUST-1, and introduced a solvent evaporation method for producing MOF coatings on 96-well crystallization plates to induce protein crystal growth. The morphology of MOF coatings on the resin surface of the plate well was characterized using optical and scanning electron microscopy. Compared to the control group, crystallization screening experiments on nine proteins confirmed the effectiveness of plates with MOF coatings. Applying MOF coatings to crystallization plates is an easy-to-use, time-efficient, and potent tool for initiating crystallization experiments.

Synthesis, Characterization, Optical and Luminescence Properties of Copper Based Metal Organic Frame Works

Herein, we report synthesis of two new copper metal organic frameworks. The organic linkers were terephthalic acid with 6-Dihydroimidazo[2,1-b]thiazole-2-carbaldehyde and terephthalic acid with 3-benzothiazol-2-yl-malonaldehyde used in the copper nano metal organic framework (MOF). Both the Cu-MOF’s were characterized by XRD, UV-vis spectroscopy and FTIR. XRD crystallographic studies revealed the presence of copper metal at 2θ at 18.4°. Tauc plots were simulated to calculate the band gap of both Cu-MOF’s and result indicated the band gap energy of Cu-MOF 1 at 3.31 eV and for Cu-MOF 2 was at 3.57 eV. The UV-Visible absorption studies indicated two bands for Cu-MOF 1 and Cu-MOF 2 at 326 nm. However, the second band in Cu MOF 1 at 509 nm was slightly shifted to higher wavelength at 516 nm in Cu-MOF 2 due to the extension of π-π* transition. The photoluminescent properties of both Cu-MOF’s indicated a strong band at 505 nm. Thus, the optical properties of both the Cu-MOF’s infers that these can be a promising semiconductor material for various electronic applications.

Glutathione Depleting a Chemoselective Novel Pro-oxidant Nano Metal-Organic Framework Induced G2/M Arrest and ROS-Mediated Apoptotic Cell Death in a Human Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Cell Line.

The progression of a new class of compounds to inhibit the uncontrolled proliferation of carcinoma cells has become one of the most powerful weapons to combat "cancer". To this end, a new Mn(II)-based metal-organic framework, namely, [{Mn(5N3-IPA)(3-pmh)}(H2O)]α (5N3H2-IPA = 5-azidoisophthalic acid and 3-pmh = (3-pyridylmethylene)hydrazone), has been synthesized adopting a mixed ligand approach and exploited as a successful anticancer agent via systematic in vitro and in vivo studies. Single-crystal X-ray diffraction analyses depict that MOF 1 exhibits a 2D pillar-layer structure consisting of water molecules in each 2D void space. Due to the insolubility of the as-synthesized MOF 1, a green hand grinding methodology has been adopted to scale down the particle size to the nanoregime keeping its structural integrity intact. The nanoscale metal-organic framework (NMOF 1) adopts a discrete spherical morphology as affirmed by scanning electron microscopic analysis. The photoluminescence studies revealed that NMOF 1 is highly luminescent, enhancing its biomedical proficiency. Initially, the affinity of the synthesized NMOF 1 for GSH-reduced has been evaluated by various physicochemical techniques. NMOF 1 constrains the proliferation of cancer cells in vitro by inducing G2/M seizure and accordingly leads to apoptotic cell death. More significantly, compared to cancer cells, NMOF 1 exhibits less cytotoxicity against normal cells. It has been demonstrated that NMOF 1 interacts with GSH, causing a drop in cellular GSH levels and the production of intercellular ROS. It is quite intriguing that we discovered that NMOF 1-mediated ROS generation aids in significantly modifying the mitochondrial redox status, which is a crucial factor in apoptosis. According to mechanistic research, NMOF 1 increases the production of proapoptotic proteins and lowers the expression of antiapoptotic proteins, which significantly aids in activating caspase 3 and the subsequent cleavage of PARP1 and cell death via intrinsic apoptotic pathways. Finally, an in vivo investigation using immuno-competent syngeneic mice demonstrates that NMOF 1 can stop tumor growth without causing adverse side effects.

AlFu nano MOF-based dispersive micro solid phase extraction of pesticides; the comparison of preconcentration via evaporation and dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction

ABSTRACT For the first time in this research, a nano AlFu metal-organic framework (MOF) was exploited for the extraction of some pesticides (fenitrothion, haloxyfop-R-methyl, hexaconazole, oxadiazon, diniconazole, and clodinafop-propargyl) from different beverage samples (cherry, orange, mango, and peach juices). A comparative study was also accomplished for the evaluation of the preconcentration efficiency through the applied method in this study (gas-assisted evaporation) and conventional dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction (DLLME). Essential characterisations including X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectrophotometry, Brunauer–Emmett–Teller, energy-dispersive X-ray, and scanning electron microscopy were conducted on the nano adsorbent. The food safety analysis process was done through the dispersion of the nano adsorbent into the Na2SO4 dissolved sample solution containing the pesticides. After the adsorption of the target compounds, by implementing centrifugation, the sorbent was isolated from the solution. Acetonitrile was used for the elution of the nanoparticles. Analyte-containing acetonitrile phase was evaporated completely in a conical bottom test tube, and its inner perimeter was eluted using a µL-level of 1,2-dibromoethane. An aliquot of the organic phase was injected into the gas chromatograph equipped with a flame ionisation detector. Only 10 mg of the nano adsorbent was used in the procedure due to its high surface area (1067.7 m2 g−1) and porosity (0.9499 cm3 g−1). High enrichment factors (355–480) and extraction recoveries (71–96%) were found. Relative standard deviations in the range of 3.6–4.8% for intra- (n = 5) and 4.3–5.5% for inter-day (n = 3) precisions, and low limits of detection (0.84–1.75 µg L−1) and quantification (2.77–5.77 µg L−1) were also the results of the developed analytical method. Application of AlFu nano MOF for the first time, its low amount utilisation, and superseding evaporation instead of DLLME are the novelty aspects of the research. Abbreviations: DLLME: Dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction; DSPE: Dispersive solid-phase extraction; DµSPE: Dispersive micro-solid-phase extraction; EF: Enrichment factor; FID: Flame ionisation detector; GC: Gas chromatography; LOD: Limit of detection; LOQ: Limit of quantification; LR: Linear range; RSD: Relative standard deviation

Investigation of light aromatics removal from industrial wastewater using nano metal organic framework

In this study, the adsorption of benzoic acid and phenols in the aqueous phase by MOF-Cu adsorbent was investigated. A high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) device was used to analyze the concentration of contaminants in the solution. Three isotherms, Freundlich, Langmuir, and Temkin were performed for adsorption of Benzoic Acid (BA) and Phenol contaminants. Correlation factor for adsorption isotherms were fitted into Langmuir aqueous BA and Phenol would be 99.89 and 99.98%, respectively. The equilibrium adsorption capacity MOF-Cu of BA and Phenol is 636.73 and 524.42 mg/g, respectively. In this study, high contaminant adsorption with π-π interaction and hydrogen bonding leads to the high capacity of MOFCu. In addition, the increase in adsorption capacity of benzoic acid is due to the electronegative property of oxygen in the carbonyl group and the similarity of the carboxylic acid functional group with the adsorbent. The result shows, that at initial time adsorption, has been a non-linear trend. In addition, the first-order kinetic model is not a suitable option for fitting the experimental data of adsorption kinetics and the adsorption kinetics of BA and Phenol is very well compatible with the semi-second order with the correlation Factor being 99.7 and 99.78, respectively. Also, the equilibrium adsorption capacity in pseudo-second order kinetic for BA and Phenol is 613.5 and 523.56 mg/g respectively.

Facile synthesis of novel fluorescent organosilica-coated MOF nanoparticles for fast curcumin adsorption

Nano metal-organic framework materials are progressively being investigated and used as drug carriers in the biomedical field. Curcumin, an active component derived from turmeric, is commonly utilized in traditional medicine and can support cancer treatment. In this study, ZIF-8 nanomaterial was effectively modified with fluorescence organosilica coating, named ZIF-8@BPMO, to promote bio-interaction and prevent material flocculation. Powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD), infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), differential gravimetric analysis (TGA), and isothermal nitrogen adsorption at 77 K were utilized to investigate the synthesized materials. Property analysis revealed that ZIF-8@BPMO nanomaterials had high crystallinity, a large surface area, and a high thermal stability with a particle size of 100 nm. According to the research, this material had high curcumin adsorption capacity of 666 mg g-1 for 15 min. Curcumin adsorption on the nanomaterial followed a pseudo-second-order kinetic model and the Freundlich model. Furthermore, thermodynamic investigations demonstrated an endothermic and spontaneous adsorption mechanism. These results indicate that the fluorescent ZIF-8@BPMO nanoparticle is a potential material for bio-applications.

A Bibliometric Analysis of Nano Metal-Organic Frameworks Synthesis Research in Medical Science Using VOSviewer

Nano MOFs (nMOFs) have now evolved as a new class of MOF with exciting applications. The purpose of this research is to perform bibliometric analysis on nMOFs for medical science by combining mapping analysis using VOSviewer software. Application reference manager used to obtain research data. The data obtained is the result of a search based on the keyword "nano metal-organic framework and madical science". From the search results, 1000 relevant published articles were found in the range of 2017-2021. The results showed that research on nano metal-organic frameworks and medical science has increased in 2017-2020, but it decreases since 2021. The main reason for the increase is the need for human health which continues to increase along with the emergence of new diseases. Although the increase should continue to occur every year, the decline in 2021 is due to social restrictions due to the COVID-19 pandemic, thus limiting the work space in the field of research. This study shows the importance of bibliometric analysis in providing analytical data about what phenomena occur. This research is expected to help and become a reference for researchers in conducting and determining the research theme to be taken.

Metal-organic frameworks-based biosensor for microRNA detection in prostate cancer cell lines.

In this research, a novel dye-labeled probe (FAM-Probe) based on a nano metal-organic framework (NMOF) functionalized with folate (NMOF-FA) was prepared and applied as a fluorescent sensing platform for the recognition of intracellular microRNA (miRNA-21) in DU145, PC3, and LNCaP cancer cells. The NMOF-FA can be easily assembled with a dye-labeled miR-21 probe (FAM-Probe21), causing an efficient fluorescence quenching of fluorescence of FAM fluorophore. The probe can be specifically catch up by cancerous cells through targeting their folate receptor by folic acid on the FAM-Probe21-NMOF-FA complex. Upon the interaction of the FAM-Probe21-NMOF-FA with complementary miRNA (miR-21), the fluorescence intensity can be recovered, providing a specific system to detect miRNAs in prostate cancer cells. We used the proposed probe for cell-specific intracellular miRNA-21 sensing, following the alteration expression level of miRNA-21 inside living cells. Thus, the FAM-Probe21-NMOF-FA complex can be used as a new miRNA sensing method in biomedicine studies.

Developing a new photoluminescent, nanoporous, and biocompatible glycodendrimer for smart hepatic cancer treatment

In this work for the first time, a novel photoluminescent glycodendrimer was fabricated through the growth of polyamidoamine dendrimer (PAMAM-G3) on the zirconium-based nano metal–organic framework (Zr-MOF) (UiO-66-NH2-PAMAM). Subsequently, the as-synthesized UiO-66-NH2-PAMAM was functionalized with D-galactose (D-Gal) to increase the biocompatibility and induce targeted drug delivery for obtained system (UiO-66-NH2-PAMAM-Gal). The UiO-66-NH2-PAMAM-Gal was evaluated using several characterization techniques. Nitrogen adsorption–desorption test obtained mean pore diameter of UiO-66-NH2-PAMAM-Gal ∼ 5.87 nm. Owing to the favorable features, UiO-66-NH2-PAMAM-Gal provided respectively 71.4% and 56.0% of drug loading for both doxorubicin (DOX) and curcumin (CUR), and pH-controlled release profiles. Cell viability assay approved that the functionalization with D-Gal enhanced the biocompatibility as well as achieved targeted hepatic cancer treatment. In addition, the 4′,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI) staining and cell cycle showed that the UiO-66-NH2-PAMAM-Gal could uptake within cancer cells to obtain improved cancer treatment efficacy. In comparison to the free PAMAM dendrimers or UiO-66-NH2 based drug carriers the targeted drug delivery capability combined with the bioimaging potential of UiO-66-NH2-PAMAM-Gal could be valuable advantages, so, the results declared that the UiO-66-NH2-PAMAM-Gal could act as an optimistic multifunctional candidate for both bioimaging and targeted tumor therapy.

Ratiometric electrochemical aptasensor for point-of-care testing Vibrio parahaemolyticus together with antimicrobial peptide-labeled nano metal-organic framework signal tag

It is critically important to develop assays for point-of-care testing (POCT) vibrio in water. In this study, an aptamer-modified electrode was used in conjunction with an antimicrobial peptide-labeled nano metal-organic framework (NMOF) signal tag to screen Vibrio parahaemolyticus (VP) as a model. Firstly, single stranded DNA labeled methylene blue (cDNA-MB) was hybridized with VP aptamer (Apt) on the electrode to form an electroactive DNA probe. Simultaneously, NMOF modified antimicrobial peptide and ferrocene (NMOF@AMP-Fc) was prepared as signal tag. The aptasensor was incubated in VP samples that would compete with aptamer and release the cDNA-MB into the supernatant. Afterwards, the NMOF@AMP-Fc signal tag was conjugated with the captured VP to form a sandwich complex, resulting in the generation of an electrical signal from Fc. The cDNA-MB signal (IMB) decreased and the Fc signal (IFc) accordingly increased as VP concentration increased. The IFc/IMB ratio was proportional to the logarithm value of VP concentration, with a lower limit of detection as 4 CFU·mL-1. The whole analysis was completed within 30 min with high sensitivity and specificity, which was due to the dual recognition from antimicrobial peptide and aptamer then the amplification of NMOF. The aptasensor could on-site monitor vibrio contamination in aquaculture water.

Aptamer targeted red blood cell membrane-coated porphyrinic copper-based MOF for guided photochemotherapy against metastatic breast cancer

Nanoscale porphyrinic metal−organic frameworks have emerged as promising therapeutic system for photodynamic therapy (PDT) of cancer in recent years. Nevertheless, their low selectivity towards malignant tissues is a hindrance for highly efficient cancer photodynamic therapy. In this study, a nano metal-organic framework ([CuL-[AlOH]2]n (Cu MOF), with Cu (II) core, as a PDT active center, was coated with red blood cell (RBC) membrane after loaded with doxorubicin (DOX), to avoid immediate clearance from the bloodstream and persist for longer periods of time in circulation. Then, a carboxylic acid-end aptamer (MUC1) was decorated on the RBC-coated DOX-loaded MOF ([email protected]) in order to provide targeted chemo and photodynamic therapy. The MTT and flow cytometry experiments exhibited that [email protected] provided highly efficient DOX transportation and toxicity against 4T1 and MCF7 breast cancer cells in vitro in comparison to non-targeted [email protected]. On the other hand, the single dose intravenous injection of [email protected] considerably reduced the tumor growth in vivo. The desirable biodistribution, faster liver clearance, and higher tumor accumulation were confirmed by ex vivo fluorescent imaging. Moreover, under irradiation at 630 nm, the fabricated nanostructures exhibited effective synergistic chemo and photodynamic therapy, proved via in vitro MTT assay and tumor ablation in vivo. The developed [email protected] could serve as a potent platform in clinic for targeted chemo-photodynamic dual therapy.

Metal Organic Framework Cu-BDC as an Efficient and Reusable Catalyst for One-Pot Synthesis of Benzophenazine Derivatives

In the present study, a nano-metal organic framework (MOF) based on copper was synthesized and characterized by various techniques, such as scanning electron microscopy (SEM), powder X-ray diffraction (pXRD), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) and N2 adsorption/desorption isotherms. The Cu-benzene dicarboxylic acid (Cu-BDC) exhibited high catalytic activity under ultrasonic irradiation for one-pot synthesis benzophenazine using 2-hydroxy-1,4-naphthoquinone, o-phenylenediamine, aldehydes, and malononitrile as the starting material. Cu-BDC as a heterogeneous catalyst in the synthesis of benzophenazines can be reused and recycled several times by maintaining its catalytic activities.

Fire retardant, UV and blue light double-blocking super clear Carboxymethylated cellulose bioplastics enabled by metal organic framework

It is still a challenge to realize super clear cellulose-based film materials with different functional combinations. This study presents a novel concept of fabricating flame-retardant, mechanically strong, UV and blue light double-blocking carboxymethylated cellulose-based nanocomposite bioplastics enabled by nano-metal organic framework (MIL-125(Ti)-NH2). Carboxymethylated cellulose gel with porous structure acts as nanoreactor and carboxyl groups as reactive sites to facilitate the growth and anchorage of nano-MIL-125(Ti)-NH2. Super clear bioplastics were obtained through hot-pressing. The results show that the neat carboxymethylated cellulose bioplastic possesses high transmittance (94.1% at 600 nm) and low haze (2.0% at 600 nm). The incorporation of nano-MIL-125(Ti)-NH2 enabled nanocomposite bioplastics to obtain UV and blue light double-shielding capability meanwhile retaining high transmittance (79–92.8%) and low haze (2.6–7.2%). Moreover, the incorporation of nano-MIL-125(Ti)-NH2 was found to significantly improve the mechanical strength and decrease the flammability of nanocomposite bioplastics. This facile strategy would direct nanocomposite bioplastics toward diversified applications.

New Structure Mass Tag based on Zr-NMOF for Multiparameter and Sensitive Single-Cell Interrogating in Mass Cytometry.

Mass cytometry, also called cytometry by time-of-flight (CyTOF), is an emerging powerful proteomic analysis technique that utilizes metal chelated polymer (MCP) as mass tags for interrogating high-dimensional biomarkers simultaneously on millions of individual cells. However, under the typical polymer-based mass tag system, the sensitivity and multiplexing detection ability has been highly restricted. Herein, a new structure mass tag based on a nanometal organic framework (NMOF) is reported for multiparameter and sensitive single-cell biomarker interrogating in CyTOF. A uniform-sized Zr-NMOF (33 nm)carrying 105 metal ions is synthesized under modulator/reaction time coregulation, which is monodispersed and colloidally stable in water for over one-year storage. On functionalization with an antibody, the Zr mass tag exhibits specific molecular recognition properties and minimal cross-reaction toward nontargeted cells. In addition, the Zr-mass tag is compatible with MCP mass tags in a multiparameter assay for mouse spleen cells staining, which exploits four additional channels, m/z= 90, 91, 92, 94, for single-cell immunoassays in CyTOF. Compared to the MCP mass tag, the Zr-mass tag provides an additional fivefold signal amplification. This work provides the fundamental technical capability for exploiting NMOF-based mass tags for CyTOF application, which opens up possibility of high-dimensional single-cell immune profiling, low abundant antigen detection, and development of new barcoding systems.