Nano Fly Ash Research Articles

Performance of Crumb Rubber Incorporated Ferro Geopolymer Panels under Flexure

This research work presents the overview of geopolymer mortar application into the ferro cement panel with the incorporation of crumb rubber and Nano fly ash. The geopolymer mortar is prepared by using industrial wastes as a base material such as fly ash and ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBFS) which generally helps to reduce the level of CO2 emission. Also, the recycled tyre crumb rubber is utilized as a sustainable innovative construction material which is used a partial substitution for sand upto 5% for enhancing the ductility without any strength degradation. These reduces land fill problems and ground water quality degradation problems. Crumb rubber has the ideal capacity to absorb energy from static and other kind of loads. The geopolymer binder preparation is done by utilizing material such as fly ash, GGBFS, alkaline liquid made of NaOH and Na2SiO3 , Nano fly ash. The Nano fly ash is used as an additive which helps in increasing the strength and durability of the element by its pore filling capability. This project aims to enhance the strength of fly ash based geopolymer mortar with the help of GGBFS incorporation. The molarity of alkaline activator, solution to binder ratio and silicate to hydroxide ratio is fixed as 12, 0.4 and 1.5 throughout the process. The mortar cubes and panels were heat cured under hot air oven at 80ᵒ C for 48 hours. The mechanical behavior of geopolymer mortar is assessed by compressive strength test water absorption test. The panel is made of high strength geopolymer mortar and expanded metal mesh with chicken mesh for obtaining higher energy absorption capacity with good deforming ability and less crack pronouncement. The investigation involves finding the initial crack load, ultimate failure load and residual flexural strength ratio. The results show that the tyre inclusion enhances the flexural strength of the ferro geopolymer panel by means of its ductile enhancing capacity

Influence of reinforcement on optimized weld bead properties of friction stir welded AL6063/nano fly ash composite

In this work, it was focused on predicting the contribution of nano fly ash (NFA) reinforcement material on weld joints of aluminium metal matrix composites (AMCs). The AMCs were produced through stir casting with 0%, 1%, 2%, 3% weight of NFA reinforcement. Weld joints of AMC plates were fabricated through Friction stir welding (FSW) process by considering %wt of NFA, tool feed rate (TFR) and tool rotational speed (TRS) as process parameters. Taguchi analysis has been used through a selection of L16 factorial design of experiments and subsequent mechanical properties were obtained for all L16 array of experiments. Predicted optimum values were determined by considering Taguchi response values and main effect plots at optimal conditions. The relative significance of individual process parameters were determined by ANOVA analysis. NFA has 78.73%, 90.95% and 79.93% contribution on tensile strength, Vickers Hardness number and impact strength respectively of AMC weld joints. ANOVA results revealed that the %NFA has high influence on all the mechanical properties of the FSW weld bead.

Regression modelling on wear behaviour of nano fly ash–aluminium alloy matrix composites

The demand for particle-reinforced composites has been increasing progressively. Hence, there is an exigency to use low-cost particles or solid waste particles as a reinforcement phase in order to reduce the cost of the composite. Fly ash is a solid waste consisting of various oxides such as silicon dioxide (SiO2), aluminium oxide (Al2O3) and iron (III) oxide (Fe2O3), which will contribute to improving wear resistance. Hence, an attempt is made to use nanostructured fly ash as particle reinforcement to produce high-wear-resistance composite materials. Microsized fly ash was converted to nanostructured material by high-energy ball milling, and the crystallite size was reduced to 27 nm after 30 h of milling. The influence of applied load, sliding speed, sliding time and fly ash reinforcement on dry sliding wear of the metal matrix composites is determined. Wear resistance was increased with increase in fly ash fraction, and beyond 10 wt%, it was decreased. The increased frictional thrust at higher load results in increased debonding and wear rate. The regression model was developed by using the statistical software Minitab R17.1.0 to predict the wear behaviour of the composites under conditions of different normal loads and time periods. The model has been validated, and a good agreement was observed.

Experiment on Concrete Containing with Activated Carbon and Nano-Fly ash, Nano Metakaolin

Concrete is a versatile material having many advantages. Hence it is the most widely used material in the construction industry. Many researchers made attempts to use waste materials with the objective of eliminating the disposal problems and at the same time improving the properties of concrete. An attempt has been made to improvethe compressivestrength of concrete with activated carbon, Nano fly ash (NF) and Nano metakaolin (NM). In this work, the concrete mix was prepared by replacing cement with 20 %( NF) and 10% (NM). Further, the concrete mix is added with 0.4%, 0.8%, 1.2%, 1.6%, 1.8% and 2% of activated carbon. The compressive strengths of cement were evaluated after 28days of curing. It is observed that the concrete mix added with 1.2% of activated carbon exhibited the maximumstrength. The maximum increase in the strength was found to be 25% more than that of the concrete without Activated Carbon.

Smart Cement Modified with Nano Fly Ash and Micro Fiber for Oil Well Applications

Adequate slurry design is critical to the success of a cementing work. In this study, a ball mill procedure was used to prepare a nano powder from a fly ash material supplied by Al-kufa Cement Factory for re-inforcing the oil well cement through using it as a partial replacement of oil well cement class G by a weight percentage of(0.25%,0.5%, 0.75% and1%)and micro fiber polypropylene at percentage (0.25%,0.5%,0.75%,and 1%).The mix with a water to cement ratio was made at 0.44.Characterizations of the prepared samples were conducted by X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), Atomic Force Microscope (AFM), density and compressive strength. The results manifested that the structural properties were improved with the development of calcium silicate hydration (C-S-H)phase, the density as well as the enhancement in compressive strength. That makes it proper for the oil well applications.

Characterization of friction stir welded AL6063/nano fly ash composite

In this work Aluminum Matrix Composites (AMCs) reinforced with nano fly ash (NFA) particles in 1 wt%, 2 wt% and 3 wt% were fabricated through ultrasonic assisted stir casting process. These composites were subsequently welded through Friction Stir Welding (FSW). It is proposed to explore the effect of NFA on refinement of grain structure and to investigate the mechanical properties of friction stir welded AMC joints. Through Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) images it is observed that homogeneous dispersion of NFA in the Aluminum matrix material was achieved. The increase in tensile strength and hardness was observed in the developed AMCs. It was concluded that the FSW process is the better option to join Al6063/NFA composites.

Development of fly ash reinforced nanocomposite preformed particle gel for the control of excessive water production in the mature oil fields

One of the appropriate methods to minimize water production and increase sweep efficiency is the utilization of Preformed Particle Gel (PPG) in the mature oil fields. In this paper, a new fly ash reinforced nanocomposite PPG was developed by the reaction of acrylamide as monomer, N,N′-Methylenebis (acrylamide) as crosslinker and nano fly ash in presence of Potassium Persulfate as initiator and it was compared with a conventional PPG which was designed without nano fly ash. On the incorporation of nano fly ash, swelling performance and thermal stability of PPG had increased significantly. Rheological data revealed that dynamic moduli (G′ and G″) of fly ash reinforced nanocomposite PPG has improved viscoelastic properties with a higher value of critical shear stress as compared to conventional PPG. The single sandpack flow experiment has shown the injectivity of nanocomposite PPG into the sandpack with a maximum resistance factor of 60.57. However, parallel-sandpack flow experiment showed that the newly developed nano fly ash reinforced nanocomposite PPG has a profile improvement rate of 92.98% and 97.83% for the permeability contrast of 2.16 and 4.14 respectively and hence it may be a promising agent in reducing excessive water production in mature oil fields.

Flexural Behavior of Geopolymer Ferro Cement Panels with the Incorporation of Crumb Rubber and Nano Fly Ash

Flexural Behavior of Geopolymer Ferro Cement Panels with the Incorporation of Crumb Rubber and Nano Fly Ash

Effect of nano-silica and nano-waste material on durability and corrosion rate of steel reinforcement embedded in high-performance concrete

The corrosion rate of reinforcing steel present in high-performance concrete (HPC) was examined in the presence of nano fly ash, nano-silica fume, and nano coal as nano-waste material (NFA, SF, NC), respectively. A replacement to ordinary Portland cement (OPC) was carried out to some extent with nano-waste materials at 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6% by cement weight to yield the (NFA, NSF, NC) HPC, as well as different percentages of NS (1, 2, 3 and 4%) were used. The corrosion rate of reinforcing steel present in HPC and nano-silica- and nano-waste materials-HPC was monitored and estimated using the half-cell potential (HCP). In addition to, water permeability, water absorption and aggressive attack media (immersed in sewage water) of hardened HPC and nano-silica- and nano-waste materials-HPC were also studied. All the samples of steel reinforcement were immersed in Qaron’s Lake water up to 6 months of exposure. The lowest corrosion rate results, compared with ordinary HPC, were obtained when nano-silica and nano-waste materials were used in concentrations 3,4, 4 and 2% (NS, NFA, NSF, and NC), respectively. Furthermore, HPC implanted with nano-silica (NS) is slightly better results than NFA. From the obtained data, the replacement with NFA gives the best milled waste material compared to NSF and NC, which improve the durability of nano fly ash-HPC.

Study on the Strength Behavior of Soil with Nano Fly Ash and Nano Cement

Nanotechnology is the science that deals with the particles which are less than 100 nm. The size of the nanoparticles plays a crucial role in behavior of soil exhibiting different properties. Use of nanoparticles in stabilization influences shear strength, dry density of the soil and makes more reactive to soil because of its high specific surface area. In this investigation, an attempt is made to investigate the influence of ball milled nano fly ash and nano cement particles in the improvement of soil. Different combinations of percentage were selected in the range of non-nano fly ash (10%, 20% and 30%) and non-nano Cement (2%, 6%, 8% and 10%). Preparation of nanoparticles has done by planetary ball milling. Particle sizes of the additives were obtained by HRTEM test results and IMAGEJ software analysis. Nano fly ash and Nano cement were admixed with soil for the optimum mix of 10% fly ash and 10% cement. Results indicated that compare to non-nano particles in soil, the nano admixed soil yielded UCC strength of 1416 kN/m2 which is 1.2 times higher than non-nanoparticles. The higher strength of nanoparticles admixed soil is mainly due to higher reactivity of nano fly ash and nano cement with the soil because of the enhanced specific surface.

Regression Modeling and Experimental Investigations on Ageing Behavior of Nano-Fly Ash Reinforced Al-10wt%Mg Alloy Matrix Composites

Nano-fly ash particles reinforced Al-10wt%Mg alloy matrix composites produced by stir-casting method were tested for their ageing response. Ageing studies were performed at 160 °C, 200 °C and 240 °C temperatures and a maximum peak hardness of 142 VHN was observed during ageing at 200 °C for the composite with 10 wt% nano fly ash reinforcement. This is due to rapid nucleation and growth of βI particles at this temperature. Experiments were designed for different compositions and different ageing temperatures on the basis of the Design of Experiments technique. The factorial design is considered to improve the reliability of results and to reduce the size of experimentation without loss of accuracy. A model to predict the ageing behaviour of the composites was developed with the terms of 5, 10 and 15% weight fraction of fly ash at 160 °C, 200 °C and 240 °C ageing temperatures. The developed regression model was validated by statistical software MINITAB-R17.1.0. It was found that the developed regression model could be effectively used to predict the ageing behavior at 95% confidence level.

Surface Modified Nano Fly Ash as an Activator in the Reduction of Ketones

Surface modified nano fly ash has been used as an activator, in the reduction of a few cyclic and acyclic ketones with NaBH4 as reducing agent. Exclusive formation of trans-4--butyl cyclohexanol was observed in such case. Reduction of 3-methylcyclohexanone yielded only cis-3-methylcyclohexanol (equatorial -OH). In case of reduction of other substituted cyclohexanones, propensity to form more of equatorial alcohol was observed. The chemical yields of various alcohols were high (∼95-99%). The rates of reductions of the ketones were also appreciably high. It appears that the silanol groups present in the surface modified fly ash cause nucleophilic activation of the carbonyl groups leading to faster reaction rate. Exclusive formation of the epimer with equatorially disposed -OH group is most likely due to the same reason. Finally, the advantage of the activator lies in its low cost.

Applications of Nano palm oil fuel ash and Nano fly ash in concrete

This paper discusses the applications of Nano waste materials including palm oil fuel ash and fly ash in the concrete production. The implementation of nanotechnology has been instrumental in the development of significant interest among the stakeholders to improve the mechanical and chemical properties of materials involved in the production of concrete. Although many researchers have shown the potential of nanomaterials to increase strength and durability of concrete and improve its physical and chemical properties, there is still a knowledge gap regarding the preparation of Nano waste materials from agricultural waste to use as cement replacement instead of non-renewable materials. Therefore, it should be focused on to study Nano- waste materials to benefit from these characteristics during preparation of concrete mixtures. Therefore, this paper highlights the potential of waste materials in the Nano size to partially replace cement in concrete and achieve the same or better result than the traditional concrete. This paper recommends to conduct further experimental works to improve the concrete material properties by investigating the properties of waste materials in Nano size.

Development of a novel fly ash-polyacrylamide nanocomposite gel system for improved recovery of oil from heterogeneous reservoir

Among all the available methods to reduce water production and to improve oil recovery from heterogeneous reservoirs, injecting a gelling system composed of a polymer and a crosslinker has been widely used. A novel nanocomposite hydrogels used to reduce excessive water production from heterogeneous reservoir was systematically analyzed. The nanocomposite used in this work was synthesized using nano fly ash and acrylamide by free radical polymerization and hydrogel was prepared by crosslinking a fly ash-polyacrylamide nanocomposite with chromium acetate. The bottle and breakthrough vacuum tests were conducted to gain insight into the gelation time and gel strength of nanocomposite hydrogel respectively. The effect of various parameters such as polymer concentration, crosslinker concentration, nano fly ash concentration and temperature on gelation time and gel strength was systematically evaluated. From the results, it was observed that the nanocomposite gel system has enough gel strength (0.045 MP) and acceptable gelation time (9–10 h). In addition, sand pack flooding experiments revealed that the nanocomposite polymer gel has good plugging capacity at reservoir conditions (95.14% at 90 °C), indicating its potential to recover additional oil from matured oil fields having natural or induced fractures and permeability variations in the reservoirs.

Experimental Study on Durability Properties of Concrete with Nano Fly ash and Kadapa Stone Powder

Experimental Study on Durability Properties of Concrete with Nano Fly ash and Kadapa Stone Powder

Property evaluation of nanostructured fly ash-reinforced acrylonitrile butadiene styrene nanocomposites

Fly ash, a waste generated from thermal power plant, can be used as reinforcing agent for polymer composite applications due to its fine particle size and abundant availability. This article highlights the experimental findings of modification of fly ash to convert its size from micro to nano and its nanocomposites preparation through melt blending technique based on acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) as matrix material. The nanostructured fly ash (NFA) developed through mechanical milling is characterized to understand its viability toward the filler material in polymer composites. The study showed that the NFA produced after 40 h of milling has a broken rougher surface with improved amorphous nature. Further, a detailed study on the properties of ABS nanocomposites reinforced with NFA has been conducted. ABS/NFA composites at 7 wt% loading have showed better thermomechanical properties. These results are further supported with the fractured surface analysis of nanocomposite using various morphological techniques. The outcome of this study suggests the potential use of nano fly ash to develop sustainable polymer nanocomposites for high-end industrial applications.

Castor oil based hyperbranched polyester/bitumen modified fly ash nanocomposite

A low cost environmentally benign surface coating binder is highly desirable in the field of material science. In this report, castor oil based hyperbranched polyester/bitumen modified fly ash nanocomposites were fabricated to achieve the desired performance. The hyperbranched polyester resin was synthesized by a three-step one pot condensation reaction using monoglyceride of castor oil based carboxyl terminated pre-polymer and 2,2-bis (hydroxymethyl) propionic acid. Also, the bulk fly ash of paper industry waste was converted to hydrophilic nano fly ash by ultrasonication followed by transforming it to an organonano fly ash by the modification with bitumen. The synthesized polyester resin and its nanocomposites were characterized by different analytical and spectroscopic tools. The nanocomposite obtained in presence of 20 wt% styrene (with respect to polyester) was found to be more homogeneous and stable compared to nanocomposite without styrene. The performance in terms of tensile strength, impact resistance, scratch hardness, chemical resistance and thermal stability was found to be improved significantly after formation of nanocomposite compared to the pristine system after curing with bisphenol-A based epoxy and poly(amido amine). The overall results of transmission electron microscopic (TEM) analysis and performance showed good exfoliation of the nano fly ash in the polyester matrix. Thus the studied nanocomposites would open up a new avenue on development of low cost high performing surface coating materials.

Development of sustainable elastomeric engineering nanocomposites from linseed oil with improved mechanical stability and thermally induced shape memory properties

The elastomeric nanocomposites having high mechanical stability and shape memory property were fabricated via in situ cationic polymerization of vegetable oil (linseed oil) in the presence of nano fly ash (NFA). The enhanced dynamic moduli and Young's modulus of nanocomposites with respect to matrix elastomers were witnessed. The vibration damping behavior of nanocomposites in wide frequency region, observed under a laboratory fabricated machine reveals their effectiveness to attenuate hazardous vibration in broad application regions. Under thermally stimulated shape memory test, the nanocomposites exhibit 100% shape recovery, and the shape recovery time improves when the content of NFA filler increases.

Investigation on Enhancing the Compressive Strength of Cement Mortar using Nano SiO2

The objective of this research work is to investigate the strength properties of cement mortar using NanoSiO2 used in the mortar mixture. Nano material in mortar helps to fill the pores by replacement of cement 1%, 2%, 3%, 4% with superplasticizer 1%, 2% and W/b ratio 0.25, 0.35 and 0.50 used in thiswork. Addition of NanoSiO2 in mortar mixtures has been found to give better compressive strength. Further, Nano cement, Nano flyash and Nano sand are also used in this experimental work as a replacement for cement and sand to the Nano level for the purpose of investigation. Analyse the internal structures of different mortar mixture with Nano sand, Nano cement, Nano fly ash.

Influence of planetary ball milling parameters on the mechano-chemical activation of fly ash

This study illustrates the design of statistical analysis by Taguchi methodology to obtain nanostructured fly ash by planetary ball milling. An orthogonal array and analysis of variance were employed to analyze the effect of milling parameters. A class-F fly ash was subjected to planetary ball milling induced mechano-chemical activation aided by a surfactant. Ball milling parameters, such as ball-to-powder weight ratio, type and quantity of surfactant and type of medium were varied as guided by the Taguchi design. The nanostructured fly ash was characterized by dynamic light scattering, BET surface area analysis, X-ray diffraction, FTIR spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, field emission scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. The ball-to-powder weight ratio and the surfactant type are the major influencing factors on lower crystallite size and average particle size and higher specific surface area. The surface modification of fly ash was confirmed by FTIR spectroscopy. The nano fly ash produced by this method has a wide application potential in polymer industries as reinforcement in composites.