Nanocarbon Group Research Articles

Detection Rate and Prognosis of Lymph Nodes in Gastric Cancer Using Nano Carbon Combined with In Vitro Anatomical Sorting.

In this study, we are going to investigate the effect of nano carbon combined with ex vitro anatomical sorting on the detection rate of lymph nodes (LNs) in gastric cancer (GC) along with the analysis of the correlation between LNs detection rate and patients' prognosis. The clinical data of patients undergoing radical gastrectomy in Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Tongji Shanxi Hospital, Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University from January 2018 to January 2019 were examined retrospectively. According to whether they adopt nano carbon tracing and specimen sorting method, patients were divided into nano carbon and control groups. The respective rate of detection and correlation of total and positive LNs, respectively, clinical treatment, tumor marker level, and long-term prognosis were matched between these groups. At the same time, the effects of the nano carbon tracer on the detection of total and positive LNs were evaluated. In nano carbon group, more LN specimens could be detected, and the number of positive LNs increased significantly. In addition, in patients with different infiltration stages and LN substations, more LNs could be detected in the nano carbon group for examination, and the detection rate of LNs with diameter less than 5 mm was also more. Furthermore, LNs (preferably positive in number) were correlated positively with the attained LNs number. Otherwise, the use of nano carbon suspension could better label LNs in each substation, especially N1 station, and improve micro-LN detection rate. At the same time, the positive metastasis rate in black-stained LNs was higher (31.67% vs. 13.51%). In relation to the clinical prognosis, CEA's level, i.e., CA199 and CA125, in the nano carbon group is controlled more effectively. Their condition was not easy to progress and relapse, and their mortality was further reduced. As a result, nano carbon, coupled with ex vitro anatomical sorting, may considerably enhance the detection rate of total and positive LNs, thereby improving the accuracy of clinical staging in GC patients, which has a good influence on their long-term prognosis.

The safety and effectiveness of carbon nanoparticles suspension in tracking lymph node metastases of colorectal cancer: a prospective randomized controlled trial

This study was to evaluate the safety and effectiveness of carbon nanoparticles suspension in tracking lymph node metastases of colorectal cancer. Eligible patients diagnosed with stages I-III colorectal cancer in Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center between 1 May 2017 and 31 May 2018 fulfilling the inclusion criteria were included in this prospective randomized controlled study. All the patients were randomly allocated to two groups: the nanocarbon group and the control group. Patients' clinicopathological characteristics were compared between the nanocarbon group and the control group. For continuous variables, data were presented as mean (±SD) and differences between the two groups were compared by the Mann-Whitney U test; for categorical variables, data was presented as frequency (%) and the Pearson's chi-squared test was used to compare the differences between two groups. All the patients' characteristics between two groups did not achieve statistical significance (P>0.05). Patients in nanocarbon group were more likely to be associated with more lymph nodes retrieved totally compared with control group (19.84±6.428 vs. 17.41±7.229, P<0.001). The number of lymph nodes retrieved in nanocarbon group were more likely to be ≥12 than that in the control group (P=0.005). Our study confirmed the safety of using carbon nanoparticles suspension as a tracer in colorectal cancer. More importantly, nanocarbon could significantly increase the detected number of lymph nodes in colorectal cancer, which can help improve the accuracy of lymph node staging and even improve patients' survival.

Application of Nanocarbon in Breast Approach Endoscopic Thyroidectomy Thyroid Cancer Surgery.

Objective: This study aimed to investigate the application of nanocarbon in surgical endoscopy in patients with thyroid cancer for the clinical tracing of level VI sentinel lymph nodes (SLNs) and for parathyroid gland protection. Materials and Methods: Ninety-three patients with papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) who underwent an endoscopic thyroid cancer operation were included. We randomly divided these patients into a control group (n = 42) and a nanocarbon group (n = 51). For the nanocarbon group, after thyroid exposure, nanocarbon was injected into the thyroid gland, and the SLNs were resected and subjected to frozen sectioning and routine pathological examination. In addition, the postoperative calcium and parathyroid hormone (PTH) levels of both groups were analyzed to compare the features of the nanocarbon application. Results: The number of central lymph (level VI) nodes dissected and the number of metastatic lymph nodes identified were analyzed in both groups. The number of dissected lymph nodes from both unilateral and bilateral thyroid surgeries was significantly larger in the nanocarbon group than in the control group. At the same time, the number of identified metastasis lymph nodes dissected were higher in the nanocarbon group than in the control group. We assessed the postoperative calcium and PTH level to evaluate the parathyroid function. Our results show that the nanocarbon group had a better protective effect on parathyroid function than the control group. Conclusions: As a lymph node trace agent, nanocarbon could better evaluate and permit a more clear lymph dissection for patients with PTC. Nanocarbon contributes to a decrease in the incidence rate of parathyroid damage, which has great clinical value.

A Study of Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy in Laparoscopic Radical Hysterectomy for Early Invasive Cervical Cancer with Nano-Carbon Combined with Indocyanine Green

Study Objective This study was the first to investigate the application of phthalocyanine green and nano-carbon suspension injection as a lymphatic tracer in laparoscopic radical resection of cervical cancer. The comparative value of its application in lymphatic imaging and sentinel lymph node identification was analyzed. The factors of the tracer results provide a reference for the application of clinical tracers. Design The patients were divided into nano-carbon group and indocyanine green group. Setting Xinxiang City Central Hospital Gynecologic Oncology, China. Patients or Participants Seventy-five patients with early stage cervical cancer were enrolled. Interventions Nano-carbon suspension injection and indocyanine green were injected from the cervix before operation, and black was recognized under laparoscopy. Lymph nodes and fluorescent lymph nodes were taken as SLN and excised. All patients underwent laparoscopic pelvic lymphadenectomy plus extensive hysterectomy (+ abdominal para-aortic lymph node sampling). All specimens were sent to routine examination. Measurements and Main Results There were no significant differences in age, tumor stage, and histological type between the two groups (P>0.05). SLN was detected in 25 cases of phthalocyanine green group, totaling 1006, the detection rate was 100%; the accuracy of SLN biopsy was 100%. There were 50 cases of nano-carbon suspension group, 39 cases of SLN were detected, a total of 1476, the discovery rate was 78%, the specificity was 76%; there was no statistical difference between the two groups (P> 0.05) However, the difference in the operation time between the two groups was statistically significant (P Conclusion The application of phthalocyanine green and nano-carbon suspension in the detection of SLN in cervical cancer is feasible, but the phthalocyanine green fluorescence detection method is more prominent in visual effect, which can significantly shorten the operation time.

Comparison of carbon nanoparticles and methylene blue for sentinel lymph node mapping in laparoscopic staging of early endometrial carcinoma

To compare carbon nanoparticles with methylene blue for sentinel lymph nodes mapping in laparoscopic staging of early endometrial carcinoma. Forty five patients with stage Ⅰ or stage Ⅱ endometrial carcinoma undergoing laparoscopic operation from January 2016 to January 2018 were randomly divided into two groups:methylene blue was applied in 20 cases and carbon nanoparticies were applied in 25 cases for sentinel lymph node (SLN) mapping in laparoscopic staging; and the images of two tracers were compared. The development time of nano-carbon group was shorter[(16.4±3.4) min vs.(21.0±5.9)min,t=3.26, P=0. 02] and duration was longer [(73.1±14.3) min vs.(54.6±14.9)min, t=5.41, P=0.04] than those of methylene blue group. In lymphatic mapping, the detection rate of SLN in nano-carbon group was significantly higher than that of methylene blue group [95% (21/22) vs. 5/18]. For detection of metastatic SLN,the sensitivity of methylene blue group was 1/2 and that of nano-carbon group was 4/4 (χ2=66.70, P<0.01). The results indicate that both methylene blue and Nano-carbon tracer can be used for SLN mapping in laparoscopic staging of early endometrial carcinoma, and nano-carbon tracer is recommended as the first choice to predict pelvic lymph node metastasis in endometrial carcinoma surgery. Key words: Endometrial neoplasms; Carcinoma; Sentinel lymph node; Carbon nanoparticies; Methylene blue

Application value of nano-carbon tracer technique in the treatment of malignant tumors of pancreatic body and tail in radical antegrade modular pancreatosplenectomy

Objective The application of nano-carbon tracer technique in radical antegrade modular pancreatosplenectomy (RAMPS) to treat malignant tumors of pancreatic body and tail. To investigate whether radical anterograde modulization of pancreatic body and tail combined with nano-carbon tracer technique is more beneficial to the prognosis of patients. Methods From January 2014 to September 2018, a retrospective analysis was performed in 48 patients in Linyi Central Hospital, all patients underwent RAMPS, all of whom were pathologically proved to be pancreatic carcinoma of the body and tail.Based on whether the nano-carbon lymph node tracer was performed during the operation, the patients were divided into two groups: nano-carbon group (nano-carbon lymph node tracing) and conventional operation group (no nano-carbon lymph node tracer). The differences between the two groups were analyzed, including operative time, intraoperative blood loss, postoperative complications (pancreatic fistula), postoperative hospitalization time, postoperative pathological lymph node status (number of dissection, number of positive lymph nodes, the positive rate of lymph node black staining in nano-carbon group) and survival time after operation .The measurement data were expressed as mean±standard deviation (Mean±SD), t-test were used for comparison among groups; Chi-square test was used for comparison of counting data, and Kaplan-Meier test was used for comparison of survival rate. Results There was no significant difference in the time of operation [(4.45±0.59) h vs (4.41±0.65) h], the amount of blood lost during operation [(447.39±109.51) ml vs (434.8±76.38) ml] and the time of hospitalization after operation [(16.52±4.12) d vs (16.56±2.92) d] between the two groups (P>0.05). There were 1 case of pancreatic fistula in the nano-carbon group and 2 cases of pancreatic fistula in the convertional operation group, but the difference was not statistically significant (P=0.55). The number of lymph nodes dissected and positive lymph nodes in nano-carbon group were significantly higher than those in conventional operation group [(18.26±2.49) vs (12.16±2.19); (5.52±1.50) vs (3.32±0.85). The difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). The positive rate of lymph nodes in black stained lymph nodes (38.10%, 96/252) was significantly higher than that in non-stained lymph nodes (18.45%, 31/168), and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). The average survival time in the nano-carbon group [(25.48 ±11.74) months] was significantly longer than that in the conventional operation group [(15.80±11.64) months], and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). Conclusions It is safe, effective and feasible to treat malignant tumors of pancreatic body and tail by RAMPS combined with nano-carbon tracer technique. The positive rate of lymph node dissection and the detection rate of total lymph nodes are increased, and the prognosis of patients is improved, to improve the survival time of patients after operation is improved. Key words: Coloring agents; Pancreatic neoplasms; Lymph node excision; Nanoparticles; Lymphatic metastasis

Combined use of a nanocarbon suspension and 99mTc-MIBI for the intra-operative localization of the parathyroid glands

ObjectiveTo investigate the combined use of a nanocarbon (NC) suspension and low-dose 99mTc-MIBI for parathyroid localization during surgery in patients with secondary hyperparathyroidism (sHPT). MethodsBetween March 2010 and September 2015, 40 patients with sHPT were enrolled in this study and were randomized to receive either low-dose 99mTc-MIBI+NC (group I) or low-dose 99mTc-MIBI (group II). Pre- and post-operative serum levels of intact PTH (iPTH), calcium and phosphorus between groups were compared and the intra-operative radioactive counts of the parathyroid glands were measured. ResultsThe post-operative iPTH level was significantly lower in patients of group I (24.2±31ng/L) than in those of group II (106±155ng/L) (P=0.03) while there were no significant differences in intra-operative parathyroid gland radioactive counts between the groups. The duration of the surgical procedure was shorter for patients of group I than patients of group II. There were no serious intra-operative or post-operative complications. ConclusionThe combined use of an NC suspension and 99mTc-MIBI for patients with sHPT is strongly recommended for the localization of parathyroid glands during surgery and is likely to improve clinical outcomes for patients.

Recognition of sentinel lymph nodes in patients with papillary thyroid cancer by nano-carbon and methylene blue.

Objective:To compare the accuracy and feasibility of methylene blue and nano-carbon in clinical tracing of sentinel lymph nodes (SLNs) in patients with papillary thyroid cancer (PTC).Methods:Ninety-six PTC patients were selected and randomly divided into a methylene blue group and a nano-carbon group (n=48). During surgery, tracer agent was injected around the tumor, and SLNs were resected and subjected to frozen pathological examination. The results were compared with those of routine pathological examination after surgery.Results:Latent lymph node metastasis (level VI and lateral neck) was detected in both groups, with neck distribution of SLNs. There was no significant difference in the detection rate or accuracy of SLNs between two groups (P>0.05). The incorrect resection rate of parathyroid gland and incidence of temporary hypoparathyroidism in the methylene blue group were significantly higher than those of the nano-carbon group (t=4.137, P<0.05).Conclusions:The state of PTC lymph nodes can be well evaluated by SLN biopsy using both methylene blue and nano-carbon as tracers, but using nano-carbon has a lower incidence rate of parathyroid injury, with great clinical prospects accordingly.

Clinical efficacy of navigation of sentinel lymph node combined with endoscopic submucosal dissection in laparoscopic surgery for non curative treatment of early gastric cancer

Objective To explore the clinical efficacy of navigation of sentinel lymph node(SLN) combined with endoscopic submucosal dissection(ESD) for non curative treatment of early gastric cancer. Methods Clinical data of 9 cases with early gastric cancer treated with ESD from August 2015 to December 2015 were enrolled. The SLNs were explored by laparoscopy after nano carbon or indocyanine green(ICG)was injected under endoscopy. Then all stained nodes were resected by laparoscopy. Results The mean number of SLN were 2.75±1.50 in ICG group, which was significantly smaller than the number in nano carbon group(8.40±4.93)according to the laparoscopic pathology, so the accuracy of ICG was higher than that of nano carbon. But ICG performed better in development. The postoperative complications such as postoperative intestinal obstruction, enteritis and gastric paralysis were found in 5 patients of nano carbon group. But no serious complications after operation were found in patients of ICG group. Conclusion Application of ICG can help avoid the excessive removal of tissue, and reduce the incidence of complications. ICG, as a new type of tracer for early gastric cancer, shows good application prospects. Key words: Sentinel lymph node biopsy; Early gastric cancer; Nano carbon; Indocyanine green

Research for intraoperative localization of parathyroid gland usingnanocarbon imaging combined with 99m Tc-MIBI

Objective:To explore the clinical application of nanocarbon(NC) suspension liquid combined with low dose of 99m Tc-MIBI for parathyroid localization in the hyperparathyroidism surgery.Method:Forty-four patients with secondary hyperparathyroidism(SHPT) in the department of head-neck surgery of Renji Hospital, affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University, School of Medicine, were enrolled and randomized into 3 groups including low-dose 99m Tc-MIBI+NC groupⅠ, high dose99m Tc-MIBI+NC group Ⅱ,and control group Ⅲ.We compared the level of PTH,serum calcium before and after operation,and the intraoperative amount of radioactive isotopes of parathyroid gland, etc.Use t-test and Anova for statistical processing. Result:After operation,the PTH levels in group Ⅰ,Ⅱ,Ⅲ were(23.8±32.4)ng/L,(15.8±18.2)ng/L,(90.1±139.4)ng/L,respectively(groupⅠvs Ⅲ,P<0.05;groupⅡvs Ⅲ,P<0.05,groupⅠvsⅡ,P>0.05).The intraoperative amount of radioactive isotopes of parathyroid gland had no significant difference among group Ⅰ,group Ⅱ and group Ⅲ. Conclusion:Nanocarbon combined with 99m Tc-MIBI for SHPT surgery has important localization value.And low dose of 99m Tc MIBI can reduce the cost and radiation, which can achieve the same outcome for patients..

Sorption of actinides onto nanodiamonds

Abstract Detonation nanodiamonds (ND) present a significant part of nanocarbons group, which could be produced on commercial scale by detonation of explosives in a closed chamber. Their unique properties of high surface area, low weight and radiation resistance make ND a prospective candidate for applications in sorption processes in radiochemistry. To study the influence of surface chemistry on sorption properties, apristine sample of ND was treated with acids and hydrogen. The surface chemistry of the samples was characterised by infrared spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and Boehm titration. The sorption properties of ND were tested fordifferent radionuclides. The sorption capacity of ND was shown to be higher than those of commonly used radionuclide sorbents like activated carbon and compariable to other members of nanocarbon group like graphene oxide and carbon nanotubes. The sorption properties were shown to be influenced by the presence of oxygen-containing groups on the surface of ND. This represents an opportunity to increase the sorption capacity of ND.

Effects of maternal exposure to nano-alumina during pregnancy on neurodevelopment in offspring mice

To observe the effects of maternal exposure to nano-alumina during pregnancy on the neurodevelopment in offspring mice. Female ICR mice began to be exposed to nano-alumina 10 d before mating, and the nano-alumina exposure lasted till offspring mice were born. All the female mice were randomly divided into 5 groups: solvent control group (saline), nano-carbon group (11.76 mg/ml), micro-alumina group (50 mg/ml), 50 nm alumina group (50 mg/ml), and 13 nm alumina group (50 mg/ml). All the mice were treated by nasal drip (10 µl/time) 3 times daily till offspring mice were born. Physiological indices, reflex and sensory function test, endurance test, Morris water maze test, positioning and navigation test, and open field test were used to evaluate the neurodevelopment of newborn mice. On day 28, the body weight of 13 nm alumina group (16.73±4.04 g) was significantly lower than that of solvent control group (20.45±2.50 g) (P<0.01); the 13 nm alumina group had significantly delayed time to ear opening compared with the solvent control group (4.91±0.78 d vs 4.45±0.50 d, P<0.01); compared with the solvent control group, the nano-carbon group, micro-alumina group, 50 nm alumina group, and 13 nm alumina group had significantly delayed time to eruption of teeth (10.05±0.23 d vs 10.32±0.48 d, 10.75±0.45 d, 10.32±0.47 d, and 10.79±0.49 d, P<0.05 or P<0.01). On days 4 and 7 after birth, compared with the solvent control group, other groups had significantly decreased proportions of mice which passed the cliff avoidance test (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01). On days 12 and 14 after birth, compared with the solvent control group, the nano-carbon group, 50 nm alumina group, and 13 nm alumina group had significantly reduced pre-suspension time in the endurance test (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01). The Morris water maze and positioning and navigation tests showed that the 13 nm alumina group had a significantly increased 5 d incubation period compared with the solvent control group (P < 0.05); compared with the solvent control group, other groups had significantly reduced numbers of platform crossings (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01). The open field test showed that the nano-carbon group and 13 nm alumina group had reduced numbers of rearings compared with the solvent control group (P < 0.05); compared with the solvent control group, other groups had significantly reduced numbers of modifications (P < 0.01). Maternal exposure to nano-alumina (13 nm) during pregnancy has inhibitory effects on the physical development and early behavioral development in newborn mice and can also inhibit the learning and memory abilities and adaptability to new environment in offspring mice. The neurodevelopmental toxicity of nano-alumina to newborn mice increases as the particle sizes of nano-alumina decrease, which has been demonstrated by the endurance test and number of rearings.

Lymph node mapping in rabbit liver cancer with nanocarbon and methylene blue injecta

ObjectiveTo discuss the value of lymph node mapping in rabbit liver cancer with nanocarbon and methylene blue injecta. MethodsRabbit liver cancer model was established by transplanting VX2 cells with laparotomy in celiac planting method. Twenty Japan white rabbits were divided into two groups randomly. Each group had 10 rabbits. Lymph node mapping in two groups rabbit liver cancer were observed. Two groups rabbit liver cancer and local lymph nodes were removed. The number and location of local lymph nodes were recorded, and then the samples were obtained from both groups. ResultsThe lymph nodes dyed time was (100.50±29.92) s in nanocarbon group, and (11.20±4.18) s in methylene blue group with statistical significance between two groups (P=0.000). In the comparison of lymph node fading time, nanocarbon group was (2.22±0.74) h, methylene blue group was (1.63±0.54) h, nanocarbon group was longer than the methylene blue group, but without statistical significance (P=0.058). The accuracy was 87.5% (35/40) in methylene blue group, while, the nanocarbon group was 87.2% (34/39), with statistical significance (P=1.000). ConclusionsExperimental results show that application of nanocarbon injection and methylene blue injection during resection of liver cancer and local lymph nodes in rabbit liver cancer model has obvious tracer function in liver cancer and lymphatic drainage. It can reduce the complexity and risk of the operation, and avoid the blindness in the process of traditional lymph node dissection surgery. Besides, they can effectively reduce the number of residual lymph nodes after operation. It can achieve the lymph node dissection more thoroughly, promptly, easily and safely.