Plant Names Research Articles

Indigenous ethnomedicinal knowledge of inhabitants of Neelan valley, district Abbottabad, KPK, Pakistan

The indigenous knowledge of utilizing medicinal plants for the treatment of various ailments in very ancient and emerges under the influence of culture in each society. The culture of Pakistan is very rich in utilizing medicinal plants to cure various diseases. The current study was conducted to collect the indigenous knowledge from the local community regarding the utilization of native plant species for the cure of different diseases. The study was carried out in the Neelan Valley, Abbottabad, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. The method used in the current study for documentation of the indigenous knowledge and traditional uses of important medicinal plants was based on questionnaires and personal interviews during field visits. A total of 350 informants, including 216 males and 134 females were interviewed for their traditional knowledge of medicinal plants used for various diseases and their knowledge regarding different folklores. As a result of interviews, 42 important medicinal plant species belonging to 32 families including 12 trees, 13 shrubs and 17 herbs were documented. The ethnomedicinal record was produced by listing the local and botanical name, plant family, habit, parts used and ethnomedicinal uses/folklores. The most frequent plant parts used for the aforementioned purpose were leaves, flowers, seeds and whole plants. Most of plants were used against digestive/gastrointestinal and respiratory disorders, jaundice, diabetes, rheumatism etc., as well as for antipyretic and anthelmintic purposes. It was observed that indigenous knowledge of herbal folklores is commonly used in the area to control various diseases, but is mostly confined to elderly people, while younger population is less aware of this knowledge due to altering socio-cultural trends in the area of study.

Exploring the Medicinal Benefits of Filfil Darāz (Piper longum L.): Insights from Unani Medicine and Modern Perspectives

Backround: Filfil Darāz (Piper longum L.) is an important medicinal plant belonging to the Piperaceae family, is therapeutically used in many traditional systems of medicine, such as Unani, Ayurveda, Siddha, etc. Purpose of Review: This review's primary goal is to investigate data on Piper longum botanical description, Pharmacognostic characteristics, phytochemicals, and therapeutic uses. This information will ultimately help Unani and other scientists plan various studies for additional research on this significant medicinal plant. Materials and Methods: This systemic review was done through an extensive literature survey of Unani classical and other ethnobotanical literature and published research work available on various search engines viz., Science Direct, PubMed, Google Scholar, etc. Result: Piper longum L. is the accepted botanical name of Filfil Darāz, long pepper, Pīplamūl as referred in Unani and other traditional medicines. It is grown in Nepal, India, Indonesia, Malaysia, Sri Lanka, Bhutan, Philippines. In India, the plant is found in the lower hills of West Bengal, the Khasi hills, the evergreen forests of the Western Ghats from Konkan to Kerala, and the Nicobar Islands, it is also found in Assam, Tamil Nadu, Andhra Pradesh, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Kerala, and Karnataka. Usually, the fruit of this important medicinal plant is therapeutically used for various ailments, including indigestion, constipation, dysentery, neurogenic gastralgia, skin diseases, nervine weakness, weakness of stomach, flatulence, amenorrhea, dribbling of urine, etc. It contains many important secondary metabolites, including alkaloids, flavonoids, esters, piperine, steroids, and essential oils, etc., which have been reported to possess antimicrobial, antiparasitic, anthelminthic, mosquito-larvicidal, anti-inflammatory, analgesic, antioxidant, anti-asthmatic, cardioprotective, anti-snake-venom neuro-pharmacological, immunomodulation, antiarthritic and antiulcer and lipidemic agents. Conclusion: Numerous bioactive chemicals that have been isolated and extracted from piper longum have been found to have potential therapeutic benefits for various bodily systems.

Botanical Roots and Word Origins: A Systematic Reconstruction of Alor Plant Name Etymologies

This research provides a systematic reconstruction of nine botanical names from the Papuan languages spoken on Alor Island. Although genealogical links among the Papuan Timor–Alor–Pantar languages have been previously investigated, linguistic micro-studies of the hypothesized ‘shared’ ancestor languages within languages of the individual islands remain sparse. This study has three main aims: Firstly, to provide etymological reconstructions of Alor–Pantar Papuan words on a micro-level, focusing on Alor Island and specifically on plant names, which represent a cornerstone of Alor culture and history. Adopting the Comparative Method comparing cognates of 15 local languages, this research postulates historical phonetic shifts and language alignment phenomena and proposes proto-forms of the words in proto-Alor. Secondly, to shed light on possible prehistoric language contact and settlement patterns. A key finding suggests that the initial consonantal shifts *b > b > f > p in the languages is a probable loanword feature originating from the Austronesians. The geographical spread could indicate the influence of external trade and/or settlement patterns within the Papuan populations. Lastly, to provide a backbone for future etymological research on Papuan languages in Alor (and beyond) by mapping out aspects of language origins and phonetic influences and establish features of the shared proto-language(s).

The genus Alurnus Fabricius, 1775 (Chrysomelidae: Cassidinae: Alurnini) in Colombia with four new species records and an updated checklist in the country

In Colombia, the taxonomy of leaf beetles (Chrysomelidae) shows information gaps in the composition, biology, richness, distribution, among others, although most of them are of agricultural importance. The genus Alurnus is distributed in the Neotropical Region and it is the most specious genus of the tribe Alurnini (Chrysomelidae, Cassidinae). Species of this genus have been reported in association with palms of the family Arecaceae. Previous studies of Alurnus recorded 12 species for Colombia. In this study, 64 specimens were analyzed from 14 Colombian entomological collections, confirming previous records of seven species and reporting four new records for Colombia. This study provides the names of associations and host plants for some species, and the geographic distribution for each one.

Bentang dan Tanda-tanda Alam Serta Perubahan Nama Tumbuhan dan Hewan dalam Bratayuda Kawi Mawi Jarwa

This article discusses the landscapes and natural signs contained in the text of Bratayuda Kawi mawi Jarwa, a jarwa text by R. Ng. Ranggawarsita whose writing uses a three-column commentary system. In general, the content of this text is only a jarwan or translation of Kakawin Bharatayuddha, so in terms of narrative the story in it is exactly the same as the kakawin form. The content of this text mostly discusses warfare, but it is not uncommon for poets to tell landscapes in the story. The landscape described by the poet is a forest landscape, besides that the poet also describes the natural signs that occur if a major event will or has occurred. On the other hand, from the three-column jarwa form used in this manuscript, the kakawin text and jarwa text can be compared so that it can be seen how the transformation of Javanese language from the old Javanese language to the new Javanese language, including the mention of plant and animal names. In its discussion, this article uses a philological approach, followed by an attempt to compare the texts between Kakawin Bharatayuddha and Bratayuda Kawi mawi Jarwa. With these approaches, this article analyzes several things, namely (1) landscapes in the text of Bratayuda Kawi mawi Jarwa, (2) signs of nature in the text of Bratayuda Kawi mawi Jarwa, and (3) transformation of plant and animal names. The results of the following research are (1) there are images of nature in the BKMJ text in the form of forest landscapes mentioned twice in the text, (2) there are two types of natural signs, namely natural signs as messengers and natural signs as depictions, (3) 49 plant names and 38 animal names are found, most of the names are still the same but there are also some differences.

Index for JBRIT Volume 18 (2024)

There is an index to 30 titles with authors, an index of 108 authors, botanical names and subject index, an index to 44 new names and new combinations.

Ethnopharmacological Insights into Diabetes Management: Exploring Medicinal Flora of Shivalik range of Himalaya in Uttarakhand

Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder which is commonly found life-threatening disease and it continuously reducing the life expectancy. It is characterized by hyperglycaemia (raised blood sugar level) resulting from defects in insulin secretion, action, or both. Since thousands of years, medicinal plants are being used by our ancestors for the prevention, treatment or even cure the diabetes mellitus. Utilization of these herbal plants is increasing rapidly last two to three decades due to their lesser toxicity and cost effectiveness property as compared to synthetic drugs. In this review, approximately 30 medicinal plants were described which are native to India and traditionally used by the people living in shivalik range of Himalaya in Uttarakhand (specially Dehradun & Haridwar) for the treatment of diabetes mellitus. The data about these plants was collected from science direct, PubMed, web of science, scopus, mdpi, google scholar and different other search engines and websites. This review was conferred in a systematic way as it includes botanical name, family, vernacular name, parts used and pharmacological uses of plants in a tabulated form. There are various scientific evidences behind the uses of some medicinal plants which have been mentioned along with the summary of individual medicinal plant. In this review, all the plants and herbs are easily available in these regions of Uttarakhand and local people traditionally uses these plants as vegetable, seasoning, flavouring and usually consume as a part of their diet. There are some limitations of phytotherapy which limit it to completely replace the allopathic therapy as less bioavailability, less rate of absorption and slow rate of dissolution. But by using various advanced dosage forms (phytosomes, neosomes, liposomes, nanoparticles, nanobubbles, nano diamonds, nanosphere etc.) and method of delivery (various invasive and non-invasive methods) which can bypass these all problems associated with the potency and efficacy of phytochemicals.

From words to wealth: Decoding the language markers and compositions of shop names in Banda Aceh

This qualitative study examines the names of 100 local and independent businesses to study the linguistic diversity and features of the linguistic landscape in Banda Aceh, Indonesia. The names here refer to those written in specific languages used in Aceh (Indonesian, Acehnese, English, Arabic, and other indigenous languages spoken in the province). The data was collected from five main roads, capturing the shop names for analysis. The results show that English is the dominant language choice, composing a majority of 45% of signage, showing the influence of globalization and the desire for international appeal. While English appears to convey prestige, some businesses blend it with Indonesian or Acehnese, connecting with local culture and engaging diverse audiences. This deliberate language choice reflects a commitment to cultural preservation and authentic customer experiences. Meanwhile, diverse linguistic combinations, emphasizing global influences, cultural preservation, and strategic branding, were also revealed. The most prevalent linguistic structure of signs is product+X (57%), which highlights product types, followed by place+X (14%) which emphasizes regional or cultural identity. In addition, a name/person’s name+X establishes a personalized connection (6%). Finally, in language markers, shop names reveal globalization’s prevalence and demonstrate efforts to convey a global image. The revitalization marker reflects the commitment to the Acehnese language and cultural pride. Identity markers, which include place, name, abbreviation, product, plant name, and brand, establish trust, familiarity, and resonance, creating a dynamic linguistic and cultural landscape where businesses steer global influences and local heritage to connect authentically with customers. To conclude, shop names in Banda Aceh illustrate a vibrant linguistic and cultural environment where businesses use global influences and local heritage to create meaningful bonds with customers.

Investigation and Analysis of Poisonous Plants in Landscape Plants of a Residential Area in Hefei

This paper lists the common poisonous flowers and poisonous plants in landscaping, and explains the matters needing attention in landscape design, which should consider their toxicity and functionality in landscape design, and use the design to play the aesthetic feeling of plants in landscape design. In this paper, the methods of field investigation and consulting data were used to investigate the poisonous plants in a residential area of Hefei.The family name, species name, poisonous parts and toxicity of these poisonous plants were listed, and the problems existing in the application of landscape plants in a residential area of Hefei City were discussed and the solutions were put forward.

Biography and contributions of Joaquim do Espírito Santo (1901-1984) to the botany of Guinea-Bissau and São Tomé and Príncipe

A biography of Joaquim Viegas da Graça do Espírito Santo (1901–1984) is provided by integrating information from botanical collections and from his record as a civil servant. Born in São Tomé Island (São Tomé and Príncipe), he finished his studies in Portugal in 1924, spent most of his career as an agricultural technical engineer in Guinea-Bissau (1927–1956), and after retiring continued collecting, mostly in São Tomé. He collected at least 5 412 herbarium specimens, including 23 types of plant names. He remains the most prolific plant collector in Guinea-Bissau and is a somewhat neglected collector in São Tomé and Príncipe. He also produced 22 publications. Finally, these contributions are contextualised, taking into consideration that he was one of the few non-white plant collectors from the Portuguese colonial period, while being a member of a family that was pivotal in the inception of independence movements in Lusophone Africa.

Ethnobotany, Phytochemistry, Pharmacology and Therapeutic Potential of Su‘ad Kūfī (Cyperus rotundus L.): An Insight

Background: Cyperus rotundus, an important medicinal plant belonging to the Cyperaceae family, is therapeutically used in many traditional systems of medicine, such as Unani medicine, Ayurveda, Siddha, Homeopathy, Chinese medicine, etc. Aim: The prime goal of this review is to provide a scientific basis and classical references for clinical use and further scientific exploration of Cyperus rotundus. Materials and Methods: This systemic review was carried out after searching Unani classical and other ethnobotanical literature and published research work available on PubMed, SCOPUS, Science Direct, Google Scholar, Research Gate, etc. Results: Cyperus rotundus L. is the accepted botanical name of Su'ad Kūfī, Nagarmotha, or Nutgrass as referred in Unani and other traditional medicines. It is grown in India, China, the Philippines, Thailand, Taiwan, Indonesia, Korea, Vietnam, Malaysia, the Pacific Islands, South America, Africa, the Middle East, North America, Mexico, Australia, New Zealand, and Europe. Usually, the rhizome of this important medicinal plant is therapeutically used for various ailments, including indigestion, constipation, dysentery, neurogenic gastralgia, skin diseases, mental weakness, cardiac weakness, nervine weakness, palpitation, weakness of stomach, flatulence, retention of urine, amenorrhea, dribbling of urine, etc. It contains many important secondary metabolites, including flavonoids, tannins, glycosides, monoterpenes, sesquiterpenes, sitosterol, alkaloids, saponins, terpenoids, essential oils, sugar, protein, amino acids, etc., which have been reported to possess antibacterial, anti-tumour, anticonvulsant, antidiabetic, anti-diarrhoeal, anti-inflammatory, antilipidemic, antimalarial, anti-obesity, antioxidant, hepatoprotective, cardioprotective, and neuroprotective pharmacological activities. Conclusion: It is concluded that abundant bioactive compounds identified and separated from Cyperus rotundus possess potential medicinal values on different systems of the body.

Phytochemical, Pharmacological and Medicinal Properties of Carapa procera, Trichilia monadelpha, Spathodea campanulata and Gymnosporia senegalensis

Carapa procera DC ( C. procera), Trichilia monadelpha (Thonn.) J.J.de Wilde ( T. monadelpha), Spathodea campanulata P.Beauv ( S. campanulata) and Gymnosporia senegalensis Loes (G. senegalensis) are medicinal plants which are used folklorically in Ghana, West Africa, for the treatment and management of diseases. However, there is little scientific evidence and documentation regarding their ethnobotanical uses, phytochemical constituents and pharmacology activities. The objective of this study was to provide a comprehensive literature synthesis of the ethnobotanical uses, phytochemical composition and pharmacological significance of C. procera, G. senegalensis, T. monadelpha and S. campanulata for future research and health benefits. Databases utilized in the literature search included PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, Google Scholar, PubChem and DrugBank. All plant names were checked with “World Flora Online” ( www.worldfloraonline.org ). Pharmacological studies conducted in majority of cases indicated anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant or antimicrobial activities of C. procera, T. monadelpha, S. campanulata and G. senegalensis. Phytochemical analysis also revealed botanical constituents that may potentially be involved in the observed pharmacological properties. This review will go a long way to promote the efficacious use of these plants. However, much remains to be done with respect to preclinical and clinical investigations in order to harness their full potential.

FLORADAS POÉTICAS, REGISTROS DA FLORA DO CARIRI CEARENSE NA OBRA DO POETA PATATIVA DO ASSARÉ

Artistic expressions convey the perception, culture, and emotional dimensions of those who conceive, interact with, and transmit them. Patativa do Assaré, a popular poet, exemplifies this multifaceted grasp through his extensive work that portrays the landscape, culture, people, and history of the northeastern backlands. His book, "Sing There That I Sing Here - Philosophy of a Northeastern Troubadour," is the focus of this study. The aim was to identify common plant names, analyse them, and assess whether the poet could still draw inspiration from these plants today. The verses contain 2,639 citations related to nature, with 597 terms, 64 of which directly refer to plants. Botanical names were inferred through verse analysis and comparison with herbarium specimens from the Cariri region of Ceará. Despite increasing anthropisation, much of the landscape and place could largely be retold. This research joins others in enhancing the value of biological and cultural conservation, contributing to the conservation status of the imburana and pequi, as evoked by the artist in his work. Keywords: Ethnobotany; Popular plant names; Northeastern Flora; Patativa do Assaré; Cariri Ceará.

The Role of Digital Media in Optimizing Project-Based Learning to Practice 21st Century Skills

The utilization of digital media in learning is crucial in the current era of education, especially in training 21st-century skills. This study explores digital media's role in optimizing project-based learning in an Islamic high school in Indonesia. The selection of this school as the research subject is based on the utilization of digital media in the learning process, which has been carried out regularly, so it is beneficial in optimizing project-based learning. This research uses a qualitative approach with a case study design. Data collection was conducted through observation, interview, and document analysis. Data analysis techniques include reduction, display, verification, and conclusion drawing. The results showed that examples of project-based learning activities in this school include learning to make dioramas from recycled paper, resin bed lamps, generator mock-ups, environmental campaign posters, and plant naming signs. These project-based learning activities are instrumental in training students' 21st-century critical thinking, creativity, digital literacy, collaboration, and problem-solving skills. Digital media in this study acts as an idea generator and inspiration to find much scientific information, not least related to making name signs on a plant. This study indirectly contributes insight into examples of teacher creativity regarding the use of digital media to create interesting and meaningful learning.

Lexical-semantic analysis of toponyms of khojavand district

The onomastic system of the Azerbaijani language did not remain stable, it constantly changed, and onomastic units replaced one another over time or new ones were created. This event does not happen suddenly, but in connection with the social-political, economic, and historical events taking place in the country and the world, it happens over time and is based on certain regularities. The new onomastic unit created in our language is created according to the rules of the Azerbaijani language and reflects the characteristics of our language. By studying and researching the onomastic units that indicate the antiquity of the Azerbaijani language, it is possible to reveal a number of issues related to the past and language of the people, and to help solve important problems of language, history, ethnography, geography and other fields of science. Toponyms, which form a branch of onomastics, are formed in different forms. The linguistic analysis of toponyms gives us information about the past, history, language, culture, public and social life of the people. In this regard, the study of toponyms of Khojavand region and their historical-linguistic analysis is very important. Place names provide conditions for studying the geographical objects inhabited by people in the historical past, the areas where they are spread, and language features. In terms of studying the history of our language, toponyms are of great importance. In the creation of toponyms, various words - person, tribe, clan, animal, heavenly bodies, plant names, etc. plays an important role. There are the following groups of Azerbaijani toponyms: anthropotoponyms, ethnotoponyms, hydrotoponyms, zootoponyms, phytotoponyms. In addition, there are object names related to the relief structure of the earth: oikonyms, urbanonyms, choronyms, oronyms, dromonyms, social-political toponyms, memoir-memorial toponyms, cosmotoponyms, and descriptive toponyms.In the article, research was conducted on only a certain part of toponyms in Khojavand region.

Cannabidiol finds dihydrocannabidiol as its twin in anti-inflammatory activities and the mechanism

Ethnopharmacological relevanceThe hemp (cataloged at the “Medicinal Plant Names Services” as Cannabis sativa L.) extracts, cannabinoids have been used for centuries in Southeast Asia as folk medicines and now authorized by about 50 countries for application in medicine, health care products and cosmetics. As the most consumed cannabinoid, cannabidiol (CBD) has been recognized due to its various bioactivities, including anti-inflammatory and antibacterial properties. Aims of the studyThe utilization of CBD is limited due to its potential conversion to psychoactive Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol in strong acidic environment, demanding to excavate safer alternatives with clarified bioactivities. Yet the anti-inflammatory and antibacterial properties of CBD still remain unknown, in both of the performances and the corresponding mechanisms. Previously, a synthetic CBD analogue, H2CBD (Dihydrocannabidiol) was found to be effective as CBD does towards some antioxidantive activities and mouse seizure mitigation. Therefore, it is wondering if H2CBD also acted similarly as CBD does in the aspect of anti-inflammatory performance and mechanism, and the safety. Material and methodsThe anti-inflammatory properties of CBD and H2CBD were revealed with enzymatic assays, proteins denaturation and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulated RAW264.7 cells model, with epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) as the positive control. Their anti-inflammatory mechanism was revealed with ELISA and Western blot assay. The antibacterial properties of CBD and H2CBD were also investigated towards E. faecalis and B. cereus along with their synergistic effect with commercial antibiotics. ResultsCBD and H2CBD exhibited almost same (P > 0.05) performance in all the assayed anti-inflammatory properties, yet their anti-inflammatory efficiencies positively correlated to their antioxidantive activity. Moreover, both of CBD and H2CBD presented anti-inflammation to LPS stimulated RAW264.7 cells through NF-κB and AKT pathway. Furthermore, CBD and H2CBD also supplied strong and very similar (P > 0.05) antibacterial activities, comparable to tetracycline in same dose and strength. The erythrocyte hemolytic assay indicates CBD and H2CBD possessing the same safety. All the combinations of H2CBD with other cannabinoids or antibiotics present no antagonism against the bacteria, but nice synergistic or additive effect in some cases. ConclusionCBD and H2CBD presented very similarly in all the assayed anti-inflammatory performances, undergoing same inflammatory mechanism with NF-κB and AKT pathway; they also expressed similar antibacterial activity, like twins. These findings will supply CBD a sustainable, safer and economic alternative with same excellent performances.

HOFIZ KHOREZMI’S "DEVON" AND PHYTONYMS

This article discusses one of the components of onomastics, phytomymics (phyto-Greek. Phyton-plant), and their usage in Hofiz Khorezmi’s "Devon." The study analyzes the skillful use of plant names by the poet for artistic purposes and the creation of artistic devices. Until now, the phytomymics in this work had not been the subject of study. During the analysis, the plant names used in Hofiz Khorezmi’s "Devon" are examined, categorized into semantic groups, and their variants—Arabic, Persian, and Turkic—are identified. Furthermore, the meanings these words convey in "Devon" are compared with how they were used in the works of Beruni, Mahmud Kashgari's "Devonu lug'otit turk," Alisher Navoi, and Babur. The forms of plant names used in the Uzbek literary language and how they are explained in the Uzbek explanatory dictionary are also analyzed. Examples are provided to explain phytomymics whose meanings have expanded today. The article compares how these phytomymics are explained in B.V. Miller's “Persian-Russian Dictionary,” the “Tajik-Russian Dictionary,” and the "Explanatory Dictionary of the Uzbek Language," conducting an etymological analysis. Additionally, the poetic devices created through these phytomymics are explained with examples. Each phytonym is given a specific definition. For example, "Isiriq" is a perennial wild plant from the family Zygophyllaceae. It contains alkaloids and is used in folk medicine for its healing properties, including being burned as incense. In modern Uzbek, the word "isiriq" has served as the root for words like "isiriqdon" (incense burner) and "isiriqchi" (incense seller). The word "isiriq" was borrowed from Persian into Old Uzbek. In "Devon," this borrowed word appears seven times in the sense of "isiriq" and "isiriq seed." This information enriches the article. The study holds significant value in examining the lexicon of the work. The materials researched in the article will be useful in creating the “Dictionary of the Language of Hofiz Khorezmi’s Devon," the "Dictionary of Borrowed Words in Uzbek," and the "Dictionary of Written Monuments," as well as in teaching specialized courses to students in the philology faculties of higher educational institutions.

Ethnic fermented foods and beverages used by the tribal communities of Papum Pare and Lower Subansiri districts of Arunachal Pradesh, India

BACKGROUND: The North-Eastern Region of India, with its diverse ethnic culture and rich wild edible plant resources, has a long tradition of consuming fermented foods and beverages. This study attempts to document the traditional fermented food and beverages prepared by the tribal communities residing in Papum Pare and Lower Subansiri districts of Arunachal Pradesh India. METHODS: Field surveys were conducted in the villages and market areas of two districts of Arunachal Pradesh. In this study, face-to-face interviews were organized with the local inhabitants, and data were collected in a semi-structured questionnaire format. The documented fermented foods were meticulously categorized into different categories based on the ingredients involved in the preparation of each food recipe. During the documentation process, demographic data and details such as the local names of the recipes, ingredients, plant used, the local name of plant used, plant parts, shelf life, and a detailed step-by-step recipe preparation procedure were recorded. RESULTS: A total of 16 different fermented food products/dishes made up of bamboo shoots, soybean, and meat were documented along with six different local beverages made up of Oryza sativa L., Eleusine coracana (L.) Gaertn., and Zea mays L. These fermented foods were not only consumed within households but were also commercialized in local markets generating revenue for local people. CONCLUSION: This study underscores that the ethnic communities of Arunachal Pradesh are utilizing plant resources in various forms. This research provides baseline data, which can serve as a valuable resource for, researchers, policymakers, and food enthusiasts interested in understanding and exploring the culinary traditions and nutritional potential of ethnic fermented food and beverages.

A Compendium on Various Traditional Plants Used in the Management of Diabetes Mellitus

Background: The prevalence of diabetes mellitus has escalated globally, posing a significant public health challenge. While modern pharmacological interventions are available, there is growing interest in traditional medicinal agents as alternative or complementary treatments for diabetes. Aims and Objectives: This study aims to identify and evaluate the efficacy of conventional drugs in the treatment of diabetes, particularly focusing on herbal plants used in various traditional medicines. The primary objectives include identifying anti-diabetic herbal plants, evaluating their efficacy, and conducting docking studies to assess their anti-diabetic actions. Methodology: Relevant databases are searched to compile a comprehensive list of herbal plants with documented anti-diabetic properties. Information on each plant, including its botanical name, family, and components used, is collected. Evaluation of efficacy is conducted through a literature review and analysis of reported studies. Docking studies are performed to assess the molecular interactions between the active components of herbal plants and targets related to diabetes. Results and Discussion: The study has identified a range of traditional medicinal plants with potential anti-diabetic properties. Various botanical species from diverse families have been documented for their effectiveness in managing diabetes symptoms. The evaluation of efficacy suggests promising outcomes for several herbal plants in controlling blood sugar levels and improving metabolic functions. Docking studies reveal potential molecular mechanisms underlying the anti-diabetic actions of these plants, providing insights into their therapeutic effects. Conclusion: The findings highlight the potential of herbal plants as alternative or complementary treatments for diabetes. Further research and clinical trials are warranted to validate the efficacy and safety of these plants in diabetic management. Integrating traditional medicines into conventional diabetes care may offer additional therapeutic options and improve outcomes for patients.

HYDROGRAPHIC NAMES AND TERMS OF SARYARKA

The purpose of the article is to consider in detail the system of hydronyms found in Saryarka. The article describes in detail the meaning of hydronyms, which provide rich information about natural conditions and landscape features. Research materials and methods of hydronymic names were considered. The scientists who studied the system of hydronyms of Saryarka and their respective contributions to the field were duly acknowledged. The study of the names of water bodies of Saryarka is an urgent task that requires in-depth study. It is possible to obtain a variety of geographical data regarding the formation of hydronyms, including their location and nomination. In this article, we determined the origin of toponymic names, which received the hydronymic name Saryarka, and divided them into groups. The classification of the system of potamonyms describing natural conditions and landscape features was presented in the form of a table. In the course of the study of this work, the physical and geographical features of water bodies were identified: properties, quality, color, flow, location, channel, origin, Coast, shape, depth, as well as their role in economic management (anthropogenic activity). In Saryarka, hydronyms formed on the basis of the names of plants and animals, the names of man, tribes and descendants are widespread. In the course of the study, a system of hydronymic names and terms was grouped, and a map of Saryarka microhydronyms was compiled based on specific data. About 3,000 names of Saryarka water bodies were grouped (based on a top map on a scale of 1: 500,000), and their etymology was determined.