Names Of Characters Research Articles

The real Billy the Kid: Two articles in a single English proper name

ABSTRACT The paper investigates the rare case where a single English proper name is used with two articles, e.g. the real Billy the Kid. The article placed to the right of the personal name, i.e. Billy, is called the inner article, while the article located to the left of the personal name is termed the outer article. The usage of the inner article is first explored against the historical record, and it is demonstrated that it remains robust wherever the use of modern surnames has not yet taken hold, e.g. in regnal names, nicknames, names of cartoon characters, etc. It is shown that proper names requiring the use of the inner article carry identifying information that is needed to ensure that they refer uniquely and that such information is encoded in embedded NPs, which motivates the use of the article and explains why it is placed inside the linear order of proper name constituents. The outer article is shown to mark the (in)definiteness of a referent manifestation/spatial-temporal slice created by modifying a proper name. In double article cases like the real Billy the Kid the inner article and outer articles mark thus the (in)definiteness of two different linguistic entities: the proper name itself (the inner article) and its spatial-temporal slice (the outer article). Consequently, the former is always definite while the latter can be either definite or indefinite.

KARAKTERISTIK NAMA DIRI MASYARAKAT TANA AI KABUPATEN SIKKA BERDASARKAN PERSPEKTIF LINGUISTIK KEBUDAYAAN

For the Tana AI people in Sika Flores Regency, NTT, names are not just names, but names given by parents have philosophical and cultural meanings from each character of the name. Personal name in the form of Nickname or Substitute Name is used to avoid misuse of the original name; third, Personal Name with Clan Name; and Proper Name with Modern Name. From this understanding, this research is a type of qualitative descriptive research, while the theoretical basis for interpreting the characteristics of names is anthroponymy which is explained by (Ziolkowska, 2011) that one of the elements that can be used to identify people is character names. Based on the results of the analysis, there are three characters of names in the Tana Ai community, namely, (1) Names Connect the Past and the Future. For the Tana Ai people, names are not just accessories and signs for each individual to complete personal identity; the Tana Ai people consider the name a representation of the past; (2) The name is a sign, the Tana Ai people's name is related to their lineage, ancestry, hopes, virtues and so on; (3) As part of Creation, the Tana Ai people believe in a great power that is beyond human ability, a power that makes everything more harmonious and orderly, namely the power of creation. This research is a local wisdom in giving proper names to the Tana Ai people, it is hoped that the Tana Ai people can pass them on to generations because proper names are a form of respect for the person who owns the name, as well as a bond that connects the ancestors with all their descendants.

Contact-Tracing War and Peace: A Critical Experiment in Social Network Analysis

The piece applies a novel approach to the social network analysis of fiction to Tolstoy’s sprawling masterpiece, War and Peace. We propose that an approach that prioritizes physical proximity provides an illuminating contrast to the typical methods for extracting social networks in fiction that are based on the proximity of character names within the text. In addition to its methodological argument, this article offers commentary on the positions of characters within the novel’s social network and the changing nature of that social network across the novel’s parts. We demonstrate that in the first half of the novel Tolstoy builds a tight-knit “social center” that the second half breaks down.

Put you in the problem: Effects of self-pronouns on mathematical problem-solving.

Self-cues such as personal pronouns are known to elicit processing biases, such as attention capture and prioritisation in working memory. This may impact the performance of tasks that have a high attentional load like mathematical problem-solving. Here, we compared the speed and accuracy with which children solved numerical problems that included either the self-cue "you," or a different character name. First, we piloted a self-referencing manipulation with N = 52, 7 to 11 year-olds, testing performance on addition and subtraction problems that had either a single referent ("You"/"Sam") or more than one referent. We took into account operation and positioning of the pronoun and also measured performance on attention and working memory tasks. We found a robust accuracy advantage for problems that included "you," regardless of how many characters were included. The accuracy advantage for problems with a self-pronoun was not statistically associated with individual differences in attention or working memory. In our main study (9 to 11 year-olds, N = 144), we manipulated problem difficulty by creating consistently and inconsistently worded addition and subtraction problems. We found significantly higher speed and accuracy for problems that included "you." However, this effect varied by task difficulty, with the self-pronoun effect being strongest in the most difficult inconsistently worded, subtraction problems. The advantage of problems with a self-pronoun was not associated with individual differences in working memory. These findings suggest that self-cues like the pronoun "you" can be usefully applied in numerical processing tasks, an effect that may be attributable to the effects of self-cues on attention.

문화상품의 현지 적응화 전략에 관한 탐색적 연구 - <슬램덩크> 사례를 중심으로

This study explored the phenomenal success of the theatrical animation of Slam Dunk, which was initially translated and equally successful as manga in 1992. This exploratory study deals with the process by which Slam Dunk's original cartoon and then the theatrical animation, led to the success of both media, including books and theater sales. This study applies the macro framework of global integration and local adaptation in international business discipline, and the standardization versus localization debate at a micro level. As this paper is concerned with the adaptation, more specifically translation, of a cultural product, we utilized the Skopos theory of translation. In the process of translating Slam Dunk, not all components of the product were localized. Yet, the key elements, notably character names and school names, were successfully localized, thus reducing the psychic distance between readers and characters. Such perceived psychological proximity enhanced reality, thus leading to the success of the theatrical animation and the renaissance of the original manga. Young readers in the 1990s who cheered for Kang Baek-ho and the Buksan basketball team have matured into parenthood. These mature readers in the 2020s cheered Kang Baek-ho and Buksan Basketball Team again with a feeling of nostalgia by demonstrating their affection for the characters. The current younger generation has become attracted to culturally universal theme of overcoming hardships without succumbing to it. Building on the attractive narrative, Slam Dunk is a notable example of a successful local adaptation including culturally acceptable translation and localization of main and sub characters.

Union eller undergang: Kampen for et forent Skandinavia

Union eller undergang: Kampen for et forent Skandinavia

Семантика антропонимов в романе C. Снегова «Люди как боги»

The article analyzes the central work of fiction by the famous Soviet science fiction writer of the second half of the 20th century, whose work was almost not considered in scientific works, and the problem of anthroponymy was not considered at all. The science fiction novel by S. Snegov “People as gods” served as the material for the study. Using contextual, mythological, structural-semantic and intertextual methods, an analysis was made of the proper names of the key characters in this work in order to better understand the author's intention. The protagonist's name, Eli, has an obvious connection with the biblical name El, which is found as a common and generic designation for God in various languages ​​and dialects of the Middle East. In addition, it is a direct reference to the title of the work, which contains the central question in the artistic system of the novel about man as a god-like being. The name of the protagonist's wife – Mary – is the English form of the Russian name Maria, which contains a high meaning, well understood by the Christian consciousness. In the complete absence of any external or internal similarity between the heroine of Snegov and the Virgin Mary, there is an associative connection between them: as a biologist, Mary is looking for ways to spread life on uninhabited planets. In addition, she is the mother of a boy named Astre, who in the novel is associated with the Person of the Gospel Savior. The semantics of the names of other characters also connects the ideological space of the work with the foundations of the Christian worldview. Thus, consideration of the names of the central characters gives the author the opportunity to show that the onomastic field in terms of anthroponyms is semantically connected with biblical motifs and plots. System analysis leads the author to the conclusion that anthroponyms in the novel create a special semantic space that contributes to a deep understanding of the author's intentions.

THE MYTHONYMS AS THE STANDARDS OF UGLINESS AND BEAUTY

The article solves the problem of the functioning of mythonyms as the standards of a beautiful and ugly person in the Russian linguistic world picture. It has been established that the characters of lower mythology are chosen as the standards of ugliness, since, according to the pagan views of the ancient Slavs, they have innate physical disabilities: lameness, hunchback, hairiness, horns, tail, etc. The names “death” and “mortal sin” denoting personified anthropomorphic creatures are used as generally accepted standards of ugliness in the Russian language. Mortal sin is a generalized, undifferentiated image of ugliness, while death has specific external signs: it is a bony, wrinkled, toothless old woman. Some names of demonic characters (devil, demon, brat) are used as standards of beauty, expressing the idea of demonic beauty as opposed to divine one. Religious characters (god, angel, archangel, prophet) act as a standard of beauty, transmitting, among other things, the visual impressions of native speakers of the Russian language and culture, obtained from pictorial sources, the iconography. The functioning of mythonyms as standards of beauty or ugliness is based on the binary opposition “friend — foe”. Mythonyms-standards are marked according to the principle of gender correspondence of the sex of the object of comparison to the sex of the standard. Some mythonyms are gender neutral (angel, devil, demon). The functioning of mythonyms as the standards of ugliness / beauty is associated with the "vitality" of mythological thinking in the minds of native speakers of language and culture.

New functionality of BIOKEYS software: Displaying character pictures in identification dialogboxes

BIOKEYS is software built in DELPHI development environment with PASCAL as the base programming language. BIOKEYS allows creating and working with biological databases, creating and working with polyclave and dichotomous keys. This study has added the feature of displaying character image in the identification dialog. The purpose of displaying character images in the identification dialog is to make it easy for the user to select the correct specimen character. In the BIOKEYS software, displaying the character images in the identification dialog is implemented by creating an information file containing the character names and the names of the corresponding image files. By using the information in this file, every time the user clicks on a character, BIOKEYS opens its image file and displays it in the identification dialog. That helps the user to check if the characteristics he read in the sample are correct and helps the classification process to get more accurate results.

Pengaruh Penggunaan Media Audio Visual Terhadap Hasil Belajar Siswa Pada Pembelajaran Pendidikan Agama Islam Kelas XI SMKN 2 Bukittinggi Tahun Ajaran 2021/2022

The main problem in this paper is the unsatisfactory student learning outcomes caused by several factors, namely factors from within the students themselves, namely student interest, attention, talent and student IQ and factors from outside the student's self, namely environmental factors. This is evidenced by the lack of students' understanding of historical material about Islam in the modern era (1800-present). In addition, learning activities often only store event names, chronologies, years, and character names. Therefore it is hoped that the use of audio-visual learning media can arouse students' interest and not be boring. The purpose of this research is to find out how the learning outcomes are using audio-visual media in learning Islamic Religious Education Class XI SMKN 2 Bukittinggi. With the research hypothesis, Ha: learning outcomes with audiovisual media are better than learning outcomes without audiovisual media and Ho learning outcomes with audiovisual media are worse than learning outcomes without audiovisual media. Experimental design with group pre-test post-test design. Population and sample class XI. One class was selected as a random sample, namely class XI Boga 3 as the research object. Data collection techniques with testing. The sampling technique used is the sampling technique. Data analysis using statistical analysis. Class XI students of SMKN 2 Bukittinggi perform better when using audiovisual media, according to the author's research on the effect of audiovisual media on student learning outcomes on the topic of PAI. We can see this from the results of the analysis of the t-test (Paired Sample t-Test) with the final data obtained, namely t count = 8.926 > t table = 2.120 with a significant level α = 0.05, it can be concluded that the hypothesis Ha is accepted and Ho was rejected

The significance of the naming technique in KPD Maphalla’s novel, Kabelwamanong

This article is a conceptual study of onomastics in KPD Maphalla’s novel, Kabelwamanong, focusing on the naming of characters and places. The study intends to determine the extent to which naming is utilised as a technique to show how the author presents his characters and how they contribute towards the development of themes in this text. Maphalla’s choice and use of names is deliberate, and the technique makes a significant contribution to his narrative. The author is aware of the power of names and naming. The study reveals that in Kabelwamanong, Maphalla makes good use of names and naming to express opinions or make philosophical comments about characters and the roles assigned to them. Names, therefore, assist in identifying character types, reflect philosophical and moral positions that characters represent, and provide hints to the meaning of the text. The article concludes that names in Kabelwamanong are not mere decorative strategies, but rather vital aspects of literary art. The quality of the narrative could be improved by the way the naming technique is used in this text.

An Onomastic Analysis of Character Names in Bessie Head’s Maru and When Rain Clouds Gather

ABSTRACT: This literary onomastics paper explores character naming in two of Bessie Head’s novels, namely, When Rain Clouds Gather and Maru , both set in villages of Botswana. The purpose is to illustrate how the author uses character names to advance her themes and storylines. The paper relies heavily on the lexical transparency of the names from a structural linguistics perspective and on the sociocultural contexts of the names from a sociolinguistics perspective. The analysis reveals that Head’s choice of character names is intentional and deliberate, meant to achieve a specific purpose, and this is reflective of the process of names and naming in real life scenarios, particularly in the African context. The names mirror the sociocultural contexts of the characters and in the process reveal their personalities, physical attributes, and the types of relationships they have with other characters. The paper concludes that Head employs a lot of symbolism and irony in naming her characters, powerful features that help to effectively communicate her themes.

An Onomastic Analysis of Character Names in Bessie Head’s Maru and When Rain Clouds Gather

ABSTRACT: This literary onomastics paper explores character naming in two of Bessie Head’s novels, namely, When Rain Clouds Gather and Maru , both set in villages of Botswana. The purpose is to illustrate how the author uses character names to advance her themes and storylines. The paper relies heavily on the lexical transparency of the names from a structural linguistics perspective and on the sociocultural contexts of the names from a sociolinguistics perspective. The analysis reveals that Head’s choice of character names is intentional and deliberate, meant to achieve a specific purpose, and this is reflective of the process of names and naming in real life scenarios, particularly in the African context. The names mirror the sociocultural contexts of the characters and in the process reveal their personalities, physical attributes, and the types of relationships they have with other characters. The paper concludes that Head employs a lot of symbolism and irony in naming her characters, powerful features that help to effectively communicate her themes.

Фольклорные персонажи в топонимах Шотландии: лингвокогнитивный аспект

The article is devoted to the study of Scottish toponyms with names of folklore characters. The purpose of the research is to establish what knowledge about folklore characters is reflected in Scottish toponymy, and what nomination mechanisms are involved in their development. The article deals with Scottish toponyms containing the names of geographical objects, and names of folklore characters. The source of empirical material is Scottish toponymic dictionaries, works of foreign researchers and Internet resources. The methods of searching for particular toponymic units, cognitive matrix, lexico-semantic and etymological analysis, as well as cultural analysis are used to accomplish the purpose. in the course of the research we considered toponyms, the internal form of which contains the names of giants Saxa and Herman and the names of mythical creatures – faeries, boggles and brownies. In the cognitive bases of the considered toponyms there is cognitive context folklore characters and characteristics of the concept of place: inhabitant, quality and event. The place-names are formed through metaphorical and metonymic transfers. the cognitive bases of the considered toponyms reflect such knowledge about folklore characters as their habitat, abilities of folklore characters and related actions and events occurring at the place. Metaphorical and metonymic transfers are based on the comparison of knowledge about the external properties of the character and the geographical object and knowledge about feelings caused by what happens at the object, as well as on the correlation of the name of the folklore character, the quality of the object acquired due to the folklore character, and the name of the object.

PERBANDINGAN CERITA RAKYAT NYI RORO KIDUL VERSI TANAH JAWA DENGAN CERITA NYI RORO KIDUL VERSI TANAH BATAK

The purpose of this research is to discover the parallels and differences between the Javanese and Batak versions of the Nyi Roro Kidul folklore. The descriptive analysis method was employed in this study. Furthermore, Sapardi Djoko Damono's comparative literature technique was applied in this study. This method is appropriate for both corpora because they contain the same folklore but in different versions. This research technique employs a literature review to support analysis via references relevant to the two corpora. Through a comparison of intrinsic aspects (story theme, narrative, characters), the results of this study demonstrate that there are parallels and differences between the story of Nyi Roro Kidul in the Javanese land version and the story of Nyi Roro Kidul in the Batak land version. The results of this study reveal that there are similarities and differences in the story of Nyi Roro Kidul in the Javanese land version and the Nyi Roro Kidul story in the Batak land version through a comparison of intrinsic elements (story theme, storyline, characters, and characters in the story, setting, point of view, language style and mandate). The similarity is the theme of the story about the child who was eliminated and the setting of the place with the theme of the sea. The differences are the names of the different characters, the different ways of getting rid of them, and the different endings. The difference that occurs in the two stories is the existence of a different culture in each region. These two stories are still believed by the local community in the area, especially the area on the south coast of Java with restrictions on visiting the southern sea which is believed to be a place controlled by Nyi Roro Kidul.

Ethnolinguistic Nominations of Mythological Figures (demonologems) in the Kalmyk Language

Demonology ideas that date from the oldest and most stable folklore and mythological traditions are emphasized in multiple ethnic cultures. An early form of religion directly coupled with mythology is represented by the black faith of the Mongolian and, more broadly, Central Asians, which evolved from many different beliefs bequeathed by ancestors (belief in the forces of space and nature, in the souls of dead ancestors, totemic ancestors, etc.). It made people perceive the world around as a set of elements dynamically influencing their lives where each element has its own origin, its own spirit somewhat independent, which they worship and appease by means of sacrifice, incantation and primordial magic. Mythologization as a certain tendency of consciousness was preserved throughout all historical stages shaping the ethnic Mongolian society, including the Kalmyks. The paper discusses the naming of mythological characters (demonologems or demonims), defines the groups of nominations for „lower mythology‟ characters with a surreal denotation that does not exist in real life. The study aims to feature the ethnolinguistic functioning of demonology glossary in the Kalmyk language and to identify its significance in modern linguistic consciousness. The glossary is basically denoted through ethnocultural stereotypical ideas about demonology born in the minds of native speakers. The most productive are the nominative groups of mythical creatures determined by their habitat, by deleterious effects that malevolent entities can have, etc. Evaluative nominations are based on demonologemes that have a negative connotation fixed in the language.

ШЛЯХИ ВІДТВОРЕННЯ КУЛЬТУРНО МАРКОВАНОЇ ЛЕКСИКИ В АНГЛОМОВНОМУ ПЕРЕКЛАДІ "КАЗКИ ПРО ЖАРТ-ПТИЦЮ…" ВСЕВОЛОДА НЕСТАЙКА

Despite the fact that the problem of conveying the meaning of culturally marked vocabulary has always received a lot of critical attention from the scholars, rendering of Ukrainian fairy tales realia into other languages remains a topical issue because of the growing interest in our culture nowadays and the need for adequate translation in the field of various genres of fiction. In this context special attention must be paid to the process of translating literary fairy tales that also include a lot of culturespecific elements but have not been studied from this perspective yet. The purpose of this research is to identify the ways of conveying the meaning of culturally marked vocabulary in the English translation of Vsevolod Nestaiko’s “A Tale of the Bliss Bird”. The main tasks of the study are as follows: to outline the strategies, methods, and techniques of rendering the meanings of ethno-marked components of the text into English, to find out what factors determined the choice of particular methods by the translator and how justified the corresponding text transformations are. The methods and techniques used in this research include a total sampling technique (to select the research data) and basic methods of linguistic and translation analysis, namely: analytical, descriptive, and comparative methods – for analyzing and comparing different linguistic realia in the original and their equivalents in the translation, to identify and describe the ways of rendering Ukrainian realia into English. It has been found that the translator of the text, Vasyl Baryshev, mainly employed adaptation and simplification strategies, which in most cases is justified by the age of the target audience of the fairy tale, the inappropriateness of overloading the text with transcribed foreign language realia with explanations that could interfere with children’s perception and lead to the loss of dynamism of the plot. Some of the author’s occasionalisms (nonce words), carrying vivid national and cultural connotations, are technically impossible to be conveyed by means of the English language. So, the translator had to employ the techniques of omission or substitution, use functional analogues and contextual equivalents. In the process of translating onyms, in particular the names of the main characters, V. Baryshev quite successfully applied a creative approach (though with certain inaccuracies), forming in the English version of the text a coherent anthroponymic microsystem that meets the demands of the fairy tale genre.

Anthroponyms in Russian Written Speech

The paper deals with the spelling of proper names and designations related to the field of anthroponymy. This includes a common problem of the use of an uppercase letter, as well as the spelling alterations between “hyphen — contact — space”, particularly the cases marked with spelling ambiguity. The latter may be caused by: a) controversial onymic-appellative status of the name, b) multicomponent structure of the name, c) combination with common words (including generic terms acting as an identifiers), d) foreign origin of the name, e) transitional status of the name between the proper name and the appellative. It is well illustrated by names with nickname component that retain conceptual information (Nikolai the Wonderworker and Nicholas the Pleasant, Muraviev-the-Hangman, etc.), as well as metaphoric designations (the Iron Lady, the Yellow Emperor, the Russian Rocket, the Father of Nations, the Sun of the Nation, etc.) and expressive Internet nicknames (White crow ~ White Crow, Good man ~ Good Man, etc.). The difference in spelling may reflect the opposition between individual and categorical, negative connotations, instability of norm, stylistic coloring. The study also covers the problem of spelling the names with prefixes (anti-, false-, neo-, pseudo-), postpositive components (older, younger, father, son), names of foreign origin, names with auxiliary elements. A separate section is devoted to the names of fictional characters (literary, folklore, film, etc.) which include common nouns or consist of them totally. In this case the spelling depends on which of these components retain their status and which are onymized. Attention is also paid to the problem of using proper names in the common noun function (playing Stradivari, Faberge collection, etc.). Ultimately, the author outlines some general principles of names spelling regulation, such as the principle of economy in the use of a capital letter (first formulated by Yakov K. Grot), consideration of the name’s transitional status, conditional use of variants. These are exemplified by draft rules for spelling the proper names of people and anthropomorphic creatures, provided in appendix.

ЛІНГВОПОЕТИЧНИ ЙАНАЛІЗ ЛАТИНСЬКОМОВНОГО ПАНЕГІРИКА "ITER LAUREATUM"

This paper presents the linguopoetic analysis of the Latin panegyric "Iter Laureatum" by Hryhorii Vyshnovskyi, dedicated to Josaf Krokovskyi, the former rector of Kyiv-Mohyla Academy. The panegyric is analyzed within the historical and cultural context of that time. The purpose of this study is to give the idea of the structure, poetic means and individual author's performance of the genre in Latin language. The relationship between Ukrainian baroque poetry and antiquity is defined in precedent texts. Precedent texts actualize well-known cultural phenomena, thereby creating the effect of recognition. It is proved that the transfer of the narrative to the mythological plane creates the effect of historicity and legendary nature of the event or personality, which benefits panegyric pathos. The article focuses on lexical poetic means (analysis of poetic interpretation of mythological names) and stylistic means (the amplification, anaphor, use of metaphors and comparisons). The mythological names are classified according to the main thematic groups: geographic names, representing the ancient and medieval realities (Regna Mauri, Regna Lydiae, regna Arabum, Canopus, Thracia, Rhodopa, Troja), personal names of mythological characters (Apollo, Melpomene, Polyhymnia, Thalia, Siren, Echo, Hercules), words of musical art (chorda, carmen, lyra, chorus, nablium), martial arts (Mars, Scipio, trophaeum). The following metaphors were defined for description of patron's dignity: "majorum decus"; "pater Rossiadum"; "patronus pupillae sortis"; "victor cordis"; "princeps pectoris". We direct attention to the realization of author's narrative strategy of the will-expression, which is to exalt the patron's generosity and express the affection and loyalty towards him. It is discussed the poet's intention to cross the time barriers and transfer the mythological realities to the Ukrainian ground (Borysthenes, Siren Kioviensis).

Variation of Proper Names in Nikola Znamensky by Fyodor Reshetnikov

The paper explores the variety of onomastic strategies in the short story Nikola Znamensky by Fyodor Reshetnikov, a follower of the ethnographic movement in the Russian literature of 1860s. It is typical for his works to omit the use of first names in the titles (Glumovs, Aunt Oparikh, Gossip Mironikh, Ilyich, Maxya, Yashka) whilst they play an important role in the stories. For example, the Doctor’s story begins with the first name and so it ends. The name suggests that the protagonist (albeit not openly) opposes himself to the official church position. Apart from that, the character himself claims that the name predicts his fate. Having lost the spiritual title, he also refuses the name. Within the text, only ten characters are named, and the naming strategies used in each case are different. The distinguishing factor is the variability of the name forms. This article aims to understand whether this variation affects the way the nature of the character is represented in the story. The analysis shows that the story features six context-driven forms of the name of the story’s main character, Nikola Znamensky. Religious teachers address Nikola by using the full form of the name. The narrator also refers to him as Nikolai. The character himself (and his fellows) tend to use both the full and the “folk” forms of the name (Nikola, Mikola, Mikula). The members of the family use the hypocoristic forms. The names of other characters (from the family circle: brother, sons) are also subject to change: the full form is typical for the speech of the narrator, the derivative diminutive -ka appears in the speech of the priest. The protagonist’s namesake son also has a separate derivative name reference (Nikolai — Kolka) which emphasizes the special role of the title character. The name’s variability thus reflects the main character’s embedding into various social networks and, more importantly, into the “folk” paradigm linking it to the figure of Saint Nicholas. The author concludes that Reshetnikov uses name variability as a characteristic means that adds to the types portrayed in the story.