Name Aloe Research Articles

The possible ameliorating role of Aloe vera gel on the toxic Effect of Acrylamide on the jejunum of Female albino rats (Light and Scanning Electron Microscopic study)

ABSTRACTBackground: Acrylamide, an industrial chemical found in many industrial applications as well as for chemical and environmental purposes. The Aloe vera plant Known for many years and was known and used for its health, beauty, medicinal and skin care properties. The name Aloe vera derives from the Arabic word “Alloeh” meaning “shining bitter substance,” while “vera” in Latin means “true.” 2000 years ago.Objective: The aim of the study was to evaluate the role of the Aloe vera extract and its influence on experimental lesions in the jujenal mucosa caused by Acrylamide.Materials and Method: Thirty adult female albino rats were used and divided equally into three groups (10 rat/eachgroup): (I)control group. (II)Acrylamide treated group (5 mg/kg/day). (III) AcrylamideAirregular mucosal folds; cellular infiltration and thickened discontinued muscularis externa, with electron microscopic study there were areas of erosion and ulceration of the villi with loss of the normal picture . Administration of Aloe vera gel restored the normal architecture of the villi and crypts with normal appearance of most layers, scanning electron microscopy showed intact epithelium withgoblet cells openings discharging mucus.Conclusion:Acrylamide markedly affect the jujenal mucosa as seen by light and electron microscope, Aloe vera gel administration can protect the mucosa from this harmful effect.Keywords: Acrylamide, Aloe vera, jejunum, Rats.

(080) Proposal to amend Article H.5.2 concerning a nothotaxon with parent taxa at unequal ranks

Article H.5.2 of the Shenzhen Code (Turland & al. in Regnum Veg. 159. 2018) currently states that “If the postulated or known parent taxa are at unequal ranks, the appropriate rank of the nothotaxon is the lowest of these ranks.” This wording, perhaps unintentionally, creates a problem in certain cases. If the nothotaxon is the only one known for hybrids between the species to which its unequally ranked parent taxa belong, the rule could be interpreted as the author being instructed to publish an autonym at the lower rank, without valid publication of the name of an infraspecific nothotaxon that does not include the type of the nothospecies to which it is subordinate. This would be contrary to Art. 22.3. To clarify this situation, it is proposed that an explanatory clause and a further Example be added to Art. H.5.2. “H.5.2. If the postulated or known parent taxa are at unequal ranks, the appropriate rank of the nothotaxon is the lowest of these ranks, unless the nothotaxon is the only one known for hybrids between the species to which the parent taxa of the nothotaxon belong.” “Ex. 3. Smith & Figueiredo published the name Aloe ×engelbrechtii Gideon F. Sm. & Figueiredo (in Phytotaxa 464: 253. 2020) for the nothospecies with parents A. arborescens Mill. var. arborescens and A. hardyi Glen. If a nothotaxon is described between A. arborescens var. mzimnyati van Jaarsv. & A. E. van Wyk and A. hardyi, it will be at the rank of nothovariety and valid publication of its name will establish an autonym that will apply to A. arborescens var. arborescens × A. hardyi.” Nicholas Turland, Botanischer Garten und Botanisches Museum Berlin, and John H. Wiersema, Department of Botany, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C., are thanked for helpful suggestions and refining the manuscript.

ALOE VERA- THE BIOHEALER IN PERIODONTICS

Herbal medicines are in use as traditional mode of treatment for various ailments in India, as they produce less side effects and are more economical. Among the herbal medicines, Aloe vera is gaining increased momentum as it is easily available and has numerous health benefits. The utilization of Aloe vera dates back to 4th century. The name Aloe vera is derived from the Arabic word “Alloeh” meaning shining bitter substance, while “Vera” in Latin means true. Aloe vera is known by various terminologies like “lilly of the desert” “plant of immortality” “heaven’s blessing”. The current review article is an attempt to discuss the history, parts, ingredients, general uses, dental uses, periodontal uses, contraindications, and side effects of Aloe vera. KEY WORDS: Aloe vera, Acemannan, Periodontics

Yet two more firsts for Mary E. Barber (1818–1899), and a new synonym for the largest aloe, Aloidendron barberae (Asphodelaceae subfam. Alooideae)

Walker et al. (2019: 12) suggested that the name Aloe zeyheri (Barber 1870a: 80) (Asphodelaceae subfam. Alooideae) was merely proposed and not validly published for the species of tree aloe today known as Aloidendron barberae (Dyer 1874a: 566) Klopper & Gideon F. Sm. in Grace et al. (2013: 9) (Fig. 1A–C). Aloidendron barberae occurs naturally along the eastern seaboard of South Africa, and slightly inland, and caused quite a stir in botanical circles when it was first and more or less simultaneously collected in South Africa’s Eastern Cape and KwaZulu-Natal provinces.

Notes on the taxonomy, iconography, and ecology of Aloe pluridens Haw. (Asphodelaceae: Alooideae), an endemic species from southeastern South Africa

The history of the discovery of Aloe pluridens Haw (Asphodelaceae: Alooideae) by the Kew collector James Bowie in 1822–23 in the Eastern Cape Province of South Africa and its subsequent description in 1824 is discussed. The surprising dearth of published illustrations of this long-known species is emphasised and the first known photograph dating from only 1900 is reproduced. It is also shown that a painting at Kew by George Bond that dates from 1829 does not qualify as having been associated with the species by the author of the name, Adrian Hardy Haworth and cannot supersede the specimen on which the name A. pluridens was previously effectively neo-typified. The name A. pluridens Haw. var. beckeri Schonland is lectotypified and it is shown that the name Aloe atherstonei does not have a type as it was previously typified on an apparently non-existent specimen. Additionally the species is illustrated both in habitat and in cultivation. Observations on the ecology and cultivation of the species are also included.

The elusive Mr Green and the eponymy of Aloe greenii Green ex Rob. and A. viridiana Gideon F.Sm. & Figueiredo (Asphodelaceae: Alooideae)

To date the eponymy of the name Aloe greenii Green ex Rob., and by implication that of the name A. viridiana Gideon F.Sm. & Figueiredo (Asphodelaceae: Alooideae), which was recently published to replace the name A. greenii Baker (1880) non Green ex Rob. (1875a), has been open to speculation. We show that these names in all likelihood commemorate Mr Charles Green (c. 1826–1886), who at one time was the head gardener of Mr William W. Saunders' well-known succulent plant collection at Reigate, Surrey, United Kingdom.

The nomenclature and taxonomy of Aloe glauca Mill. (Asphodelaceae: Alooideae)

The nomenclature associated with the name Aloe glauca Mill. (Asphodelaceae: Alooideae) is reviewed and analysed. It is shown that in 1768 Philip Miller unambiguously based this name on a plate of A. ferox Mill., and the names A. glauca and A. ferox are therefore synonymous. A previous neotypification of the name A. glauca was redundant as this name has an obligate lectotype. That neotypification is also in serious conflict with important aspects of the protologue. At species rank, A. rhodacantha DC. is the earliest name that was published for what is today widely known as A. glauca. However, we do not propose a change in the nomenclature of this species, pending the outcome of a proposal to conserve the name A. glauca with a conserved type. The names, and their types, included in the synonymy of A. glauca Haw. are clarified. Aloe glauca var. spinosior Haw. is included in the synonymy of A. glauca.

The Nomenclature of Aloe ferox Mill. (Asphodelaceae: Alooideae), an Iconic Medium-Sized to Large Aloe from Southern South Africa

The early nomenclature and typification of the name Aloe ferox Mill. (Asphodelaceae: Alooideae) is discussed and clarified. It is shown that a plate included in Munting (1727) is the lectotype of the name; we also designate an epitype. A previous neotypification of the name A. ferox was redundant.

×GonimaraGideon F.Sm. & Molteno (Asphodelaceae): a new nothogenus name for the artificial hybrid, ×Gonimara corderoyi(A.Berger) Gideon F.Sm. & Molteno, between the alooid speciesGonialoe variegataandKumara plicatilis, two southern African endemics

The nothogeneric name ×Gonimara Gideon F.Sm. & Molteno is established for the hybrid between Gonialoe variegata (L.) Boatwr. & J.C.Manning [= Aloe variegata L.] and Kumara plicatilis (L.) G.D.Rowley [= Aloe plicatilis (L.) Burm.f.]. We do not treat Tulista Raf. as including Gonialoe (Baker) Boatwr. & J.C.Manning. The nothogeneric name ×Kumalista G.D.Rowley, in which ×K. corderoyi (A.Berger) G.D.Rowley was included, is therefore a synonym of ×Gonimara, and ×K. corderoyi, the only nothospecies known in ×Gonimara, is a synonym of ×G. corderoyi (A.Berger) Gideon F.Sm. & Molteno. We also provide notes on, and clarify the typification of, the name Aloe variegata, the basionym of Gonialoe variegata.

Aloe viridiana Gideon F.Sm. & Figueiredo (Asphodelaceae: Alooideae), a replacement name for the illegitimate Aloe greenii Baker, a maculate aloe endemic to KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa, with notes on the nomenclature of this species

Summary: The nomenclature associated with the name Aloe greenii is reviewed. The name was validly published in 1875 by William Robinson, and five years later, in 1880, the same binomial was republished by John G. Baker for what is today interpreted as a maculate aloe endemic to eastern southern Africa. The name A. greenii Baker is therefore a later homonym of A. greenii Rob. However, the descriptive statement included in the protologue of A. greenii Rob. is inadequate to confidently restrict the use of this name to any known species, and its application remains unresolved. A replacement name, A. viridiana Gideon F.Sm. & Figueiredo, is here published for material thus far known as A. greenii Baker.

Report of the Nomenclature Committee for Vascular Plants: 69

SummaryThe following ten generic names are recommended for conservation: Brachypterum against Solori, Casearia against Laetia and Samyda, Cathaya Chen & Kuang against Cathaya Karav., Forsteronia with a conserved type, Iochroma against Acnistus and Pederlea, Miconia againstMaieta and Tococa, Pinochia, Scytophyllum Bernem. against Scytophyllum Eckl. & Zeyh., SeleniaNutt. against Selenia Hill, and Stellaria with a conserved type. The nothogeneric name ×Brassolaeliocattleya is recommended for conservation with that spelling and against ×Brasso-catt-laeliaand ×Laelia-brasso-cattleya. The nothogeneric name ×Laburnocytisusis recommended for rejection. The generic name Trisetum is not recommended to be conserved against Trisetaria. The following 13 species names are recommended for conservation: Acalypha brasiliensis against A. subsana, Acalypha communis against A. hirsuta, Andropogon caricosus with a conserved type, Astragalus membranaceus Fisch. ex Bunge against A. membranaceus Moench, Carex rostrata against C. inflata and with a conserved type, Chalcas paniculata with a conserved type, Drynaria fortunei with a conserved type, Hymenaea stigonocarpa with a conserved type, Malus domestica against M. pumila and six other synonyms (contradicting a previously published recommendation), Myriophyllum spicatum with a conserved type, Odontarrhena obovata against O. microphylla, Selinum microphyllum with a conserved type, and Sobralia infundibuligera against S. aurantiaca. The following three species names are not recommended for conservation: Dalbergia polyphylla Benth. against D. polyphylla Poir., Drosera ×belezeana with a conserved type, and Macroclinidium trilobum with that spelling. The following eight species names are recommended for rejection: Aloe obscura, Aloe picta, Aristolochia cordata, Cereus cubensis, Cereus subrepandus, Chenopodium caudatum, Corylus virginiana, and Crocuspurpureus. The species name Aloe perfoliata is not recommended for rejection. The varietal name Aloe perfoliata var. saponaria is recommended for rejection. It is recommended that the conserved author, place and date of publication of Actinidiaceae, Lardizabalaceae, Melanthiaceae, and Primulaceae, and the conserved place and date of Eucommiaceae, be changed. It is recommended that Andinia and Andina be treated as homonyms. It is not recommended that Huperzia rubricaulis and H. rubicaulis, Pittosporum napaulense and P. napaliense, or Senecio petasioides and S. petasitoides, be treated as homonyms. It is recommended that “Euonymus bullatus Wall. ex G. Lodd.” and “Thea piquetiana Laness.” be treated as not validly published. It is recommended that Der sichere Führer in der Obstkunde, Miller’s Gardeners Dictionary abridged edition 4 [species and infraspecific taxa], and Glaziou’s Plantae Brasiliae centralis a Glaziou lectae be added to the list of “Suppressed Works”. After two ballots, no vote of at least eleven either for or against has been obtained for proposals to reject Alyssum hyperboreum or Pteris semipinnata or to conserve Rhaponticoides against Bielzia, Rhaponticum with a conserved type, Aloe parvibracteata against A. monteiroae, Dyschoriste humilis with a conserved type, Pteris semipinnata with a conserved type, or Salvia cruikshanksii with that spelling, or for requests to determine whether the descriptive texts of “Erica longipedunculata G. Lodd.”, “Goodyera tesselata G. Lodd.”, “Pittosporum angustifolium G. Lodd.”, or “Tillandsia amoena G. Lodd.” were adequate for valid publication.

Aloe ×Schimperitod. (Aloe maculataall. ×Aloe striataHaw.), the Earliest Name Applicable to the Common and Invasive Nothospecies Known asAloe ×SchoenlandiiBaker (Asphodelaceae: Alooideae)

Abstract: The taxonomic history and application of the name Aloe ×schoenlandii Baker (Asphodelaceae: Alooideae), a hybrid between Aloe maculata All. and Aloe striata Haw., is reviewed. It is shown that the name Aloe ×schimperi Tod., which predates the name Aloe ×schoenlandii by several decades, refers to the same hybrid and should be adopted. The name Aloe ×paxii is also discussed and its application resolved. The name Aloe ×schimperi is lectotypified.

Identification and discrimination of three common Aloe species by high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry coupled with multivariate analysis.

Aloe arborescens, Aloe barbadensis and Aloe ferox are the most widely cultivated and used among 500 aloe species due to their potent bioactivity. However, the difference of aloe species is neglected and labeled only one name Aloe in the market without specifying aloe species discrimination in general. Furthermore, differences in bioactivity and side effects from different aloe species have not been well investigated. This study develops an effective method for simultaneous qualitative and quantitative determination of three common aloe species using high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS) and high performance liquid chromatography-diode array detection (HPLC-DAD). The extraction conditions were optimized by response surface methodology (RSM) based on methanol concentration, extraction time and solvent-to-material ratio. A partial least squares-discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) was used to identify the three aloe species. The developed HPLC-MS/MS method coupled with multivariate analysis can be applied to discriminate three aloe species successfully.

Effect of Aloe Vera in Oral Health-A Review

Aloe vera is a plant that belongs to Liliaceae family. The name Aloe derives from the Arabic word “Alloeh” meaning shining bitter substance while “vera” in Latin means true. There are more than 300 species of the aloeplant, but the Aloe barbadensis species exhibits the best medicinal properties. Aloe vera contains various minerals and vitamins and has got various properties such as immunomodulatory, antiviral and anti inflammatory in nature. The Greek scientists regarded Aloe vera as the universal panacea. It has its uses in various systemic conditions like skin disorders, bowel disorders, diabetes and in hyperlipidemic patients. It has also been used in dentistry for its beneficial properties in various conditions like lichen planus, apthous stomatitis, oral submucous fibrosis, pulpotomy of primary teeth, prevention of dry sockets, obturation of primary teeth, disinfection of irrigation units, bleeding and painful gums, disinfection of gutta percha cones, burning mouth syndrome and in radiated head and neck cancer patients.

Notes onAloe ×nobilisHaw. (Asphodelaceae: Alooideae)

Abstract: Some confusion exists regarding the application of the name Aloe ×nobilis Haw. to what is arguably the most widely cultivated, named Aloe L. hybrid in Mediterranean Europe. We show that the name is to be applied to a low-growing, multi-rosette hybrid that likely originated in Europe and does not occur naturally in South Africa. The name Aloe ×nobilis Haw. is neotypified with a Salm-Reifferscheid-Dyck plate published in 1863.

Winter-flowering maculate aloes from the Lowveld of southeastern Africa: Notes onAloe monteiroaeBaker (Asphodelaceae: Alooideae), the earliest name forAloe parvibracteataSchönland

Plants matching the concept for Aloe monteiroae Baker, for long considered as an imperfectly known species, have been discovered at Komatipoort, about 50km west of the type locality. Observations in situ and in subsequent cultivation reveal a remarkable plasticity of leaf and inflorescence form, including the production of short, simple racemes. We conclude that the holotype of A. monteiroae, prepared from a plant cultivated at Kew but originating at Delagoa Bay (Maputo Bay), Mozambique, most likely represents a depauperate form of the highly variable Aloe parvibracteata Schonland. The widely used substantive epithet ‘monteiroi’ is amended to ‘monteiroae’ to correct an orthographic error. The name Aloe monteiroae Baker predates the name Aloe parvibracteata and should therefore be adopted for the species. However, for the sake of nomenclatural stability, a conservation proposal has been submitted to Taxon to prevent the familiar name Aloe parvibracteata from being replaced by the relatively obscure name Aloe monteiroae.

Benefits of Aloe vera in dentistry.

Aloe vera (Aloe barbadensis) is a plant that belongs to Liliaceae family. The name Aloe derives from the Arabic word “Alloeh” meaning shining bitter substance while “vera” in Latin means true. It contains various minerals and vitamins. It has got various properties such as immunomodulatory, antiviral and antiinflammatory in nature. A. vera can play a significant role in dentistry in treatment of lichen planus, oral submucous fibrosis, recurrent aphthous stomatitis, alveolar osteitis, periodontitis, etc.

Versatility of Aloe Vera in Dentistry- A review

The Aloe vera plant has been known and used for centuries for its medicinal and skin care properties. The name Aloe vera derives from the Arabic word “Alloeh” meaning shining bitter substance, while “vera” in Latin means true. The Greek scientists regarded Aloe vera as the universal panacea. Aloe vera has its uses in various systemic conditions like skin disorders (e.g. psoriasis), bowel disorders, diabetes and in hyperlipidemic patients. It has also been used in dentistry for its beneficial properties in various conditions like lichen planus, apthous stomatitis, oral submucous fibrosis, pulpotomy of primary teeth, prevention of dry sockets, obturation of primary teeth, disinfection of irrigation units, bleeding and painful gums, disinfection of gutta percha cones, burning mouth syndrome and in radiated head and neck cancer patients. However, future researches should be aimed to determine its best method of preparation, optimal concentration, time of application and effects on the oral cavity.

Names associated with Aloe speciosa Baker (Asphodelaceae), a common species in the Western and Eastern Cape Provinces of South Africa

We argue that the names Aloe hexapetala Salm-Dyck, A. drepanophylla Baker, Aloe chloroleuca Baker and Aloe platylepis Baker should not be regarded as competing with the name Aloe speciosa Baker. The latter name is well-known, widely used, and can be easily linked to natural populations of an aloe that is widespread in South Africa's Western and Eastern Cape Provinces. The other names are to be regarded as insufficiently known.

Clarifying the application of the long-confused name Aloe commutata, and the establishment of Aloe ×commutata Tod. (Asphodelaceae)

The taxonomic history and application of the long-confused name Aloe commutata Tod. is reviewed and clarified. The name had previously been variously included in the synonymy of Aloe macrocarpa Tod., A. maculata All. and A. grandidentata Salm-Dyck. We agree with Reynolds (1950) that it shows characters that are intermediate between the latter two species and is likely a hybrid between them. Given the distinct horticultural value of this hybrid, the name is here resurrected as Aloe ×commutata Tod. We also show that Engler never published a later homonym, Aloe commutata Engl.; his misapplied use of the name in a specific sense [A. commutata sensu auct. Engler (1892)], however, became entrenched in the literature.Zusammenfassung: Die taxonomische Geschichte und Anwendung des lange fehlinterpretierten Namens Aloe commutata Tod. wird analysiert und geklärt. Der Name wurde früher unteschiedlich als Synonym von Aloe macrocarpa Tod., A. maculata All. und A. grandidentata Salm-Dyck betrachtet. Wir stimmen mit Reynolds (1950) überein, dass das Taxon Merkmale zeigt, die zwischen den zwei letztgenannten Arten stehen, und dass es sich wahrscheinlich um die entsprechende Hybride handelt. Unter Berücksichtigung des klaren gärtnerischen Potentials dieser Hybride wird der Name hier als Aloe ×commutata Tod. wieder aufgenommen. Wir zeigen zudem, dass Engler nie ein späteres Homonym Aloe commutata Engl. publizierte, aber seine fälschliche Anwendung des Namens [A. commutata sensu auct. Engler (1892)] auf Artebene hat sich tief in die Literatur eingegraben.