Namakkal District Research Articles

Detection of Staphylococcus aureus and antibiotic sensitivity pattern in mastitic cases from Namakkal District

Milk samples (n= 241) were collected from clinical and subclinical mastitic cows which were brought to teaching veterinary clinical complex (TVCC), Veterinary College and Research Institute (VC&RI), Namakkal, Tamil Nadu and subjected to isolation on mannitol salt agar, Gram’s staining and confirmation by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using specific primers. The prevalence of Staphylococcus aureus at cow level was 61.5 and 57.4 per cent in clinical and subclinical cases, respectively, and at quarter level was 58.8 and 57.4 per cent in the clinical and subclinical cases, respectively. Antibiotic sensitivity pattern revealed a high sensitivity to enrofloxacin (100.0%) and a high resistance to methicillin (100.0%) by S. aureus isolates, and multidrug resistance by S. aureus isolates was also observed.

Molecular docking and in vitro analysis of phytoextracts from B. serrata for antibacterial activities.

The bioactives of Boswellia serrata have a role in ulcer healing therapies. Eleven bioactive compounds were obtained by GC-MS among which Cholan-24-oic acid, 3,12-bis (acetyl oxy) has a high molecular weight of 490.6719 with a retention time of 26.729. Twenty wound samples were collected aseptically from the labs and hospitals in and around the Namakkal districts of Tamilnadu, India. The antibacterial potential of E.coli showed a maximum inhibition of 27 mm against Tetracycline at 30µg. The ethanolic extract of the B. serrata shows a susceptibility of 19mm towards E. coli at 60µg concentration in MIC. Molecular docking results show the binding energy of Cholan-24-oic acid, 3,12-bis(acetyloxy) -8.6 (kcal/mol) followed by Pyrene, hexadecahydro- -6.7 (kcal/mol), and 5(1H)- Azulenone, 2,4,6,7,8,8a-hexahydro-3,8-dimethyl-4-(1-methylethylidene)-, (8S-cis)- 6.4 (kcal/mol) for further consideration.

Influence of Consumer Buying Behaviour on GST among FMCG Organic Products in Namakkal District of Tamil Nadu

The study an attempt has been made on the influence of consumer buying behaviour on GST among FMCG organic products in Namakkal district of Tamil Nadu. The study has investigated the FMCG organic food products after GST. Data was collected from 240 respondents through a questionnaire. ANOVA was utilised to analyse the data in this study. Aside from examining influence levels, the study discovered a link between demographic characteristics and influence levels regarding FMCG organic food goods after GST. Gender, family income, education, and employment status differentiate consumers of FMCG organic food goods after GST, according to the study.

KNOWLEDGE, ATTITUDE AND PRACTICE AMONG GENERAL DENTAL PRACTITIONERS AND POSTGRADUATE STUDENTS ON INTRAORAL REPAIR OF FRACTURED ZIRCONIA BASED RESTORATIONS IN NAMAKKAL DISTRICT- A QUESTIONNAIRE SURVEY

Restoring lost tooth structure with a material that mimics natural teeth, both in contour and color, is gaining attention among the dentist as well as the patients. One such esthetic material is zirconia. Monolithic Zirconia based restorations are restricted for posterior regions, where mechanical properties are of prime concern and Bilayered Zirconia restorations, are used to achieve better esthetics in the anterior regions. Fracture or chipping of the veneered Zirconia based restorations has been reported clinically and rather than replacing the entire fractured restoration, intraoral repair procedures can be carried out to correct the fractured restoration, which are proven scientifically. Many intraoral repair systems are available in the market. Dentist should have in depth knowledge and awareness on how and when to use the intra oral repair system for each case, which will prevent the need for fabricating a new restoration. Thus the aim of this study is to assess the Knowledge, Attitude and Practice among general dental practitioners and postgraduate students on intraoral repair of fractured zirconia based restorations in Namakkal district.

An analysis of the factors influencing the attitude of social media users on online education and online purchasing in Namakkal district of Tamilnadu, India

An analysis of the factors influencing the attitude of social media users on online education and online purchasing in Namakkal district of Tamilnadu, India

A Study on Production and Marketing of Poultry Products in Namakkal District, Tamil Nadu State

The rural scenario in India is undergoing a rapid change, from the traditional concept of farming as a subsistence activity into a vibrant, commercial, economic venture enabling the farmers to live in dignity and prosperity. During the past four decades, the annual output of eggs has gone up by over eight times, and hence the marketing of poultry is the fast-growing industry. The development of farming has been given priority to help small rural farmers in the unorganized sector. It is also planned to ensure easy access to all necessary facilities, including inputs, credit and marketing. Hence, a study of the poultry industry and its commercial viability is of particular importance. Poultry farming is undertaken by thousands of rural as well as semi-urban masses. Poultry farming with low capital investment generates employment opportunities for rural and semi-urban people. With the new occupation and employment generation, the standard of living has considerably created a social impact.

Training Needs on Climate Resilient Farm Technologies for Improving the Livelihood and Nutritional Security of Farming Community in Namakkal District of Tamil Nadu

Farming remains as a risky profession in drought prone areas as a result of many climate change issues affecting the lives and livelihoods of many farm families. The periodical and sudden occurrence of natural vagaries in the past few years has become a new normal, resulting in the farming communities suffering huge productivity losses in farming and allied sectors. Over a period of time with their resultant farming experience over years, the farming community has diversified their farm related production activities. No longer are they entirely dependent on farming for their livelihood needs but derive more economic and nutritional gains from allied sectors. On the other hand, they also adopt modern and indigenous climate resilient farm technologies to mitigate climate change issues as a part oftheir farming activities. However, over a period of time they need to be trained on many climate resilient farm technologies to improve their farm yields, reduce losses and achieve sustainable farm production. Keeping this in view, a study was undertaken in Erumapatty block to study the training needs of farmers on climate resilient farm technologies for improving the livelihood and nutritional security of farming community in Namakkal district of Tamil Nadu. About 120 farm respondents were selected for the study where National Initiative on Climate Resilient Agriculture (NICRA) scheme was launched in different modules. Training needs related to capacity building and blending of local resources, creation of water harvesting structures and new irrigation management practices for taking up mitigation measures was assessed as a part of the study. This identified training needs coupled with developing a new extension model for addressing climate change issues in Namakkal district as a part of the study is sure to address many climate change related issues affecting farmers. It will also assist in improving the livelihood and nutritional security of farming community in the near future.

Pathomorphology of Concurrent Peste des Petits Ruminants (PPR) and Contagious Caprine Pleuropneumonia (CCPP) in a Cross Breed Goat Flock

Background: Respiratory diseases are very common in goats and cause severe economic loss to the rural poor farmers. Proper identification of the actual pathogen(s) responsible for the respiratory infections is critical for timely and proper management of those diseases. The present communication describes the spontaneous occurrence of concurrent Peste des petits ruminants (PPR) and contagious caprine pleuro-pneumonia (CCPP) in a goat flock.Methods: An outbreak of respiratory disease in a goat flock consisting of 45 Tellicherry cross bred animals in varying age groups was investigated during the month of February 2019 in Namakkal district of Tamil Nadu. Information of disease outbreak and flock details were collected. Samples from live (nasal, ocular and rectal swabs) and dead (lung, spleen and mesenteric lymph nodes) were collected for detection of Peste des petits ruminants virus (PPRV) and Mycoplasma capricolum subsp.capripneumoniae (MCCP) antigen by polymerase chain reaction. Tissues from heart, lung, liver, kidney, intestine, spleen and lymph node were collected in 10% neutral buffered formalin for histopathological examination.Result: Out of 45 goats at risk, 23 showed clinical signs and 17 died of disease conditions with morbidity, mortality and case fatality rate of 51.11%, 37.77% and 73.91% respectively. PPR was confirmed by RT-PCR with M gene specific primers (191bp) and CCPP was confirmed by PCR with 16S rRNA gene fragment (316 bp). Affected animals showed clinical signs of pyrexia, anorexia, marked depression, mild erosions in the oral mucosa, nasal and ocular discharge, coughing and diarrhoea. Necropsy examination revealed congested oral mucosa, extensive pleuritis with large fibrin clots on lung surface and greyish pink consolidation of cranial lobes and anterior parts of diaphragmatic lobes. On section, consolidated areas were granular in appearance. Histopathology of lung revealed thickening of pleura, interlobular septa and alveolar wall by fibrin deposition and infiltration of inflammatory cells. Pulmonary congestion, infiltration of neutrophils and mononuclear cells, syncytial cell formation with eosinophilic intracytoplasmic and intranuclear inclusions were also noticed. Visceral organs showed degenerative and necrotic changes.

Remazol reactive dye degrading Bacteria from freshwater fish of River Cauvery, Pallipalayam of Namakkal District, South India

BackgroundAzo dye effluents cause severe pollution problems in soil and water and affect their flora and fauna throughout the world. The combination of dye degrading bacteria in the gut of freshwater fish has been considered a prospective approach towards the development of a sustainable environment. In the southernmost part of India, especially in the Namakkal District of Tamil Nadu state, urbanization and industrial development lead to various environmental issues. In lieu, most of the earlier works were carried out on the bacterial dye degradation from soil and water sources, least concentration on the dye degradation from fish gut flora. The objective of this study was to analyze the role of dye degrading bacteria in the gut of freshwater fish collected from the study area.ResultsWe have studied the aerobic degradation of remazol yellow reactive dye by bacteria forming the gut flora of exotic fish Oreochromis mossambica from river Cauvery at Pallipalayam of Namakkal District, India. Eight dye degrading gut isolates viz. Pseudomonas sp. AD1, Bacillus sp. AD2, Staphylococcus sp. AD3, Staphylococcus AD4, Enterobacter sp. AD5, Escherichia coli AD6, Streptococcus sp. AD7 and Clostridium sp. AD8 were obtained capable of growing in azo dye incorporated in Basic mineral medium (BMM) medium. Optimization study was carried out for various parameters for the selected isolates. Based on the growth, maximum growth was seen in Pseudomonas sp. AD1 (in 0–24 h) and minimum in Escherichia coli.AD 6 (in 72–96 h). Pseudomonas sp. AD1, Enterobacter sp.AD5, and Bacillus sp. AD 2 exhibited efficient dye degradation during 0–96 h analysis which was confirmed by FTIR analysis. Loss of azo group stretch at 1572–76 cm−1 and 1429 cm−1 and presence of primary (–NH2–) and secondary amides (–NH2–), aliphatic –C–N– stretching and confirmed –C–S– stretching in FTIR analysis confirms the breaking down of the azo bond.ConclusionThis study showed that there is a platform for using the bacterial flora of fish gut that paves a prominent way in the degradation of Azo dye.

A Study on Production and Marketing of Pineapple in Kolli Hills, Namakkal District, Tamil Nadu-India

India is the second largest producer of fruits (44 million tonnes) and vegetables (87.5 million tonnes) with a unique position in fruits like mango, litchi, banana, pineapple, sapota and grapes. India’s share in the world production is about 10.1 per cent in fruits and 14.4 per cent in vegetables. The future of the Indian farmers depends on the success of the agriculture sector as India’s prosperity is predominantly linked to the growth in income in the agrarian sector of the economy. India has been bestowed with wide range of climate and physio geographical conditions and as such is most suitable for growing various kinds of horticultural crops. Pineapple is the most important American fruit, and the third most important tropical fruit, after banana and mango citrus fruits being produced mainly in subtropical areas. It is cultivated in all tropical and subtropical countries. The common name for one member of and for the Bromeliaceae, a family of chiefly epiphytic herbs and small shrubs. The spiny leaves of various species of the genus Ananas yield a hard fiber called gravata in South America and pina, or pineapple cloth, in the Philippines. The fruit, whose spiny skin is yellowish brown when ripe, is sweet and juicy; it is topped by a distinctive rosette of green leaves. It is grown throughout warmer regions. The economics of pineapple production is indispensable since there is no proper farm business data on its cost of production. The accurate figure on establishment cost, operating cost and input requirement of pineapple orchard would be greatly helpful to the pineapple producers in general. This information will be of immense use to farm financing institutions. Area under pineapple is gradually expanding in the study area district. The present study is an attempt to analyse the feasibility of investment in pineapple gardens and to find out the profitability of pineapple crop.

Geotechnical Investigation and Numerical Analysis of Slope Failure: A Case Study of Landslide Vulnerability Zone in Kolli Hills, Tamil Nadu

Abstract Landslides are the downward movement of materials under the influence of gravity when shear stress exceeds the shear strength of the material. It includes various movements resulting in complex type of slope failures which commonly occurred on cut slopes of Ghat roads in mountaneous region. The study area chosen for the geotechnical investigation is Kolli hills situated in the tail end of the Eastern Ghats in Namakkal district of Tamil Nadu, India. The ghat road section of 20 km stretch along with 70 hairpin bends, connects the foothills at Karavallikkombai to Sholaikkadu at the top is selected for the present study. The hill is situated at a fault zone which is extended from Mettur dam, Salem district, Tamil Nadu. In this study, undisturbed soil samples were collected from 10 landslide locations and tested for its index and engineering properties. Based on the test results, static slope stability analysis using Modified Bishop method and dynamic slope stability analysis using Simplified Newmark method were carried out to find out factor of safety of the slopes which is used to derive the slope stability assessment of the study area. The landslide hazard zone assessment was carried out to identify the landslide prone areas.

A Study on Production and Marketing of Pineapple in Kolli Hills, Namakkal District, Tamil Nadu-India.

A Study on Production and Marketing of Pineapple in Kolli Hills, Namakkal District, Tamil Nadu-India.

Design, Analysis, Manufacturing and Testing of a SCARA Robot with Pneumatic Gripper for the Poultry Industry

Soft robotics is replacing conventional robots in fields requiring interaction with fragile objects. Namakkal district of Tamil Nadu is responsible for over 90% of egg exports in India. Most of the eggs are processed and palletized manually which causes a lot of money on human labor. This paper discusses the design of a SCARA robot which uses asymmetric flexible pneumatic bellow actuator (AFPBA) to palletize the eggs to reduce the processing time and human labor. The design, analysis, manufacturing and testing details have been provided. The manufactured prototype was able to successfully lift 200 grams without slippage.

Kriging: An advanced Geostatistical Tool to Interpolate the Textural Variation Influences the Yield and Productivity of Tapioca (Manihot esculenta) in Namakkal District, Tamil Nadu, India

Soil texture is a vital variable that reflects a number of soil properties such as Bulk Density, Particle Density, Infiltration Rate, Hydraulic conductivity, Water holding capacity, nutrient storage and availability as well as transport and binding and stability of soil aggregates. For better tuber development in cassava soil texture plays vital role. The main objective of this study is to produce kriged maps (Ordinary kriging map and semivariogram) to interpolate the soil texture for Tapioca growing soils of Paramthy block, Namakkal District at unsampled locations. In this study, nearly 54 surface samples were collected covering 19,149 ha of agriculture land with dominant cultivation of Tapioca. This study helps spatial interpolation of unsampled location of soil texture i.e. sand, silt and clay content which rules the soil physical, chemical and hydrological properties. The average standard error for sand and clay are 0.2 and 0.19 respectively. The results such as provided maps and their associated variance can be used as data source for the development and implementation of further land management and soil water conservation plans in the study area.

Investigation on antibiotic resistance property of bacteria enumerated from human pus samples

This study was focused on evaluating the presence of commercial antibiotic resistant pathogenic bacteria present in the pus samples of patients from secondary care hospital Namakkal district of Tamil Nadu. About 494 pus samples from a total of 729 samples contained antibiotic resistant pathogenic bacteria. Among several bacterial species, the strains of Pseudomonas, Staphylococcus, Klebsiella, Escherchia, Enterococcus, and Micrococcus were found as the most predominant bacteria from pus samples. About 4 isolates showed resistance to more commercial antibiotics. These 4 strains were identified as P. aeroginosa CM1 to CM4. These strains showed resistance up to 98% for more number of commercial antibiotics than other strains. These strains were identified through molecular characterization (16S rRNA) and phylogenetic tree analysis. Fortunately, these 4 numbers of P. aeruginosa strains were susceptible to meropenem and amikacin antibiotics. These results declared that the pathogenic bacteria present in the soft tissue of wounds and others could create resistance to the commercial antibiotic, which is frequently administered to the patients.

English

English

Training needs on climate resilient farm technologies for improving the livelihood and nutritional security of farming community in Namakkal district of Tamil Nadu

Farming remains as a risky profession in drought prone areas as a result of many climate changeissues affecting the lives and livelihoods of many farm families. The periodical and sudden occurrenceof natural vagaries in the past few years has become a new normal, resulting in the farmingcommunities suffering huge productivity losses in farming and allied sectors. Over a period of timewith their resultant farming experience over years, our farming community has diversified their farmrelated production activities. No longer they are entirely dependent on farming for their livelihoodneeds but derive more economic and nutritional gains from allied sectors. On the other hand, they alsoadopt modern and indigenous climate resilient farm technologies to mitigate climate change issues asa part of their farming activities. However, over a period of time they need to be trained on manyclimate resilient farm technologies to improve their farm yields, reduce losses and achieve sustainablefarm production. Keeping this in view, a study was undertaken in Erumapatty block to study thetraining needs of farmers on Climate resilient farm technologies for improving the livelihood andnutritional security of farming community in Namakkal district of Tamil Nadu. About 120 farmrespondents were selected for this study where National Initiative on Climate Resilient Agriculture(NICRA) scheme was launched in different modules. Training needs related to Capacity building andblending of local resources, Creation of water harvesting structures and New irrigation managementpractices for taking up mitigation measures was assessed as a part of this study. This identified trainingneeds coupled with developing a new extension model for addressing climate change issues inNamakkal district as a part of this study is sure to address many climate change related issues affectingour farmers. It will also assist us in improving the livelihood and nutritional security of our farmingcommunity in the near future.

A new species of Sparsorythus Sroka amp; Soldán, 2008 (Ephemeroptera:Tricorythidae) from Eastern Ghats of Southern India.

A new mayfly species, Sparsorythus sivaramakrishnani sp. nov. from the stream of Pullian cholai, Thuraiyur, Namakkal district, Tamil Nadu, India is described based on male and female nymphs. Sparsorythus sivaramakrishnani sp. nov. differs from the closely related S. gracilis by the shape of the left prostheca, the number of bristle-like processes at base of left prostheca, the ratio and shape of right prostheca, the ratio of femur length: width, the size of the female nymph, the mesonotum overlapping in fifth abdominal segment of the female, and by the shape of hypopharyngeal lingua.

Attitude, perception, and awareness among dental practitioners in the Namakkal district of Tamil Nadu about severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 and disease management - A prevalence study

Background: Due to the availability of proper hygiene standards and suggestions, many dental health centers fail to satisfy the minimal disease control criteria. Objective: The goal of this research was to investigate the degree of attitude, perception, and awareness of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-COV-2) and disease management among dental practitioners in Namakkal district - A prevalence study. Methods: Dental practitioner operating in Namakkal district private health center, nursing homes, and health-care organizations was included in the research population. An questionnaire survey was issued to a test group in May 2020. The participants answered a sequence of quiz about dental practitioner survey was, their deep understanding of latent period, disease symptoms, SARS-COV-2 spreading route, and disease prevention. Results: A total of 207 dental practitioner were included in this study (98 males and 109 females). While all respondents (100%) were aware of the PPE required in this situation, a small percentage (2.5%) did not prefer to use one. About 99.5% of them endorsed social isolation as a containment measure to avert this epidemic and correctly identified the age group in which the disease is most prevalent. Few respondents (81.6% and 73.9%, respectively) were aware with the specifics of vaccine development and the death rate in the worst-affected nations. Similarly, not everyone was aware of the disorders associated with this disease (91.3%) or the actions that should be educate patients. Conclusion: In general, participants possessed a reasonable/above-average level of knowledge of the virus, its transmission, prevention, and therapy (around 90-100% correct responses overall). Almost all participants endorsed sharing this information with their patients, while a few expressed reservations. This research reveals that dental practitioner had a high level of knowledge and awareness of the pandemic.

Screening, molecular detection and hydrocarbon investigation of microalgae from paddy fields of Rasipuram area, Namakkal, Tamil Nadu

Microalgal biomass is an enhanced resource of energy and competent in meeting the universal demand for fuels in transports. It appeared as solitary of the most encouraging origin for the production of biofuel. The current study concerned the prevalence of Cyanobacteria, and Green algae from fifty water and algal sample of paddy fields of Rasipuram, Namakkal district, Tamil Nadu, India. An entirety of 262 cyanobacterial taxa of 25 genera delineating 7 families and 157 taxa of green algae of 23 genera depicting 15 families were documented. Among them, the dominant species reported were Oscillatoria sp. Synechocystis sp. Aphanocapsa sp. Scenedesmus sp. Spirogyra sp. and Chlamydomonas sp. Among the 25 genera of cyanobacteria, 6 were heterocystous and 19 were non-heterocystous. Among them, the dominant and fast-growing microalga was identified morphologically as Synechocystis sp. The microalgal growth rate, chlorophyll, carotenoids, and phycobilins were resolved. The microalga was executed with 16 s rRNA amplification, sequenced, and NCBI BLAST seek was accomplished, showed 99% similarity, and identified as S. aquatilis strain mn27. It was deposited in Genbank and KY120320 is the accession number. The tree of Phylogeny was inferred through the approach of Neighbour Joining with MEGA 5. The content of hydrocarbon in S. aquatilis was executed with GC-MS. The chief hydrocarbons were Dibutyl phthalate and Ethanol, 2,2′-oxybis-. Microalga is a gainful choice for the production of biofuel, while its accessibility, inexpensive, simple to cultivate, and curtail Carbon dioxide emission in the ambiance. Microalgal biomass is one of the greater resources of energy.