Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic Research Articles

Study of Agrobiologic and Pomological Characteristics of Some Aboriginal Varieties of Apple Tree Cultivated in the Territory of the Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic

The article presents the agrobiologic and pomological characteristics of indigenous apple varieties cultivated in the territory of the Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic. The origin of each variety, average fruit weight, disease susceptibility, yield per hectare and tasting prices are described in detail here. The article presents the history of the development of fruit growing in Nakhchivan, as well as what foreign travelers say about Nakhchivan, and the history of gardening in Nakhchivan goes back to ancient times. According to travelers, the history of fruit growing in Nakhchivan dates back 3,500 years or even earlier. For the first time, we studied the exact list of apple varieties common in Nakhchivan, noted their names and synonyms. Also, the varieties and forms of apple trees cultivated in Nakhchivan were grouped into local varieties, introduced varieties, folk selection varieties and newly discovered forms. As a result of the research, indigenous varieties and forms of apple trees cultivated on the territory of the autonomous republic were grouped according to their ripening time. The pomological characteristics of the indicated varieties and forms of apple trees are given in detail.

Study of Fauna and Ecology of Species Belonging to Entodynimorpha in the Regions of Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic

Rumen Protozoa are strictly anaerobic and highly specialized ciliates and can live only in the rumen and similar habitats. These Ciliata play an important role in feed utilization and indicate the environmental impact (methane emissions and nitrogen excretion) of ruminant production. Digestion of feed in ruminants depends on the life activity of microorganisms. Without their help, ruminants could not assimilate cellulose with simple non-protein compounds. These microorganisms located in rumen decompose the organic substances in the feed and form volatile fatty acids, ammonia, amino acids, which animals use for their development and reproduction. In the rumen of domesticated cattle and sheep, rumen cilia constitute 20-50% of the total microbial biomass. Rumen Ciliata develop symbiotic relationships with their animal hosts and both symbiotic and predator-prey relationships with other members of the rumen microbiota. The lack of axenic cultures of rumen Ciliata has forced researchers to use other methods to determine the metabolism and functions of rumen Protozoa, such as comparing rumen fermentation and microbial profiles of faunal and non-ciliated cattle or sheep or using in vitro cultures.

Bioecological Characteristic and Uses of Spinacia tetrandra Steven

The flora of Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic can be considered as a source of vegetable raw materials rich in herbal, medicinal, technical and, in general, biologically active substances. From this point of view, it is very important to study the modern state of wild vegetable plants in Nakhchivan MR biodiversity, to search for new opportunities and traditional ways of their use. In the article, biomorphological features and directions of use of Spinacia tetrandra, were investigated. Plant specimens are found in saline areas, sandy soils, roadsides and settlements. It spreads from plains to lower mountainous belts. Plant samples were collected from Gahab, Zeyneddin, Jamaldin etc. regions. It is usually used cooked. Spinach is used in the preparation of beetroot soup, soups and various vegetable dishes. Dried spinach is slightly inferior to meat in the amount of protein it contains. Spinach is used not only fresh, but also canned and frozen.

Study of Agroecological Features of Ligustrum vulgare L. in Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic and Prospects for Its Use in Greening

The results of a study are presented to study the possibilities of using Ligustrum vulgare L. in urban landscaping. Information is provided on the bioecological characteristics of Ligustrum vulgare — Common Privet, Olive family. The possibilities of using this species in creating various compositions and forms as an ornamental plant are analyzed. It has been established that the use of this plant in landscaping works makes it possible to create a beautiful background in parks and gardens in cities and towns of the region. Ligustrum vulgare is mainly used to create various green compositions as a living fence.

Blood Parasitic Diseases of Cattle in the Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic of Azerbaijan

The result of a study on the distribution of parasitosis in cattle in the Nakhichevan Autonomous Republic of Azerbaijan is presented. In a study of 422 heads of cattle, parasite carriage reached 73%. Increased infestation is observed in lowland and foothill areas. The most common species are Theileria annulata(65.6%) and Anaplasma marginale(14.9%). To combat blood-parasitic diseases in the Republic, it is necessary to determine the type of blood-parasitic diseases, study the species composition of ixodid ticks and seasonal periods of parasitism, the reasons for the spread of ticks. In conclusion, a number of practical measures for the prevention of blood parasitic diseases are proposed.

Study of Populations of Urtica dioica L. in the Mountain Areas of Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic

The distribution, ontogenetic structure, age and growth structure of hay meadow populations, productivity in different periods of ontogenesis of all populations of Urtica dioica L. are considered. Populations of this species are identified and studied. Urtica dioica is a common plant in the highlands of the Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic. An assessment of 10 populations was carried out, the data were presented in the form of tables and graphs. The structure of ontogenesis was studied based on the population method. It has been established that this plant is distributed as part of plant groups in the herbaceous, shrub and forest vegetation of the Sharur, Babek, Kengerli, Shahbuz and Ordubad administrative regions of the Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic.

MUXTARİYYƏT İLLƏRİNDƏ NAXÇIVANDA TƏHSİLİN İNKİŞAF İSTİQAMƏTLƏRİ

Development Directions of Education in Nakhchivan During the Years of Autonomy Summary Cultural advancement and progress are impossible without education. It is for this reason that the development of education has always been kept in mind, and important measures have been taken in this direction. As we know, during the period of autonomy, important work was done in the direction of education development in Nakhchivan, and great achievements were made in this field. During the years of Soviet rule, the land of Nakhchivan was considered a remote, backward area. Illiteracy reigned among the population. Nakhchivan People's Education Commissariat is established to eliminate illiteracy. In 1922-1923, one of the steps taken by the People's Commissariat of Education in the direction of eliminating illiteracy was the creation of special courses in 26 general education schools. The establishment of the Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic in 1924 led to the development of school construction in a new direction. Thus, the network of pre-school organizations, including general education schools, has been significantly expanded, and new successes have been achieved in the direction of teacher training. The two-year Pedagogical Institute operating in Nakhchivan was selected for its activities in the direction of teacher training. In the article, the development of education in Nakhchivan during the years of autonomy was followed, and the work done in this field was interpreted from a scientific point of view. Key words: Nakhchivan, autonomous region, development of education, abolition of illiteracy, network of schools, training of teachers

Rare and Endangered Species of the Sorbus L. Genus (Rosaceae) in the Flora of Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic

The article presents the characteristic features of rare and endangered species of Sorbus subfusca (Ledeb. ex Nordm.) Boiss., Sorbus persica Hedl., Sorbus roopiana Bordz., Sorbus kusnetzovii Zinserl., Sorbus caucasica Zinserl., Sorbus luristanica (Bornm.) Schönb.-Tem. belonging to the Sorbus L. genus, which are widespread in the flora of the Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic. In addition, the distribution areas have been determined, the causes of destruction have been studied, ways of restoration and issues of protection of these species have been indicated. It has been established that the reason for the reduction of the range of these species is their inconvenient and intensive use, as well as their collection for various purposes.

Geographical Analysis of Berberidaceae Family Plants Found on the Territory of Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic

It becomes difficult to determine the first historical range of the plant, which moved far from its prehistoric territory. It has been controversial in this aspect to determine the historical geographical range of plants also included in the Berberis L. genus. Genera and species of Berberidaceae family in Nakhchivan AR migrated from the flora of the Caucasus, Central Asia, East Asia, Iran. The territory of Iran is dominant and represented by 4 species in this family. As a result of the analysis, it was found that plants belonging to the Berberidaceae family, found on the Territory of Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic which relate predominantly to xerophilic, Caucasian and boreal geographical types.

Productivity Indicators of Almond Varieties and Forms Grown in Babek and Kangarli Districts of Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic

The article presents the yield of local and imported almond varieties and some newly discovered almond forms cultivated in the territory of Babek and Kangarli districts. Here, the yield from each tree and the yield per hectare were studied separately, and the average yield was calculated for the varieties. Including the productivity of each almond variety and form, the yield per 1 m3 canopy volume, 1 m2canopy projection, 1 cm2 cross-section of the stamp and 1 m2leaf surface of the tree was calculated and detailed based on the methods compared with the varieties. Depending on the varieties, the volume of the canopy is 10.54-23.22 m3, the projection area of the canopy is 7.52-11.85 m2, the cross-section of the stamp is 156.23-185.59 cm2, the leaf surface of the tree is 12.31-30.72 m2 The specific weight per m3 of the umbrella is 2.01-2.91 kg, the productivity coefficient per m2of the projection area of the umbrella is 3.10-4.64 kg, the weight per 1 cm2of the cross section of the stamp is 0.16-0.28 kg and the weight per m3of leaf area was 1.30-2.73 kg. Here, the average weight of each fruit, the weight of the kernel, the weight of the seed for each variety and shape were studied and the most productive varieties and shapes were selected and planted in large areas. recommended. Also, among the promising varieties and forms, the varieties and forms with the highest seed yield were identified and selected. It is appropriate to use the selected varieties and forms in planting new orchards.

Distribution of Macrozoobenthos of Flowing Water Bodies by Altitudinal Belts of the Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic

Spatial distribution, species structure and ecological indicators of macrozoobenthos of flowing water bodies by altitude belts of Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic were studied. Macrobenthos fauna of the rivers of the region is formed in psammoreophilic, phytoreophilic and peloreophilic biocenoses with a great advantage of lithoreophilic biocenosis. The lithoreophilic biocenosis of rivers of the mountain and high-mountain belts is characterized by extensive area and abundance of species diversity. The core of the lithoreophilic biocenosis is composed of populations of rheophilic organisms such as moths, mayflies, vernal pools and simulids; its usual inhabitants are also rheophilic larvae of chironomids of the genus Polypedilum, Endochironomus, Eukiefferiella, Cricotopus and Orthocladius. The family composition of the fauna was found to be relatively stable along the rivers. Differences in the species composition of macrobenthos fauna, change of dominant species in biocenoses are related to biological features of the main species, anthropic and anthropogenic impacts, as well as different time of research. The species composition of macrozoobenthos of the rivers of the autonomous republic decreases from the source to the mouth.

Determination of Balbas Breed Sheep Standard Performance the Grown in the Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic

The determination of the standard productivity of Balbas sheep raised in the Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic has not yet been carried out. For this purpose, the typological characteristics of Balbas breed sheep currently bred in the autonomous republic were studied and divided into three types according to body structure and performance. These are the tough, rough and gentle types. Sheep of a strong type have a height at the withers of 69 cm, an oblique body length of 68 cm, a chest width of 23 cm, a chest depth of 31 cm, a chest girth of 99 cm. Wool yield is 2.0 kg, milk yield is 100 kg per head. For coarse type ewes, these sizes are respectively 70, 68, 24, 33, 102 cm, 1.7 and 90 kg, for gentle type ewes 66, 21, 30, 96 cm, 1.5 kg.

Bee Trees and Shrubs of the Rosaceae Family in the Flora of the Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic

In the flora of Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic, nectar and pollen plants are not only a natural resource, but also an inexhaustible source of resources. A more detailed study of their species composition and communication of information to the population is one of the most urgent issues of our time. As a result of floristic research, 359 species of honeybee and pollen-bearing plants were found in the biodiversity of flora of Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic. Of them 126 taxa belonging to 22 genus of family Rosaceae consist of trees and shrubs. The article considers their taxonomic composition and provides information on the biological features of some species of exceptional importance in the development of beekeeping. As a result of analysis, taking into account that 19 species of trees and shrubs giving nectar and pollen are rare and endangered, the zones of their distribution have been specified, maps have been drawn up, the reasons for their disappearance have been clarified and they have been included in the Red Book of the Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic.

A New Find for the Flora of Azerbaijan - Dracocephalum thymiflorum L.

The article discusses the bioecological and phytocoenological features of the species Dracocephalum thymiflorum L. (Lamiaceae Lindl.), identified in the course of research conducted on the Zangezur National Park territory of the Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic: in the vicinity of the village of Kulus Shahbuz district and the village Paraga, as well as in the Azhnovur valley (at the foot of the Soyugdag mountain) of the Ordubad district. Given that this species is rare, it is important in the future to include it in the new edition of the Red Book of Azerbaijan and the Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic.

Monieziasis Distribution of Cattle in Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic

The article shows the peculiarities of distribution, intensity and extensiveness of cattle infestation with moniezias, associated with natural-climatic, ecological and anthropogenic factors. In the territory of Nakhchivan AR were detected 2 species of moniezias of cattle: Moniezia expansa and M. benedeni. In the lowland zone of Autonomous Republic, the rate of infection of cattle with monieziasis is more 36,2%, in the foot-hill zone is 42,7% and in the mountain zone is 23,6%. The intensiveness of infection of cattle was from 3 to 28 specimens.

Distribution Regularities of Tree Species of the Rosaceae Family in Shrubs in River Valleys and a Streak in the Flora of the Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic

The presented article provides information about the shrub vegetation of the river basins and valleys of the woody species of the Rosaceae family in the flora of the Nakhchivan. The river basins of Arpachay, Nakhchivanchay, Alinchachay, Havushchay, Gilanchay and river basins of the Sharur, Shahbuz, Julfa and Ordubad districts were studied as the research object. The conducted research allows to determine the important features characteristic of the woody species of the Rosaceae family spreading in the river valleys and riverbanks. In the structure of the steppe complex, shrub plants, especially woody species of the Rosaceae family, occupy an important place. They are part of the bush steppes, form independent groups and form unique formations. Both the sandy areas of the banks of rivers and streams, as well as the bushes found on the mountain slopes on the right and left banks of the rivers, differ sharply in terms of their species composition. In the studied vegetation class, 6 formations, 13 associations and 1 sub-association were determined by us for the first time and a phytocoenological classification of vegetation was given. In formation 1, 2 associations dominated by Rosa canina are found along the river valleys mentioned above. In the 2nd formation, 2 associations are identified, dominated by the species Crataegus meyeri. Prunus fenzliana, P. divaricata, and P. nairica species are also widely spread in this grouping. In the 3rd formation, 3 associations with a significant abundance of almond bushes and 1 sub-association identified by us for the first time. Prunus fenzliana is the dominant species in the subassociation. At the same time, Rosa canina and R. buschianaspecies are noticeably widespread in the grouping. The composition of the 4th formation includes 3 associations dominated by Crataegus meyeri, C. caucasica, C. monogyna, Sorbus graeca, and S. persica species. The 5th formation contains 2 associations dominated by Cotoneaster melanocarpus, C. integerrimus, Rosa canina, R. hracziana species, and the 6th formation contains 1 association dominated by Prunus microcarpaspecies.

Leeches (Annelida, Hirudinea) Fauna of Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic

The fauna of the leeches of Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic is represented by 10 species belonging to 9 genera, 5 families, 2 orders and one class. According to zoogeographical affiliation, leech species belong to 4 faunistic complexes. In the benthic infauna of various types of water bodies, glossyphonides predominate in the frequency of occurrence and abundance of individuals. An extremely rare medical leech (Hirudo medicinalis) is the only practically useful representative of the girudofauna. Functional significance of other species in biocenoses is low. The article also presents data on morphology, body sizes, objects of finding and biotopes of leeches of fauna of Nakhchivan.

Berberis aquifolium Pursh - New Species for the Flora of Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic of Azerbaijan

Geobotanical, floristic, systematic, ecological studies were carried out to study the flora and vegetation of the administrative regions of Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic of Azerbaijan. The purpose of the study was to study flora and vegetation, to look for new taxa of wild and cultivated flora of the region. Before our research (1970), in the flora of Nakhchivan the Berberidaceae family was represented by only 3 species of the Berberis genus: B. integerrima Bunge, B. iberica Steven, B. vulgaris L. During long-term (1970-2023) research, we identified 3 more species: B. heteropoda Schrenk, B. thunbergii f. atropurpurea and during the expedition on May 10, 2023, the species Berberis aquifolium Pursh was found. It was introduced as a highly ornamental shrub. Thus, based on literary sources and the results of our research, it has been established that 14 wild and cultivated species (and two forms) of barberry are widespread in Azerbaijan. During the research, attention was paid to the habitat conditions of the newly identified taxa, their morphobiological, useful and bioecological features were studied for further rational use. Barberry species are valuable useful plants. Because of the research, it is recommended to create plantations of industrial importance for rational, long-term use, improve, increase productivity, and protect natural thickets and their populations.

The petrophilic species of Campanulaceae Juss. family spread in Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic

In this article there have been reverberated the phytocenological characteristics of the representatives of Campanulaceae Juss. family spread in Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic flora. So, based on the conclusions of the study, there have been identified that, the species of Campanulaceae family can be considered refence plants for rockypetrophilic vegetation types. During the study, there have been discovered that, 9 species of Campanulaceae family have been found in rocks and debris of Nakhchivan AR. During the expeditions organized in AR regions from the low mountain zone to the alpine zone in 2012-2019 research years, 7 species of Campanulaceae family [Campanula karakuschensis Grossh., Campanula coriacea PH Davis, Campanula zangezura (Lipsky) Kolak et Serdj., Campanula sclerotricha Boiss., Campanula bayerniana Rupr., Campanula saxifraga Bieb., Campanula daralaghezica (Grossh.) Kolak et Serdjukova] have been discovered on shaded rocks and rock crevices as a representative of petrophilic vegetation type. 2 species of Campanulaceae family [Campanula massalskyi Fomin, Campanula propinqua Fisch. et C.A. Mey.] have been found on debris and pebble stones as a petrophilic vegetation type.

Study of Crop Yield Elements of Hard Wheat in Fourth Generation (F4) Hybrid Lines (Azerbaijan)

In the article, the productivity elements of 40 intraspecific fourth generation (F4) hybrid lines of hard wheat were studied in comparison with the standard Fertile-95 hard wheat variety under irrigation conditions at the Absheron Auxiliary Experimental Farm of the Research Institute of Crop Husbandry, in the 2019-2020 vegetation year. As a result of research, it is recommended to select hybrid lines with catalog number k-ST/2016/13, k-ST/2016/65, k-ST/2016/173, k-ST/2016/174, k-ST/2016/176, k-ST/2016/18a etc. and use them in the hybridization process in order to enrich the germplasm of local wheat genotypes as a valuable starting material with high productivity elements and in order to create new varieties of hard wheat, it was included in the experiment at the irrigated (Tarter Regional Experimental Station, Araz Science Production Union of Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic) and non-humidified (Jalilabad Regional Experimental Station) regions of the republic.