Naive Bayes Algorithm Research Articles

Detection of offensive terms in resource-poor language using machine learning algorithms.

The use of offensive terms in user-generated content on different social media platforms is one of the major concerns for these platforms. The offensive terms have a negative impact on individuals, which may lead towards the degradation of societal and civilized manners. The immense amount of content generated at a higher speed makes it humanly impossible to categorise and detect offensive terms. Besides, it is an open challenge for natural language processing (NLP) to detect such terminologies automatically. Substantial efforts are made for high-resource languages such as English. However, it becomes more challenging when dealing with resource-poor languages such as Urdu. Because of the lack of standard datasets and pre-processing tools for automatic offensive terms detection. This paper introduces a combinatorial pre-processing approach in developing a classification model for cross-platform (Twitter and YouTube) use. The approach uses datasets from two different platforms (Twitter and YouTube) the training and testing the model, which is trained to apply decision tree, random forest and naive Bayes algorithms. The proposed combinatorial pre-processing approach is applied to check how machine learning models behave with different combinations of standard pre-processing techniques for low-resource language in the cross-platform setting. The experimental results represent the effectiveness of the machine learning model over different subsets of traditional pre-processing approaches in building a classification model for automatic offensive terms detection for a low resource language, i.e., Urdu, in the cross-platform scenario. In the experiments, when dataset D1 is used for training and D2 is applied for testing, the pre-processing approach named Stopword removal produced better results with an accuracy of 83.27%. Whilst, in this case, when dataset D2 is used for training and D1 is applied for testing, stopword removal and punctuation removal were observed as a better preprocessing approach with an accuracy of 74.54%. The combinatorial approach proposed in this paper outperformed the benchmark for the considered datasets using classical as well as ensemble machine learning with an accuracy of 82.9% and 97.2% for dataset D1 and D2, respectively.

DDoS attack detection in smart home applications

AbstractIn smart applications, edge nodes are deployed to perform faster computations. Due to the limited computational capability of edge nodes, collaborative computing is used in which multiple edge nodes collaborate for request processing. For faster processing, these edge nodes are used in many applications namely, smart homes, smart farming, healthcare and so forth. In this paper, we have discussed the use of edge nodes in smart home applications. The smart home application contains different types of sensors and these sensors generate various types of data. Edge nodes are used in these applications for the immediate processing of data. A data classifier is used to classify the data and to reduce delay in data processing. However, the data classifier is more susceptible to DDoS attacks. Hence, an efficient attack detection mechanism is required to detect DDoS attacks. We have used a Feature Selection SVM (FSSVM) algorithm to select optimal parameters for attack recognition. In this algorithm, the information gain ratio is used for optimal parameter selection, and SVM is used for classification. The FSSVM algorithm has been compared with KPCA‐SVM, SVM, and Naive Bayes. Simulation results show that the FSSVM algorithm provides better accuracy compared to KPCA‐SVM, SVM, and Naive Bayes algorithms.

Automatic classification method of power user’s requirements text based on parallel naive Bayesian algorithm

In order to ensure the efficiency of power user’s requirements processing, an automatic classification method for demand test of power users based on parallel naive Bayesian algorithm is proposed. Polynomial naive Bayes is selected to build Hadoop cluster, and the feature words of power user’s requirements are selected through chi square test. The weight of each feature item is calculated by word frequency-inverse text frequency index method, and the weight sum of each category is calculated. The weight sum is input into naive Bayes algorithm to output the text classification results of power user’s requirements. At the same time, The naive Bayes classification algorithm is parallelized and encapsulated to reduce the cost of data movement and exchange in the classification process, and improve the operation efficiency of demand text classification of power user. The experimental results show that this method can accurately extract the feature words of power user’s requirements, effectively realize the automatic classification of power user’s requirements text, and have a more accurate classification effect. The average fitness value of the proposed method tends to be stable after more than 20 training times, and the number of network convergence steps is 7. When the ratio of energy function is about 0.4 and 0.6, the average IU value is the highest. When the required number of texts ranges from 500 to 1500, the delay time of text classification is 0.02 s, and the peak signal-to-noise ratio is more than 33, among which the highest peak signal-to-noise ratio is 42.52, and the normalization coefficient is 1.

SENTIMENT ANALYSIS ON REVIEWS OF WOMEN'S TOPS ON SHOPEE MARKETPLACE USING NAIVE BAYES ALGORITHM

Reviews of women's tops in the market are valuable information if processed properly. Merchants can conduct product review analysis to obtain information that can be used to evaluate products and services. Product review analysis activities are not enough just to see the number of stars, it is necessary to see the entire content of the review comments to be able to know the intent of the review. Sentiment analysis system is a system used to automatically analyze online product reviews to obtain information including sentiment information that is part of online reviews. The data is classified using Naive Bayes. The data collected were 1,000 product reviews of women's tops as samples. The purpose of this study is to determine the sentiment analysis of female top product reviews using the Naive Bayes algorithm. The stages of this research include data collection, labeling, pre-processing, sentiment classification, and evaluation. In the pre-processing stage there are 6 stages, namely Cleaning emoticons & symbols, Case folding, Word Normalizer, Tokenize, Stopword Removal and Stemming. TF-IDF (Term Frequency - Inverse Document Frequency) method is used for word weighting. The data will be classified into 3 (three) classes, namely negative, positive and neutral. The data will then be evaluated using accuracy parameter testing. The test results show an accuracy value of 89%, this result shows that the product reviews of women's tops are more positive.

ANALISIS SENTIMEN TANGGAPAN PELANGGAN INDIHOME DI PLATFORM SOSIAL MEDIA FACEBOOK DAN TWITTER MENGGUNAKAN SUPPORT VECTOR MESIN DAN PENDEKATAN KLASIFIKASI NAÏVE BAYES (STUDI KASUS: PT. TELKOM INDONESIA)

In the digital era, the internet has become an inseparable part of everyday life, including the ease of finding information and sharing opinions through social media such as Twitter and Facebook. On these two platforms, users can provide reviews about products, including IndiHome services. The large number of reviews on social media reflects the high level of feelings users have for the service. However, currently PT. Telkom Indonesia does not fully know the opinions and reviews of IndiHome customers on social media, both positive and negative. This study aims to improve understanding of the positive and negative opinions of customers towards IndiHome and to compare the effectiveness of the Support Vector Machine and Naive Bayes algorithms in sentiment analysis. Thus, PT. Telkom Indonesia can take the necessary steps to increase public trust in IndiHome and evaluate the performance of the classification results using the Support Vector Machine and Naïve Bayes methods. The data used in this study amounted to 5000 data, but after the data preparation stage, the remaining 2000 data. From the data that has gone through the preparation stage, there are 638 data with positive sentiment and 1341 data with negative sentiment. The test results on the Support Vector Machine model achieve an accuracy of 91%, while the Naive Bayes model achieves an accuracy of 85%.

SMART DOCUMENT CLASSIFICATION

Smart document classification using Naive Bayes is a method used for organizing large volumes of unstructured data into categories or classes. This method uses the Naive Bayes algorithm's probabilistic approach to determine the likelihood that a text falls into a specific category based on the frequency of its words. A machine learning approach called Naive Bayes is used to forecast the likelihood of a particular category depending on the characteristics of the document. For text classification applications including spam filtering, sentiment analysis, and topic modeling, this method has been frequently employed. In this method, the algorithm is trained on a labeled dataset, which contains a set of documents and their corresponding categories The algorithm can be used to categorize fresh documents into the appropriate categories after it has been trained. The standard and applicability of the features used to represent the documents will determine how accurate the classification is. The Naive Bayes classifier is a popular option for smart document categorization since it is simple to use and needs little training data to attain high accuracy. Overall, automatic document classification using naive Bayes is an effective and efficient approach for organizing and managing large volumes of textual data. Key Words: classification, Naïve Bayes, machine learning, textual data

A classification and extraction method of attribute hybrid big data based on Naive Bayes algorithm

In the identification of network text information, the existing technology is difficult to accurately extract and classify text information with high propagation speed and high update speed. In order to solve this problem, the research combines the Naive Bayes algorithm with the feature two-dimensional information gain weighting method, uses the feature weighting method to optimize the Naive Bayes algorithm, and calculates the dimension of different documents and data categories through a new feature operation method. The data gain between them can improve its classification performance, and the classification models are compared and analyzed in the actual Chinese and English databases. The research results show that the classification accuracy rates of the IGDC-DWNB model in the Sogou database, 20-newsgroup database, Fudan database and Ruster21578 database are 0.89, 0.89, 0.93, and 0.88, respectively, which are higher than other classification models in the same environment. It can be seen that the model designed in the research has higher classification accuracy, stronger overall performance, and stronger reliability and robustness in practical applications, which can provide a new development idea for big data classification technology.

Analysis of Factors Affecting Common Use of Generative Artificial Intelligence-Based Tools by Machine Learning Methods

Artificial Intelligence is a sub-branch of artificial intelligence used to produce new data or content. These methods can create recent examples in different categorical fields such as natural language processing, image processing, music, and video creation by using models from learning clusters with artificial intelligence (AI) tools in this field. AI tools that can solve real-world problems are also created using different methods apart from generative AI methods. With generative-based artificial intelligence tools, it can facilitate people's work in jobs that require creativity. However, they can offer the opportunity to build advanced models that learn from data with other artificial intelligence methods. In the study, the public dataset has been used. This dataset includes trending artificial intelligence tools, AI methods, and user scores. In this study the working area and user trend of the ai tools in the dataset and the effect of generative AI methods on the development of the tool are discussed. Random Forest and Naive Bayes algorithms from classification methods have been used to measure the impact and estimation. Several AI tools help solve real-life problems. Identifying what type of category is needed for AI tools and method selection are interlinked, and the research provides an overview of this connection.

Machine Learning for Heart Disease Prediction a Comparison Analysis

Predicting cardiac conditions remains one of the most formidable tasks within the medical field today, with heart disease claiming a life every minute in the contemporary landscape. The data-rich healthcare industry necessitates the application of data science for efficient data processing. Given the intricate nature of prognosticating heart-related disorders, the automation of this process becomes a necessity, aiming to mitigate potential risks and offer timely alerts to patients. In this research endeavor, the heart disease dataset extracted from the UCI machine learning repository is employed. The proposed study embraces an array of data mining strategies, encompassing Logistic Regression, Decision Tree, Support Vector Machine (SVM), and Naive Bayes algorithm, to anticipate the likelihood of Heart Disease and stratify patient risk levels. This article undertakes a comparative analysis of various machine learning algorithms to assess their effectiveness. The trial outcomes indicate that, compared to other utilized ML algorithms, Support Vector Machine (SVM) emerges with the highest accuracy, registering at 90.48%.

KOMPARASI ALGORITMA NAIVE BAYES DAN K-NEAREST NEIGHBOR PADA ANALISIS SENTIMEN TERHADAP ULASAN PENGGUNA APLIKASI TOKOPEDIA

Tokopedia is one of the leading e-commerce platforms in Indonesia. The use of e-commerce platforms has increased rapidly in recent years. This is due to technological advances, increased internet access, and consumer behavior that prefers to shop online. In today's digital era, user reviews have an increasingly important role in shaping consumer perceptions of a product or service. The purpose of this research is to conduct sentiment analysis on application performance based on user reviews of the Tokopedia application. Researchers made the decision to use sentiment analysis because it is the most suitable method for processing data sets. From 1019 Tokopedia user reviews on the Play Store that were collected, 176 positive reviews and 843 negative reviews were obtained. Then, the data is classified using the Naive Bayes and K-Nearest Neighbor algorithms, then optimized using Particle Swarm Optimization. The results of the research conducted obtained an accuracy of 76.30% for the Naive Bayes accuracy value without feature selection, 74.09% for Naive Bayes results using feature selection. Then the accuracy value obtained for K-Nearest Neighbor without feature selection is 83.10%, and with feature selection is 83.53%. From the results obtained, the effect of using Particle Swarm Optimization selection features on the two algorithms does not have a big impact, there is an insignificant change in accuracy and AUC values which in the Naïve Bayes algorithm actually decreases

Classification of Hearing Loss Degrees with Naive Bayes Algorithm

According to the World Health Organization (WHO), hearing loss is one of the fourth leading causes of disability. The number of people with hearing loss continues to increase yearly. This increase occurred due to delays in recognizing hearing loss, leading to delays in providing treatment. To solve this problem, one solution to deal with this is early identification to detect the degree of hearing loss. This research will use machine learning to classify the degree of hearing loss. The algorithm implemented in this study is naive Bayes. This study uses a data set from the Zenodo open access repository with 3105 raw data and 19 features. This study evaluates the performance of overall accuracy, precision, recall, and f1-score and classified four classes: mild, moderate, moderately severe, and severe. The methodology classification stages in this study include data preprocessing, data training, data testing, and evaluation. From evaluating the performance of the Naive Bayes algorithm, the classification results obtained the highest impacts in the form of 94% overall accuracy, 100% precision, 100% recall and 97% f1-score in classifying the degree of hearing loss.

Comparison of Naive Bayes and PSO-Based Naive Bayes Algorithms for Prediction of Covid-19 Patient Recovery Data in Indonesia

A brand new disease known as COVID 19 was identified in 2019 but has yet to infect humans (World Health Organization, 2019). This group of viruses can infect mammals, including humans and birds, and cause sickness. People commonly contract coronaviruses from the flu and other minor respiratory diseases, but they can also spread serious diseases such as SARS, MERS, and the deadly COVID-19. Therefore, to avoid further casualties, this number must be decreased. It is crucial to understand the variables that can truly reduce the danger of death and gauge the propensity for recovery in Covid-19 patients. Several techniques in data mining can be used to forecast patient recovery rates depending on various characteristics. The criteria of this study included gender, age, province, and status. The Naive Bayes (NB) and Pso-based Naive Bayes algorithms are compared in this study using patient data sets to determine whether the strategy is more accurate. The findings of this study reveal that the NB method has a 94.07% accuracy rate, a precision value of 14%, a recall value of 1% and an AUC value of 0.613, according to the study data. The accuracy rate of the Naive Bayes based on PSO is 95.56%, the precision is 25%, the recall is 1%, and the AUC is 0.540.

OPTIMASI NAIVE BAYES BERBASIS PSO UNTUK ANALISA SENTIMEN PERKEMBANGAN ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE DI TWITTER

At present the development of Artificial Intelligence technology is progressing rapidly. There are many new artificial intelligence technologies available in various fields. Artificial Intelligence is an artificial intelligence program that can study data, perform processes of thinking and acting like humans. The presence of Artificial Intelligence technology has many positive impacts, especially in increasing work effectiveness and efficiency. However, AI is also a threat to human resources because slowly human work is being replaced by Artificial Intelligence. Various opinions about the development of Artificial Intelligence are widely discussed on social media such as Twitter. Sentiment analysis is a computational study to automatically categorize opinions into positive or negative categories. In this study, the Naive Bayes algorithm was used to analyze sentiment or public opinion regarding the development of Artificial Intelligence for Twitter users. The data collection method used is crawling data on Twitter. The results of the sentiment classification test for the development of Artificial Intelligence using Naive Bayes yield an accuracy value of 86.42%. Meanwhile, the results of the sentiment classification test using Naive Bayes based on Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) increased with an accuracy value of 87.55%. Based on the results of this study, the use of PSO as an optimization technique for the Naive Bayes algorithm is proven to be the best algorithm model in sentiment analysis for the development of Artificial Intelligence for English text.

SENTIMEN ANALISIS CHATGPT DENGAN ALGORITMA NAÏVE BAYES DAN OPTIMASI PSO

Abstract— ChatGPT which is an OpenAI technology that responds to conversations between humans and machines. enabling users of all ages and backgrounds to communicate naturally in multiple languages ​​without having prior knowledge or experience in programming or the computer world. However, a technology will always be at odds and has flaws on the human side, various assumptions about chatGPT are formed from many sides, such as in the world of education, chatGPT creates parallels for teachers and lecturers. When giving assignments, students/students can use chatGPT as material in answering assignments from teachers/lecturers. And that results in students/students not carefully reading the answers to these assignments, if that continues to happen, students/students will find it too easy to get something and then will lose interest in solving problems with their own efforts. This article aims to analyze sentiment analysis whose data is taken from Twitter using the keyword "CahtGPT OpenAI". With 2,000 data calculated using the naive Bayes algorithm and optimized using PSO, it is found that sentiment analysis for chatGPT itself has an accuracy of 69.23% with a positive class of 0.503 and a negative of 0.497 and obtains an AUC curve value of 0.68 +/- 0.55..

Sentiment Analysis of Nanovest Investment Application Using Naive Bayes Algorithm

Various applications provide simple ways for individuals interested in investing in crypto assets or stocks - both domestic and international - to do so. One of the companies in this industry, Nanovest, has launched the Nanovest investment application. Since its release in 2022, numerous positive and negative responses have been on Google Play, the App Store, and Twitter. However, Nanovest faces two main problems regarding the use of its application. First, they often receive complaints submitted to the operational team, indicating dissatisfaction or problems faced by users. Second, Nanovest has never conducted formal research regarding user experience in using their application. This indicates a lack of understanding of the perspectives, needs and challenges faced by users. This study tries to find out how the public responds to the Nanovest application through a sentiment analysis. This study used tweet and review data from January 1, 2022, to February 17, 2023. The data underwent sentiment analysis, employing the Naïve Bayes algorithm, and were classified into positive and negative sentiments. The findings revealed that 96.07% of the sentiments expressed towards Nanovest were positive, while 22.11% were negative, with these percentages calculated based on the total number of sentiments detected in the data. To evaluate the model's performance, a 10-fold cross-validation approach was utilized alongside the Naïve Bayes algorithm, resulting in an impressive accuracy rate of 94.8391%. This positive sentiment suggests that users are highly favorable towards the crypto assets and global stock investment services offered by the Nanovest application. Nevertheless, 3.93% of users still expressed dissatisfaction with the app due to some flaws that existed when Nanovest was initially launched. Based on the results that have been obtained and analyzed for the development team, it is recommended to make three improvements, namely reducing application size to minimize memory usage, increasing overall application performance, and increasing access speed across all features to allow application users to access more efficiently. It is recommended for the product team and stakeholders to consider developing the Candlestick chart feature into the application. This also increases the competitiveness of the Nanovest application against other applications.

Analisis Sentimen Komentar Netizen Terhadap Pembubaran Konser NCT 127 Menggunakan Metode Naive Bayes

The present rate of technological advancement has resulted in the rapid spread of information, which is easily available through social media platforms such as Twitter. Users of Twitter can send and read content in the form of text or videos using the facilities that Twitter itself offers. Numerous Twitter users have commented on the NCT 127 concert's recent dissolution, which has drawn both supportive and critical remarks. A dataset of 2451 tweets was created by gathering information from Twitter using the keyword "nct" between November 4 and November 6, 2022. The data was subsequently cleaned, yielding a total of 2451 useable data points. Labeling and the Naive Bayes algorithm were then applied to the data. The goal of this study was to count the number of favorable and unfavorable tweets and evaluate how well the Naive Bayes algorithm was applied. According to the trials done, there were 559 favorable remarks and 1,892 negative ones. The accuracy of the evaluation tests was 82.01%. Additionally, the analysis of negative sentiment produced a f1-score of 79.21%, a recall of 68.52%, and precision of 93.84%. Contrarily, the evaluation of positive attitude produced a f1-score of 84.15%, a recall of 95.50%, and a precision of 75.21%. The Naive Bayes method, it may be inferred, can categorize and process with a very consistent accuracy that approaches near-perfect outcomes.

Comparison of KNN, naive bayes, and decision tree methods in predicting the accuracy of classification of immunotherapy dataset

Health is crucial for humans to carry out daily activities, and cancer is the second leading cause of death worldwide. Maintaining health is essential in minimizing factors associated with cancer. Immunotherapy is a new cancer treatment technique that has s shown a bigger success rate compared with conventional techniques. However, the effectiveness of this method depends on accurate diagnosis, which requires deeper analysis and research on classification methods. This study compares the accuracy of KNN, Naive Bayes, and Decision Tree classification methods in predicting the accuracy of immunotherapy treatment. The goal is to find the most effective classification techniques that can provide more accurate predictive results in treating diseases using immunotherapy. Based on the test results of Naive Bayes, Decision Tree, and K-Nearest Neighbor, the result obtained of accuracy rates are 81.11%, 80.00%, and 74.44%. From the accuracy comparison, it is known that the Naive Bayes algorithm is the most effective algorithm with the highest accuracy value of 81.11%.

Insecticide Monitoring in Cattle Dip with an E-Nose System and Room Temperature Screen-Printed ZnO Gas Sensors

Taktic, an Amitraz-based insecticide, is commonly used in sub-Saharan Africa to treat cattle for ticks. Due to misuse in rural dipping pools, some ticks are showing resistance to Taktic. This work presents a low-cost e-nose with commercial sensors to monitor Taktic levels in dipping pool water. The device shows distinctly different measurements for the odours of air, distilled water, farm water, and four levels of Taktic insecticide in farm water. A naive Bayes algorithm with a Gaussian distribution is trained on the data and a validation set achieves a 96.5% accuracy. This work also compares two sol-gel ZnO nanoparticle solutions with an off-the-shelf ZnO nanoparticle ink for use as active material in chemiresistive gas sensors to be employed in an e-nose array. The ZnO solutions are screen-printed onto gold electrodes, auto-sintered with a built in heater, and used with UV illumination to operate as low-power, room temperature gas sensors. All of the screen-printed ZnO sensors show distinct changes in resistance when exposed to Taktic vapours under room temperature and humidity conditions. The custom room temperature ZnO gas sensors fabricated via facile and low-cost processes are suitable for future integration in a point-of-need microsystem for the detection of Taktic in water.

IMPLEMENTASI METODE TF-IDF DAN ALGORITMA NAIVE BAYES DALAM APLIKASI DIABETIC BERBASIS ANDROID

Diabetes is a serious disease that occurs when the pancreas does not produce enough insulin as a hormone that regulates blood sugar in the body. This disease also has an impact on health. This research builds an Android-based application called Diabetic to help classify and provide information related to diabetes and analyze the performance of the Term Frequency Inverse Document Frequency method and the Naive Bayes algorithm. The Term Frequency Inverse Document Frequency method is a technique for calculating the presence of words in a collection of documents by creating document vectors. The Naive Bayes algorithm is an algorithm that uses probability to solve a classification case. This algorithm has an efficient and fast calculation. Based on this research, it is known that the Naive Bayes Algorithm produces an accuracy of 66% by taking a computation time of 39 seconds with a memory consumption of 80 to 351 mb.

Komparasi Algoritma Naïve Bayes Dan Support Vector Machine (SVM) Untuk Klasifikasi Kelayakan Pemberian Pinjaman

Cooperatives are social organizations or economic bodies that have a very important role in the growth, development of economic potential and community success. One of the cooperative activities is the provision of credit or loans to community members. Cooperative credit is one of the most important banking activities and serves to provide credit to the community. In practice, errors often arise due to inaccurate credit analysis, or the behavior of the customers themselves. The purpose of this research is to compare the accuracy results between the Naive Bayes algorithm and Support Vector Machine (SVM), where the best accuracy results can later be used as a reference to determine the profitability of lending. The attributes used in this study consist of 11 attributes, namely: Gender, marital status, occupation, relatives, nominal income, income criteria, loan amount, loan term, interest rate, installments and class as income characteristics. The dataset used in this study includes 166 members of the Daru Nahdla Capita Shari'ah cooperative. The results of testing the naive bayes algorithm after dividing the data five times, dividing the data set 70% as test data and 30% as training data, obtained a precision value of 97.00%, recall 100.00%, F1 score 99.00%. and accuracy 98.00%. Thus, the Naive Bayesian algorithm is an algorithm that shows accurate classification and prediction