Nainital District Of Uttarakhand Research Articles

Socio-economic Characteristics of Homegardens in Bhimtal block of Nainital District, Uttarakhand, India

In the present investigation was carried out to access the socio-economic characteristics of homegardens in Bhimtal block of Nainital district of Uttarakhand during 2014–15. The result show that the maximum number of respondents 34 (51.51%) were middle aged followed by 20 (30.30%) of respondents were in young age category and 12 (18.18%) respondents were in old age. The data showed that maximum number of respondents, 25 (37.87%) had education up to 12* followed by illiterate 17 (25.75%) followed by higher education above 12th respondent 14 (21.21%), whereas 10 (15.15%) had education up to 8th level. It was observed that maximum number of household families 26 (39.39%) belonged to farming which was the primary source of income followed by 22 (33.33%) belonged to service class followed by 13 (19.69%) families that were dependent in the business for their livelihood, followed by wage labourers 5 (7.57%) families. It was found that maximum number of land households 32 (48.48%) were marginal land followed by small landholding households 20 (30.30%), followed by large land holding 14 (21.21%). Almost 50% of the rural households in the hills were headed by women as the men folk migrated to augment the farm income. Data regarding awareness of the forestry programmes among the farmers revealed that majority of the farmers 49 (74.24%) were not aware of the forestry programmes and small number of farmers 17 (25.75%) were aware. About 90% of the total cultivated area is rainfed and irrigated area is only 10 per cent.

Impact analysis of joint forest management programme on rural household income in Uttarakhand

Joint Forest Management (JFM) is operating with main objective of forest management and empowerment of local livelihoods. The present study was carried out in Nainital district of Uttarakhand. An investigation run for two years and beneficiaries were categorized into two income groups (low and high). The annual family income was estimated for both the periods. The share of each source of income in annual family income was computed and compared. The JFM comprised second largest source of income with 25.48 percent share in annual family income after implementation of JFM programme and hence, it needs to be strengthened.

Study of Aquatic Resources and Concerned Livelihood of Nainital

Nainital is one of the most famous tourist destinies of Uttrakhand. It is well known as the Lake District of Uttarakhand as a large number of lakes in the area are found. The study is focused in the Nainital lake system in Nainital district of Uttarakhand, India. Naini Lake is the most important water body in Nainital in terms of both environment and tourist attraction. It is also a recipient of storm water for large catchments. The two lakes: Nainital, and Bhimtal lake are polluted due to urbanization and tourism activities examine and assess diversity of natural resources i.e. how varied or scarce are the various species of animals and plants (Flora and Fauna) found in the lake. On the basis of our study, we conclude that the local people are getting a plenty of earnings for their betterment but there is just need of an attention to protect natural resources in Nainital.

Leveraging Information and Communication Technology Infrastructure of Dairy Cooperative Network: Anex-anteAnalysis of Potential Institutional Innovation

The penetration of information and communication technology (ICT) is low in the rural areas due to several infrastructural bottlenecks. In this context, the institution of dairy cooperatives — with its ICT framework in the form of supplier-related data base — has enormous potential in bridging the information gap. Scant research attention has been given on ascertaining potential feasibility of launching information dissemination module by leveraging the ICT infrastructure of the dairy cooperative network. This study has attempted to bridge this information gap. It is based on the information gathered through structured interviews from a sample of 80 farming households, equitably distributed in Haldwani (plains) and Bhimtal (hills) blocks of Nainital district of Uttarakhand. In the sample, 44 were dairy cooperative society members and the remaining 36 were non-members for control. The study has revealed that that television and mobile phones are the principal ICT tools used in the study area. The major constraints to information accessibility have been identified as ‘respondents’ capacity related constraint in using modern ICT tools’, ‘network and mobile use related constraints’ and ‘accessibility to ICT services constraints’, and these were common in both plains and hills. The contingent valuation exercise has shown that there is scope for fee-based delivery of information via internet. It thus becomes important that the potential offered by the ICT infrastructure of the dairy cooperative network in the country be adequately exploited.

A spatial scan statistic for survival data based on Weibull distribution

The spatial scan statistic has been developed as a geographical cluster detection analysis tool for different types of data sets such as Bernoulli, Poisson, ordinal, normal and exponential. We propose a scan statistic for survival data based on Weibull distribution. It may also be used for other survival distributions, such as exponential, gamma, and log normal. The proposed method is applied on the survival data of tuberculosis patients for the years 2004-2005 in Nainital district of Uttarakhand, India. Simulation studies reveal that the proposed method performs well for different survival distribution functions.

Avian diversity and its association with vegetation structure in different elevational zones of Nainital district (Western Himalayan) of Uttarakhand

Avian diversity was studied in the Nainital district of Uttarakhand, India at different elevations. A total of 174 bird species belonging to 38 families were identified along with the elevational zone of forest habitats. We sampled in different elevational forest habitats to understand the vegetation structure and its effect on avian community. Field studies were conducted during January 2006 to January 2008. Results illustrate that bird community value in terms of species richness (7.74) and species diversity (3.68) was higher at mid elevation (1450 to 1700 m asl). Avian species diversity and richness were positively correlated (r = 0.21, 0.78, 0.22, 0.95, 47, 92, 0.95 and 0.83) with the plant species diversity (BSD versus PSD, r = 0.95 and BSR versus PSD, r = 0.83) and foliage height diversity (BSR versus FHD, r = 0.78 and BSR versus FHD, r = 0.92). It is suggested that vegetation structure of the habitat seems to be one of the key features which influence the avian species at local level. Key words: Avian diversity, vegetation association, elevation zone, Nainital district, bird species diversity.

Carbon sequestration potential of selected plantation interventions in Nainital district of Uttarakhand

Selected afforestation and reforestation interventions have been studied in the Nainital district of Uttarakhand with the objectives to assess their carbon sequestration potential, and cost-effectiveness exclusive and inclusive of carbon benefits. The excel spreadsheet model “Project Based Comprehensive Mitigation Assessment Process” was employed to workout the annual incremental carbon sequestration, cost effectiveness indicators and likely benefits under different carbon price scenarios for each selected afforestation and reforestation intervention. The results have shown a wide range of sequestration potential, which varied from 0.19 tC/ha/yr in case of Plum block plantation to 4.81 tC/ha/yr for Pine block plantation, calculated for the assessment period 2008-38. The plantation interventions involving horticulture species demonstrated much lower carbon sequestration potential as compared to long rotation tree species, such as Oak and Pine. Among the selected plantation interventions Pine block, Mixed species block and Oak-Pine-mixed species block were observed to be associated with maximum carbon benefits, viz., Rs. 4060/ha/yr, Rs. 3370/ha/yr and Rs. 3112/ha/yr respectively. The study has demonstrated that plantation interventions involving long rotation tree species associated with recurring non-carbon benefits are more likely to succeed as afforestation and reforestation CDM project interventions compared to the horticulture species, associated with slower woody growth and limited carbon benefits.

Status of sequestered organic carbon in the soils under different land covers in Nainital district of Uttarakhand

Researcher has estimated soil organic carbon simply as one of the soil attributes depending upon their objectives of the study. To calculated SOC pool from this data, one has to use some assumptions which lead to uncertainties. Therefore, this study was conducted to estimate Soil organic carbon pool in forests as well as in other land uses in Nainital district as per the methodology of IPCC. Maximum SOC pool was estimated in the soils under Deodar forest (147.12 t ha-1) followed by Quercus (127.07 t ha-1), Chir (70.98 t ha-1), Miscellaneous (50.90 t ha-1) and the least was under Sal (42.25 t ha-1). In plantation land use, maximum SOC pool was estimated in the soils under Cypress (67.77 t ha-1), followed by Teak (46.01 t ha-1), Eucalyptus (45.91 t ha-1) and the least was under Chir plantation (44.86 t ha-1). Under Horticulture land use in Nainital district, maximum SOC pool was observed under Apple orchards (82.50 t ha-1), followed by Citrus (54.97 t ha-1), Mango (53.65 t ha-1), Litchi (39.63 t ha-1), and the least was under Guava (26.98 t ha-1). Under grass land of Nainital district, SOC pool was estimated 41.16 t ha-1. SOC pool under Deodar and Quercus were significantly different from the SOC pool under Miscellaneous, Sal, and Chir. SOC pool under Chir was statistically significant different from the SOC pool of Sal. SOC pools between the different orchards were significantly different at 0.05 level. SOC pool in the soils under forests was statistically significantly different with the SOC pool under horticulture, plantations and grasslands.

Rare nasal tumours in kumaon region of uttarakhand: a clinical observation.

To review the cases of nasal mass in the Kumaon region of Uttarakhand and observe the incidence of rare nasal tumours and their atypical presentation. A prospective study conducted at ENT dept of STMF Hospital & U.F.H.T medical college at Haldwani in the Nainital district of Uttarakhand. This state has approx.ninty lacs of population out of which 50 %resides in Kumaon region. hence this should be taken as a sample study and considering the topographical condition of this region this is the only one medical college where facilities like CT Scan and MRI are available so most of the patients of this region are referred to this medical college. Cases were selected from the patients attending ENT OPD with nasal mass during the period of August 2005-Sep 2008. History and physical examination were done according to a proforma. All patients were routinely investigated. CT Scan of nose and PNS were done in each case. Biopsy along with immunohistochemistry (if required) were done in each case. Out of 160,136 patients attending the ENT OPD of the hospital during the period of August 2005-September 2008, of which total 200 (0.1241)% patients presenting with nasal mass were included in the study. Age of the patient ranged from 5 to 70years. Maximum patients were seen in the age group of 31-40 (37%) The most common symptom was nasal blockage (97.5%). The most common tumour was squamous papilloma (90%). Here we are describing the presentation and abnormal features of some of the rare nasal tumours, which comprised only 4.5% (9 cases) of the 200 patients of nasal mass seen during the period. In the Kumaon region of Uttarakhand patients with tumours of nose and paranasal sinuses usually present late to the clinician due to poverty and ignorance. Their presentation was variable and many times disease was highly advanced. If proper diagnostic facilities are available in the region, timely intervention can be done and maximum benefit can be extended to the patient.