Concentration Of Na2SiO3 Research Articles

Effects of delay time and curing temperature on compressive strength and porosity of ground bottom ash geopolymer mortar

This research investigated development of ground bottom ash (GBA) for a new geopolymer material. The compressive strength and porosity of the geopolymer mortar containing GBA were tested. The GBA-based geopolymer mortar mixtures were designed by control liquid to GBA ratio for all tests. Extra water was also used to maintain the workability of geopolymer mortar. The sodium hydroxide (NaOH) concentrations of 10 M and 15 M were used. Furthermore, sodium silicate (Na2SiO3) to sodium hydroxide (NaOH) ratios by mass such as 0.50, 1.50 and 2.50 were also used as alkali activator solutions. Effects of delay time and no-delay time, heat curing as well as the concentrations of NaOH and Na2SiO3 to NaOH ratios on compressive strength and porosity of the GBA geopolymer mortar were investigated. It was found that the increasing of NaOH concentration and Na2SiO3 to NaOH ratio reduce the workability of GBA geopolymer mortar. The high concentration of NaOH at 15 Molar gave the compressive strength at 1 day higher than that of GBA geopolymer mortar with low NaOH of 10 M. Furthermore, the GBA geopolymer mortar with high Na2SiO3 to NaOH ratio at 2.5 gave the highest compressive strength. 15 M-2.5 Si/Na mortar with delay time before heat curing at 75℃ gave the highest compressive strength of 23.0 MPa at 1 day. Moreover, the porosity of GBA geopolymer mortar was related to its compressive strength. The GBA binder is a new geopolymer material with good properties for concrete work.

Influence of the activating solution on the mechanical properties of compacted volcanic ash based geopolymers

This work studies the mechanical properties of volcanic ash based geopolymer mortars. The geopolymer mortars were made with volcanic ashes from Ubinas volcano using mixtures of Na2SiO3 and 12 M NaOH as alkaline activator. Solutions with different concentrations of silicate (0-25 % by wt.) were used. The geopolymer mortars were compacted at 15 MPa and cured at 80°C for three different periods of time. The results show the influence of the concentration of Na2SiO3 in the compression strength and wear resistance, raising highest compression strengths for 20-25% of Na2SiO3 while the wear resistance was higher at concentrations over 20% of Na2SiO3. In this optimal ratio, for 20% Na2SiO3, a compression strength up to 52.3 MPa was recorded at 7 days. Considering the overall performance analysis, the synthesis of geopolymers with volcanic ash promises a solution for sustainable mortar production and natural waste disposal.

Compressive Strength and Microstructural of Palm Oil Fuel Ash-Fly Ash Based Geopolymer Mortar

The infrastructure develops very rapidly, along with the increase of market demand for cement, but there is a problem of cement production. Cement production can produce hazardous wastes of CO2. CO2 can cause greenhouse effect. The amount of CO2 produced by cement production is equal to the amount of cement produced. To overcome these problems, it needed to look for alternative materials for cement substitution. Geopolymer is an alternative material that can be a replacement or substitution for cement. Geopolymer can reduce CO2 wastes generated by cement production and also can reduce industrial generated waste such as fly ash and palm oil fuel ash. In the manufacturing of geopolymer, this study used fly ash and palm oil fuel ash acting as precursor and also Na2SiO3 and NaOH as activator solution. This study aimed to examine the effects of the ratio of alkali activator in this case is Na2SiO3 and NaOH to microstructure of geopolymer mortar with fly ash and palm oil fuel ash precursor. This study used a variation of 75%:25%, 50%:50%, 25%:75% precursor compositions and variation of alkali activator ratios of 1.5, 2.0, and 2.5. This study used the concentration of NaOH of 14 M. The results showed that along with the increase in concentration of Na2SiO3 and NaOH, the structure seen on the mortar becomes denser and the greater fly ash content in the mortar precursor mixture the structure also become denser.

Effect of Sodium Silicate Concentration on Morphology of Ceramic Coatings Produced on Commercially Pure Aluminum Using Plasma Electrolytic Oxidation

Microstructure of ceramic coatings formed on commercially pure aluminum by plasma electrolytic oxidation using different amounts of sodium silicate was studied. Analysis of chemical composition and microhardness measurements of the coatings were carried out to characterize the morphology of the coatings. The addition of sodium silicate (1–3 g/L) increased the thickness about 8 orders of magnitude and promotes the growth of the coatings. Chemical analysis of the coatings showed that with increasing sodium silicate concentration in the electrolyte from 1 to 3 g/L, the amount of manganese in the coatings was reduced ∼12%. The contribution of aluminum and silicon changed with a reciprocal relationship. When the concentration of Na2SiO3 changed from 1 to 2 g/L, the aluminium content was reduced about 26% and silicon increased about 80%. When the concentration of Na2SiO3 changed from 2 to 3 g/L, the aluminium content increased about 38% and the concentration of silicon reduced about 60%. The microhardness of the coatings was increased about 2 orders of magnitude by increasing the concentration of sodium silicate from 1 to 3 g/L.

Beneficial Effects of Silicon (Si) on Sea Barley (Hordeum marinum Huds.) under Salt Stress

Silicon (Si) plays an important role in providing beneficial effects on plant growth and yield, especially under stressful environments such as salinity. The objective of this work is to study the effects of a fertilizer based on silicon (Na2SiO3 synthesized from Tunisian silica sand) on sea barley (Hordeum marinum Huds.) under salt stress. Due to its forage potentialities, this species presents a very interesting capacity for the rehabilitation of non-productive marginal areas. Forty-two-day-old H. marinum plants were exposed to three concentrations of Na2SiO3 (0, 1, or 2 mM) in the absence or presence of salt (0 or 150 mM NaCl). The examination of the growth parameters, water status, lipid peroxidation, photosynthetic gas exchange, photosynthetic pigment contents, and chlorophyll fluorescence proved that silicon is a great interest support for the remediation of the deleterious effects of salt stress. Therefore, our fertilizer can be considered as an effective solution to cope with salt stress and promote the development of marginal lands. Taking into consideration its high efficiency and its low production cost, this product can compete with other fertilizers.

Effect of electrolyte concentration on the tribological performance of MAO coatings on aluminum alloys

Micro-arc oxidation (MAO) is an efficient approach to improve the hardness, wear resistance, and other properties of aluminum alloys. In order to investigate the effect of the electrolyte concentration on the properties of MAO coatings for LY12 alloy, the voltage variation during the MAO process was recorded. The surface morphologies and phase compositions of the coatings produced with different electrolytes were investigated using scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction, respectively. The roughness and thickness of the coatings were measured using a pocket roughness meter and an eddy-current thickness meter, respectively. The tribological performances of the coatings were investigated against GCr15 bearing steel on a ball-on-disc wear tester in open air. The results showed that with an increase in the Na2SiO3 content, the working voltage of the MAO process decreased, the roughness and thickness of the coatings increased significantly, and the relative content of the α-Al2O3 phase decreased. With an increase in the KOH content, the working voltage decreased slightly, the roughness and thickness of the coatings increased slightly, and the α-and γ-Al2O3 phase contents remained unchanged. The friction coefficient and wear rate of the coatings increased with an increase in the Na2SiO3 and KOH concentrations. A decrease in the porosity and roughness and an increase in the α-Al2O3 content of the coatings reduced their wear mass loss.

Preparation and Corrosion Resistance of Microarc Oxidation-Coated Biomedical Mg-Zn-Ca Alloy in the Silicon-Phosphorus-Mixed Electrolyte.

Microarc oxidation (MAO) coating was prepared on the surface of the biomedical Mg–3Zn–0.2Ca alloy in a phosphate electrolyte with varying concentrations of Na2SiO3. The morphology, cross section, chemical composition, and corrosion resistance of the coatings were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), X-ray diffraction (XRD), electrochemical polarization tests (EI), and in vitro immersion experiments. The addition of Na2SiO3 is performed to increase the thickness and compactness of the coating. When the Si/P atomic ratio is approximately equal to 1 (1.5 g/L Na2SiO3), the best corrosion resistance is achieved, while excessive addition may lead to coating defects such as voids and microcracks, resulting in decreased corrosion resistance. The competitive relationship between PO43– and SiO32– anions in the silicon–phosphorus microarc oxidation-mixed electrolyte is discussed. In this study, it was first proposed that, when Mg2SiO4 and Mg3 (PO4)2 phase contents were approximately the same, the synergistic improvement effect on coating corrosion resistance was the most effective.

Alleviating effect of silicon on melon seed germination under autotoxicity stress

Melon (Cucumis melo L.) is an important horticultural crop worldwide. Continuous cropping obstacle occurs in many melon cultivation area, resulting in poor plant growth and fruit quality, autotoxicity is the main reason for the obstacle. Silicon (Si) plays an important role in improving the resistance of plants to biotic and abiotic stresses. In this study, melon plant water extracts (MPWE) were used to simulate the autotoxicity stress. Different concentrations of Na2SiO3 (0, 1, 2, 4, 8, 16, 32 mM) were added into MPWE for preliminary concentration screening and alleviating effect determination of Si on melon seed autotoxicity. The results showed that autotoxicity reduced the seed germination index, inhibited the growth of germinated seeds. 2 mM Si significantly increased seed germination index and improved subsequent growth under autotoxicity. The effect of Si showed a concentration-dependent manner, which can be counteracted or even reversed at high concentration. Three treatment combinations, double distilled water, 0.02 g/mL MPWE and 2 mM Na2SiO3 + 0.02 g/mL MPWE were used for subsequent physiology, biochemistry and gene analysis. During the germination of melon seed under autotoxicity, starch degradation ability decreased, amylase activity and amylase gene expression were inhibited, cell membrane lipid peroxidation increased, and antioxidant enzyme activity was abnormal. In Si-addition group, the radicle growth, lateral roots number, starch degradation ability, amylase activity and amylase gene expression level increased. The addition of Si also maintained the activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase and peroxidase and the content of malondialdehyde in a relatively normal state. The change trend of amylase gene and antioxidant enzyme activity was complex, but the acute change coincided with the key stage of seed germination, which occurred when the seed was about to break through or just broken through the seed coat. Appropriate concentration of Si is an effective strategy to alleviate the autotoxicity on melon seed.

Evaluate Compressive Strength of Geopolymer by Using Different Fibers and Curing Conditions

Day by day conservatory emissions is increases on earth. In manufacture of Portland cement(PC), obliquely we are escalating the carbon dioxide in atmosphere by the invention of PC.. Industrial by-products such as fly ash(FA), ground granulated blast furnace slag(GGBS), rice husk, bagasse, etc. are mainly used in manufacturing industry because these resources contain good bonding assets, amplified stability and decreased the porosity. evaluate to PC these assets are inexpensively good. Auxiliary by means of these manufacturing by products we are eventually lessening the carbon dioxide. PC with the manufacturing by products such as FA, bagasse , GGBS, Rice Husk Ash, Metakaolin etc., In these materials GGBS, FA, bagasse are commonly used for bursting substitution of PC. match up to PC GGBS, FA, rice husk be as well offer privileged compressive strength results when activate by alkali with similar curing’s. This concrete is known as Geo polymer concrete(GPC). To prepare the GPC we require alkali solutions(AS) like NaOH and Na2SiO3. arrange the AS, by considering singular molarities of NaOH like 9M and 14M and singular concentrations of Na2SiO3 like 40%. get ready the AS of NaOH and Na2SiO3 discretely one hour before the mixing of GPC. dispose the cubes to find the mechanical properties such as compressive strength, and density of GPC. The specimens were tested after 28 days of special curing’s. To improve the properties of GPC, we are accumulation different fibers and go on it for 28 days of different curing conditions of GPC. finally we know the compressive strengths of different fibers and curing conditions of GPC

The correlation between the Na2SiO3·9H2O concentrations and the characteristics of plasma electrolytic oxidation ceramic coatings

Abstract Various plasma electrolytic oxidation (PEO) ceramic coatings were fabricated on aluminum in the electrolytes with different concentrations of Na2SiO3·9H2O. The morphology of fractured cross-section and coating/substrate (C/S) interface, phase compositions, and corrosion behavior of these ceramic coatings were characterized employing field emission scanning electron microscopy (SEM) equipped with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), X-ray diffractometer (XRD), potentiodynamic polarization and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) measurements. The results showed that adding Na2SiO3·9H2O in the electrolyte could reduce the decrease amplitude of the voltage-time curve, and it can affect the types of the anodic film before the beginning of plasma discharges. A novel phenomenon was recorded as PEO treatment was carried out in the electrolyte with 1.85 g l−1 Na2SiO3·9H2O that the substrate was first covered by a barrier-type anodic film, and then a porous-type anodic film appeared after the barrier-type anodic film was broken down. The anodic film continued to grow for a long duration in the PEO process after being broken down. Characteristics of PEO ceramic coatings with a similar thickness acquired in various electrolytes were also evaluated. XRD results indicated that these ceramic coatings of similar thickness were mainly composed of α-Al2O3 and γ-Al2O3, and the α-Al2O3 proportion decreased with increasing Na2SiO3·9H2O concentration. The electrochemical data showed that the corrosion resistance of these PEO ceramic coatings of similar thickness decreased by adding Na2SiO3·9H2O in the electrolyte.

Analysis of Aggregate Gradation to Improve The Characteristics of Geopolymer Based Asphalt Concrete

The previous study showed that asphalt concrete using filler geopolymer generate a higher value of stability. On the other hand, the value of flow and the porosity of the asphalt concrete were out of the specification range. This study examines the aggregate gradation analysis to improve the characteristics of mixed asphalt concrete geopolymer. The gradation of aggregate is variated into three following the available specification. The range of specification is then separated into three, those are aggregate gradation upper specifications, middle specification, and lower specification. Filler comes from geopolymer paste, composed of fly ash which is mixed with an activator. Activator is an 8 molar concentration of NaOH solution and Na₂SiO₃. The weight ratio of Na₂SiO₃ over the weight of NaOH solution was 1.5. Geopolymer paste waited until reached the age of 28 days, then pounded up to meet the requirement size of the sieve No. 200. The test of mixture characteristics was conducted to see the comparison of performance from different gradations. The test results showed that middle gradation generating characteristics of the mixture which is higher than upper gradation and lower gradation.

Combination of sodium dehydroacetate and sodium silicate reduces sour rot of citrus fruit

Sodium dehydroacetate (SD) and sodium silicate (Na2SiO3) are food preservatives with antifungal activities against many pathogens. In this paper, the antifungal activity of the combination treatment of SD and Na2SiO3 against Geotrichum citri-aurantii, the postharvest pathogen of sour rot in citrus fruit, was tested. SD and Na2SiO3 combination (1:4, w/w) showed a synergistic inhibitory effect compared to single compound on the mycelial growth of G. citri-aurantii, with the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum fungicidal concentration (MFC) being 1.8 and 3.6 g L−1, respectively. The spores’ germination and the plasma membrane integrity of the pathogen could also be visibly influenced by the 1× MFC SD + Na2SiO3 treatment. The application of various SD + Na2SiO3 concentrations (1×, 5×, and 10× MFC) to citrus fruit inoculated with G. citri-aurantii significantly (P < 0.05) decreased the incidence of sour rot during the entire storage period. After 8 d of storage, the disease incidences in SD + Na2SiO3 (10×, 5× or 1× MFC)-treated fruit were only 20%, 30%, 65%, respectively, in contrast to 100% of the control fruit. Meanwhile, SD + Na2SiO3 treatments maintained the fruit quality of citrus fruit. Results indicate that the combination of SD and Na2SiO3 is a promising approach in controlling the postharvest decay of citrus fruit.

Synergistic adsorptions of Na2CO3 and Na2SiO3 on calcium minerals revealed by spectroscopic and ab initio molecular dynamics studies.

The synergistic effects between sodium silicate (Na2SiO3) and sodium carbonate (Na2CO3) adsorbed on mineral surfaces are not yet understood, making it impossible to finely tune their respective amounts in various industrial processes. In order to unravel this phenomenon, diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopies were combined with ab initio molecular dynamics to investigate the adsorption of Na2SiO3 onto bare and carbonated fluorite (CaF2), an archetypal calcium mineral. Both experimental and theoretical results proved that Na2CO3 adsorbs onto CaF2 with a high affinity and forms a layer of Na2CO3 on the surface. Besides, at low Na2SiO3 concentration, silica mainly physisorbs in a monomeric protonated form, Si(OH)4, while at larger concentration, significant amounts of polymerised and deprotonated forms are identified. Prior surface carbonation induces an acid-base reaction on the surface, which results in the formation of the basic forms of the monomers and the dimers, i.e. SiO(OH)3 - and Si2O3(OH)4 2-, even at low coverage. Their adsorption is highly favoured compared to the acid forms, which explains the synergistic effects observed when Na2SiO3 is used after Na2CO3. The formation of the basic form on the bare surface is observed only by increasing the surface coverage to 100%. Hence, when Na2CO3 is used during a separation process, lower Na2SiO3 concentrations are needed to obtain the same effect as with lone Na2SiO3 in the separation process.

Influences of Na2SiO3 and EDTA-ZnNa2 concentration on properties of zinc-containing coatings on WE43 magnesium alloys

There exists great interest in the development of coatings that can simultaneously improve corrosion resistance and contain essential trace elements on biomedical magnesium alloys. In an alkaline solution composed of NaF, phytic acid (H12Phy), Na2SiO3 and EDTA-ZnNa2, it was demonstrated that zinc-containing coatings with improved corrosion resistance were successfully fabricated on WE43 magnesium alloys using a one-step micro-arc oxidation (MAO) procedure. The influences of Na2SiO3 and EDTA-ZnNa2 concentrations on MAO coating properties were systematically evaluated using SEM, EDS, XRD, XPS, scratch test and potentiodynamic polarization. These results demonstrate that MAO coatings containing 1.67 wt% Zn exhibit superior corrosion resistance. Na2SiO3 is one type of passive agent of magnesium alloys, and has been shown to be favorable for the formation of coatings as it enhances corrosion resistance by improving surface uniformity, coating thickness and adhesion to the substrate. Raised EDTA-ZnNa2 in the range of 1 to 3 g/L is found to increase zinc content in MAO coatings but decrease their corrosion resistance. As an acidic substance, EDTA-ZnNa2 is a corrosive agent of magnesium alloys and has shown to be harmful for the formation of MAO coatings. Additionally, the corrosion mechanism of MAO coatings was discussed by measuring electrochemical impedance spectroscopy as a function of immersion time.

Effect of Electrolyte Constituent on Morphology and Composition of the Microarc Oxidation Coating on Magnesium Alloy

Microarc oxidation (MAO) coating was prepared on the surface of AZ91D magnesium alloy in Na2SiO4-NaOH-C3H8O3 based electrolyte. The morphology and composition of the coating with different electrolyte constituent were analyzed by SEM and XRD. The result showed that the MAO coating was composed of loose layer and dense layer. The coating mainly comprised MgO, Mg2SiO4 and MgAl2O4. When the Na2SiO3 concentration was 20g/L, the pores of the coating were very uniform and the coating surface was smooth with homogeneous pore. The coating with addition of NaF to the electrolyte had the maximum thickness of 17~25μm.

Preparation and release characteristics of mesalazine loaded calcium pectin-silica gel beads based on callus cultures pectins for colon-targeted drug delivery

The aim of this work is to produce calcium pectin-silica gel beads containing mesalazine as a drug model in order to control the drug release in the colon. The mesalazine loaded calcium pectin-silica gel beads were prepared using the ionotropic gelation method. Energy-dispersive X-ray analysis revealed that increasing the Na2SiO3 concentration led to an increase of the silicon content on the surface and in the cross-sections of the beads. The addition of Na2SiO3 to the gel formulations made from the duckweed callus culture pectin led to a decrease in the swelling degree that appeared to be related to the higher gel strength of these beads. The beads made from pectins of campion and duckweed callus cultures with adding of 22.2 mg/ml of Na2SiO3 showed the lowest release of mesalazine in simulated gastric and intestinal fluids. An increase in the reaction time up to 60 min during incubation in the cross-linking solution of CaCl2 led to a slower release of drug from the beads. An elevated release of mesalazine was achieved in the simulated colonic fluid. Prepared calcium pectin-silica gel beads containing mesalazine as a drug model can be proposed for controlled drug release in the colon.

Electrochemical behavior of gold and its associated minerals in alkaline thiourea solutions

Electrochemical measurements were conducted to study the electrochemical behavior of gold (Au) and its commonly associated minerals in alkaline thiourea solutions. The results indicated that without addition of any stabilizer, selective dissolution of Au from stibnite and pyrite was only possible at relatively low thiourea concentrations. As Na2SiO3 was added, pyrite started to become active and an oxidation peak appeared; the oxidation peaks of arsenopyrite and chalcocite appeared earlier than that of Au. The chalcocite peak shifted in the positive direction and the peak current increased. Stibnite did not show an oxidation peak and its current was nearly zero. Adding Na2SiO3 favored the selective dissolution of Au when its minerals were associated with chalcocite and stibnite. At pH 12, the Au anode dissolution peak current increased with stabilizer concentration. At 0.38 and 0.42 V and for Na2SiO3 concentration below 0.09 M, the current density continuously increased with Na2SiO3 concentration. The Na2SiO3 concentration had to be adequate to stabilize thiourea. When the potential was higher than 0.42 V, the surface of the Au electrode started to passivate. With an additional increase in potential, the presence of Na2SiO3 could not stop the inevitable decomposition of thiourea.

Optimizing the electrolyte chemistry parameters of PEO coating on 6061 Al alloy by corrosion rate measurement: Response surface methodology

Different chemistry parameters of electrolyte, including KOH, Na2SiO3 and Al2O3 nano-particles concentrations were used to obtain the best coatings by plasma electrolyte oxidation (PEO). This work presents the formulation of a mathematical model based on chemistry parameters of electrolyte to predict the responses of corrosion behavior of PEO-coated 6061 Al alloy. In order to reach this goal, three compounds including KOH, Na2SiO3 and Al2O3 nano-particles in different concentration ranges were used and a response surface methodology was employed to develop the regression models. Analysis of variance was the method to determine the electrolyte chemistry that affects the responses. Approval trials were carried out to confirm these results. The results indicated that the lowest corrosion current density can be obtained at low concentrations (1–2 g/L) of KOH, high concentrations (5–6 g/L) of Na2SiO3, and moderate concentrations (2–4 g/L) of Al2O3 under the current conditions and process time employed in this particular study. Also, the study of microstructure and morphology of different coatings confirmed this electrolyte condition model. This condition led to an electrolyte with the best conductivity and oxidizing state, and highest contribution of electrolyte components in the coating growth process.

Nanoparticles synthesis by Agaricus soil basidiomycetes

We examined the effect of various concentrations of HAuCl4, AgNO3, Na2SeO3, Na2SiO3, and GeO2 on mycelial growth of the soil basidiomycetes Agaricus bisporus and A.arvensis in submerged and solid media. Fungal mycelial extracts and cell-free culture filtrates were able to reduce ions of Au, Ag, Se, Si, and Ge compounds, forming Au0, Ag0, Se0, Si0/SiO2 and Ge0/GeO2 nanoparticles. The physical characteristics of the mycogenic nanoparticles differed depending on the species of Agaricus and the type of extract. Au nanospheres obtained with cell-free culture filtrates were of 2-5nm diameter in A.bisporus and of 2-10nm in A.arvensis. Nanoparticles produced by extracts of mycelia were several times larger and highly heterogenous. Ag nanoparticles produced by cell-free culture filtrates were spherical or irregular-shaped and agglomerated, whereas with extracts of mycelia, small homogenous nanospheres of 1-10nm were formed. Se nanospheres obtained with cell-free culture filtrates were of 100-250nm diameter in A.bisporus and of 150-550nm diameter in A.arvensis. The particles synthesized with extracts of mycelia were of 40-140nm in A.bisporus and of 100-250nm in A.arvensis. Incubation of Na2SiO3 with cell-free culture filtrates resulted in porous Si nanoparticles of 30-65nm in A.bisporus and of 50-200nm in A.arvensis. Ge nanoparticles synthesized by both Agaricus species were mostly spheres of 50-250nm diameter.

A Novel Organic Conversion Coating based on N-Benzoyl-N-Phenylhydroxylamine Chemistry for the Corrosion Protection of AA2024-T3

This work demonstrates a novel organic conversion coating treatment on an AA2024-T3 substrate. The process is based on simple immersion in aqueous solutions containing an organic molecule, N-Benzoyl-N-phenylhydroxylamine (BPHA), after a hydrothermal oxide has been formed on the alloy surface. Potentiodynamic polarization results indicate that BPHA conversion coating outperforms coatings formed in the same concentration of other corrosion inhibitors, including NaVO3, Na2SiO3, CeCl3, and benzotriazole. BPHA coating also displays strong and persistent corrosion inhibition under ASTM B117 salt spray exposure conditions and static immersion testing. The cross-section of BPHA-coated substrate is prepared by focus ion beam-scanning (FIB), and analyzed by high angle annular dark field (HAADF) scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) coupled with energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), which show a thick surface film with a three-layer structure. Raman spectroscopy and XPS are used to examine the surface chemistry of BPHA-coated samples, both of which suggest the formation of a BPHA surface film, possibly stabilized by the keto-to-iminol conversion that made the BPHA molecule strongly nucleophilic. The formation of BPHA-metal oxide complex seems to be closely related to the excellent corrosion resistance of BPHA coating.