Na2SO4 Aqueous Solution Research Articles

Influence of salt contamination on consolidation of slaked lime mortar by ammonium phosphate and nanolimes

This study aimed at evaluating the influence of salt contamination on the performance of two consolidants (diammonium hydrogen phosphate, DAP, and nanolimes, NL), applied onto slaked lime-based mortars contaminated with sodium sulfate before and/or after consolidation. The strengthening ability of the two treatments was assessed in terms of dynamic elastic modulus and compressive strength by double punch test, while the alterations in the pore system were evaluated by MIP and the features of the new consolidating phases were assessed by XRD and FEG-SEM. To test the durability of the consolidated mortars, salt weathering cycles were performed by alternating immersion into a 14 wt% aqueous solution of Na2SO4·10H2O and drying in oven, as recommended by the European Standard EN 12370. The effects of the salt weathering cycles were assessed by measuring the changes in weight and dynamic elastic modulus after each cycle and the residual compressive strength after 10 cycles and desalination. The results of the study show that, right after the consolidant application, with or without salts initially present in the mortar, the strengthening ability of DAP was higher than that of NL. The DAP treatment induced formation of carbonate hydroxyapatite, as assessed by XRD, and notably the initial presence of salt inside the mortar pores did not negatively affect the outcome of the treatment. However, the formation of carbonate hydroxyapatite was responsible for a shift of the pore size distribution towards smaller pores, which may increase the stress generated by salt crystallization. When the consolidated mortar specimens were subjected to salt weathering cycles, both consolidants provided some benefit against salt weathering, but the high aggressiveness of the salt weathering test might have reduced the performance of the consolidants.

Effect of Graphite Exfoliation Way on the Efficiency of Exfoliated Graphene for the Determination of Hydroxychloroquine in Urine and Waste Water

Graphene oxide (GO) electrodeposited on graphite electrode has been used as a sensor for the detection of hydroxychloroquine (HCQ). It was synthesized via a simple and low-cost electrochemical approach by exfoliation of graphite pencil core in aqueous solution of Na2SO4 using a direct current (DC) and alternating current (AC), then electrodeposited at the graphite electrode surface by cyclic voltammetry. The electrochemical performance of the DC−GO and AC−GO toward HCQ oxidation was tested. Graphene oxide (GO) and reduced graphene oxide (rGO) were characterized by UV–vis absorption spectroscopy (UV–vis), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and X-ray powder diffraction (XRD). Cyclic voltammetry (CV) and differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) were used to study the HCQ oxidation mechanism as well as electron transfer and HCQ quantification at the modified electrode AC−rGO@CPE, respectively. Parameters, such as potential range, scan rate, and the number of segments (half cycle) in cyclic voltammetry were optimized for the electrodeposition of GO. The AC−rGO@CPE shows good sensitivity toward HCQ in the range from 4.0 × 10−7 to 4.0 × 10−6 mol l−1. The detection limit was calculated to be 3.2 × 10−8 mol l−1 with an RSD of 3.47%. Furthermore, the modified electrode was successfully used to detect HCQ in human urine and wastewater.

MOFs derived CdS/CdO heterojunction photoanode for high-efficient water splitting

Enabling the photogenerated electron-hole separation of visible light responsive photoanode is essential to the conversion and utilization of solar energy in the photoelectrochemical (PEC) water splitting. In this study, porous CdS/CdO-M heterojunction photoanodes on fluorine-doped tin oxide glasses were prepared by calcining the Cd-metal–organic framework (Cd-MOF) and loading the CdS via successive ionic layer adsorption and reaction method. The heterojunction and pores in these prepared photoanodes promoted the separation and transfer of photogenerated electron-hole in the PEC water splitting. The optimized photoanode (CdS/CdO-M−15) exhibited superior photoelectrochemical water splitting performance with a photocurrent density of 4.8 mA cm−2, which is 20, 6 and 1.5 times higher than that of CdO-M, CdS and CdS/CdO-C-15 (prepared by the commercial CdO). The applied bias photon-to-current conversion efficiency of CdS/CdO-M−15 was as highly as 4.5 % under simulated solar light of 100 mW cm−2 in 0.25 M Na2S + 0.35 M Na2SO3 aqueous solution. Moreover, CdS/CdO-M−15 was stable under continuous illumination, and its photocurrent density for it was well maintained after 1 h illumination.

Polyamide composite nanofiltration membrane modified by nanoporous TiO2 interlayer for enhanced water permeability

The traditional polyamide composite nanofiltration membrane has high selectivity. However, low water permeability is an important problem to be solved. Herein, the conventional polyamide composite nanofiltration (TFC) membrane was modified with nanoporous TiO2 (nTiO2) interlayer through vacuum-assisted strategy for enhanced water permeability. By tuning the nTiO2 nanoparticles loading, the nTiO2 modified TFC membrane with crumpled structure was fabricated. Besides, the thickness of polyamide layer was reduced due to the hydrophilicity and porosity of nTiO2. Because of the larger effective filtration area and thinner polyamide layer, the modified membrane had a permeability of 12.8 L m−2 h−1 bar−1 (increased by 20.8% than that of TFC membrane) and a rejection of 98.2% when filtering Na2SO4 aqueous solution. This work provided a solution for enhanced water permeability and extended the application of TiO2 in the modification of polyamide composite nanofiltration membrane.

A novel high-performance all-solid-state asymmetric supercapacitor based on CuSe nanoflakes wrapped on vertically aligned TiO2 nanoplates nanocomposite synthesized via a wet-chemical method

The advancement of electrode-active materials opens up new possibilities for future energy storage systems. Compositing is a possible technique for making high-performance supercapacitors that can enhance the disadvantages of one electrode material over another. This paper reports a novel nanocomposite based on CuSe-TiO2 for supercapacitors, thoroughly characterized for its morphological, structural, and spectroscopic techniques to ensure an in-depth understanding of the electrode material. The phase purity and crystal structure were confirmed from XRD, which shows the pure phase of the samples, while the SEM/TEM reflects the nanoflakes/vertical sheets morphology of CuSe and TiO2 in the composite. The oxidation states and surface chemistry were confirmed from the XPS spectrum, confirming Cu, Se, Ti, and O in the composite and supporting the XRD results. The electrochemical performance of CuSe-TiO2 and CuSe are examined in detail, exhibiting a capacitance of (370 F g−1/225 at 1.5 A g−1) with extraordinary rate performance in 1 M Na2SO4 aqueous solution. Furthermore, an all-solid-state asymmetric supercapacitor is produced to show 70 F g−1, at 31.5 Wh kg−1 and 4500 W kg−1 energy, and power density coupled with robust cycling stability of 10,000 cycles. More importantly, the single asymmetric supercapacitor device had enough energy to light up a LED for 50 s, showing its practical applicability.

Titania coatings decorated with ultra-thin gold films: Optical, electrochemical and photoelectrochemical properties

The coating with a porous structure, having a good adhesion to the substrate and containing titanium dioxide in the modifications of rutile and anatase, has been obtained by plasma electrolytic oxidation of VT1–0 technically pure titanium in a 0.1 M neutral aqueous solution of Na2SO4. Gold 10-nm-layer has been deposited on surface by electron-beam evaporation to obtain Ti/TiO2/Au composite. This gold layer consists of 5 nm gold nanoparticles, which has been determined based on the coherent scattering regions for the diffraction peak (111) using the Debye-Scherrer method. Deposition of 10-nm gold layer on the surface of Ti/TiO2 results in increase in photocurrent densities from 3·10−9 A/cm2 to 4·10−6 A/cm2. Calculation from the slopes of the Mott-Schottky plots enable one to estimate the number of charge carriers (donors) and the flat band potential vs Ag/AgCl, which are ND = 3.9·1019 cm−3, Efb = – 0.14 V for Ti/TiO2 and ND = 3.0·1020 cm−3, Efb = – 0.4 V for Ti/TiO2/Au composite.

Comparative study on direct and indirect methods for wet desulphurisation and denitrification based on micro-nano bubbles

ABSTRACT The wet desulphurisation and denitrification technique based on micro-nano bubbles, which is available by either D-method or I-method, is a promising novel process. By employing piped water, Na2SO3 aqueous solution and HA-Na aqueous solution as the absorption liquids, a comparative study was conducted in this article on D-method and I-method to analyze their performance, advantages and disadvantages. It was accompanied by an investigation of how initial pH and initial temperature values of the absorption liquids affected the removal efficiency. The results suggested a positive correlation between NO/SO2 removal efficiencies and pH values but a little improvement in the removal efficiency under alkaline conditions. Furthermore, heating the absorption liquids inhibited the removal of NO and SO2. When manipulated in the same experimental environment, D-method and I-method did not present a significant difference in the SO2 removal efficiency, while the former was remarkably more effective than the latter in removing NO. To put together, D-method had higher removal efficiency, but required a large-scale micro-nano bubble generator to process a large quantity of flue gas as the micro-nano bubble generator was subject to a limited inlet flow rate. Consequently, an increase in investment and operating costs was incurred, while this issue could be avoided by I-method.

Nature of the Electrical Double Layer on Suspended Graphene Electrodes.

The structure of interfacial water near suspended graphene electrodes in contact with aqueous solutions of Na2SO4, NH4Cl, and (NH4)2SO4 has been studied using confocal Raman spectroscopy, sum frequency vibrational spectroscopy, and Kelvin probe force microscopy. SO42– anions were found to preferentially accumulate near the interface at an open circuit potential (OCP), creating an electrical field that orients water molecules below the interface, as revealed by the increased intensity of the O–H stretching peak of H-bonded water. No such increase is observed with NH4Cl at the OCP. The intensity of the dangling O–H bond stretching peak however remains largely unchanged. The degree of orientation of the water molecules as well as the electrical double layer strength increased further when positive voltages are applied. Negative voltages on the other hand produced only small changes in the intensity of the H-bonded water peaks but affected the intensity and frequency of dangling O–H bond peaks. The TOC figure is an oversimplified representation of the system in this work.

Synthesis and Characterization of Efficient Nitrogen-Doped Carbon Materials for Supercapacitors Application

N-doped carbons are widely used in the energy storage and conversion field because of their excellent electrical conductivity, high specific surface area, and superb electrochemical stability. Herein, high-efficiency carbon material has been derived using the kraft pulping residues – black liquor as the carbon source. The carbon material was prepared from black liquor through a two-step process, including chemical activation with NaOH at high temperature and doping with nitrogen using dicyandiamide (DCDA). The synthesized catalyst's morphology, structure, and composition were characterized using TEM, XPS, Raman Spectroscopy, and ICP-OES. The electrochemical performance has been evaluated using cyclic voltammetry (CV) and galvanostatic charge-discharge (GCD) techniques.The synthesized nitrogen-doped carbon material had a high specific surface area of 2481 m2 g−1. Moreover, this catalyst had a high nitrogen content of 4.33 at%. Most of the nitrogen was in the pyridinic-N (66.58 at%) and graphitic-N forms (33.42 at%). It was found that the specific capacitance of catalysts depends on the catalyst loading. The specific capacitance of ca. 50 F g-1 was achieved in the 1 M Na2SO4 aqueous solution at the scan rate of 5 mV s-1. Besides, the specific capacitance retention was 99% after 100 cycles indicating good electrochemical stability. Our present results demonstrated that kraft pulping residue, such as black liquor, can be employed as a promising carbon precursor to synthesize low-cost and efficient catalysts for supercapacitors. AcknowledgmentThis project has received funding under the Baltic Research Programme project “Sustainably produced nanomaterials for energy applications (SuNaMa)” (No. S-BMT-21-12, LT08-2-LMT-K-01-055).

Synthesis of Nickel Cobalt Oxide - Reduced Graphene Oxide Nanocomposite Using Ammonia for Supercapacitor

In this work, we have prepared a nanocomposite of NiCo2O4 and reduced graphene oxide (NC-RGO) by the hydrothermal synthesis technique using ammonia as the reducing agent. We have used ammonia solution as the reducing agent for GO reduction in aqueous solvent as it is more environmentally friendly in comparison to hydrazine hydrate or other poisonous reducing agents. Thermo-gravimetric analysis of the prepared precursor has been done to find the decomposition temperature. X-ray diffraction has been done to verify the phases present in the material. The optical properties have also been studied by UV-Vis and Photoluminescence spectroscopy. The electrochemical behaviour has been studied by cyclic voltammetry and galvanostatic charge-discharge curves in two electrolytic solutions (1 M Na2SO4 and 1 M KOH aqueous solutions). It has been observed that a higher value of energy density has been obtained in 1 M Na2SO4 aqueous electrolytic solution than in 1 M KOH aqueous solution.The Work presented in this article is related to sustainable development goals (SDGs) to transform our world regarding affordable and clean energy.

Novel green synthesis of graphene oxide-manganese dioxide using solution plasma process for energy storage

Graphene oxide-manganese dioxide (GO-MnO2) forms an interesting family of nanocomposites that have been widely studied and applied to many electrochemical applications, including supercapacitors. However, a number of reported preparation methods still suffer several disadvantages, including complex preparation, long synthesis time, and detrimental effects on the environment as a result of excessive use of chemicals. In contrast, solution plasma process (SPP) offers a simple method that can be used to synthesize nanomaterials with minimal use of chemical reagents and short preparation time under ambient processing conditions. This work demonstrated that SPP-based preparation of the GO-MnO2 composite can be achieved. Moreover, the SPP regime was found to enable interaction between the Mn ions and the exfoliated GO sheets, with the capability of upscaling the preparation. The highest specific capacitance of the GO-MnO2 composite was obtained when only 10 min of SPP discharge time was used, resulting in the specific capacitance of 218 F g−1 at a scan rate of 5 mV s−1 in 1 M Na2SO4 aqueous electrolyte solution. This method provides a facile in situ approach to deposit MnO2 onto the GO sheets and could offer a promising, green alternative strategy to prepare similar electrode materials for other applications.

Bulk cross-linked hydroxyethyl cellulose-silica composite membrane for acid-stable nanofiltration

This work focused on the construction of an acid-resistant composite nanofiltration membrane with the selective layer of bulk cross-linked hydroxyethyl cellulose (HEC)-silica and a support of porous polypropylene. Membranes were fabricated through in-situ sol-gel reaction and slot-die coating method employing tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS) as the silica precursor and cross-linking agent of HEC. Membrane structure and performance were tuned by controlling the hydrolysis time of TEOS and differentiating TEOS and HEC contents, and systematically characterized in terms of physico-chemical property, permeation attribution and acid stability. It was found that membrane performance was strongly correlated with the relative contents of C–O–Si and Si–O–Si bonds of the formed HEC-silica selective layer. High content of C–O–Si bond formed via condensation reaction of HEC and TEOS endowed the selective layer with denser network structure and good rejection ability. Both insufficient and excessive hydrolysis led to a poor rejection ability of formed membrane. The optimized HEC-silica membrane possessed an average pore size of about 1.43 nm within the scope of nanofiltration membrane, a high pure water permeability coefficient of around 10.5 LMH/bar, and a medium rejection of 85.2% to 500 mg/l Na2SO4 aqueous solution at 5.0 bar. No changes in both chemical structure and separation performance occurred with the HEC-silica composite membrane after being soaked in aqueous H2SO4 solution of 4.9 wt% for 7 days, while evident structure destruction and serious performance degradation occurred with the compared polyamide-based commercial membrane NF270. Long-term soaking test using 15.0 wt% H2SO4 aqueous solution for 30 days also demonstrated that the acid resistance HEC silica membrane was comparable with those reported acid stable nanofiltration membranes. Furthermore, the HEC-silica membrane also maintained its water permeation and solute rejection abilities during a 30-day continuous filtration of aqueous solution of 4.9 wt% H2SO4 and 50 mg/l polyethylene glycol fraction (PEG2000). The good acid resistance of the HEC-silica composite membrane was attributed to its bulk cross-linked network structure composed of C–O–Si, Si–O–Si and C–C bonds.

Atomistic Modeling of the Structural and Dynamic Properties of Aqueous NaCl and Na2SO4 Solutions in the Interlayer Space of Ettringite

Atomistic Modeling of the Structural and Dynamic Properties of Aqueous NaCl and Na2SO4 Solutions in the Interlayer Space of Ettringite

Absorption and Conversion of SO2 in Functional Ionic Liquids: Effect of Water on the Claus Reaction.

The absorption of SO2 from flue gas and its conversion to chemicals is important in the industry. Functional ionic liquids (ILs) have been broadly used to absorb SO2 in flue gas, but seldom convert it to chemicals. As we know, water is inevitable in a desulfurization process. In this work, three functional ILs (monoethanolaminium lactate-[MEA][Lac], 1,1,3,3-tetramethylguanidinium lactate-[TMG][Lac], tetraethylammonium lactate-[N2222][Lac]) with or without water were used as absorbents to absorb SO2 in flue gas, and then the absorbed SO2 in the absorbents was converted to sulfur via a Claus reaction. The result shows that the three ILs can efficiently absorb SO2 and convert it to sulfur. But the addition of water in the ILs can reduce the conversion of absorbed SO2, and the conversion increases with increasing the acidity of absorbents. To explain this phenomenon, we studied the Claus reaction in H2SO3, NaHSO3 and Na2SO3 aqueous solutions. It turns out that the conversion of the Claus reaction is related to the species of S (IV) in the order of the oxidability: H2SO3 > HSO3– > SO32–, and their proportions dependent on the pH of solutions. On the basis of the absorption mechanism of SO2 in functional ILs aqueous solution, H2S reacts with HSO3– and SO32– with weaker oxidability, resulting in the lower conversion. Importantly, we found that the addition of lactic acid could increase the conversion of SO2 via the Claus reaction.

Atomistic simulations of ettringite and its aqueous interfaces: Structure and properties revisited with the modified ClayFF force field

Ettringite, (Ca6[Al(OH)6]2[SO4]3·nH2O, n = 24–27), is one of the common phases of cement and plays an important role in cement chemistry as the primary cause of sulphate corrosion in Portland cement. Molecular dynamic computer simulations have already been applied earlier to model the crystal structure of ettringite and its interfaces with aqueous salt solutions. A recently developed version of the widely used ClayFF force field allows now to explicitly take into account the bending of M-O-H angles of (M = Al, Ca), leading to a much better agreement of the simulation results with available experimental data. The structure and dynamics of bulk ettringite crystal and its interfaces with NaCl and Na2SO4 aqueous solutions are quantitatively evaluated here for the new modified version of the force field, ClayFF-MOH, and compared with the results obtained with the earlier version, ClayFF-orig. The crystallographic parameters, elastic properties, the structure and dynamics of intracrystalline hydrogen bonding network and the vibrational spectra of ettringite are calculated by classical molecular dynamics simulations and quantitatively compared with available experimental data using both versions of ClayFF. Atomic density profiles for solution species at the ettringite surface, atomic distributions within the crystal-solution interface, and the interfacial diffusional mobility of the species are also calculated and compared. The results clearly demonstrate the importance of the explicit inclusion of M-O-H angular bending terms for accurate modeling of the mineral systems containing structural and interfacial hydroxide groups. The simulation results also show that the application of the new more accurate ClayFF-MOH version of the force field leads to the formation of a stronger hydrogen bonding network structure in the intercolumnar space of the ettringite crystal and at its surface, resulting in a stronger immobilization of the water molecules involved, as well as the ions. The ionic adsorption at the ettringite surface is also generally stronger than it was predicted by the earlier model.

Nanostructure and Morphology of the Surface as Well as Micromechanical and Sclerometric Properties of Al2O3 Layers Subjected to Thermo-Chemical Treatment

The article presents the effect of the thermo-chemical treatment of Al2O3 layers on their nanostructure, surface morphology, chemical composition as well as their micromechanical and sclerometric properties. Oxide layers were produced on EN AW-5251 aluminium alloy (AlMg2) by the method of direct current anodizing in a three-component electrolyte. The thermo-chemical treatment was carried out in distilled water and aqueous solutions of Na2SO4·10H2O and Na2Cr2O7·2H2O. It was shown that the thermo-chemical treatment process changes the morphology of the surface of the layers (the formation of a sub-layer from the Na2SO4·10H2O and Na2Cr2O7·2H2O solutions), which directly increases the thickness of the layers by 0.37 and 1.77 µm, respectively. The thermo-chemical treatment in water also resulted in the formation of a 0.63 µm thick sub-layer. The micromechanical tests indicated a rise in the surface microhardness of the layers in the case of their thermo-chemical treatment in water and the Na2SO4·10H2O solution and a decrease in the case of the layers modified in the Na2Cr2O7·2H2O solution. The highest microhardness (7.1 GPa) was exhibited by the layer modified in the Na2SO4·10H2O solution. Scratch tests demonstrated that the thermo-chemically treated layers had better adhesive properties than the reference layer. The best scratch resistance was exhibited by the layer after thermo-chemical treatment in the Na2SO4·10H2O solution (the highest values, practically for all the critical loads) which, together with its low roughness and high load capacity, predispose it to sliding contacts.

Chromium phosphide nanoparticles embedded in porous nitrogen‐/phosphorus‐doped carbon as efficient electrocatalysts for a nitrogen reduction reaction

AbstractThe resource recovery of heavy metals from effluent has significant environmental implications and potential commercial value. Chromium phosphide nanoparticles embedded in a nitrogen‐/phosphorus‐doped porous carbon matrix (CrP/NPC) are synthesized via a consecutive Cr6+ leachate treatment and resource recovery process. Electrochemical testing shows that CrP/NPC shows excellent nitrogen reduction reaction (NRR) performance, which yields the highest NH3 production rate of 22.56 μg h−1 mg−1cat. and Faradaic efficiency (16.37%) at −0.5 V versus the reversible hydrogen electrode in a 0.05 M Na2SO4 aqueous solution, as well as robust catalytic stability. The isotopic experiments using 15N2 as a nitrogen source confirm that the detected NH3 is derived from the NRR process. Finally, density functional theory (DFT) calculations show that the electron deficiency environment of the Cr site can significantly reduce the barrier of the NRR process and promote the formation of intermediate species.

Fabrication of 3D hierarchical Fe2O3/SnO2 photoanode for enhanced photoelectrochemical performance

Exploring and fabricating a suitable photoanode with high catalytic activity is critical for enhancing photoelectrochemical (PEC) performance. Herein, a novel 3D hierarchical Fe2O3/SnO2 photoanode was fabricated by a hydrothermal route, combining with an annealing process. The morphology, crystal structure were studied by scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, x-ray photon spectroscopy, and x-ray diffraction, respectively. The results reveal the successful preparation of Fe2O3 nanothorns on the surface of SnO2 nanosheets. The as-fabricated 3D Fe2O3/SnO2 photoanode yields obviously promoted PEC performance with a photocurrent density of approximate 5.85 mA cm−2, measured in a mixture of Na2S (0.25 M) and Na2SO3 (0.35 M) aqueous solution at 1.23 V (versus reversible hydrogen electrode, RHE). This value of photocurrent is about 53 times higher than that of the bare SnO2 photoanode. The obvious improved PEC properties can be attributed to the 3D Fe2O3/SnO2 heterostructures that offer outstanding light harvesting ability as well as improved charge transport and separation. These results suggest that exploring a suitable 3D hierarchical photoanode is an effective approach to boost PEC performance.

Facile Synthesis and Characterization of the Mn-MOF Electrode Material for Flexible Supercapacitors

Abstract Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) due to their porosity and well-defined structures are considered to be very promising electrode materials for the construction of high-performance supercapacitor (SC). In this paper, manganese-based metal-organic framework (Mn-MOF) were prepared on the surface of carbon cloth (CC) by a facile hydrothermal method. The morphology and structure of the electrode material were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffractometer (XRD), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Its electrochemical studies show that the Mn-MOF electrode materials exhibit lower charge transfer resistance, the excellent specific capacitance of 433.5 mF/cm2 in 1.0 M Na2SO4 aqueous solution at the current density of 0.8 mA/cm2. It is noteworthy that the flexible electrode have excellent cycle stability and 105% capacitance retention even after 5000 cycles at a current density of 5 mA/cm2. The excellent electrochemical performance of Mn-MOF/CC flexible electrode materials can be attributed to its three-dimensional porous structure.

Carboxymethyl Cellulose Hydrogel Based Formulations of Zinc Hydroxide Nitrate-Sodium Dodecylsulphate-Bispyribac Nanocomposite: Advancements in Controlled Release Formulation of Herbicide.

The usefulness of carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) as a matrix material in enhancing the controlled release formulations of bispyribac (BP) herbicide from the interlayer gallery of zinc hydroxide nitratesodium dodecylsulphate-bispyribac (ZHN-SDS-BP) nanocomposite was investigated. The CMC coated nanocomposite, ZHN-SDS-BP-CMC was characterised using several instruments for the determination of its physicochemical properties. The release rates of the BP were measured using a UV spectrophotometer, and the aqueous solutions containing PO3-₄ , SO2-₄ and Cl- were selected as release media in the release studies so as to mimic the real conditions of environmental soil. Significant release time delays, triggered by the gelation forming ability and hygroscopic nature of CMC, were observed in all release media, and the release processes were found to behave in a concentration-dependent manner in all release media. Fitting the release data into several kinetic models demonstrated that release in aqueous solutions of Na₃PO₄ and Na₂SO₄ was governed by pseudo second order processes, whereas the release in an aqueous NaCl solution was governed by the parabolic diffusion kinetic model. The potential of CMC in prolonging the release of BP from ZHN-SDS-BP-CMC can potentially help in reducing the pollution resulting from the overuse of pesticides.