Gas Mixture Of NO Research Articles

Gas Mixing Effect on Ion Current Spectrum and Its Application to Optimize Implantation Source Gas Composition

In a Penning discharge ion source, He (small atomic number) and Ar (large atomic number) gases are shown to play the roles of diluent and excimer, respectively, when mixed with O2. The gas composition is optimized at Ar(0.1%)–He(90%)–O2(10%), producing a high O+ ion current as well as good operation and maintenance of the implanter. In both N2–O2 gas mixture and NxOy compound gas, the O+ ion current is almost proportional to the oxygen content. A high NO+ molecular current is obtained with NO compound gas, rather than with N2(50%)–O2(50%) gas mixture. The present results are a valuable guide to the selection of other gas mixtures for implantation.

Breakdown field strength of SF6, N2O, SF6+N2, and SF6+N2O

The breakdown voltages of some electron attaching gases and gas mixtures have been calculated from their fundmental properties such as ionization and attachment cross sections, the momentum transfer cross section, the drift velocity or the mean energy of electrons. The calculated breakdown voltages in SF6, N2O, SF6+N2, and SF6+N2O gas mixtures, on the basis of Maxwellian electron energy distribution, agree very well with the measured values. The good agreement between the calculated and measured values shows that the mean energies of electrons in SF6+N2 corresponds to that of SF6 up to 90% concentration of N2 in the mixture, whereas the mean energies of electrons in SF6+N2O mixtures correspond to that of the majority gas.

The breakdown voltages of N2-O2 gas mixtures in non-uniform field at low temperatures

Positive DC breakdown voltages of various N2-O2 gas mixtures have been measured to point-to-plane gaps over a temperature range 113 to 293K, the gas density being kept constant at any temperature. The breakdown voltage in N2 increased at low temperatures. The increase in breakdown voltages became small, when a small amount of O2 (less than 1%) was mixed into N2. The breakdown voltage in synthetic air decreased at low temperatures. When small pulses were superposed on DC voltages, the breakdown voltage changes only slightly with temperature in both N2 and synthetic air.

Demonstration of airway closure in man.

After partial equilibration of the lung with a N2O gas mixture absorption of N2O by the pulmonary circulation results in a flow of gas into the lungs during breath holding. A bolus of 133Xe introduced at the mouth at the beginning of the breath hold is carried in by the gas flow and distributed according to regional perfusion. In three subjects, breath holding at FRC, apex-to-base distribution of a 133Xe bolud delivered by N2O absorption (Xecar) was similar to that of a bolus injected intravenously (Xeiv). Near RV however, much less of Xecar penetrated into dependent zones than expected from the distribution of Xeiv. In fact, distribution of Xecar did not differ from that of a slowly inhaled bolus. Correction for Compton scatter in the chest wall, measured in one subject, accounted only in part for the radioactivity recorded over dependent lung regions. The findings indicate that near RV some but not all of the dependent airways must be closed. Furthermore, the distribution of airway closure completely accounts for the distribution of a bolus inhaled from RV.