N-dimethyl Formamide Research Articles

Solubility determination, model evaluation, molecular simulation and thermodynamic analysis of Dehydroacetic acid in thirteen pure solvents

The solid–liquid equilibrium solubility of DHA in thirteen pure solvents (methanol, ethanol, n-propanol, isopropanol, n-pentanol, ethyl formate, ethyl acetate, N, N-dimethyl acetamide (DMA), N, N-dimethyl formamide (DMF), acetonitrile, acetone, 2-butanone, dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO)) was determined at temperatures ranging from 288.15–323.15 K under local atmosphere by gravimetric method. The experimental results showed that the solubility of DHA was positively correlated with the rising of temperatures. Five thermodynamic models, including Ideal model, Apelblat model, λh model, NRTL model and Wilson model, were employed to fit the experimental data and Wilson model provided a better correlation. The KAT-LSER model and molecular dynamic simulations were also carried out to investigate the effects of solvent–solute interactions on solubility. Furthermore, the thermodynamic properties of the dissolution process were calculated and the results argued a spontaneous, exothermic and entropy-driven process.

Separation performance of cationic and anionic dyes from water using polyvinylidene fluoride-based ultrafiltration membrane incorporating polyethylene glycol

Membrane separation shows high performance in the dye’s removal at nanofiltration conditions. Pinpointing the problems accompanying using high pressure in the nanofiltration process sparks increased interest among investigators to tackle this important point. This work tackles the problem of using the nanofiltration process to remove intermediate molecular weight dyes by decorating new functionalized membranes working at ultrafiltration conditions. Flat sheet ultrafiltration membranes were successfully prepared by the phase inversion technique from polymeric solutions containing 16, 18, and 20 wt% of polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) and N, N-dimethyl formamide as a solvent. The prepared membranes were tested using rhodamine B (RhB) dye as a model pollutant at different transmembrane pressures of 1, 2, 3, and 4 bar. Optimistic permeability, permeate flux, and dye removal were obtained using 18 wt% of PVDF. This membrane was developed with different polyethylene glycol (PEG) contents of 3, 6, and 9 wt% to improve the hydrophilicity and permeability of the membrane surface at low pressure. The morphology analysis, elemental composition, and surface functional groups of the pure and modified membranes were examined. The effect of dye concentration and pH of the feed solution on the permeate flux and RhB removal was studied using an 18 wt% PVDF membrane containing 6 wt% of PEG. The results showed that incorporating 6 wt% of PEG in the 18 wt% PVDF casting solution reduced the CA from 78.85° for pure PVDF to 62.08° and enhanced the permeability from 7.16 L/m2.h for pure PVDF to 74.72 L/m2.h at 1 bar and initial RhB concentration of 10 mg/L. While RhB dye removal slightly decreased from 93.08 % for pure PVDF to 91.26 %. The results showcased the potential efficiency of the (6 wt%)PEG/(18 wt%)PVDF membrane for dye separation from water. Also, molecular weight cut-off was evaluated using RhB as a cationic dye, acid orange 10, and congo red as anionic dyes and it was 478 Da.

Synthesis and Characterization of Metal-Organic Framework as Battery Electrodes

Metal organic framework-derived carbons (MOFDCs) are materials with great potential and can be used as electrochemical energy storage because these have a large surface area and pore structure that can be adapted to needs. MOFs have porous crystals in which metal ions or clusters are linked by organic ligands. The purpose of this study was to determine the physical and electrochemical properties of MOF5 synthesized at different temperatures. The MOFs synthesis method which is classified as complicated can be simplified and the use of hazardous solvents can be reduced by means of partial substitution using water solvents. To prepare MOFs can be done in several ways, such as liquid phase epitaxy, supersonic cold spraying, direct gas phase preparation, and interface-assisted synthesis. MOFs have applications in optics, sensing, catalysis, adsorption, and modeling, as well as electrochemical energy storage. Potential application as an interesting electrode material to be studied through the synthesis method. In this study, MOF5 was synthesized at temperatures between 200°C-600°C. To prepare MOF5, zinc nitrate tetrahydrate and acetic acid were dissolved in DMF (N, N-dimethyl formamide). The remaining precipitate (MOF) was immersed three times in DMF and three times in chloroform for 24 hours for each immersion. In general, different MOF5 synthesis affects the microstructure, elemental content, optical properties (transmittance and absorbance), electrical properties, and electrochemical properties

Domino protocol for the synthesis of diversely functionalized derivatives of a novel fused pentacyclic antioxidant/anticancer fluorescent scaffold: Pyrazolo[5'',1'':2',3']pyrimido[4',5':5,6][1,4]thiazino[2,3-b]quinoxaline

Rising to the challenge of formidable multi-step reaction needed for the synthesis of polycyclic compounds, an efficient one-pot two-step procedure for the synthesis of densely functionalized novel pyrazolo[5″,1'':2′,3']pyrimido[4′,5':5,6] [1,4]thiazino[2,3-b]quinoxalines from synthetically accessible starting materials 6-bromo-7-chloro-3-cyano-2-(ethylthio)-5-methylpyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine, 3-aminoquinoxaline-2-thiol and some readily accessible alkyl halides was established. The domino reaction pathway involves cyclocondensation/N-alkylation sequence in K2CO3/N,N-dimethyl formamide under heating condition. DPPH free radical scavenging activity of all synthesized pyrazolo[5″,1'':2′,3']pyrimido[4′,5':5,6][1,4]thiazino[2,3-b]quinoxalines was evaluated to determine their antioxidant potentials. IC50 values were recorded in the range of 29–71 μM. N-benzyl substituted derivative represented the most effective antioxidant activity as well as antiproliferative activity against MCF-7 cells. Moreover, fluorescence in solution for these compounds exhibited strong red emission in the visible region (λflu. = 536–558 nm) with good to excellent quantum yields (61–95%). Due to their interesting fluorescence properties, these novel pentacyclic fluorophores can be used as fluorescent markers and probes for studies in biochemistry and pharmacology.

Coumarin Xanthene Combined Probe for the Multi-Color Detection of Metal Ions and Electrospun Fibers Developed for Real-Time Monitoring.

A coumarin-rhodamine (RhBC)-fused colorimetric/fluorescent probe was designed and synthesized. The probe is effective in Cu2+/Hg2+ ion sensing. With the added Cu2+ to RhBC in water: N, N-dimethyl formamide (8:2, v/v), the cyclic form of RhBC, is converted into the open ring form and shows a clear color change from yellow to red. In the presence of additional participating cations, this moiety shows effectiveness for Cu2+ and Hg2+ ions. The RhBC's detection limit by the UV-visible spectral method was 8.81 × 10-6M for Cu2+ ions and 2.26 × 10-5M for Hg2+ ions. The detection limit in the fluorescence titration spectra was 2.02 × 10-7M for Cu2+ ions and 6.11 × 10-8M for Hg2+ ions. A 1:1 stoichiometric ratio was validated between the probe and copper/mercury ions by the method of the job plot. Moreover, RhBC-combined polyurethane electrospun nanofibers were synthesized. These nanofibers could detect Cu2+ in real samples with no complications, with an instinctive color difference from yellow to red and a weak orange color for mercury ions.

Synthesis of B[sbnd]C[sbnd]N nanotubes by CVD method and their electrochemical performance towards supercapacitors

Energy transition to renewables necessitate efficient energy storage systems such as super capacitors. Hence Boron carbon nitride (BCN) nanotubes were synthesized using CVD technique at 800, 900 and 1000 °C, using N-Dimethyl formamide and trimethyl borate as precursors and ferrocene as the catalyst. Increase in CVD temperature from 800 to 1000 °C increased the conductance and specific capacitance. Supercapacitor device fabricated with BCN synthesized at 1000 °C showed specific capacitance of 68.125F/g, energy density of 1.51 Wh/Kg, energy efficiency of 53.17 % and power density of 100 W/Kg. It retained 73.6 % of initial capacitance for 1000 charge/discharge cycles.

Induced defect and ZnO nano-flower formation by N, N, dimethylformamide solvent for natural sunlight responsive floating photocatalytic advanced oxidation process

The increasing disposal of dyes and face-mask propel to hunt for a solution to fight water pollution while assisting sustainability. This research overcomes the key challenges associated with implementing photocatalytic water treatment by using natural sunlight active photocatalyst, changing slurry system, eliminating the use of external triggering sources, and reusing face-mask fabric coated with ZnO to act as a floating photocatalyst. Unique morphological structures-cauliflower, hydrangea, and petals-likes are obtained with the variation in synthesis medium (Diethylene glycol (DEG), N, N-dimethyl formamide (DMF), H2O) and methods (precipitation, solvothermal) which are found to be dependent on the solvent properties. With the use of DMF having a higher dielectric constant and formation of dimethyl amine via hydrolysis, it influences in forming petals and flower-like morphologies, unlike DEG solvent. The ZnO-coated face-mask fabric is used as the floating photocatalyst under natural sunlight observing comparable 91% degradation efficiency in 100 min with that of 99% efficiency in the UV light-illuminated slurry system. The formation of petals-like structures, defects from the liberation of DMF molecules from the ZnO surface by calcination, larger pore sizes and pore volumes provided a synergistic effect on enhancing the degradation efficiency in these cases.

Controlled synthesis of β-Bi2O3/Bi2O2CO3 hollow microspheres with enhanced photocatalytic degradation of tetracycline under visible light

Well-dispersed β-Bi2O3/Bi2O2CO3 hollow microspheres were successfully synthesized by calcination an intermediate product fabricated via a solvothermal method using N, N-dimethyl formamide (DMF) as reaction media and carbon nanospheres as sacrifice templates. The molar ratio of β-Bi2O3 and Bi2O2CO3 in β-Bi2O3/Bi2O2CO3 composites can be adjusted by controlling the roasting conditions, which will influence the utilization of sunlight and the photo-induced charge carrier separation and transfer of the composites constructed, thus affecting photocatalytic activity. Experimental and characterization results suggest that the formation of the special structure could be ascribed to the interdiffusion of BiO+ and carbon chain during solvothermal reaction. Control experiments confirmed that as-prepared β-Bi2O3/Bi2O2CO3 composites possessed reliable photocatalytic activity and recycle stability for tetracycline degradation, achieving 95.34 % under Xe lamp irradiation for 60 min and without significant decrease after four cycles. Our findings provide another insight for the transformation of elemental bismuth into β-Bi2O3, and open up a general route for the synthesis of Bi2O2CO3-based composite hollow microspheres for water pollution control.

Microstructures and properties of PVDF membranes: effect of the solvent

The polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) membranes were synthesized using immersion precipitation technique. The effect of four solvents, N, N-dimethyl formamide (DMF), N, N-dimethylacetamide (DMAC), N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP), and dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) on the water flux and beef serum albumin (BSA) rejection efficiency was reported. The structure and morphology of PVDF membranes were studied using Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), and water contact angle measurements. The cross-section of a membrane formed in a DMF as a solvent exhibit a spongy/fingerlike hybrid structure, while DMSO favors the formation of more porous structure. The increase in the solvent mass fraction facilitates liquid phase separation and solution casting, and changes the structure of PVDF membrane from denser, bicontinuous structure to a looser, stacked structure. Moreover, the results revealed that the properties of PVDF membranes sub-layer are controlled by the diffusion rate of the nonsolvent. The membrane with the best performance was prepared using 80% DMF (mass fraction) as a solvent, and it reached water flux of 66 L·m−2·h−1, and 91.53% BSA rejection efficiency.

Optimizing the electrospinning parameters in polyvinyl chloride nanofiber fabrication using CCD

PurposeThe aim of this study is to optimize the electrospinning parameters used in the production process of polyvinyl chloride (PVC) nanofibers.Design/methodology/approachThe response surface methodology (RSM) was used to determine the experimental design. The 30 nanofiber prototypes candidates were electrospun using a needle-based electrospinning machine. PVC polymer, N-dimethyl formamide and tetrahydrofuran solvents were used to prepare the electrospinning solution.FindingsThe electrospun nanofibers had a mean diameter of 386 ± 136.57 nm, in the range of 200−412 nm. The mean porosity was 31.60 ± 6.37% in the range of 15.33−41.53%. The webs made from electrospun nanofibers had a mean pressure loss of 194.23 ± 47.7 pa in the range of 124−300 pa. The highest statistically significant correlation was observed between solution concentration and nanofiber diameter (r = 0.756, p < 0.05).Originality/valueThe optimal electrospinning parameters were determined to be: a solution concentration of 11 weight percent, a voltage of 16.5 kV, a needle-collector distance of 13.5 cm and an electrospinning duration of 4 h.

Fashionable Co-operative Sensing of Bivalent Zn2+ and Cd2+ in Attendance of OAc- by Use of Simple Sensor: Exploration of Molecular Logic Gate and Docking Studies.

The Schiff-base probe H2VL [6,6'-((1E,1'E)-hydrazine-1,2 diylidenebis(methanylylidene))bis(2-methoxyphenol)] is synthesized and structurally characterized by single crystal X-ray diffraction (SCXRD). H2VL is able to detect selectively acetate ion (OAc-) colorimetrically over other anions with 1:1 co-ordination. The detection limit is found to be 4.93µM. On the other hand, fluorescence intensity of the receptor is drastically enhanced with Zn2+ and Cd2+ in the presence of acetate as counter anion. N, N-Dimethyl formamide (DMF) or Dimethylsulphoxide (DMSO) and acetate (OAc-) was the best solvent and counter anion for Zn2+/Cd2+ -sensing compared with other solvents and anions, respectively. Detection limit for Zn2+ and Cd2+are calculated to be 1.94µM and 1.99µM, respectively. The strong selective emissive behavior could be attributed to the CHEF (chelation-enhanced fluorescence) process. According to the changes in output emission intensity in DMSO in response to the set of ions (Zn2+, Cd2+ and OAc¯) as input variables, the function of 3-input multifunctional molecular logic circuits has been demonstrated. The molecular docking studies of H2VL with DNA and BSA are also performed to confirm its possible bioactivity.

PERFORMANCE EVALUATION OF TETRABUTYLAMMONIUM BROMIDE-BASED DEEP EUTECTIC SOLVENTS IN ENHANCED OIL RECOVERY OF NIGERIAN HEAVY OIL

Deep eutectic solvent (DES) is used as a green solvent in science due to its benefits over ionic liquids, such as biocompatibility and biodegradability, chemical stability with water, ease of preparation, and non-toxicity.DES 1 was successfully synthesized in a 1:2 molar ratio of Tetrabutylammonium bromide (TBAB) and polyethylene glycol 400 (PEG 400), while the novel DES 2 and DES 3 were synthesized in a 1:6 molar ratio of TBAB/ dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), and TBAB/N,N-dimethyl formamide (DMF) respectively. The performance(s) of the three DESs in the enhancement of heavy Nigerian crude oil recovery at ambient temperature was investigated. DES 1 recovered additional 16.07 % oil from core flooding using Berea sandstone core sample, resulting in an overall recovery of 53.44 %. DES 1 also resulted in an incremental recovery of 35.94 % from Niger-Delta sandstone, with a high ultimate recovery of 85.94 %. The presence of DES 2 and DES 3 were also shown to result in additional oil recovery. A drastic IFT reduction from 5.19 to 2.46mN/m was observed between the oil and the DES2 phase. Thus the study confirms that the presence of TBAB-based DES promotes reduction in the viscosity of the heavy oil and results in more oil recovery. Keywords: Deep eutectic solvents (DES), enhanced oil recovery, interfacial tension, tetrabutylammoniumbromide (TBAB)

Construction of manganese-based metal organic frameworks derived from aromatic dicarboxylic acids and application for the adsorption of iodine

In this work, we selected terephthalic acid or 2-amino-terephthalic acid as ligand, transition metal manganese salt as metal source under the solvothermal conditions to successfully construct two kinds of manganese-based metal-organic frameworks (Mn-MOFs): Mn3(BDC)3(H2O)2 (1) and Mn3(NH2-BDC)3(DMF)4 (2) (H2BDC = terephthalic acid; NH2-BDC = 2-amino terephthalic acid; DMF = N, N-dimethyl formamide). It was characterized by elemental analysis, IR spectrum, thermogravimetric analysis (TG), X-ray powder diffraction (PXRD) and UV-vis absorption spectrum. It was found that the packing structures of compounds 1 and 2 were constructed by the trinuclear Mn3O16 building block and exhibited different spatial structure: compound 1 was a three-dimensional structure, and 2 was a two-dimensional network structure. The iodine adsorption in cyclohexane solution properties of compounds 1 and 2 were investigated. Research results showed that the uncoordinated amino group in the structure of framework compounds has a great influence on the iodine adsorption capacity and compound 2 had good adsorption property and reusability.

Zn anode sustaining high rate and high loading in organic electrolyte for rechargeable batteries

Rechargeable aqueous Zn battery, the promising candidate for future energy storage devices still suffers from multiple disadvantages of low reversibility, uncontrolled dendrite growth, and limited electrochemical potential window. Alternatively, organic electrolytes can theoretically resolve the thermodynamic instability of Zn anode, but at the expense of high-rate capability due to their inferior ionic conductivity. Here we report N, N-dimethyl formamide (DMF) based non-aqueous electrolyte containing Cu2+ ions as an additive (Cu2+-DMF). The combined effect of high thermodynamic stability of Zn anode in DMF electrolyte and in-vitro Cu-Zn alloy interphase can surpass both aqueous and non-aqueous electrolyte performance. High-rate capability, low overpotential of ∼50 mV at 20.0 mA cm−2/20.0 mAh cm−2, supreme stability over 1400 h at 5.0 mA cm−2/5.0 mAh cm−2, high Coulombic efficiency (CE, ∼99.60 %) and wide electrochemical stability window (∼2.45 V vs. Zn/Zn2+) is observed for Cu2+-DMF electrolyte. As a proof-of-concept, Zn||δ-MnO2 battery configuration in DMF electrolyte exhibits stable cycling, high-rate capability, and excellent reversibility. For deep understanding, the electrochemical kinetics and storage mechanism are also validated through multiple characterization techniques. This work is a substantial step towards the cost-effective construction of rechargeable non-aqueous Zn ion batteries.

Quantum Chemical Studies of Carbazochrome Molecule

Control of spontaneous and postoperative bleeding is of particular concern to surgeons, anesthetists, hematologists, and the patient. Mainly carbazochrome(2-(1,2,3,6-tetrahydro-3-hydroxy-1-methyl-6-oxo-5H-indol-5-ylidene)-hydrazinecarboxamide,CBZ), adrenochrome derivative, currently used as hemostatic drugs. With Density Functional Theory (DFT), at B3LYP level with 6–311G(d,p), 6–311+G(d,p), 6–311++G(d,p), 6–311++G(2d,2p), 6-311++G(3df,3pd) basis sets. Molecular structure of carbazochrome (C10H12N4O3) in the basic state in gas phase and solvent (ethanol, N, N-dimethyl form amide, N, N-dimethyl sulfoxide, water ) phases, energy Parameters such as the lowest empty molecular orbital (ELUMO), the highest energy filled molecular orbital (EHOMO), the energy difference between ELUMO and EHOMO, hardness, softness, electrophilicity index, chemical potential, electrofugality and nucleofugality were calculated and its effect on carbazochrome molecule has been investigated. In this study, the stabilization energy and hybridization of carbazochrome optimized by using DFT with B3LYP/6-311G(d, p) level in gas phase solvent phase, using natural bond orbital theory as integrated with NBO 3.1 were studied. Quantum mechanical calculations by using time-dependent DFT at B3LYP level 6–311G(d,p), 6–311+G(d,p), 6–311++G(d,p), 6–311++G(2d,2p), 6-311++G(3df,3pd) basis sets were performed to obtain some valuable information about the UV spectrum of the carbazochrome molecule in gas and solvent medium (ethanol, N, N-dimethylformamide, N, N-dimethylsulfoxide, water) and compared with experimental values. Based on Gaussianand#39;s output data, on the basis of vibration analysis and statistical thermodynamics, standard thermodynamicfunctions of the carbazochrome molecule at different temperatures (200oC-1000oC): thermodynamic properties such as heat capacity entropy, enthalpy, Gibbs free energy were calculated and the effect of base sets and solvent on these properties was investigated.

Lack of skin sensitization hazard potential for alpha-glycosyl isoquercitrin (AGIQ) utilizing the Local Lymph Node Assay

Skin sensitization is an important aspect of safety assessment and is a key component in the toxicological evaluation of chemicals. alpha-Glycosyl isoquercitrin (AGIQ), is marketed in Japan as a food additive and is generally recognized as safe (GRAS) by the expert panel of the Flavor and Extract Manufacturers Association (FEMA) in 2005 and the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in 2007. The Local Lymph Node Assay (LLNA) was used to assess AGIQ’s potential to cause skin sensitization. Results indicate that no excessive irritation was observed after the irritation screen (ear swelling < 25 % and erythema score < 3) when AGIQ was tested at 5 %, 10 %, and 25 % in N, N-dimethyl formamide [DMF]. Based on lack of irritation, AGIQ was further evaluated at 10 %, 25 %, and 50 % in DMF in the main test resulting in stimulation indices of less than the positive threshold of 1.6 i.e., 1.2, 1.4, and 1.2 respectively. Therefore, AGIQ was not a dermal sensitizer in the LLNA.

An Eco-Friendly Terpolymer Resin: Synthesis, Characterization and Ion‐Exchange Properties

2, 2’- Biphenol-Hexamethylenediamine-formaldehyde Terpolymers (BPHDF) were synthesized by the condensation of 2, 2’- Biphenol, Hexamethylenediamine, and formaldehyde in the presence of acid catalyst with varying molar ratios of reacting monomers. Terpolymer composition has been determined on the basis of their elemental analysis and the number–average molecular weight of these resins was determined by conductometric titration in nonaqueous medium. The viscosity measurements were carried out in N, N-dimethyl formamide which indicate normal behaviour. IR spectra were studied to elucidate the structure. The terpolymer resin has been further characterized by UV–visible and 1H-NMR spectra. The surface morphology of the terpolymer resin was examined by scanning electron microscopy. One of the important applications of these terpolymers is their capability to act as chelating ion-exchangers. The newly synthesized terpolymers proved to be selective for chelating ion-exchange properties and showed a powerful adsorption towards specific metal ions like Co2+, Hg2+, Cd2+, Pb2+. A batch equilibration method was adopted to study the selectivity of the metal ion uptake involving the measurement of the distribution of the given metal ion between the polymer sample and a solution containing the metal ion over a wide range of concentrations and pHs of different electrolytes. The terpolymers showed a higher selectivity for Co2+&gt; Hg2+&gt; Cd2+&gt; Pb2+.It is also observed that the amount of metal ions absorption by the BPHDF terpolymer resins increases in the order: BPHDF-3 &gt; BPHDF-2 &gt; BPHDF-1 due to introduction of more and more phenolic groups in terpolymer resins from BPHDF-1 to BPHDF-3.

Cover Image, Volume 139, Issue 10

The cover image by Sujith Athiyanathil and Smitha Manholi shows FE SEM images of surface and crosssectional morphologies of Poly (ε-caprolactone) (PCL) porous asymmetric membranes fabricated in six different solvents using the NIPS method and using water as a non-solvent. This study presents the fabrication of poly (ε-caprolactone) phase inversion membrane, which is a biodegradable polymer in six different casting solvents: N, N-Dimethyl formamide (DMF), N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP), Tetra Hydro Furan (THF), Tri ethyl phosphate (TEP), 1,4-Dioxane, and Acetone. The project aims to study the effects of casting solvents on the precipitation kinetics, membrane morphology, and permeation performance for water filtration applications. DOI: 10.1002/app.51720

Eco-Friendly Reduced Graphene Oxide Nanofilter Preparation and Application for Iron Removal

In this paper, the green synthesis of reduced graphene oxide (r-GO) nanomaterials using Callistemon viminalis leaf extract as a reducing and stabilizing agent is reported for the first time. The synthesized r-GO nanomaterials were characterized using UV–Vis, XRD, FE-SEM, TEM, and energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) analyses. The nanofilter membrane was prepared by varying the amounts of r-GO nanomaterials in a Polysulfone-N,N-dimethyl formamide (DMF) solution. The nanofilter membrane was characterized by the contact angle, atomic force microscopy (AFM), UV–Vis, and FTIR. The results confirm the formation of r-GO nanomaterials. Higher amounts of r-GO nanomaterials in the membrane show a lower contact angle, thus confirming their hydrophilic nature. Iron water filtration was performed with different amounts of r-GO nanomaterials in the membrane filter, and the water flux was smooth over an increased time period. Inductively Coupled Plasma (ICP) analysis showed a higher percentage of iron rejection (95.77%) when higher amounts (0.10 g) of r-GO nanomaterials were used in a mixed membrane (i.e., sample C). In conclusion, the findings illustrate that Callistemon viminalis mediates the synthesis of r-GO nanomaterials, which is useful in water filtration, and can be incorporated into membrane filters, since it removes iron.

Synthesis, spectroscopy, and photophysical properties of newly magnesium (II) phthalocyanine

2(3),9(10),16(17),23(24)-tetrakis-2,6-dimethoxyphenoxy substituted magnesium (II) phthalocyanine, which has very good solubility in polar and non-polar solvents and does not aggregate, was synthesized. Its structure was characterized by spectroscopic methods such as elemental analysis, UV-vis, FT-IR, MALDI-TOF mass and 1H NMR. It has very good solubility in polar aprotic solvents such as dimethyl sulfoxide, N, N- Dimethylformamide, tetrahydrofuran, dichloromethane, and non-polar solvents such as toluene, chloroform. Its aggregation properties have been studied both in the solvents mentioned above and in N, N- Dimethylformamide at different concentrations. Its photophysical properties were determined in N, N-dimethyl formamide. The effects of the nature and presence of 2,6-dimethoxyphenoxy group, which is an antioxidant derivative, on the phthalocyanine skeleton on the spectroscopic and photophysical properties were investigated by comparing it with unsubstituted magnesium (II) phthalocyanine. It can be a good nominee for various technological applications in that it does not aggregate and has good solubility in polar and non-polar solvents, as well as better and favorable fluorescence properties than its analog in the previous study.