Myxococcus Stipitatus Research Articles

Antibiotika aus Gleitenden Bakterien, 45. Phenalamide, neue HIV‐1‐Inhibitoren aus Myxococcus stipitatus Mx s40

Antibiotics from Gliding Bacteria, 45. — Phenalamides, New HIV‐1 Inhibitors from Myxococcus stipitatus Mx s40We report on the isolation and structure elucidation of the phenalamides A1 (1), A2 (2), A3 (3), B (4), and C (5), amides from alaninol and ω‐phenyl‐substituted unsaturated carboxylic acids (a pentaene carboxylic acid in 1 — 4, and a tetraene carboxylic acid chromophore in 5). Compounds 1 — 3 are E/Z isomers with the configuration: 6Z for 1, 4 represents 8‐methyl‐1, and for 5 we determined the 10,11‐double bond in 2 to be epoxidated. C‐16 in 1 has the S configuration, as revealed by ozonisation and isolation of the (2S)‐(+)‐2‐methyl‐4‐phenylbutyric acid. By comparison of their respective CD spectra all the other centers of chirality in 1 should have the same stereochemistry as in the related compound myxalamid B. 1 seems to be identical to stipiamide. First results of enrichment experiments show that the biogenesis of 1 starts with phenylalanine, which after transamination and decarboxylation is connected with propionate and acetate units to generate the highly unsaturated fatty acid. The second amino acid unit alanine terminates the biosynthesis.

1-O-(13-Methyl-1-Z-tetradecenyl)-2-O-(13-methyItetradecanoyl)- glycero-3-phospho-ethanolamin, ein Plasmalogen aus Myxococcus stipitatus/ 1-O-(13-Methyl-1-Z-tetradecenyl)-2-O-(13-methyltetradecanoyl)-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine, a Plasmalogen from Myxococcus stipitatus

Abstract The structure of 1-O-(13-methyl-1-Z-tetradecenyl)-2-O-(13-m ethyltetradecanoyl)-glycero- 3-phospho-ethanolamine isolated from Myxococcus stipitatus has been elucidated. 1H and 13C NMR as well as mass spectral data have been accumulated which allow a ready identification and structure elucidation of compounds of this type.

Isolation and identification of myxobacteria from soils and plant materials, with special reference to DNA base composition, quinone system, and cellular fatty acid composition, and with a description of a new species, Myxococcus flavescens.

Myxobacteria were isolated in Japan from soils, decaying plant materials, and tree bark. The isolation methods we have used are the rabbit dung method, placing soil on bacterial smears, the filter paper method, and the agar medium method. Placing soil on bacterial smears was easy to manage. Addition of dealkaline lignin stimulated formation of well- differentiated fruiting bodies on agar medium. This made it possible to investigate the morphology of fruiting bodies of myxobacteria on the agar medium in the laboratory. The myxobacteria isolated and purified were found to be strains of the genera Myxococcus and Archangium. Isolates were identified as Myxococcus stipitatus, Myxococcus fulvus, Myxococcus coralloides, and Archangium gephyra. A new species Myxococcus flavescens is proposed on the basis of morphological characteristics and production of diffusible light yellow pigment. All the tested strains gave positive reactions in catalase and urease. The DNA base composition of the myxobacteria examined ranged from 65 to 67mol% of guanine plus cytosine. The major quinone was menaquinone with 8 isoprenoid units (MK-8). The major cellular fatty acids were iso 15:0, iso 17:0, and 16:1.

Note: Fluorescence of Myxococcus stipitatus

Abstract The exposure of Myxococcus stipitatus to long-wave ultraviolet light results in a yellowish-green fluorescence. This character will aid in the identification of this species.