Structure Of Myth Research Articles

Zamanın Sonu ve Bir İmparatorluğun Başlangıcı: Hicri Bininci Yılın Eşiğinde Bir İstanbul Efsanesi

Sultan II. Mehmet Konstantinapol’ü fethettiğinde tarihin bilinen en büyük imparatorluğuna son vermiş, yıkılan imparatorluğun üzerine kendi imparatorluğunu inşa etmeyi planlamıştır. Fakat bu imparatorluk ideali çok kültürlü, çok dinli ve çok dilli yeni bir düzeni gerekli kılmıştır. Fatih, bu düzenin başkenti yaklaşık yüzyıl boyunca düşmanın da başkentliğini yapan Konstantinapol olsun ister. Bu bahsi geçen ideallerini hayata geçirmeye çalıştığı sırada Osmanlı toplumundan sayısız muhalefete maruz kalır. Bunların temelinde kendi atalarının düzenini terk etmek istemeyen, Konstantinapol’e yerleşmekle asimile olmaktan korkan beylerin korkuları yatar. Sayısız şeytanlıkların, İslam düşmanlığının kaynağı olan bu şehre yerleşim Fatih’in idealleri ve beylerinin tutuculuğunun bir nevi çatışma alanına dönüşür. Bu dönem aynı zamanda tüm dünyanın emsalsiz yeniliklere şahit olmasıyla kıyamet gününün yaklaştığına dair gelenekten ve dini anlatılardan beslenen yorumları da doğurmuştur. Bu çalışmada 15. Yüzyılının sonunda üretildiği tahmin edilen anonim bir İstanbul tarihi eseri olan ‘Fi Beyan-ı Tarih-i Konstantiniyye min Evvela ila Ahire’ incelenmiştir. Anlatının efsanevi yapısı ve dolaylı benzetmeleri sebebiyle, eserin bahsi geçen imparatorluk idealine karşı duruşu ve kıyamet gününün yaklaştığı inancı üzerinden incelemesi yapılmıştır.

Type-Cast? Insights on the Rhetorical Fluidity of Iconic Type

ABSTRACTOver the past few decades, numerous prominent authors in various spheres of design discourse have discussed the rhetorical potency of type “icons” and how they come to embody cultural connotation. As icons, typefaces offer a universal language system—an expansive visual vocabulary that immediately references what we already know of their context. Iconic typefaces and their letterforms are subject to a process of narrative interpretation where what we “already know of them” is in a constant process of resignification. Here, critics tend to follow a Barthesian view that, as mythic structures, letterforms’ narratives are continuously used and reused as signification in different contexts. This widely regarded view presumes that iconic meaning develops as a chain of signification, where one narrative builds onto the next. This, however, leaves little explanation for instances where symbolism embedded in iconic typefaces develops in unexpected ways. In this article, I therefore investigate and unpack other means by which iconic typefaces evolve rhetorical meaning. By referring to examples throughout, I explore typical perspectives on iconic type in the Barthesian sense, but also trace different processes of signification. In doing so, I aim to offer alternative insights into ideological type as a more fluid rhetorical entity.

Mythology of the Law and Justice Party’s Migration Discourse

The aim of this paper is to contribute to the deconstruction of the migration discourse of the Law and Justice Party (Prawo i Sprawiedliwość, PiS), looking for mythical structures in it and trying to decode them using discourse analysis. When it comes to migration politics, Poland is one of the most curious andambiguous contemporary cases. Previously predominantly a sending country, asits economy grows Poland is becoming a receiving country, faced with millions of incoming labour migrants. The Polish government lets them in, despite being anti-migrant in its rhetoric, especially when it comes to relocation of refugees within the European Union (EU). Some surveys reveal that countrywide anti-migrant sentiment is a rather new development: Polish attitudes towards immigrants have worsened since mid-2015, that is since the so-called European migration crisis was utilized by Law and Justice in their campaign at the 2015 Polish parliamentary election in order to gain fear-induced support. Therefore, Law and Justice’s migration discourse is fundamental to the study of contemporary Polish migration politics. I have analysed the news, interviews and othe rpublications from the official website of the Law and Justice party (pis.org.pl) over a period between June 2015 and July 2018. Based upon E. Cassirer’s, M. Eliade’s and H. Tudor’s understanding of political myth, I have identified a number of repetitive mythical structures and characteristics of political myths in the Law and Justice’s discourse on migration that can help to better understand Law and Justice’s political and ideological stances.

Eldar Ryazanov’s Film Watch Out For the Automobile Through the Prism of Joseph Campbell’s “Hero-Adventure”

We propose a universal methodology for analyzing scripted films based on the “hero’s journey” structure defined by Joseph Campbell. This methodology helps in identifying new meanings in a dramatic work, regardless of the genre of the film. Eldar Ryazanov’s tragicomedy Watch Out For the Automobile (also known as Uncommon Thief in the United States) is a classic example of Campbell’s monomyph. According to Campbell, the hero’s journey consists of three acts: “departure,” “initiation,” and “return.” Each act consists of six stages, if we amend the “departure” act to include the “ordinary world” stage, described by Christopher Vogler in The Writer’s Journey: Mythic Structure For Writers. There exists a correspondence between the stages of the hero’s journey and the compositional structure of drama, which has been pointed out by a number of researchers (mainly American authors like Syd Field, Linda Seger, Christopher Vogler, etc.) We, however, will attempt to prove that comedy films can also be analyzed from the standpoint of Campbell’s “hero-adventure”. Eldar Ryazanov’s film Watch Out For the Automobile (1966) is centered around the character of Yuri Detochkin. The climax of every episode of the film is focused on Detochkin, just as the climax of every stage of the hero’s journey is associated with the hero of the myth. However, this is not the primary similarity. The character of Detochkin, portrayed by Innokenty Smoktunovsky, having passed through a series of trials, acquires integrity and becomes transformed. As in a monomyth, we are dealing with the character arc of a hero who has completed his journey, and has thus fulfilled his mission. In the spirit of “hero-adventure”, Campbell’s allegories help interpret a variety of dramatic situations. This is because, in essence, all of these situations are archetypes. It is very important, however, to define their placement in the structure of the story. Most often this happens spontaneously, by way of the artist’s intuition, but the structure proposed by Campbell helps approach the creative process more deliberately. The goal of this research was to demonstrate the congeniality of the two methods: the intuitive method used by the authors of the film Watch Out For the Automobile, and the rational method used by the author of the book The Hero with a Thousand Faces based on a vast collection of legends and myths. Our hypothesis was entirely confirmed: Eldar Ryazanov and Emil Braginsky were using the same artistic logic for guidance as their predecessor Joseph Campbell.

Representasi Hero’s Journey Pada Tokoh Chihiro Dalam Anime Spirited Away Karya Miyazaki Hayao

(Title: Representation of Hero’s Journey on Main Character Chihiro in Hayao Miyazaki’s Spirited Away Anime) This paper is the result of a qualitative descriptive type of literature study. The purpose of this study was to reveal the heroic journey process of main character of Spirited Away anime named Chihiro, based on the Hero’s Journey theory proposed by Vogler. Data about Chihiro's heroic journey are obtained from anime with note taking techniques. The method used in the analysis is the method of content analysis based on the theory of Hero's Journey. From the results of the analysis, it can be seen that the main character Chihiro has undergone a total of the twelve stages of the hero’s journey. Chihiro's adventure has succeeded in changing her personality which was initially timid, spoiled, and whiny to be brave, independent, calm and confident, and full of compassion. Chihiro's heroic journey proves the true definition of a hero according to Vogler, while also proving that to win a fight does not always use physical strength. There are times when thinking intelligence and emotional intelligence are much more needed. In addition, this anime also features a lot of kamisama which was once believed by the Japanese. Miyazaki might want to remind again about the existence of Japanese gods by displaying them in this anime, either those actually found in Japanese mythology or Miyazaki's own creations. Thus, the story of Spirited Away which has a mythical structure as stated by Vogler becomes much more alive and interesting.

CHALCHIUHNENETZIN—BETWEEN MYTH AND HISTORY: SYMBOLIC ASPECTS OF THE AZTEC NOBLEWOMEN OF THIS NAME

AbstractThe aim of this work is to approach the strategies of transmitting knowledge of the past among the Nahua of the early Colonial period. The alphabetical sources of that epoch present a specific mix of contemporary European historiography and pre-Hispanic Nahua cultural memory. This article focuses on the second aspect, namely cultural memory that was a constant dialogue between the historical facts and the mythical structures into which these facts were “accommodated” to become culturally meaningful. The article analyzes narratives of two Aztec princesses called Chalchiuhnenetzin. The women named Chalchiuhnenetzin appear in two different historical contexts but, as shown in the analysis, the morphology of both stories and the role played by both women are quite similar. Thus, they can be regarded as examples of cultural re-elaboration of history by predominantly oral cultures.

Anjos e demônios modernos

Estuda três conhecidos super-heróis de histórias em quadrinhos: o Surfista Prateado, o Demolidor (ambos da Marvel Comics) e o Batman (da DC Comics). O objetivo é mostrar a universalidade de algumas das características desses super-heróis com os dramas humanos do cotidiano e com as narrativas míticas. Utiliza a análise narrativa dos personagens para descreve-los e compará-los com entes das mitologias tradicionais. Conclui que os heróis ‘Surfista Prateado’ e ‘Demolidor’ (Daredevil) correspondem a estruturas míticas arcaicas de diferentes formas de representação da própria identidade. Nessa ótica, há super-heróis (Demolidor, Homem-Aranha e Batman) que vivem sem esperanças, presos no mundo imanente, e representam a relação Ego-Id; e outros superheróis (Surfista Prateado, Thor, Mulher Maravilha e Super-Homem) que ‘caíram’ de um universo transcendente e correspondem a relação Ego-Self.

자기 발견과 극복의 신화 구조를 활용한 구술생애담 서사 분석 시론

자기 발견과 극복의 신화 구조를 활용한 구술생애담 서사 분석 시론

La Idealización de la alteridad: reflexiones sobre sus fundamentos en la historia occidental

Just as the natives of lands colonized by Europeans were considered wild or slow, they have also been the object of praise that has gone as far as idealization, and that have emerged especially among the intellectual elites of European origin. This last type of discourses and imaginaries, relatively rare and scarcely studied, seems to be opposed to racism and would invite an appreciation of cultural diversity. However, this article aims to propose a critical analysis of this praise of alterity, which, contrary to what is usually believed, is not a recent intellectual advance, but a discourse based on ancient pre-modern myths. To achieve this goal, a hermeneutic analysis of the discourses of authors and collectives recognized in the West, who have resorted to positively connoted terms to describe the cultures of non-European peoples was made. In these discourses, some general patterns were observed, which allowed them to be related to mythical structures of long duration, such as the Christian myth of the Garden of Eden and the Greek-Latin myth of a Golden Age. As an extension of this, today we can consider the Other natural and traditional as the example of an admirable human being. However, in this article it is concluded that such representations, although nowadays considered as politically correct, are based on specialized versions of alterity, which in reality reproduce hegemonic ideals and contribute to hide the complexity of the cultural diversity.

『応神記・仁徳記』 : 『古事記』中巻から下巻への神話的構造(読む)

『応神記・仁徳記』 : 『古事記』中巻から下巻への神話的構造(読む)

Film Writing Adapted for Game Narrative: Myth or Error?

Film Writing Adapted for Game Narrative: Myth or Error?

Telling New Myths: Contemporary Native American Animal Narratives from Michigan

Abstract Telling new myths (“teachings”), Ojibwe people in the Upper Peninsula of Michigan engage in creative processes of cultural renewal, like many Native Americans today. These narratives fit the genre of myth from a folkloristic perspective, but are newly shaped to speak to contemporary experiences of a resurgent, emergent culture. These new myths involve animals (such as wolves, coyotes, and buffalo) as main characters and demonstrate a mythic structure of movement from chaos (the period of post-European/American dominance and destruction of traditional cultures) toward cosmos (the “good road” of a Native-centered worldview).

Rewritings/refoldings/refleshings: fictive publics and the material gesture of defamiliarization

This paper develops the concept of fictive publics through the proximate gestures of rewriting, refolding and refleshing of certain characters. Feminist and queer rewritings of canonical literary texts have become a fairly lucrative area of publication, from Angela Carter’s now classic fairy tale collection The Bloody Chamber (1979) to Kathy Acker’s Eurydice in the Underworld (1997), and a more recent spate of mythological rewritings including Ali Smith’s Girl Meets Boy (2007) and Ursula K. Le Guin’s Lavinia (2008). The intervention into patriarchal mythical structures via rewriting has been well documented, but the ways in which this interrelates with the philosophical feminist and new materialist projects of the radical rewriting of modernity itself has not yet been investigated. In this paper, I argue that a paradoxical relationality structures the concept of fictive publics, which is analogous to the modernist gesture of defamiliarization. Publics presuppose a proximity of strangers, and the concept of proximity is vital to queer studies. Rewriting is constituted by a particular type of radical and contentious movement which has significance for feminist thought. Using these examples, I explore the creative process of radical rewriting as a material gesture of intervention.

Aspiring to the Creative Class: Reality Television and the Role of the Mentor

Aspiring to the Creative Class: Reality Television and the Role of the Mentor

Rupture and renewal in the Polynesian iconoclasm Sissons, Jeffrey (2014) The Polynesian Iconoclasm: Religious Revolution and the Seasonality of Power. New York and Oxford: Berghahn Books, 160 pp, USD85.00, hbk, ISBN: 9781782384137.

Rupture and renewal in the Polynesian iconoclasm Sissons, Jeffrey (2014) The Polynesian Iconoclasm: Religious Revolution and the Seasonality of Power. New York and Oxford: Berghahn Books, 160 pp, USD85.00, hbk, ISBN: 9781782384137.

TANBUR AS STRINGED MUSIC INSTRUMENT: ROLE, QUALITIES, INFLUENCES ON YARSANISM

This research extends on historical background and mythic structure of Yarasanism through a survey of principal concepts of their beliefs. History of Tanbur and its usages are investigated through introducing three major Mughams with a special focus on Haqqni Mugham. This research study was conducted via descriptive -analytical method and library method. This study also identifies some features and symbols of Tanbour as music instrument and its correlation with Yarsan beliefs including individuals, numbers, legends, etc. This research also addresses a relation between Tanbour and Yarsan identity. The results show that Tanbour preserved language, literature (poetry), and music. Keywords: Tanbour, Yarasan Music, Yarsanism, Mysticism, Poetry

The Mythic Structure of The Lord of the Rings and the Significance of the Ring as ‘An Anti-Sacrament’.

The Mythic Structure of The Lord of the Rings and the Significance of the Ring as ‘An Anti-Sacrament’.

Structuri arhetipale și mitice în drama Meșterul Manole de Lucian Blaga

Structuri arhetipale și mitice în drama Meșterul Manole de Lucian Blaga

일본의 신화적 상상계와 전통공간디자인의 상징적 구조

Myths and architectural spaces are cultural products symbolizing ideologies and objects respectively. Myth has the structure and the contents of a unique view of the world that reflects thoughts and representations of the nationalities. This study is about 'the spaces of the memory' adapted by the mythic tradition among many aspects of the Japanese tradition. The process of this study is illustrated as follows: At first, it mentions the concept of Gilbert Durand's mythic imaginaries and prototype with the method on how the myth is applied to the architectural spaces in the cultural context. Secondly, It clarifies basic meaning arrangement of the Japanese traditional spaces related to the myth. It shows sourceful 'prototipical system' that lies in the relation between thoughts and representations, regarding the shinto's spaces in terms of mythical imaginaries and Japanness. Thirdly, it ascertains mythical structure represented in the traditional space designs on terms with 'prototype' from symbolic system of the myth. It selects the cases among Japanese contemporary architects's works designed after 1960's, and analyses the meanings. In conclusion, it clarifies that this way can be a suggestion as the space design method combining the human's imaginary property with the time-stratigraphic region, and offering creative ideas for the strategy of the space design brand image that embraces a wide range of culture, ecology, and sensibility.

‘Cadets, Vets and War Poets’

For ‘Cadets, Vets and War Poets’, I produced a gala event of First World War poetry with armed forces cadets and veterans, civic dignitaries and university creative writing students. We workshopped a range of famous and unfamiliar poems and performed them, with drills and bugle calls, at a local theatre for the centenary in 2014. Highlights included the Lord Lieutenant's reading of ‘The Soldier’, the air cadets’ group performance of Woodbine Willie's ‘The Spirit’, and my women undergraduates giving voice to the war poems written by mothers, wives and sisters. Then I accompanied air cadets and vets on a tour of the war graves of Belgium where their commemorations included poetry performances at key sites around Ypres and Flanders. As scribe on this trip I collected their verbatim reactions, and collated these with my research and reading of WWI literature, to compile a piece of poetry, a war poem of my own. The project is part of Ink:Well, a study of the beneficial effects of creative writing, to consider the therepeutic possiblities of poetic form and mythic structure.