Myrtus Communis Research Articles

The combined effect of essential oils on wood physico-chemical properties and their antiadhesive activity against mold fungi: application of mixture design methodology

In the heritage field, the microbial adhesion on wood, and consequently the formation of biofilm led to inestimable losses of historical and cultural monuments. Thereby, this study aimed to examine the combined effect of Thymus vulgaris, Myrtus communis, and Mentha pulegium essential oils on wood surface physico-chemical properties, and to elaborate the optimal mixture using the mixture design approach coupled to the contact angle method. It was found that both wood hydrophobicity and electron donor character increased significantly after treatment using an optimal mixture containing 57% and 43% of M. pulegium and M. communis essential oils, respectively. The theoretical and experimental fungal adhesion on untreated and treated wood were also investigated. The results showed that the adhesion was favorable on untreated wood and reduced using the optimal mixture. Moreover, the experimental data demonstrated that the same mixture exhibited an antiadhesive efficacy effect with a reduction of 36–75% in adhesion.

Myrtus communis in Europe threatened by the pandemic and South African strains of the myrtle rust pathogen Austropuccinia psidii (Sphaerophragmiaceae, Pucciniales)

Austropuccinia psidii, the causal agent of myrtle rust, has emerged as a significant threat to Myrtaceae in planted and natural woody ecosystems. The first detection of A. puccinia in South Africa was from severely infected ornamental Myrtus communis. This raised concern that M. communis, the sole Myrtaceae species native to Europe and an important component of vegetation in Mediterranean regions, could be threatened by the rust. In light of the potential threat to this unique species, seed was collected from 12 Italian provenances of M. communis, including mainland and island (Sardinia and Sicily) populations. We assessed the susceptibility of these provenances to both the pandemic and South African strains of A. psidii. In Colombia, where the pandemic strain of A. psidii is native, seedlings rapidly became infected by natural inoculum. In South Africa, a preliminary screening of seedlings by artificial inoculation with a single-uredinium isolate produced high levels of disease. Finally, plants of each of the 12 provenances were planted and monitored in Florence, Italy. To date, these showed no signs of disease, but will continue to be monitored. This study highlights the significant threat that both the pandemic and South African strains of A. puccinia pose to M. communis in Europe.

Myrtus communis L. essential oil reduced colony formation and altered cell differentiation markers in lung cancer spheroids

<i>Myrtus communis</i> L. essential oil reduced colony formation and altered cell differentiation markers in lung cancer spheroids

996 Targeting the whole of rosacea symptoms with the combination of eriobotrya japonica and myrtus communis leaf extracts

996 Targeting the whole of rosacea symptoms with the combination of eriobotrya japonica and myrtus communis leaf extracts

Exploitation of selected plant extracts as bio-control against fungal contaminants in animal feed

ObjectivesPakistan is among the top agricultural countries around the globe, but mycotoxin contamination causes a major commercial loss every year. The present study aimed to isolate the fungi and their mycotoxins present in contaminated feed of animals in the local market of Peshawar. MethodologyThe antifungal activity of certain plant extracts was to be tested against pathogenic fungi. TLC method was used for mycotoxin analysis and it was found that Aflatoxin G1, G2, B1 and B2 were present in different amounts both qualitatively and quantitatively based on samples. ResultThis study found the presence of contamination in all the tested feed samples. All ten samples were found positive for Aspergillus flavus. B1 toxin was found in high quantity in all ten samples, while G2 was found in a lower quantity as compared to other toxins such as G1, B1 and B2. The quantity of aflatoxin was from 48.6 to 284.7 ppb in 25 g of samples. In the case of antifungal potency, all plant extracts showed important antifungal potency against tested fungi. The MIC and MFC values noted ranged from 110 to 300 mg/ml and 100–300 mg/ml respectively. Citrus aurantium and Myrtus communis were absorbed to have antifungal potency against all test fungi. Citrus aurantium extracts were also found to inhibit the growth of Aspergillus flavus. ConclusionAccording to the results of the present research, a variety of fungal strains and aflatoxins were present in animal feed in numerous parts of Peshawar, Pakistan and different plant extracts can be used in animal feed to reduce this type of contamination.

Effect of Different Concentrations of IBA and Time of Taking Cutting on Propagation of Black and White Myrtle (Myrtus communis L.) Cuttings

This study aimed to evaluate the effect of different time of taking cutting and IBA concentrations on the rooting of Myrtus communis L. White and black myrtle types were used as plant materials. The cuttings were obtained from Batı Akdeniz Agricultural Research Institute (BATEM) collection garden. The effects of 0 (control), 500, 1000, 2000, 4000 and 8000 mg L-1 doses of IBA applications and time of taking cutting (February, March, April and May) on the rooting were investigated. The highest rooting percentage (76.67%) in black myrtle was obtained from cuttings taken in April and applied 1000 mg L-1 IBA, while the lowest rooting (10.00%) was obtained from cuttings applied 500 mg L-1 taken in May. White myrtle was rooted at a lower rate than black myrtle. It was determined that the highest rooting percentage (43.33%), shooting percentage (43.33%), rooted-shooted rates (43.33%) and average root number (1.63 pcs) in the white myrtle were 500 mg L-1 IBA dose in April. In addition, the study showed that the best rooting of white myrtle was in the cuttings taken in April and applied 500 mg L-1 IBA. Based on results, it can be concluded that time of taking cuttings in propagation and different concentration of IBA applications had a different impact on the success of black and white myrtle rooting.

Effect of Shading Ratio, Benzyl Adenine and Organic Fertilizer ( Horti Boost 10) on the Content of Elements and some Chemical Compounds of Myrtle Plants (Myrtus communis L.)

The study was conducted in the fields of the Department of Horticulture and Garden Engineering / College of Agriculture / University of Kirkuk / Shwaro District, located at latitude (35.53°) and longitude (44.38°) for the city of Kirkuk for a period of ten months from June 2021 until April 2022, for seedlings of myrtle plant of the age The seedlings were homogeneous in size and height (2 ± 42 cm), and the study included the effect of three factors on the myrtle plant, the first factor was the percentage of shading (50% inside the wooden canopy and shading with green saran clip 75%), and the second factor was three levels of benzyl growth regulator Adenine at concentrations (0, 35, 70) mg.l-1, by two sprays, the first in October and the second in November, and the third factor was three levels of Horti boost10 organic fertilizer at concentrations (0, 1, 2) ml. Liter-1, the implementation of this study followed the design of randomized complete blocks RCBD with a factorial experiment with three replications and the number of seedlings was (2 x 3 x 3 x 3 x 2 = 108) seedlings. The results were analyzed using the SAS program and the averages were compared using the test Duncan’s polynomial at the 5% probability level, and the results showed that the effect of shading ratio at the intensity was 50% It led to a significant increase in the leaves content of nitrogen 2.76%, potassium 1.95%, protein 1.55%, respectively, and there were no significant differences between the averages when using benzyl adenine at different concentrations in the experiment. And when spraying with organic fertilizer, a significant increase was observed in most of the chemical elements, where the spraying at a concentration of 2 ml.l-1 was significantly superior to the leaf content of nitrogen, phosphorous, potassium, protein, and carbohydrate (3.18%, 0.134%, 1.93%, 1.80%, and 10.60 %) Straight.

Effects of Dietary Sage, Myrtle and/or Probiotic Mixture on Growth, Intestinal Health, Antioxidant Capacity, and Diseases Resistance of Oncorhynchus mykiss

It is widely known that the use of medicinal plants and probiotics as feed additives has a positive effect on growth, non-specific immune system, and resistance to diseases in aquaculture. This study examines the effects of dietary supplementation with sage (Salvia officinalis) and myrtle (Myrtus communis), alone or in combination with a probiotic mixture (PM) on growth, intestine microflora and histology, some antioxidant enzymes activities in the muscle tissues of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) and disease resistance against Vibrio anguillarum. For this purpose, fish were fed with a control diet of 1% sage, 1% myrtle, 1.1% probiotic mixture, 1% sage +1.1% PM and 1% myrtle+1.1% PM supplemented diets for 60 days. At the end of the trial, the fish fed the diets supplemented with myrtle and sage + PM showed a positive effect on feed conversion ratio. According to the histological assessment, the villi length, villi width and goblet cell numbers in the intestines of fish in all groups increased compared to the control. Superoxide dismutase activity in the muscles of fish in the PM group was higher than the fish in the other groups (p&amp;lt;0.05). The malondialdehyde activity was unaffected with the exception of the fish in the sage group (p&amp;lt;0.05). The lactic acid bacteria count in the intestines increased in fish fed the sage + PM (p&amp;lt;0.05). Fish fed the diets supplemented with sage + probiotic mixture, probiotic mixture, myrtle + probiotic mixture, and myrtle saw a significant reduction in mortality (0-32.5%) due to V. anguillarum compared to the control (63.2%) (p&amp;lt;0.05). In conclusion, the use of probiotics, sage and myrtle in combination as a feed supplement showed a positive effect on the growth performance, intestinal microflora and histology, and antioxidant enzymes activities and disease resistance in rainbow trout.

Antioxidant Activity and Inhibition of Digestive Enzymes of New Strawberry Tree Fruit/Apple Smoothies.

In this study, original smoothies obtained with strawberry tree fruit puree and apple juice enriched with Diospyros kaki fruits, Myrtus communis purple berry extract, Acca sellowiana, and Crocus sativus petal juice were evaluated for their antioxidant activity and inhibition of targeted digestive enzymes. Values of CUPRAC, FRAP, ORAC, DPPH•, and ABTS•+ assays generally increased with plant enrichment, particularly for A. sellowiana addition (ABTS•+ 2.51 ± 0.01 mmol Trolox/100 g fw). The same trend was observed regarding the ability to scavenge reactive oxygen species (ROS) tested in Caco-2 cell cultures. Inhibitory activity on α-amylase and α-glucosidase was increased by D. kaki, M. communis, and A. sellowiana. Total polyphenols evaluated by UPLC-PDA analysis ranged between 535.75 ± 3.11 and 635.96 ± 5.21 mg/100 g fw, and A. sellowiana provided the higher amount. Flavan-3-ols accounted for more than 70% of phenolic compounds, and only smoothies enriched with C. sativus showed a high amount of anthocyanins (25.12 ± 0.18 mg/100 g fw). The outcome of this study indicates these original smoothies as a possible ally in counteracting oxidative stress, as established by their favourable antioxidant compound profile, thus suggesting an interesting future application as nutraceuticals.

The optimization of direct enrichment of soybean oil with myrtle seed bioactive compounds using ultrasonic assisted extraction

This study aimed to optimize Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction (UAE) parameters to enrich soybean oil with Myrtus communis L. (myrtle) seeds powder. The effect of the temperature and sonication time on antioxidant contents, namely total phenolics, total carotenoids, total chlorophylls and also on the antioxidant capacity was studied. The resulted optimized conditions were a temperature of 30 °C during 32.5 min and through their use, the experimental values for total phenolics, carotenoids, and chlorophylls were 103.09 ± 7.22, 1.96 ± 0.90 and, 1.88 ± 3.97 mg/kg oil, respectively. These values were very close to the predicted ones, which were 94.45 ± 10.13, 1.52 ± 0.12, and 1.57 ± 0.84 mg/kg oil, respectively. The results of the antioxidant capacity of the oil extracts indicated that the enriched oil using UAE appeared to be more potent than the control. Hence, myrtle seeds presented high amounts of bioactive compounds with antioxidant activity and were appropriate for soybean oil enrichment by UAE.

Phytochemical studies and in vitro evaluation of the antioxidant activity of some medicinal and aromatic plants from Morocco

The present work was carried out to evaluate the phenolic compounds and the antioxidant activities of some solvent extract (methanol, hydroethanol and aqueous) of several Moroccan medicinal plants known for their high antioxidant properties. The extracts were obtained by sonication, then, the total phenolics and flavonoids compounds were determined using Folin-Ciocalteu and Aluminium chloride. Afterwards, the Total Antioxidant Capacity and DPPH scavenging methods were performed. Results of phytochemical analysis showed that the total phenolics content were the highest in the hydroethanolic extract of Arbutus unedo with 160.76 mg GAE g-1DM, and the flavonoids content were the highest for the hydroethanolic extracts of Inula viscosa with 489.77 mg QE g-1 DM. Also, it can be noted that Arbutus unedo, Argania spinosa, and Myrtus communis exhibited the most potent antioxidant activity respectively with 0.026; 0.043; 0.036 mg ml-1.

The Leaf Essential Oil of Myrtus communis subsp. tarentina (L.) Nyman: From Phytochemical Characterization to Cytotoxic and Antimigratory Activity in Human Prostate Cancer Cells.

The aim of this study was to investigate the chemical profile and the cytotoxic activity in two castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) cell lines of the leaf essential oil in Myrtus communis subsp. tarentina (L.) Nyman (EO MT), which was cultivated at the Ghirardi Botanical Garden (Toscolano Maderno, Brescia, Italy). The leaves were air-dried and extracted by hydrodistillation with a Clevenger-type apparatus, and the EO profile was characterized by GC/MS. For the cytotoxic activity investigation, we analyzed the cell viability by MTT assay, and the apoptosis induction by Annexin V/propidium iodide assay/Western blot analysis of cleaved caspase 3 and cleaved PARP proteins. Moreover, the cellular migration was analyzed by Boyden's chamber assay and the distribution of actin cytoskeleton filaments by immunofluorescence. We identified 29 total compounds; the main compound classes were oxygenated monoterpenes, monoterpene hydrocarbons, and sesquiterpenes. The main constituents were α-pinene, α-humulene, α-terpineol, durohydroquinon, linalool, geranyl acetate, and β-caryophyllene. We found that EO MT was able to reduce cellular viability, activating an apoptotic process, and to decrease the migratory capacity of CRPC cells. These results suggest that it might be interesting to further investigate the effects of single compounds present in EO MT for their possible use in prostate cancer treatment.

A facile one-step green hydrothermal synthesis of paramagnetic Fe3O4 nanoparticles with highly efficient dye removal

BackgroundThe aim of this study was the characterization of hydrothermal green synthesized Fe3O4 nanoparticles, as an attractive metal oxide with paramagnetic properties, mediated with Myrtus communis (myrtle) extract. MethodThe effect of myrtle extract and iron sulfate concentration were assessed on the properties of synthesized nanoparticles. Also, the nanoparticles were synthesized without extract to evaluate the extract effect on the reaction. Significant findingsThe obtained results of X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), and energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) were in good agreement with each other. The spherical, cubic, and polygonal shapes were created in the chemical method and monodispersed spheres were only observed in green synthesis at all precursor concentrations. The maximum saturation magnetization (Ms) values were obtained about 41 emu.g−1 and 91 emu.g−1 for green and chemically synthesized Fe3O4 nanoparticles, respectively. In addition, green synthesized Fe3O4 nanoparticles indicated high removal capacity for cationic methylene blue (MB), as well as anionic Congo red (CR) dyes compared with chemically synthesized Fe3O4 nanoparticles. The maximum of adsorbed dye per unit mass of adsorbent was 18 mg.g−1 for both dyes. The excellent adsorption capacity, paramagnetic properties, and uniform shape make the green Fe3O4 nanoparticles as an attractive adsorbent.

Potential of essential oils for protection of Couscous against Aspergillus flavus and aflatoxin B1 contamination

Our study was aimed to evaluate antifungal, antiaflatoxin, and antioxidant potential of Mentha pulegium, Myrtus communis, and Mentha piperita essential oils (EOs). The EOs showed efficacy as a couscous preservative. A total of 387 fungal species were isolated from Couscous samples, with Aspergillus flavus BN (20) which is identified as the highest aflatoxin producer. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of M. pulegium and M. communis EOs against the toxigenic strain of A. flavus BN (20) determined to be 4.00 μL/mL, whereas the MIC of M. piperita was 3.50 μL/mL. The EOs inhibited the aflatoxin B 1 production at lower concentrations. The EOs showed fungitoxicity against wide-ranging of fungi and high antioxidant activity. The IC 50 value of the oils ranged between 3.27 and 4.31 μL/mL. EOs may be able to contribute preservation of food commodities against quantitative and qualitative losses. During fumigation assays in Algerian traditional food system (Couscous), the three EOs showed protection of Couscous from A. flavus contamination indicating their efficacy as sustainable fumigant in food systems. • 1.-Antifungal, antiaflatoxin, and antioxidant potential of essential oils (EOs) was studied. • 2.-The EOs inhibited the aflatoxin B 1 production at lower concentrations. • 3.-EOs showed fungitoxicity against a broad spectrum of fungi and strong antioxidant activity. • 4.-EOs may be able to provide protection of food commodities against losses. • 5.- EOs showed protection of couscous from A. flavus contamination.

Generation of Highly Antioxidant Submicron Particles from Myrtus communis Leaf Extract by Supercritical Antisolvent Extraction Process

Submicron particles have been produced from an ethanolic extract of Myrtus communnis leaves using supercritical carbon dioxide technology, hereinafter referred to as Supercritical Antisolvent Extraction (SAE). The influence of pressure (9-20 MPa), temperature (308 and 328 K) and injection rate (3 and 8 mL/min) on the particles' precipitation has been investigated, and it has been confirmed that increases in pressure and temperature led to smaller particle sizes. The obtained particles had a quasi-spherical shape with sizes ranging from 0.42 to 1.32 μm. Moreover, the bioactivity of the generated particles was assessed and large contents of phenolic compounds with a high antioxidant activity were measured. The particles were also subjected to in vitro studies against oxidative stress. The myrtle particles demonstrated cytoprotective properties when applied at low concentrations (1 μM) to macrophage cell lines.

An intelligent biosensing procedure based on three-way calibrations and generation of second-order hydrodynamic square wave voltammetric data for detection of DNA damage and simultaneous biosensing of three polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons

In this work, we have generated second-order hydrodynamic square wave voltammetric (HSWV) data and analyzed them by multivariate curve resolution-alternating least squares (MCR-ALS) for simultaneous determination of the rates of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) damages induced by benzo(a)pyrene (BP), dibenzo(a,e)pyrene (DBP) and indeno(1,2,3-cd)pyrene (IP). A thick-film boron doped diamond electrode (TFBDDE) was used as the platform of the biosensor, and it was modified by graphene (GR), cobalt nanoparticles (Co NPs), horseradish peroxidase (HRP), and DNA. The double stranded DNA and HRP were immobilized onto the surface of Co NPs/GR/TFBDDE by the use of nafion. The HRP in the presence of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) can mimic enzymatic effects of cytochrome P450 (CP450) to metabolize BP, DBP, and IP to cause DNA damage. The HSWV responses of DNA-HRP/Co NPs/GR/TFBDDE to BP, DBP, and IP were individually calibrated to obtain individual rates of DNA damages induced by BP, DBP, and IP. Then, the second-order HSWV data were generated and modeled by parallel factor analysis2 (PARAFAC2), MCR-ALS, multi-way partial least squares/residual bilinearization (N-PLS/RBL), and unfolded partial least squares/residual bilinearization (U-PLS/RBL) to choose the best second-order calibration model for simultaneous determination of rates of DNA damages induced by BP, DBP and IP. The biosensor assisted by MCR-ALS showed the best performance among the mentioned algorithms, and it was expanded to simultaneous determination of BP, DBP and IP whose performance was compared by the biosensor assisted by amperometric data as well. Interestingly, the biosensor assisted by amperometric data and RBF-PLS showed a better performance in simultaneous determination of BP, DBP and IP. The biosensor assisted by amperometric data and RBF-PLS was successful in simultaneous determination of BP, DBP and IP in wastewater samples as real matrices. Protective effects of the Myrtus communis L extract against DNA damage was also investigated, and our records confirmed antioxidant effects of Myrtus communis L extract against DNA damage.

Comparative Study on the Essential Oils Extracted from Tunisian Rosemary and Myrtle: Chemical Profiles, Quality, and Antimicrobial Activities.

Rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis L.) and myrtle (Myrtus communis L.) are perennial herbs, typical of the Tunisian flora, with an intense aromatic flavor. Their essential oils, obtained by hydro-distillation, were analyzed by gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry and by infrared Fourier transform spectrometry. In addition, these oils were assessed for their physicochemical properties as well as their antioxidant and antibacterial activities. The physicochemical characterization proved to be of good quality by analyzing pH, water content (%), density at 15 °C (g/cm3), and iodine values according to standard test methods. The study of the chemical composition allowed for the identification of 1,8-cineole (30%) and α-pinene (40.4%) as the main constituents of myrtle essential oil, while 1,8-cineole (37%), camphor (12.5%), and α-pinene (11.6%) were identified as principal components in rosemary essential oil. The evaluation of their antioxidant activities permitted to obtain the IC50 values, which ranged between 22.3 and 44.7 μg/mL for DPPH and between 15.52 and 28.59 μg/mL for ferrous chelating assay, for rosemary and myrtle essential oils, respectively, thus indicating that rosemary essential oil is the most effective antioxidant. Furthermore, the antibacterial activity of the essential oils was tested in vitro against eight bacterial strains by the disc diffusion method. The essential oils showed antibacterial effects on both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria.

Change in Cutibacterium acnes phylotype abundance and improvement of clinical parameters using a new dermocosmetic product containing Myrtus communis and Celastrol enriched plant cell culture extracts in patients with acne vulgaris.

Acne is a multifactorial chronic inflammatory disease of the pilosebaceous unit, where Cutibacterium acnes plays a main role. Recent papers demonstrated that specific C.acnes phylotypes were correlated with the severity of inflammatory acne and reported a specific loss of C.acnes phylotype diversity in this context. The aim of this exploratory study was to evaluate the efficacy of a new dermocosmetic product containing Myrtus communis and Celastrol-enriched plant cell culture extracts on C.acnes phylotype abundance and clinical parameters in subjects with mild to moderate acne vulgaris. Cutibacterium acnes phylotype diversity was evaluated by single-locus sequence typing sequencing on the nonlesional areas of the forehead, that is, areas excluding inflammatory lesions (papules and pustules) on day 1 (D1) and after 56 days (D57) of twice daily application of the dermocosmetic product on the whole face. Clinical efficacy on acne was also assessed by acne lesion counting and Global Evaluation Acne (GEA) score on D1 and D57. Our study confirmed the link between the presence of some C.acnes phylotypes and acne severity. The dermocosmetic cream was linked to a positive impact on C.acnes phylotypes: a significant decrease in pro-pathogen phylotype IC and increase in nonpathogen phylotype IB were observed in the nonlesional areas of acne on D57 compared to D1. In parallel, the clinical results showed a significant decrease in inflammatory and comedonal acne lesions and a significant improvement in the acne severity according to the GEA score. This study showed that the application of a new dermocosmetic product containing M.communis and Celastrol-enriched plant cell culture extracts was linked to a change in the C.acnes phylotype abundance and an improvement in acne severity.

Myrtus communis and Celastrol enriched plant cell culture extracts control together the pivotal role of Cutibacterium acnes and inflammatory pathways in acne.

Acne is a multifactorial inflammatory disease of the pilosebaceous unit in which Cutibacterium acnes is one of the main triggers. A strong predominance of C.acnes phylotype IA1 is present in acne skin with higher biofilm organization and virulence, promoting local immuno-inflammation, especially the Th17 pathway. We evaluated the single and combined pharmacological properties of the plant extracts, Myrtus communis (Myrtacine®) and Celastrol enriched plant cell culture (CEE) extracts on the C.acnes/Th17 pathway. The effect of Myrtacine® on the virulence of C.acnes phylotype IA1 was quantified according to the expression of several related genes. The activity of Myrtacine® and CEE on the inflammatory cascade was assessed using monocytes-derived dendritic cells (Mo-DC) stimulated with membranes or biofilms of the C.acnes phylotype IA1. Finally, the effect of CEE on the Th17 pathway was studied using C.acnes stimulated sebocyte 2D cultures and 3D skin tissue models containing preactivated Th17 cells. Myrtacine® had an anti-virulence effect, evident as a significant and strong inhibition of the expression of several virulence factor genes by 60%-95% compared to untreated controls. Myrtacine® and CEE significantly inhibited proinflammatory cytokine (IL-6, IL-8, IL-12p40 and TNF-α) production by Mo-DC in response to C.acnes phylotype IA1. Interestingly, these two ingredients resulted in synergistic inhibition of most cytokines when used in combination. Finally, we demonstrated an inhibitory effect of CEE, in solution or formulated at 0.3%, specifically on IL-17 release by Th17 lymphocytes in a C.acnes-stimulated sebocyte 2D cultures and by Th17-lymphocytes integrated in a 3D skin models. 2D and 3D models were developed to represent relevant and specific pathways involved in acne. Myrtacine® and CEE were shown to alter one or more of these pathways, indicating their potential beneficial effects on this disease.

The usefulness of a dermocosmetic containing Myrtus communis extract and azelaic acid for maintenance phase of adult female acne: Results from a randomized exploratory investigator-blinded comparative study.

Acne is a very common condition. Currently, there are relatively few studies available to help guidance-based decisions for its long-term management, especially studies with cosmetic care products. We have developed a skin care product dedicated to adult female acne. Evaluate the efficacy and tolerance of the test product containing Myrtus communis extract and azelaic acid compared with a light moisturizing cream (LCM) in adult females in the acne maintenance phase. A clinical study was conducted as a Brazilian, multicentre, randomized, investigator-blinded trial in adult females with clear or almost clear facial acne after anti-acne treatment. The test group (26 subjects) applied the test product and the comparative product group (27 subjects) applied LCM. Both groups applied the products twice daily on the whole face. Subjects were evaluated every 4 weeks over 16 weeks. Efficacy was evaluated according to acne relapse; Investigator's Global Assessment (IGA); acne lesions counting; AcneQoL questionnaire; Subject Global change Assessment (SGA) of acne severity; and the number of Post-Inflammatory Hyperpigmentation (PIH) and Post-Inflammatory Erythema (PIE) lesions. Tolerance was assessed according to a 5-point scale. Over 16 weeks, the number of acne relapse was more than double in the comparator compared to the test product group (eight subjects vs. three subjects respectively). There was no statistical difference in the evolution of the mean IGA from baseline between the two groups; however, 85% of subjects were assessed as clear or almost clear in the test product group and 67% in the comparative group. This study demonstrated the effectiveness topical application of the test product compared to LCM on acne severity in the maintenance phase of adult female acne. Efficacy results after 16 weeks suggested a trend to limit acne relapses and a benefit of the test product in maintaining long-term remission.