Myroides Species Research Articles

Myroides species, pathogenic spectrum and clinical microbiology sight in Mexican isolates.

Myroides is a bacterial genus of opportunistic bacteria responsible for diverse infections including in the skin and soft tissues, urinary tract, cardiovascular system, and bacteremia, although the incidence of its reported infections is low, it is increasing, likely due the use of better bacterial identification methods, but also perhaps due an increase in its prevalence. In addition, their pathogenic role is limited in terms of reporting their microbial physiology, so the present work provides information in this regard in addition to the information that is available in the international literature. To describe the microbiological and genetic characteristics of seven different Myroides spp. clinical strains and comment on their phylum, pathogenic and resistance characteristics. Seven Myroides spp., strains associated with infections were included from 1/January/2012 to 1/January/20 and identified by miniaturized biochemistry and MALDI-ToF. Susceptibility tests were performed according to CLSI recommendations by broth microdilution. Whole genome sequencing was performed for each strain and bioinformatics analysis were performed. Strains were identified at genus level by two methodologies. Our results revealed that likely four strains belong to the species Myroides odoratimimus, while the other two may be undescribed ones. Remarkably, all isolates harbored several genes encoding antibiotic resistance determinants for ß-lactams, aminoglycosides and glycopeptides and in concordance, presented high levels of resistance, against these antibiotics (AK and GN both 100%, ATM, CAZ and FEP 100%, e.g.); moreover, the presences of carbapenemases were evidenced by meropenem (mCIM) and imipenem (CARBA NP) degrading activity in six isolates and two strains possessed plasmids harboring mainly ribosomal RNA genes, tRNAs and genes encoding proteins with unknown functions. Our study increases the knowledge about the biology of this understudied genus and highlights the potential of Myroides to emerge as a broader cause of recalcitrant opportunistic infections.

A Retrospective Study on UTI by Myroides Species: An Emerging Drug Resistant Nosocomial Pathogen.

Myroides (M.) species are ubiquitous in the environment and cause a variety of infections like urinary tract infections (UTI), sepsis, meningitis, cholecystitis, pneumonia, and soft tissue infections, especially among immunocompromised populations. These are usually resistant to multiple antibiotics. This study aimed to demonstrate the clinical profile, underlying comorbidities, and antimicrobial susceptibility of Myroides isolates obtained from nosocomial UTI cases. A sudden rise in the isolation of Myroides spp. from the repeated urine samples of admitted patients alerted us to conduct this retrospective observational study. Urine cultures that grew M. species were included in this study. Antibiotic susceptibility was performed and the patient's clinical data was analyzed. A total of 14 Myroides spp. isolates were obtained from urine culture. The maximum number of cases (71.4%) were from the Nephrology ward and ICUs. The average (mean) age of patients was 46 years (range 2-80 years). All patients were catheterized. All isolates were multidrug resistant. Minocycline and doxycycline were the only drugs found effective in this study. Myroides species are emerging rare pathogens that can cause UTI in immunocompromised and catheterized patients. Minocycline may be used for treating such infections. Sahu C, Chaudhary R, Bhartiya C, Patel SS, Bhatnagar N. A Retrospective Study on UTI by Myroides Species: An Emerging Drug Resistant Nosocomial Pathogen. Indian J Crit Care Med 2024;28(4):399-403.

FIVE YEARS OF PARTULA SNAIL PRE-EXPORT HEALTH SCREENING.

Between 2015 and 2019, a health screening was carried out annually on captive-bred Partula snails prior to export for reintroduction as part of an international effort to repopulate areas of French Polynesia, where the snails were extinct or critically endangered. In total, 129 separate tank populations of 12 different species were screened at ZSL London Zoo. Wet mounts and smears stained with modified Ziehl-Neelsen (MZN) of 535 fecal samples were examined, and 45% contained flagellated protozoa, and 35.5% had MZN-positive oocysts, measuring 3-5 µm in diameter. Smaller (2 µm) presumptive spores, MZN-positive bacilli, ciliated protozoa and nematodes were recorded less frequently. Fecal bacterial culture yielded mixed species, with a clear predominance of Myroides species (88.9% of samples). The MZN-positive oocysts (3-5 µm) were present in 6.5% of impression smears from the apices of 432 snails examined postmortem, plus acid-fast bacilli in a few cases, but no 2 µm spores. Mixed bacteria were cultured from coelomic swabs, with Myroides species again the most common (63.5%). Histologic examination was carried out on 292 snails. Autolysis affected almost 90% of those found dead but only 3.4% of euthanized snails. Histology commonly identified microsporidial sporocysts in the digestive gland and midgut epithelium of all but two species. Intracellular, extracytoplasmic Cryptosporidium-like organisms were also common in the midgut but were only observed when snails were fixed in 10% formalin (2017-2019), not ethanol. There were no clear pathologic changes associated with either organism. Pigmented hemocytic nodules were commonly observed, most frequently in the foot process; these were either age related or evidence of prior chronic inflammatory reaction and of low clinical significance. With no evidence of poor health and no significant organisms found, a total of 4,978 individuals representing 12 species were exported for reintroduction.

Myroides odoratimimus: a New Threat with Persistent Infections, Multidrug Resistance, and the Potential for Hospital Outbreaks.

Myroides species have recently been reported more frequently in outbreaks in clinics and intensive care units (ICUs). In this study, we aimed to investigate the epidemic potential, antibiotic resistance profile, and risk factors of M. odoratimimus isolates that are increasingly being isolated from the ICUs of our hospital. Data from patients whose Myroides spp. were isolated from their clinical specimens over a 5-year period (September 2016 to January 2022) were retrospectively analyzed. Bacterial identification was performed using a matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS). The presence of antibiotic resistance genes was analyzed using polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Possible clonal associations between isolates were investigated using enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus (ERIC)-PCR. As a result, 66 isolates were identified as M. odoratimimus and one isolate was identified as M. odoratus. The blaMUS resistance gene was detected in all M. odoratimimus isolates, whereas sul2 was detected in ten isolates and tetX was detected in 11 isolates. No other resistance genes, such as blaTUS, were detected. Additionally, two different clonal association patterns were discovered in the 24 selected isolates through the ERIC-PCR method. The increase in the immunosuppressive patient population indicate the possibility of encountering this agent and other opportunistic pathogens more frequently in the future.

Paenimyroides aestuarii gen. nov. sp. nov., a novel bacterium isolated from sediment in the Pearl River Estuary and reclassification of five Flavobacterium and four Myroides species.

An aerobic, Gram-negative, non-motile, yellow-to-orange pigmented and round bacterium, designated strain SCSIO 72103T, was isolated from sediment collected in the Pearl River Estuary, Guangdong Province, PR China and subjected to a polyphasic taxonomic study. Growth occurred at 20-37 °C (optimum, 28 °C), pH 6-8 (optimum, pH 7) and with 1-5.5% NaCl (optimum, 1-3 %). Comparative 16S rRNA gene analysis indicated that strain SCSIO 72103T had the highest similarities to Flavobacterium baculatum SNL9T (94.7 %) and Myroides aquimaris SW105T (94.2 %). Phylogenetic analysis based 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain SCSIO 72103T formed a single clade with M. aquimaris SW105T. Strain SCSIO 72103T contained iso-C15 : 0 as the major fatty acid and the predominant respiratory quinone was menaquinone MK-6. These characteristics are consistent with those of F. baculatum SNL9T and M. aquimaris SW105T. Phosphatidylethanolamine, most notably, unidentified aminolipid and unidentified aminophospholipid were major polar lipids. Strain SCSIO 72103T had a single circular chromosome of 2.96 Mb with a DNA G+C content of 35.1 mol%. The average nucleotide identity, average amino acid identity (AAI) and digital DNA-DNA hybridization values showed that the pairwise similarities between SCSIO 72103T and the type strains of F. baculatum SNL9T and M. aquimaris SW105T were 78.5-80.5 %, 79.0-81.4 % and 22.7-22.8 %, respectively. The AAI values between species in this clade and the type species of Flavobacterium and Myroides were below the 65 % threshold, indicating that these species belong to a novel genus. On the basis of phylogenetic, physiological and chemotaxonomic characteristics, strain SCSIO 72103T represents a new species of a novel genus, for which the name Paenimyroides aestuarii gen. nov. sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is SCSIO 72103T (=KCTC 92043T=MCCC 1K06659T). It is also proposed that nine known species in the genera Flavobacterium and Myroides are reclassified as Paenimyroides species.

Evaluation of the Approaches Adopted by the Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology Specialists and Medical Microbiology Specialists in the Case of Myroides spp. Growth in Urine Culture: A Survey Study

Myroides species are bacteria that, although rare, can cause a variety of serious infections, including urinary tract infections, and are often resistant to antibiotics. There are no studies on the knowledge and attitudes of specialists regarding Myroides spp. growth in culture in literature. In our study, the survey forms created with Google Forms (Google LLC, CA, USA) were shared in the e-mail groups of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology (IDCM) and Medical Microbiology (MM) specialties via electronic communication system. The results were evaluated statistically. 92 IDCM specialists and 75 MM specialists participated in the study. It was found that 48.9% of IDCM specialists and 20% of MM specialists have never seen Myroides spp. growth in a urine sample, and 32.6% of IDCM specialists and 14.9% of MM specialists still use the old name Flavobacterium for Myroides spp. (28.8% of MM specialists do not know that the name Flavobacterium is changed), and 45% of MM specialists who had previously seen Myroides spp. growth were able to recognize the Myroides spp. colony visually, and 53.3% of MM specialists who had previously seen Myroides spp. growth routinely performed antibiograms in case of Myroides spp. growth in urine culture, and 32.6% of IDCM specialists requested typing and sensitivity testing in case of Myroides spp. growth in urine culture, and 31.9% of IDCM specialists who had previously seen Myroides spp. growth considered Myroides spp. growth as a causative agent of infection in the presence of pyuria in urine, while 36.2% always considered it as colonization/contamination, and 61.7% of IDCM specialists only changed the catheter without giving antibiotics when they considered Myroides spp. as a causative agent of infection, while 21.3% gave antibiotics according to the antibiogram result. As a conclusion; our study is the first study in the world to investigate the knowledge and attitudes of infectious disease specialists and medical microbiologists about Myroides spp. growth in urine culture. The findings of our study showed particularly that approximately half of the IDCM specialists had not seen Myroides spp. growth in urine culture and that some of the specialists may have a low level of knowledge about Myroides spp.. Additionally, among the specialists participating in the study, it was shown that attitudes and approaches in the case of Myroides spp. growth in urine were not directly related to the hospital that they worked and their years of experience in specialty. Our findings suggest that MM and IDCM specialists need an update of their knowledge on Myroides spp.

In vitro Antibacterial Potency of Leaf Extract of Moringa oleifera against NFGNB Isolated from UTI Patients and their Plasmid Profiling

Non-fermenting gram-negative bacteria (NFGNB) endeavouring as major pathogen in infectious disease, predominantly in urinary tract infection (UTI) and increased resistance in NFGNB are matter of concern. This study aimed to evaluate the frequency of NFGNB, antibiotics resistance pattern, plasmid profiling, and antibacterial efficacy of Moringa oleifera against NFGNB. NFGNB were isolated from clinically suspected UTI patients. Identification of isolates and their antibiotics sensitivity pattern were analyzed according to conventional method, and Vitek 2 automated system. Moreover, NFGNB were evaluated for biofilm production and presence of plasmid. Furthermore, antibacterial activity of Moringa oleifera was evaluated against NFGNB. P. aeruginosa (86.0%), and A. baumannii (10.0%) were the most frequent NFGNB followed by Providencia rettgeri 2.0%, Stenotrophomonas maltophilia 1.0%, myroides species 1.0%. 68.6% P. aeruginosa and 60.0% A. baumannii were biofilm producers whereas imipenem and meropenem were the most effective antibiotics. Isolated NFGNB showed multiple bands of plasmid. Furthermore, Moringa oleifera leaves extract showed antibacterial activity against tested NFGNB. MDR-NFGNB presents challenges in treatment and Moringa oleifera leaf extract may be used as an alternative medicine. However, the therapeutic role of specific ingredients present in extract needs further investigation and purification.

Urinary Tract Infection in an Immunocompromised ICU Patient by Myroides Species: A Multidrug-resistant Microorganism

Urinary Tract Infection in an Immunocompromised ICU Patient by Myroides Species: A Multidrug-resistant Microorganism

Isolation and Characterization of Bacteria Present in the Gut of Dead Females Glossina morsitan Submorsitans Using Culture Dependent and Independent Methods

This study aimed to isolate and characterize bacteria present in the gut of death female Glossina morsitan submorsitans using culture dependent and independent methods. Thirty-four fresh dead female flies were obtained from the insectary of Nigerian Institute for Trypanosomiasis Research (NITR), Kaduna. The flies were surface sterilized and the mid-guts were dissected under aseptic conditions. The gut bacterial cultures were done for pregnant and non-pregnant dead female flies (6weeks- 15weeks old) a total of 20 isolates. The culture dependent methods identified six bacterial genera namely, Serratia species, Staphylococcus species, Escherichia species, Myroides species, Providencia species and Alkaligenes species. Molecular analysis only identified four (4) out of the six (6) isolates; as 4(50%) Serratia mercesens, 1(12.5%) Alcaligenes faecalis, 2(25%) Myroides odoratimus and 1(12.5%) Providencia. This is not surprising because the microorganisms were not included in the targeted spectrum of the Polymerase Chain Reaction. Our study recorded for the first time the presence of Myroides odoratimus in the gut of G. M. submorsitans in Nigeria. Some of these bacteria are pathogenic to the flies and may be the cause of mortality of laboratory reared flies. We recommend intensive research on tse tse gut bacterial flora to give insight into their use as potential vector bio-control tool.

Nano-silver treatment reduces bacterial proliferation and stem bending in cut gerbera flowers: An in vitro and in vivo evaluation

Stem bending during vase time is a major problem in many cultivars of cut gerbera flowers. In this study, we focused on the involvement of postharvest bacteria and evaluated the efficacy of nano-silver (NS) in reducing bacterial proliferation and stem bending in cut gerbera ‘Real’ flowers in vitro and in vivo. Four species of dominant bacteria, Pseudomonas sp., Acinetobacter junii, Bacillus stearothermophilus, and Myroides sp., were isolated from the stem ends of cut gerberas. Exogenous addition of 3–5 log10 colony forming units (CFU) mL−1 of each bacterial species resulted in a sharp reduction in vase life, relative fresh weight, and water uptake of cut gerbera flowers. However, Pseudomonas sp. had little impact on their vase life and ornamental quality at concentrations of 3–4 log10 CFU mL−1. In vitro assessments showed that the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of NS for both A. junii and Myroides sp. were 2.5 mg L−1, and NS MICs for B. stearothermophilus and Pseudomonas sp. were 5 and 7.5 mg L−1, respectively. Additionally, compared with the control, pretreatment with 5 and 10 mg L−1 NS for 24 h nearly doubled the vase life of cut gerberas, maintained their relative fresh weight, and improved water uptake. Furthermore, scanning electron microscopy revealed that the NS pretreatment reduced bacterial colonization on the stem ends. Overall, our findings indicate that all four genera of dominant bacterial species isolated from the stem ends of cut gerberas are involved in stem bending, and NS pretreatment effectively alleviated bacteria-induced xylem blockage and improved water uptake, thereby reducing the incidence of stem bending and extending the vase life of cut gerberas.

Myroides cellulitis and bacteremia: A case report

Formerly classified under the genus Flavobacterium, Myroides species are common gram-negative, environmental bacterium ubiquitous in soil and water. While infrequent, infections of human hosts can result in devastating consequences due the bacteria’s intrinsic multidrug resistance, particularly in those who are immunocompromised. The pathogenicity and mechanisms for resistance remain poorly understood at this time. The case presented in this report details Myroides bacteremia secondary to a soft tissue infection of the lower extremities and adds to the 60 documented infections to date, of which 15 were also characterized by a similar infection.

Myroides Odoratum Osteomyelitis In A Diabetic Patient: Case Report And Review On A Rare Pathogen

Given the multi-drug resistance pattern and general unfamiliarity of the gram-negative bacillus known as Myroides species, this report focuses on a rare presentation with emphasis on drug resistance and pathogenesis. With only 48 reported cases of Myroides infection as of 2017, this case presents the first known report of osteomyelitis from Myroides species. The most common reported infections include urinary tract infection, cellulitis, and blood stream infection, all occurring in immunocompromised hosts except for one case of cellulitis following a pig bite in a pediatric patient. Reported cases are to be discussed with respect to incidence, presentation, and proposed mechanisms of resistance such as chromosome-encoded metallo-beta-lactamases, with similarities and differences highlighted between prior reports and this case of osteomyelitis.

Myroides causing Catheter Associated Urinary Tract Infection in Diabetic Patients: An Emerging Multidrug Resistant “Superbug”

Myroidesis a nonfermentative, gram-negative rod shaped bacterium which is an emerging multidrug resistant pathogen causing many serious hospital acquired infections like Catheter Associated Urinary Tract Infection (CAUTI). The authors report a case series (four cases) of CAUTI caused by Myroides species which was resistant to all tested antibiotics (ticarcillin-clavulanic acid, piperacillin-tazobactam, ceftazidime, cefepime, aztreonam, cefoperazonesulbactam, imipenem, meropenem, amikacin, gentamycin ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin, colistin, tigecycline) and sensitive only to minocycline (minimum inhibitory concentration <1 μg/mL), in long-standing Diabetic Mellitus Type II patients. All the four patients were successfully treated with minocycline. Present cases highlight the importance of Myroides as a pathogen in Urinary Tract Infection (UTI) in diabetic patients, especially in nosocomial settings which clinicians should keep in mind.

Association of Myroides odoratimimus in immunocompromized piglets with post weaning multisystemic wasting syndrome.

To study the association of opportunistic infection due to Myroides odoratimimus in piglets immunocompromised by porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) infection. The clinical samples (n=101) were analysed bacteriologically. The isolates were identified by their phenotypes and MALDI TOF-MS analysis as Myroides species. The phylogram constructed based on nucleotide sequences of the 16S rRNA gene showed identity (~99%) with the M. odoratimimus isolates. The minimum inhibitory concentration values for antibiotics revealed M. odoratimimus to be resistant against carbapenem, cephalosporins, aminoglycosides and fluoroquinolones. The presence of PCV2 in affected tissue samples was confirmed by amplification of the 565bp region of ORF2 of the PCV2 genome. The topology of the phylogenetic tree grouped the PCV2 with cluster-2d. PCV2 being immunosuppressive in nature might have impaired the immunity thereby increasing the susceptibility of immunocompromised piglets to opportunistic pathogens such as M. odoratimimus leading to disease severity and high mortality. The M. odoratimimus isolates were found to be multidrug resistant and evidenced for uncertain clinical relevance and hence could act as hidden source of public health hazard. Myroides odoratimimus is a rarely reported human pathogen. We reported the incidence of infection due to seemingly rare isolates of M. odoratimimus causing an outbreak of pneumonia in piglets. This appears, to the best of authors' knowledge, to be the first outbreak due to Myroides recorded in animal clinical cases described in the literature.

Myroides Soft Tissue Infections

Abstract Previously classified as Flavobacterium odoratum, Myroides species, although not regular constituents of the normal endogenous human flora may occasionally cause clinical disease. Most infections follow either exposure to environmental sources or acquired nosocomially often linked to contaminated water. The bulk of nonhealthcare-associated infections involve skin and soft tissues resulting from a traumatic event frequently accompanied by bacteremia. Once considered to be “opportunistic pathogens,” infections with Myroides also occur in immunocompetent individuals. Their unanticipated involvement and inherent multidrug resistance often lead to treatment failures when empiric and practice guideline recommended antimicrobial regimens be administered. However, other than in specific circumstances, it remains in the best interest of “good practice,” antibiotic stewardship efforts, and patient care to adhere to evidence-based guidelines and avoid influences such as the case we present and anecdotal experiences suggesting that broad-spectrum empiric antibiotic prescribing is a prudent practice in the initial treatment of undefined skin and soft tissues.

Antibacterial Activity of <i>Citrus sinensis</i> and <i>Solanum lycopersicum</i> on Wound Isolated from Hospitals in Kaduna Metropolis Kaduna Nigeria

The increasing failure of chemotherapeutics and antibiotic resistance exhibited by pathogenic microbial infectious agents has lead to the screening of several medicinal plants for their potential antimicrobial activity. The medicinal properties shown by different medicinal plants are due to the phytochemicals present in the plant. These phytochemicals are the most vital sources for the treatment of destructive diseases. Different phytochemicals have an extensive range of activities, which helps to enhance the immune system and give resistance against long term disease to protect the body from harmful pathogens. To determine the antibacterial activity of <i>Citrus sinensis</i> and <i>Solanum lycopersicum</i> on wound isolated from Hospitals in Kaduna Metropolis Kaduna Nigeria was the main purpose of this study. Ethanolic and aqueous extracts of powdered <i>C. sinensis</i> peel and fresh fruit of <i>S. lycopersicum</i> were used for the qualitative measurement of various phytochemicals present in these plants. The phytochemical screening of the extracts yielded positive results for carbohydrates, glycosides, cardiac glycosides, saponins, triterpene, tannins, flavonoids and alkaloids. Wound swab samples of patients from five (5) selected hospitals within Kaduna metropolis yielded <i>Bacillus cereus, Myroides Species</i> and <i>Staphylococcus lentus</i>. The <i>Citrus sinensis</i> ethanolic and aqueous extracts as well as the <i>Solanum lycopersicum</i> ethanolic and aqueous extracts demonstrated a broad spectrum antibacterial activity against the three pathogenic bacteria of wound origin. The result of the tests indicate that orange peel ethanolic extract, tomato aqueous extract and tomato ethanolic extract showed the highest inhibition against <i>Bacillus cereus</i> 22mm, 20mm and 15mm respectively while highest inhibition of orange peel aqueous extract 19.5mm was recorded for <i>Myroides spp</i>. Lowest inhibition of tomato aqueous extract and tomato ethanolic extract were recorded for <i>Staphylococcus lentus</i> 15.2mm and 13.17mm respectively. Orange peel ethanolic extract and orange peel aqueous extract did not inhibit the growth of <i>Bacillus cereus</i> and <i>Staphylococcus lentus</i> respectively. Extracts which exhibited high activities against one or several pathogenic wound isolates were further assayed for minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC). The present study concludes that orange peel ethanolic, tomato aqueous and tomato ethanolic extracts showed highest antibacterial activity against the organism <i>Bacillus cereus</i> while orange peel aqueous showed highest antibacterial activity against <i>Myroide spp</i>. and there was a significant difference in the level of inhibition among the organisms isolated.

Myroides Species in a Paediatric Burn Patient

Myroides Species in a Paediatric Burn Patient

Myroides Odoratimimus Bacteremia in a Diabetic Patient

Myroides species are a rare source of human infection. Though not part of the human microbiota, Myroides species are commonly found in the environment. Myroides infections are typically attributed to contact with contaminated water; the most common presentation is in immunocompromised patients. We present a patient with a diabetic foot ulcer who subsequently developed Myroides odoratimimus bacteremia and bone abscess.

Carbapenemase producing bacteria in the food supply escaping detection.

Carbapenem antimicrobials are critically important to human health and they are often the only remaining effective antibiotics for treating serious infections. Resistance to these drugs mediated by acquired carbapenemase enzymes is increasingly encountered in gram-negative bacteria and is considered a public health emergency. Animal origin food products are recognized as a potential source of resistant organisms, although carbapenem resistance has only recently been reported. In western countries there are active resistance surveillance programs targeting food animals and retail meat products. These programs primarily target beef, pork and poultry and focus exclusively on E. coli, Salmonella, Campylobacter spp. and Enterococcus spp. This global surveillance strategy does not capture the diversity of foods available nor does it address the presence of resistance gene-bearing mobile genetic elements in non-pathogenic bacterial taxa. To address this gap, a total of 121 seafood products originating in Asia purchased from retail groceries in Canada were tested. Samples were processed using a taxa-independent method for the selective isolation of carbapenem resistant organisms. Isolates were characterized by phenotypic antimicrobial susceptibility testing, PCR and DNA sequencing. Carbapenemase producing bacteria, all bla OXA-48, were isolated from 4 (3.3%) of the samples tested. Positive samples originated from China (n=2) and Korea (n=2) and included squid, sea squirt, clams and seafood medley. Carbapenemase producing organisms found include Pseudomonas, Stenotrophomonas and Myroides species. These findings suggest that non-pathogenic bacteria, excluded from resistance surveillance programs, in niche market meats may serve as a reservoir of carbapenemase genes in the food supply.

Severe pneumonia due to an atypical organism in an immune-competent patient

Myroides species, formerly classified as Flavobacterium odoratum, is a waterborne pathogen. It is well known to cause infection in immune-compromised patients. Infection by this organism is acquired occupationally or nosocomial via inhalation, ingestion or dermal absorption. Because these organisms are uncommon they may be difficult to identify and treat promptly. We present a case of a young immune-competent fish farm worker who presented with typical pneumonia like symptoms but eventually having an overwhelming inflammatory cascade secondary to an atypical infection by Myroides species.