Mycoflora Of Seeds Research Articles

Detection and Identification of Major Seed Mycoflora Associated with Rice (Oryza sativa L.) Cultivars Grown in Kashmir, India

Worldwide, rice is a significant crop for food production. The main requirement for increased yield and production is high-quality seed. While being exported, seeds and grains have the risk of being associated with pathogenic as well as non-pathogenic microflora. As a result, they are frequently inspected in accordance with phytosanitary laws to stop diseases from spreading into new areas and also to have an impact on the quality of the seeds. Fungal infections that infect rice seeds are regulated by phytosanitary laws and can be identified using several techniques for checking seed health. Therefore, in accordance with the recommendations of International Seed Testing Association (ISTA), stored seeds of seeds of four rice varieties (SR-2, SR-3, SR-4, and SR-5) were studied to investigate the occurrence of seed-associated fungal mycoflora using the blotter paper and agar plate method. In both blotter and agar tests, four fungal species namely as Fusarium oxysporum, Rhizopus stolonifer, Alternaria alternata, and Trichoderma harzianum were isolated from different test varieties of rice. There was 5.667%, 8.333%, 4.333% ,9.667% by blotter test and 7.667%, 11.667%, 6.333%, 12.667% by agar test mycoflora associated with the seeds of SR-2, SR-3, SR-4 and SR-5.

Identification on seed associated mycoflora of sesame genotypes

Seed mycoflora of 165 genotypes of sesame in (AVTs & IVTs) were detected using seed health testing methods viz., paper towel method, standard blotter method, and standard agar plate method and six distinct fungi viz.,Alternaria, Macrophomina, Fusarium, Aspergillus, Penicillium, and Rhizopus spp. were detected. In the three methods employed to identify seed mycoflora the standard blotter method has identified the maximum number of seeds infected by fungi compared to paper towel method and standard agar plate method. After a few days of germination, it was observed that the majority of the seeds were infected with disease, which hampered normal seedling growth and resulted in abnormal and rotted seedlings.

Effect of Essential Oil against Seed Associated Mycoflora of Wheat Seeds

In the present investigation wheat seed samples were collected from farmers of Bihar and mycoflora associated with wheat seed samples were isolated by standard blotter paper and towel paper methods. Mycoflora i.e. Bipolaris sorokiniana, Fusarium moniliforme, Alternaria triticina, Aspergillus sp. and Penicillium sp. were isolated from wheat seed samples. Different essential oils (Citronella, Eucalyptus, Lemon grass, Clove and Neem oil) were tested in-vitro against isolated pathogens from farmers saved wheat seed samples at different concentrations i.e. 100 ppm, 200 ppm and 300 ppm by “poisoned food technique”. Lemongrass oil has shown highest percent inhibition of growth (67.74, 67.74 and 68.81%) among different essential oil tested against Bipolaris sorokiniana at all three concentrations 100, 200 and 300 ppm respectively. Neem oil found highest percent inhibition of growth (67.56, 71.17 and 73.87%) among different essential oils tested against Fusarium moniliforme, Aspergillus sp. (60.60, 67.67 and 67.67%) and Penicillium sp. (38.33, 41.66 and 50%) at all three concentrations 100, 200 and 300 ppm respectively. Eucalyptus oil has shown highest percent inhibition of growth (58.33, 64.58 and 68.75%) among different essential oils tested against Alternaria triticina at all three concentrations 100, 200 and 300 ppm respectively.

Efficacy of Fungicides on Seed Mycoflora of Groundnut at Different Storage Periods

The present study was conducted at Seed Research & Technology Centre, Professor Jayashankar Telangana State Agricultural University, Hyderabad, Telangana, India during January-June, 2016.The efficacy of 7 fungicides viz., captan (0.25%), mancozeb (0.25%), carboxin+thiram (0.3%), carbendazim (0.2%), benomyl (0.2%), tebuconazole (0.1%) and carbendazim+iprodione (0.2%) against seed mycoflora of groundnut at recommended dosages and at different storage periods (immediately after treatment, 1 day after treatment, 1 week after treatment, 2 weeks after treatment, 3 weeks after treatment, 1 month after treatment, 2 months after treatment and 3 months after treatment) were studied using standard blotter method. Treated seeds (of different storage periods) were incubated for 7 days and data on percent seed infection and frequency were recorded. Among the fungicides tested, seed treatment with carboxin+thiram (21.19%) was found significantly superior in reducing the percent seed infection followed by captan (24.00%) and the least effective was carbendazim (71.91%). A total of 13 seedborne fungi belonging to 10 genera viz., Macrophomina phaseolina, Rhizoctonia spp., Rhizopus spp., Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus ochraceus, Aspergillus ustus, Alternaria spp., Fusarium spp., Penicillium spp., Trichoderma spp., Chaetomium spp. and Cladosporium spp. were recovered from untreated and treated seeds at different storage periods. The percent seed infection by different seed mycoflora increased with the increase in storage period. However, there was a gradual decline in field mycoflora viz., Macrophomina phaseolina and Rhizoctonia spp. and gradual increase in storage mycoflora viz., Aspergillus spp., Cladosporium spp., Rhizopus spp., Penicillium spp. etc. found with the increase in storage period.

Evaluation of Bioagents as Seed Treatment on Dominant Seed Mycoflora of Chilli Var. Gvc 111 In Vitro

Study to check the efficacy of seed treatment by bioagents on the seed germination and vigour by inhibiting the most dominant seed mycoflora (A. niger, Colletotrichum sp. and Fusarium sp.) of chilli variety GVC 111 was carried out by paper towel method in vitro. Treatment of seeds with T. harzianum+P. fluorescens (5+6g/kg seeds) and P. fluorescens (6g/kg seeds) found effective in seeds pretreated with A. niger, while T. harzianum+P. fluorescens (5+6g/kg seeds) and P. fluorescens+B. subtilis (6+6g/kg seeds) found effective in seeds pretreated with Colletotrichum sp. and P. fluorescens+B. subtilis (6+6g/kg seeds) and T. viride+P. fluorescens (5+6g/kg seeds) found effective in seeds pretreated with Fusarium sp. However, overall results indicated that seed treatment with P. fluorescens+B. subtilis @ 6g + 6g/kg seeds and T. harzianum+P. fluorescens @ 5g + 6g/kg seeds proved very effective with higher seed germination, seedling length and vigour index in all pretreated seed mycoflora i.e, A. niger. Colletotrichum sp. and Fusarium sp.

Effect of Medicinal Plants and Antagonistson Seed Mycoflora,Seed Germination and Vigour Index of Sunflower

Sunflower (Helianthus annus L.)seeds were treated with fungal and bacterial antagonists. The seeds were soaked in fungal spores the bacterial suspension for 15 minutes. The treated seeds were incubated for 7-8 days.The percentage incidence of mycoflora, percentage of seed germination and vigour index were calculated in treated and controlled seeds. In treated seeds the percentage incidence of seed mycoflora decrease whereas percentage of seed germination and vigour index increases as compaired to control. The seeds are treated with biocontrol agent like Trichodermaharzianum, Trichodermaviride, Pseudomonas fluorescens and Bacillus subtilis, Among these Trichodermaharzianum and pseudomonas fluorescens were most effective.The seeds were also treated with plant extracts like AdirachtaindicaA. Juss., Ocimum sanctum L., Withaniasomnifera(L) Dunal, Polyalthialongifolia (sonner), Lantana camera (L). And Zingiberofficinale(Rosc.). Among these effective AdirachtaindicaA. Juss., was more effective than other plants.

Fungal Diversity of Winter Wheat Parts, Seed and Field Soil in Iraq, Basra Province

This study was conducted to survey the fungal microflora in winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), ear, stem, root, seed and field soil in 17 field distributed on Basra province, Iraq. The mycoflora of plant parts, seeds and soil were determined morphologically and molecularly. In total 46 genera with 66 species of different fungal groups were found. The prevalent fungal group on all examined sources was the anamophic Ascomycota (85.34%), followed by Zygomycota (5.46%). Telemorphic Ascomycota was only at (3.64%) and Basidiomycota was in less than (1%). Aspergillus, Penicillium, and Fusarium were the dominant genera in soil and rhizosphere region. The same genera were found in seed but Alternaria was instead of Fusarium. The fungal diversity in plant parts was different, as Alternaria, Fusarium, Helminthosporium, Cladosporium, Penicillium and Aspergillus genera were more occurrence. The highest total fungal population was observed in rhizosphere region and soil, and the lowest was in wheat head. The occurrence of collective fungal community was almost identical in wheat seed, root and stem.

Impact of Coherent Laser Irradiation on Germination and Mycoflora of Soybean Seeds—Innovative and Prospective Seed Quality Management

Laser irradiation is considered a new technology in agriculture; however, the success of irradiation depends on the selection of precise parameters for the light source and exposure. In this study, the impact of laser stimulation on germination and the occurrence of mycoflora in soybean seeds was assessed. The following factors were considered: (1) irradiation using blue and red coherent lights, (2) irradiation of seeds only (a), use of Bradyrhzobium japonicum vaccine only (b), and irradiation of the seeds plus the Bradyrhzobium japonicum vaccine (c). The germination index, seedling weight and seeds infected by fungus were determined. It was found that the laser treatment of seeds increased germination and seedling weight. Laser irradiation affected the abundance of species Phoma glomerata, Botrytis cinerea, Rhizopus nigricans and Gliocladium roseum. The use of blue laser (LB—514 nm) reduced the number of the non-pathogenic species, R. nigricans and G. roseum.

Detection of seed mycoflora associated with Indian bean cultivars

Seed mycoflora detected in agar plate method was Rhizopus stolonifer, Fusarium oxysporum, Curvularia lunata, Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus flavus,Alternaria alternata and Penicillium sp. in five different Indian bean cultivars. Overall 5.35 to 23.94 per cent seeds showed various seed mycoflora. Aspergillus niger developed maximum colonies and Penicillium sp. the least. Similarly seed mycoflora was detected in blotter paper method, 13.49 to 35.90 per cent seeds showed various seed mycoflora. Aspergillus niger developed maximum colonies and Rhizopus stolonifer the least. Per cent seed mycoflora was high in blotter paper mehod compared to agar plate method.

Вплив водних екстактів рослин роду Allium на мікофлору насіння та розвиток проростків пшениці озимої

The influence of aqueous extracts of Allium genus plants on the mycoflora of seeds and the development of winter wheat seedlings The effect of aqueous extracts of A. sativum and A. cepa on the mycoflora of winter wheat grown in the North-Eastern Ukraine during 2017–2019 was investigated. The treatment of seeds with the extracts led to changes in the fungal complex: the decrease in the number of some fungi provoked an increase in others or the appearance of new ones. The most effective was the use of A. sativum. The study of the effects of aqueous extracts on the mycelial growth of fungi of mycoflora had different results: from its absence to 100% inhibition. Keywords: seed mycoflora, winter wheat, aqueous extracts, Allium sativum Allium cepa, percentage inhibition.

Chemical management of seed borne mycoflora of pigeonpea seeds and effect of different fungicides on seed germination and seedling vigour

Chemical management of seed borne mycoflora of pigeonpea seeds and effect of different fungicides on seed germination and seedling vigour

In-vitro study on prevalence of mycoflora in wheat seeds

A study on incidence of mycoflora was carried out by blotter method in wheat seeds. Forty seed sample of wheat (Triticum aestivum) was collected, ten varieties/genotypes each from Chitwan; Kaski; Banke and Lalitpur. The study was done at Seed Quality Control Center, Hariharbhawan, Lalitpur, Nepal, during August to December, 2013, with the objective of determining fungi associated with wheat seeds in-vitro. A total of eighteen species of fungi within thirteen genera were detected. Alternaria alternata and Bipolaris sorokiniana were predominant in all the varieties/genotypes and locations. Percentage frequency and type of fungi detected varied with variety and location. Among all fungi, mean frequency (76.00%) and relative abundance (55.15%) were highest of Alternaria alternata. Among the seeds of different location, B. sorokiniana was found highest from the seed of Banke and A. alternata from seeds of Lalitpur. Lowest percentage frequency of fungi was found in genotype BL 4009 (3.06%) from Chitwan and in variety Nepal 297 (6.25%) from Kaski, and highest in genotype BL 1177 (16.40%) from Banke. Nepalese wheat seeds appeared prevailed with many pathogenic fungi. Therefore, selection of wheat seeds from resistant varieties and areas with lower temperature and relative humidity, and their treatment is suggested to reduce disease and increase yield.Journal of the Institute of Agriculture and Animal Science. Vol. 33-34, 2015, Page: 27-34

Effect of Storage Containers on Seed Mycoflora and Seed Health of Green Gram (Vigna Radiata L.)and its Cure with Botanicals

Effect of Storage Containers on Seed Mycoflora and Seed Health of Green Gram (Vigna Radiata L.)and its Cure with Botanicals

Incidence of seed mycoflora in different cultivars of safflower

An investigation was conducted to detect the associated seed mycoflora in safflower and its control. A total of 19 safflower seed samples were collected from major growing areas of safflower. Blotter method and agar plate methods were used for detection of seed mycoflora of safflower seeds. Across the two methods adopted, a total of seven fungal genera including Alternaria, Aspergillus, Chaetomium, Rhizopus, Curvularia and Fusarium were detected. The fungi detected were identified based on their cultural and morphological characteristics. The fungal species namely Alternaria carthami, Aspergillus niger were found associated with all the tested hybrids/varieties/germplasms while species of Chaetomium sp., Rhizopus sp., Curvularia sp. and Fusarium sp. were not detected in some of the hybrids/varieties/germplasms. Among the seven fungal species detected the occurrence of Alternaria carthami was high 47.94 per cent followed by Aspergillus niger . The cultivar, Nira showed higher per cent incidence of seed mycoflora. Per cent incidence of seed mycoflora varied across the methods adopted and cultivars tested the highest per cent incidence of 46% was observed with the fungus Alternaria carthami on Nari NH1 in blotter method. Out of the two methods tested blotter method was found superior over agar plate method in which higher number of fungi were recorded.

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Ecological Biodiversity Measurement of Seed Mycoflora Contamination of Freshly Harvested in Maize Growing Zone-II

Maize is considered third most important cereal crops in the world. In our study the seed mycoflora of freshly harvested maize of zone-II were isolated by Agar plate method (APM) and Blotter plate method (BPM). A total of 9 genera i.e. Aspergillus flavus, A. niger, Bipolaris maydis, Curvularia lunata, Fusarium verticilioides, Penicillium notatum, P. expensum, Rhizopus stolonifer, and Rhizoctonia solani were isolated by standard Agar plate method and 10 fungal genera, i.e. Alternaria alternata, Aspergillus flavus, A. niger, Bipolaris maydis, Curvularia lunata, Fusarium verticilioides, Macrophomina phaseolina, Penicillium notatum, Rhizopus stolonifer, and Rhizoctonia solani by blotter plate method. On the basis of density, frequency and abundance, Aspergillus flavus, A. niger and Rhizopus stolonifer were found as dominate and taken for detail study. The seed lot of this zone is three categories i.e. Original (OS), Partial discolour (PDS) and Discolour seed (DS). Maximum important value index (IVI), Simpson index of dominance (D), Shannon-Weaver index of diversity (H) and Evenness (E) of Aspergillus flavus OS (86.657%, 0.0834, 0.359, 0.184), PDS (63.827%, 0.0453, 0.329, 0.150) and DS (83.467%, 0.0774, 0.356, 0.183) were contributed. In Blotter plate method, highest density of A. niger OS (5.850), A. flavus PDS (4.500), DS (5.225) were recorded. Maximum frequency showed by A. flavus (100.000%) in all categories. The abundance of A. flavus OS (0.350), PDS (0.342), DS (0.407) were recorded. Relative density maximum recorded in A. niger OS (26.401%), A. flavus PDS (19.268%) and DS (26.381%). Relative frequency (RF) and relative abundance (RA) highest were found in A. flavus OS (24.691%, 35.009%), PDS (23.256%, 34.221%) and DS (23.810%, 40.661%). Maximum IVI, Simpson index of dominance, Shannon-Weaver index of diversity and evenness contributed A. flavus OS (80.912%, 0.0727, 0.353, 0.170), PDS (76.744%, 0.0654, 0.349, 0.159) and DS (90.852 %, 0.0917, 0.362, 0.174). These species are some of the common on the maize during storage and spoil the grains.

Evaluation of Seed Transmission of Rhizoctonia solani and Seed Mycoflora of Ajwain

Evaluation of Seed Transmission of Rhizoctonia solani and Seed Mycoflora of Ajwain

Study on Seed Mycoflora of Different Varieties of French Bean (Phaseolus Vulgaris L

Study on Seed Mycoflora of Different Varieties of French Bean (Phaseolus Vulgaris L