Mutual Restriction Research Articles

Research on reversible image steganography of encrypted image based on image interpolation and difference histogram shift

In view of the mutual restriction between the image encryption and information hiding process in the ciphertext domain reversible algorithm, the existing ciphertext domain image reversible image steganography algorithm can hardly take into account the performance of security and hiding capacity. This paper proposes a reversible image steganography algorithm for encrypted images based on a new interpolation image and difference histogram shift. The pixel position of the carrier image is changed through the double scrambling operation of random image block recombination and Arnold transform. The chaotic sequence generated by logistic mapping is used as the diffusion sequence of the encryption algorithm, and DNA encoding and calculation are performed respectively to obtain the final encrypted image. According to the newly proposed interpolation algorithm, the encrypted image is enlarged, determine the pixel value of the target interpolated image according to the pixel value of the encrypted image, calculate the difference between the three adjacent pixel values of the target interpolated image, and use the difference histogram translation algorithm to convert the secret Information is embedded in an interpolated image, and only one bit of the pixel value can be modified in a single embedding process, and the embedding method is simple and effective. Experimental results show that under the premise of ensuring information security and image quality, the embedding capacity has also been greatly improved, reaching 1,572,864 bits. When the embedding rate is 0.67 bpp, the PSNR can also reach 58 dB and the image quality is maintained better.

A study on the interaction between logistics industry and manufacturing industry from the perspective of integration field.

Studying the linkage between manufacturing industry and logistics industry is conducive to explore and improve the efficiency of the common development of them. In order to study the interaction of logistics industry on the development of manufacturing industry and the development of two-industry-linkage, it first calculates the high-quality development level of logistics industry and manufacturing industry, then uses the coupling coordination model to theoretically analyze and empirically test the coupling and coordinated development level of high-quality development of logistics industry and manufacturing industry from three aspects: coupling degree, coordination degree and coupling coordination degree, and based on the perspective of integration field theory, it takes the three basic synthetic fields of logistics integrator, logistics base-nuclear and logistics connection-key as the analysis dimension, PVAR model was introduced for in-depth analysis the impact of logistics industry on manufacturing industry and the level of the two-industry-linkage. It was found that the high-quality development of China’s logistics industry and manufacturing industry is close on the whole, and the development trend is consistent, the high-quality development of them is mainly caused by the change of scale, but there is no obvious change in technical efficiency, which also provides a way for the high-quality development of the two-industry-linkage in the future. The two-industry-linkage mostly belongs to the situation of low-level mutual restriction, which has not yet reached a high level of mutual promotion, resulting in the overall coupling coordination degree basically in a state of barely coordination. The development of logistics industry and manufacturing industry need to go through certain practice and running in, when there is an error matching between the two, the logistics industry will inhibit the two-industry-linkage. When the economy develops to a certain extent, the expansion of the logistics system scale to the level of the two-industry-linkage is not necessarily beneficial, blindly exceeding the demand for logistics investment will cause a waste of resources, which is not conducive to the high-quality development of the logistics industry and the coupling and coordinated development of the two industries. In the long run, the change of the logistics basic-nuclear capacity, the logistics integrator scale and logistics connection-key level will have a positive impact on the change of green total factor productivity in manufacturing industry.

Novel insights based on the plasticity of γδ T cells in the tumor microenvironment

γδ T cells express unique T cell receptor (TCR) γ and TCR δ chains, with structural and functional heterogeneity. Taking advantage of the diverse γδ TCR repertoire or other ligand-receptor interactions, γδ T cells can recognize a broad spectrum of tumor-associated antigens (TAAs) in a major histocompatibility complex (MHC)-independent manner, thereby activating downstream pleiotropic effects. γδ T cells recruited into the tumor microenvironment can act as effector cells to mediate cancer immune surveillance. Their advantage lies in the ability to perceive tumors with a low mutation load, thus establishing the first line of defense against pathogens. Activated γδ T cells exhibit strong cytotoxic activity and cytokine secretion functions and are effective antitumor lymphocytes with simple and direct recognition modes and rapid responses. However, the clinical application of tumor-infiltrating γδ T cells has certain limitations. First, γδ T cells exposed to complicated cytokine networks are potentially affected by multiple inhibitory mechanisms. Additionally, these cells show highly flexible and dynamic plasticity and are extremely easily polarized into regulatory phenotypes. This review further emphasizes the diversified cross-talk between γδ T cells and other immune cells. Effective immunity of the body is often manifested by counterbalance under mutual restriction. Therefore, an in-depth understanding of γδ T cells that play conflicting roles in the tumor microenvironment is necessary. These cells may be a key factor ultimately mediating the deviation of the antagonistic response between tumor inhibition and tumor promotion. Finally, it retrospectively analyze the activation strategies and clinical relevance of existing γδ T cell adoptive immunotherapies. According to current challenges, there is a need to explore innovative immunotherapies, maximize the tumor-killing efficacy of γδ T cells, and attenuate or eliminate tumor immunosuppression. It is hoped that the host immune status can be accurately predicted and gradually advance γδ T cell precise individualized medicine.

Successful thoracoscopic management of iatrogenic left subclavian arterial injury: a case report.

The subclavian artery at the thoracic outlet is in the deepest position of the thoracic cavity and is difficult to repair in this narrow space once injured, even if the surgery is converted to a thoracotomy. This article presents a successful left subclavian artery repair procedure at the thoracic outlet using a thoracoscopic approach, with a video demonstration, and describes its technical characteristics. The patient was planned for a left upper lobectomy through three-port thoracoscopic approach. Severe adhesions were found intraoperatively and an accidental left subclavian arterial injury occurred when dissecting the adhesions. We first clamped the proximal portion of the subclavian artery and then directly clamped the rupture site. Our first suture failed due to the limited suture angle and the mutual restriction between the needle holder and atraumatic vascular clamp. To freely control the needle holder, another assistant port was made in the seventh intercostal space (ICS). The arterial injury was finally successfully repaired using pledgetted suture. The operation time was 235 minutes and intraoperative blood loss was 800 mL. The pulsation of the left radial artery was normal postoperatively, and the patient was discharged on postoperative day 6. Appropriate strategies allow attempts to manage intraoperative hyperbaric arterial bleeding from the systemic circulation, such as bleeding caused by subclavian arterial injuries, by means of a thoracoscopic approach without conversion to thoracotomy.

Strategies for boosting the activity of single-atom catalysts for future energy applications

Scaffolds in the graphic indicate active sites of SACs. Ideal active sites come from a tenon-and-mortise structure and highlight that the most active SACs require various strategies to achieve synergy, building on a foundation of mutual promotion, restriction, and balance.

Analysis of Harmonious Development of Eco‐Economic System in the Second Green Isolation Area in Beijing

The construction of green isolation areas is an important means to prevent the sprawl of central urban areas, guide the rational layout of urban green spaces, and protect the ecological environment. However, with the continuous construction advancement of green isolation areas in Beijing, the problems of mutual restriction between ecology and economy are increasingly prominent, but few studies are devoted to such problems. Taking the second green isolation area of Beijing in 2000, 2010, and 2020 as the research objects, the kilometer grids were taken as the basic research units, and the land cover data and GDP data were placed in the unified spatial coordinate system by GIS software; also, the equivalent factor method was adopted to calculate the ecological service value (ESV) of the research region, and the eco‐economic harmony degree (EEH) was calculated using the ratio of ESPpr to GDPpr. This research innovatively used the kilometer grid as the basic research unit to study the second green isolation area in Beijing and compared the harmony degree between the second green isolation area and the overall ecological, economic system of Beijing, so as to dynamically compare the ecological environment changes in the second green isolation area during the study period and the degree of mutual influence in the process of economic development. The study found that the construction of the second green isolation area improved the harmony of the eco‐economic system in a certain area, but it failed to effectively curb the spread of construction land in the urban area of Beijing. The research results can provide scientific guidance for the coordinated planning of the ecological economy in the second green isolation area.

Limits of Land Capitalization and Its Economic Effects: Evidence from China

Academic debates over the advantages and disadvantages of land capitalization are ongoing in China, but the fundamental issues behind the debate have not been adequately explored. We suggest that the core issue in land capitalization is the degree of capitalization. This study first theoretically deduced the existence of land capitalization limits; then, we used panel data from 35 key cities to conduct an empirical test, and finally we analyzed the current risk of excessive land capitalization in China. The results indicated that the mutual restriction of multiple land attributes determined the limits of land capitalization. Therefore, land capitalization has been categorized into two types—moderate and excessive—which produce different economic effects. The degree of land capitalization and real economic growth showed a significant inverted-U relationship, and the turning point appeared when the land capital value reached 2.5 times the land factor value. According to this threshold, we can infer that many key cities have been overcapitalized, which may lead to an economic recession and affect the growth prospects of China’s economy. Further analysis indicated that excessive land capitalization could be related to the unique Chinese style of decentralization. These conclusions have important policy implications for the reform of land marketization in countries undergoing economic transition. The goal of land reform is to allow the market mechanism to play a major role in land resource allocation, but the excessive capitalization of land must be prevented.

Optimal Bias Current Design for Visible Light Communications Based on LED Electrical-Thermal Effect

In visible light communication (VLC) system, the intensity of light emitting diode (LED) is modulated to transmit data. As a transmitter, the design of LED should consider the performance of lighting and communication simulataneously. However, the output flux of LED is jointly determined by the electrical and thermal characteristics, and is concave-related to the forward bias current. In order to maximize the use of LEDs, in this paper, the mutual restriction of optical, electrical and thermal mechanisms for the LED systems are considered, and a dynamic photoelectrothermal model is established. Then, the optimal bias current is presented according to the electrical-thermal relationship of LED. Modulating LED at this bias current can maximize the communication performance without sacrificing the light flux. Finally, a BER experiment to verify the optimal communication performance is conducted at this bias current.

Research on the Path of China's Rural Green Development under the Governance System of "Three Integration Governance"

The governance system of "three integration governance" reflects the organic relationship of mutual supplement and restriction among autonomy, rule of law and rule of virtue. The governance system of "three integration governance" is not only the inevitable requirement of China's modern rural development, but also an important path to realize China's rural green development. The governance system of "three integration governance" provides multiple subject forces, legal system guarantee and spiritual and cultural power for the smooth implementation of China's rural green development. Discussing China's rural green development from the "three governance integration" rural governance system not only has important theoretical value, but also has a far-reaching practical impact on solving the practical problems faced by China's rural green development.

Retraction Note to: Machine learning-based prediction of urban soil environment and corpus translation teaching

In recent years, due to the development of science and technology, the existence of objective factors such as people’s abuse of pesticides and unreasonable development, the soil has been seriously polluted, and its quality has also declined. People’s living environment and the agricultural products they need are also affected by it. Frequent problems have seriously affected the sustainable development of the ecological environment. This article takes the central and western parts of a province as the survey object, uses the methods of geological accumulation index and comprehensive pollution index to analyze the soil pollution status of the survey area, and uses the index soil fertility index to evaluate the soil fertility in the fresh food production area. The AERMOD model was used to calculate the dry sedimentation, wet sedimentation, and total sedimentation of organic waste gas. In addition, in the era of big data, with the emergence and development of artificial intelligence technology, translation technology has developed rapidly and has become the new favorite of the translation industry, which has had an important impact on the translation industry. It also puts forward new requirements for the construction of the corpus. Constructing the ecology of soil environment prediction from the perspective of ecological translation is helpful to construct the connotation of interconnection, mutual restriction and interaction among system components. This thesis is guided by the theoretical thoughts of ecological translation, and tries to explore the advancement of soil environment prediction by constructing an ecological view of translation. Through the application of project management concepts in daily teaching, it can help a student to better master the process and methods of translation and improve their translation ability.

The impact of metro-based underground logistics system on city logistics performance under COVID-19 epidemic: A case study of Wuhan, China

The global outbreak of COVID-19 has further exposed deficiencies in city logistics based on human and ground roads, such as poor emergency response capacity and high risk of infection during transportation. Metro-based underground logistics system (M-ULS) may be an innovative approach to deal with this city-level disaster due to its efficient operation, contactless and driverless characteristics. However, the market evolution process and the quantitative calculation framework of comprehensive benefits after the application of M-ULS are still unclear, which has become a problem of mutual restriction with the extensive application of M-ULS. This paper attempts to use the system dynamics method, based on the real-world simulation, to analyze the quantitative relationship between the M-ULS implementation and the city logistics performance under epidemic outbreaks. Wuhan city in China was selected as the empirical background, and five simulation scenarios were set under different implementation strategies of M-ULS in response to the epidemic. Six variables were selected to measure city logistics performance and M-ULS operation status, including demand fill-rate, unit delivery time, total deprivation cost, total transportation cost, total number of susceptible people, and utilization rate of M-ULS. The results show that M-ULS is effective in improving the performance of city logistics and responding to the epidemic. The delivery time and transportation cost have a strong impact on the market share of M-ULS. Finally, a set of incentive policies was designed to promote the adoption of M-ULS. The findings not only provide a method for evaluating the overall performance of M-ULS, but also provide a unique perspective for promoting the implementation of M-ULS and responding to the transportation challenges brought by the epidemic.

Inter-Component Relations in a Human-Centered Economy (Part 2)

Aim. The presented study aims to identify and describe the relations of mutual restriction between the fundamental spheres of a human-oriented economy.Tasks. The author describes problems associated with the need to study the human-oriented economy; establishes horizontal and vertical economic relations in the economic system; discovers the specific aspects of horizontal economic relations through the interaction between the spheres of a human-oriented economy; identifies normal and pathological restriction relations.Methods. This study uses scientific methods of cognition, namely content analysis and the Wuxing Pentagram.Results. Horizontal relations between the defining spheres of a human-oriented economy are determined. The resource (human needs) that ensures interaction between the spheres of the economic system under consideration is identified. Normal restriction relations are described: natural-material sphere — information-digital sphere, information-digital sphere — cognitive sphere, cognitive sphere — social-service sphere, social-service sphere — creatosphere, creatosphere — natural-material sphere. Pathological restriction relations are detected: informationdigital sphere — natural-material sphere, cognitive sphere — information-digital sphere, socialservice sphere — cognitive sphere, creatosphere — social-service sphere, natural-material sphere — creatosphere.Conclusions. Examination of restriction relations in a human-oriented economy provides insight into the directions for the regulation of the corresponding economic system, which, according to the author, will ensure not only personal, but also economic growth.

Learning target-aware background-suppressed correlation filters with dual regression for real-time UAV tracking

Traditional discriminative correlation filters have been rapidly developed in UAV tracking field due to their effectiveness and computational efficiency. Unfortunately, these methods are limited by unwanted boundary effects, which decrease the discriminative power between the target and background. Besides, due to the fast target appearance change and complex scenarios, such as background clutter and similar object, there often exists distractors around the response peak, which may cause tracking drift or even failure. In this paper, we propose a novel correlation filter method with dual regression, which aims at obtaining high-quality and reliable response maps for more robust tracking. Specifically, benefiting from a saliency detection method, the target feature is efficiently acquired from the global feature. Then, employing the dual regression strategy, these features are used to regress dual filters, that is, the target filter and the global filter. Response maps generated by dual filters, i.e., the target and global response maps, are merged in the detection phase to increase the response value of the target. Furthermore, a novel response-level background suppression regularization is proposed to solve boundary effects. Through the mutual restriction between the target and global response maps, the discrimination of dual filters can be promoted. We perform extensive and comprehensive analysis on three challenging UAV tracking benchmarks. Results confirm that the dual regression strategy and the background suppression regularization can facilitate the tracking accuracy improvement. The proposed tracker has comparable performance against other 27 state-of-the-art trackers while running at ∼34 FPS on a single CPU.

Research on Photovoltaic Grid-Connected Control Strategy Based on Active Disturbance Rejection of Adaptive Extended State Observer

In the photovoltaic inverter grid-connected power generation system, the output power of photovoltaic panels is affected by illumination and temperature. The change of output power of photovoltaic panels will lead to the fluctuation of DC bus voltage. If the control is improper, it will directly affect the regular operation of the system. In order to improve the performance of the grid-connected inverter system, an active disturbance rejection control method based on adaptive extended state observer (ESO) is proposed. Firstly, a feedforward PI current inner loop controller is designed, which simplifies the structure of the control system and improves the tracking performance of the current. Then, the DC bus voltage outer loop ADRC is designed, and a conversion method that ignores the essential difference between nonlinear/time-varying and time-varying/linear is proposed. Through the conversion of time-invariant nonlinear system and time-varying linear system, the stability of the extended state observer is proved by the Routh criterion. Secondly, to solve the problem of mutual restriction between the stability and observation accuracy of the extended state observer, an adaptive function online automatic tuning ESO parameter method is proposed. Finally, the simulation results show that the proposed method has better dynamic and static performance, and the grid-connected voltage and current harmonics are small, which proves the correctness and effectiveness of the proposed method.

Adhesion force evolution of protein on the surfaces with varied hydration extent: Quantitative determination via atomic force microscopy

The adhesion force evolution of protein on surfaces with continuously varied hydrophobicity/hydration layer has not been completely clarified yet, limiting the further development of environmental applications such as membrane anti-biofouling and selective adsorption of the functional surfaces. Herein, chemical force spectroscopy using atomic force microscopy (AFM) was utilized to quantify the evolution of the adhesion forces of protein on hydration surfaces in water, where bovine serum albumin (BSA) was immobilized on an AFM tip as the representative protein. The stiffness, roughness and charge properties of the substrate surfaces were kept constant and the hydrophobicity was the only variant to monitor the role of hydrated water layers in protein adhesion. The adhesion force increased non-monotonically as a function of hydrophobicity of substrate surfaces, which was related to the concentration of humic acid, and independent of pH values and ionic strength. The non-monotonic variation occurred in the range of contact angle at 60−80° due to the mutual restriction between solid–liquid interface energy and solid–solid interface energy. Hydrophobic attraction was the dominant force that drove adhesion of BSA to these model substrate surfaces, but the passivation of hydration layers at the interface could weaken the hydrophobic attraction. In contrast to the measurements in water, the adhesion forces decreased as a function of surface hydrophobicity when measured in air, because capillary forces from condensation water dominated adhesion forces. The passivation of hydration layers of protein was revealed by quantitatively determining the evolution of adhesion forces on the hydration surfaces of varying hydrophobicity, which was ignored by traditional adhesion theory.

Impact of Quality and Government Subsidies on Elderly Care Services

In order to solve the problem of imbalance resource allocation and service income in the elderly care service industry, this article establishes three service income models in different situations for a single provider and a single integrator while considering the quality as well as government subsidies. The results showed that government subsidies can significantly improve quality efforts and service income with a mutual restriction between quality and service income. Government subsidies would have an impact on the quality, and they are more conducive to the service income of providers. When government subsidies are less than 80% of the service income, the incentive effect is better.

A method to eliminate the matching problem and improve the spectral property of Talbot spectrometer

At present, the mutual restriction between the spectral resolution and the dynamic range limits the further improvement of the spectral property of Talbot spectrometer. This mutual restriction is caused by the matching problem of grating and detector. Here, a method, which focuses on eliminating the relationship between grating and detector in the design of Talbot spectrometer, for masking detector to cover the (phase-inverted) self-imaging is introduced. Both theoretical simulation and experimental analysis validate the method, which maintains the contrast of pattern while changing the size of pixels and thus the matching problem no longer exists. Overall, this method breaking the bottleneck of spectral property for current talbot spectrometers, which makes the system design more flexible and enhances the universality of Talbot spectrometer, and the spectral resolution of the spectrometer under this method can be superior to 0.3nm while keeping the contrast of pattern, better than the previously reported best spectral resolution 1nm of current talbot spectrometer.

A Novel Multivariable MGM (1, m) Direct Prediction Model and Its Optimization

With regard to the traditional MGM (1, m) model having jumping error in solving process, an MGM (1, m) direct prediction model (denoted as DMGM (1, m) model) is proposed and its solution method is put forward at first. Second, considering the inherent time development trend of system behavior sequence is ignored in the DMGM (1, m) model, the DMGM (1, m) model is optimized by introducing a time polynomial term, and the optimized model can be abbreviated as TPDMGM (1, m, φ ) model. Subsequently, it is theoretically proved that the TPDMGM (1, m, φ ) model can achieve mutual transformation with the traditional MGM (1, m) model and the DMGM (1, m) model by adjusting the parameter values. Finally, two case studies about predicting the deformation of foundation pit and Henan’s vehicle ownership have been carried out to validate the effectiveness of proposed models. Meanwhile, the MGM (1, m) model and Verhulst model are established for comparison. Results show that the modeling performance of four models from superior to inferior is ranked as TPDMGM (1, m, φ ) model, DMGM (1, m) model, MGM (1, m) model, and Verhulst model, which on the one hand testifies the correctness of defect analysis of the MGM (1, m) model and on the other hand verifies that the TPDMGM (1, m, φ ) model has advantages in predicting the system variables with mutual relation, mutual restriction, and time development trend characteristic.

Uncertainty and global sensitivity analysis on thermal performances of pipe-embedded building envelope in the heating season

Pipe-embedded building envelope, which is of particular interest to architects and engineers due to its excellent performances and invisibility characteristic, has been regarded as a potential technology for future buildings. Understanding the impacts of multiple uncertainties associated with design, construction, and operational control on its thermal performances is critical to the development of this burgeoning active insulation technology. Aiming at this goal, an in-depth uncertainty analysis (UA) and global sensitivity analysis (GSA) study was numerically conducted to investigate the influence mechanism of 12 different variables on 5 performance indicators in winter conditions. The UA results indicated that a dual-effect, i.e., better indoor thermal comfort and “zero” or even “negative” thermal load of the exterior walls, could be achieved only when relevant variables were properly selected. Due to the increase in the quantities and types of input variables, as well as the internal heat transfer process became more complicated, the importance rankings of variables obtained by two different GSA methods became different. Therefore, the treed Gaussian process method was proven to be more effective in identifying the uncertain variables. The GSA results stated that heat-source temperature, indoor set-point, charging duration, and thermal conductivity of pipe-embedded layer were the four most significant variables. For heat-source temperature and indoor set-point, there always existed an obvious mutual restriction relationship between them among all indicators except exterior surface heating loss. Meanwhile, the suggested value of the charging duration was no less than 6 h, and the optimal range of the thermal conductivity of pipe-embedded layer given by GSA was 0.5–2.75 W/m·℃. Under the blocking effect of the thermal barrier, the uncertainty of the climate zone on interior surface heating load was greatly reduced, and the climate zone was no longer a key variable affecting the cumulative subcooling duration. Besides, it was proved that the pipe spacing had a great influence on the heat accumulation inside the pipe-embedded layer, pipe location had a slight influence on interior surface heating load and exterior surface heating loss, and the pipe diameter did not influence thermal performances. From the perspective of energy density, the optimal range of the pipe spacing was 100–250 mm. Overall, this study highlighted the positive effect of the pipe-embedded system on the development of new-built and existing buildings towards zero-carbon targets, and also provided useful guidance for its further applications and investigations.

Twin trade shocks: Spillovers from US-China trade tensions

The paper assesses international spillovers from a twin demand shock, originating sequentially in two large economies. Using a network-based spillover model, the paper concludes that while the initial shock may be modest, the network effects in shock spillovers can be substantial, comparable, and often exceed the initial shock. Individual countries may amplify, absorb, or block spillovers. To illustrate the model, the paper quantifies the macroeconomic impact of a hypothetical reduction of bilateral trade between the United States and China as a result of mutual trade restriction.