Mutual Restraint Research Articles

Research on Financial Development of Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area Based on Endogenous Financial Economic Growth Model

Economic growth is a prerequisite for social development and political stability. Finance is the core and hub of modern economic operations and economic growth. GBA is an important strategy that the country is currently promoting. It is the region with the largest economic aggregate and the highest economic activity in China. Promoting the financial development of GBA has an important supporting role in enhancing the economy of the Bay Area and the national economy. Based on the strategy of GBA, this paper introduces the endogenous economic growth model of the financial sector to discuss the interaction and mutual restraint between financial development and economic growth in GBA.

Analysis of energy harvesting cognitive relay network with cooperative spectrum sensing

In this study, the authors investigate the performance of an energy harvesting cognitive cooperative multiple relays network with spectrum sensing, where secondary user accesses the licensed spectrum according to the spectrum sensing results. Particularly, if the spectrum hole is detected, the secondary nodes harvest energy from the ambient environment, otherwise, the secondary source and relays transmit with the energy collected from the primary signals. Taking the imperfect spectrum sensing results into account, exact closed-form expressions for the total outage probability and capacity of the secondary network are derived under the context of Rayleigh fading channels, where the proposed modified selective cooperative decode-and-forward relaying transmission schemes are adopted. Compared with the conventional cognitive relay network, the authors must undertake the correlations among the received signal-to-noise ratios or signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratios caused by both the presence of primary user's interference and energy harvesting for the system understudy. It is shown that spectrum sensing phase and data transmission phase are mutual influence and mutual restraint.

Safe-circumnavigation of one single agent around a group of targets with only bearing information

This paper investigates the safe-circumnavigation problem of a single agent along a group of static targets. We assume in this paper that the distance information cannot be measured directly and only bearing measurements are available. In order to localize the targets, we design the positional estimator where the bearing measurements of the targets are used to construct the system matrix of the state equation of the estimator. To guarantee that the bearing angles are meaningful and with enough precision, we build the condition keeping safe distance between the agent and the targets. Furthermore, a gradual relaxed method is provided to reduce the limitations brought by the mutual restraint between the accuracy of the initial estimation and the desired encircling radius, so as to make the proposed method easy to apply. The performance of the proposed algorithms is verified through an experiment based on a wheeled robot platform.

From Negative to Positive Peace in Western Balkans: A Case for Eclectic Theory

This article analyses a qualitative transformation of relations between the Balkan states since the dissolution of the SFR Yugoslavia in the 90´s until 2008. It argues that military presence and interventions of external powers were enough to make the belligerents fold weapons and thus spread the negative peace but did not substantially aid the qualitative transformation of their relations. Evolving cooperation, mutual restraint, and resolution of conflicts by non-military means that we have perceived in the Balkans since 2003 are results of liberal strategies. It argues for the usefulness of eclectic explanations.

Between a rock and a hard place: Europe in a post-INF world

ABSTRACTThe end of the 1987 Intermediate-range Nuclear Forces (INF) Treaty has the potential to plunge Europe and NATO into deep crisis. Russia’s continued violation coupled with the Donald J. Trump administration’s desire to balance against Moscow and Beijing could force a new missile debate on Europeans. Even though Washington is trying to assuage its allies, the specter of another round of INF missile deployments to Europe is not unrealistic. Meanwhile, NATO’s European members face a dilemma. Some want NATO to resolutely push back against Russia. Others want to avoid a new deployment debate, at almost all costs. The Kremlin will use these cleavages to weaken NATO. If not carefully handled, NATO’s response to the Russian missile buildup could lead to domestic turmoil in a number of European states and render the alliance ineffective for a prolonged period. Europeans need to act now and voice their preferences in the military and diplomatic domains. A number of different military options are available, below the level of deploying new INF missiles in Europe. However, Europeans need to consider trade-offs regarding crisis and arms-race stability. At the same time, it will be up to European capitals to conceptualize a new arms-control framework for the post-INF world, one that takes into account today’s geopolitical realities and the entanglement of modern conventional and nuclear forces. Given the Trump administration’s loathing of arms control, concepts of mutual restraint may well have to wait for the next US administration. In any case, that should not stop Europeans from taking on more responsibility for their own security.

Breaking the mutual restraint between low permittivity and low thermal expansion in polyimide films via a branched crosslink structure

Currently, it remains challengeable to establish a balance between low permittivity and low coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) without incorporating nanoparticles. Polyimide (PI) films of relatively low permittivity, such as fluorinated PI or PI with bulky pendent groups attached to the backbone, may demonstrate undesirable CTE and mechanical properties. Herein, a series of PI films were prepared by employing 3,3',4,4'-biphenyltetracarboxylic dianhidride (BPDA) and 1,4-phenylenediamine (PDA) as constitutional units and 1,3,5-tris(4-aminophenoxy)benzene (TAPOB) as the crosslinker. The well-designed micro-branched structure led to enlarged free volume in PI films, which enabled accordingly a decrease of ∼8.8% in dielectric constant. Meanwhile, their CTE could be reduced to about 2.88 ppm/K in the absence of draft or nano-hybrid. Moreover, excellent tensile strength and modules were determined to be 362.2 MPa and 8.11 GPa, respectively, for these crosslink PI films.

Solving the nuclear dilemma: Is a world state necessary?

The unique dangers raised by the possibility of nuclear warfare have long prompted intensive debates about what political action is needed to avoid it. While most scholars contend that it is possible to prevent a nuclear war without fundamental political change, others argue that a substantial solution to the problem demands the abolition of the existing interstate system. Two such ‘radical’ positions are the ‘Weberian’ school, which insists that an authoritative world state is necessary, and Daniel Deudney’s alternative, a liberal order based upon republican traditions of mutual restraint, internal power balancing and powerful arms control institutions. In this essay, I argue, using both historical and theoretical analysis, that the regime Deudney envisions would amount to the establishment of a Pax Americana. This would be rejected by illiberal nuclear powers and therefore fail to solve the nuclear problem.

An inverse design method for body surface of given target pressure distribution

This paper presents a practical inverse design method for certain body surface. A potential-based panel method in combination with the niche genetic optimization algorithm is adopted to design the body surface of given target pressure distribution through dealing with Dirichlet boundary condition. First, a niche genetic optimization model is established to provide ideal target pressure distribution for the inverse design method. Then, the integral equation of the relation between the given perturbation velocity potential and the local flux of the unknown surface is derived through the Green's theorem, together with the mutual restraint model between the change of the velocity potential and the body surface correction established. Finally, the body surface which meets the target pressure distribution is obtained after several iterations through the modified function. Design examples show that the inverse design method is of good convergence and effectiveness, and can be applied to design two-dimensional and three-dimensional body surface.

Against Ideological Colonization: The Teaching of Humanae Vitae and a Humanely Adequate Global Ethic

This article attempts to trace the development of the United Nations commitment to contraception as a guarantor of world peace, an engine of economic development, a guardian of the natural environment, and an equalizer of men and women. Unfortunately, as UNESCO notes in their instruction regarding the connection between population and development, the UN analysis of the impact of population growth was mistaken and their policies misguided.The promotion of artificial contraception was integral to UN attempts to limit childbearing in developing nations, and any resistance led to loss of international assistance in a variety of areas. This article argues then argues that natural family planning provides many of the benefits the UN policy seeks, while avoiding unintended adverse effects that have been documented in many studies. By teaching couples to work with their fertility to achieve their personal goals - whether to avoid or increase their chances of child bearing - the virtues of mutual restraint, communication, commitment, and respect are instilled. These virtues are instrumental to achieve the very goals that advocates of contraception desire. World peace, economic development, protection of the environment, and authentic sexual equality requires each of these virtues, both individually and communally.

Temperature Stress Study on the Arch Bridge Strengthening based on Midascivil Solid Element

When using Midas/civil solid element modeling analysis arch bridge strengthening by enlarging section method, found system temperature change stress is too large, serious discrepancies with the actual project. The main reason is that: It is difficult to consider the effect of bonded rebar in the strengthening scheme by simulation analysis; Due to the different linear expansion coefficient, the new and old materials lead to the mutual restraint strain at the contact interface. At present, there is a large temperature stress in the structure of mixed masonry (pouring) of many different materials in the Chinese engineering field when the structure is simulated by the solid element, which need further research and solution in the future.

Travel Mode and Travel Route Choice Behavior Based on Random Regret Minimization: A Systematic Review

In recent years, traffic congestion has become increasingly serious and the urban environment has deteriorated, posing a challenge to the modern sustainable transportation system. Sustainable travel behavior is a solution that many scholars recognize as being an important aspect in the development of socially, environmentally, and economically sustainable communities. Increasing numbers of studies analyzed the travel choice behavior based on Random Regret-Minimization (RRM) model. RRM considers multiple attribute compromises to capture the traveler’s choice behavior based on minimizing the perceived regret decision criteria. Travel route choice and travel mode choice are interrelated and mutual restraint when a traveler makes a travel decision. To our knowledge, there are limited literatures that overall considered travel mode and travel route choice behavior based on RRM at present. This paper aims to fill this gap and presents a literature review for the application of RRM on sustainable travel mode and travel route choice behavior from empirical issues, influencing factors, theories and methods to evaluate RRM’s potential and limitations as a discrete model of travel choice behavior. The results will provide reference for researchers to study this field and develop novel strategies to promote the sustainable traffic system in the future.

Progressing Together: Buddhism Localization and Ancient Chinese Legal Resources

During the process of localization in China, Buddhism collided with the ancient Chinese legal resources such as "courtesy", "virtue" and "law". However, Buddhism eventually became "localized" Buddhism in China. This shows that Buddhism actively absorbs the core of Confucianism, and does not hesitate to "explain the doctrine again and hence the sublimation spirit of the root of traditional Chinese thought, which embodies the broad feelings of the inclusiveness of traditional Chinese culture, and shows the mutual respect, mutual tolerance, and mutual restraint between foreign culture and local culture. In this process, Buddhism always transformed itself from a pluralist and pluralistic structure to a dual structure of Buddhism and China. Ancient Chinese legal resources also use Buddhist motivation and access to new vitality, with a new value system, to solve the reality of social problems and spiritual contradictions. The guiding significance of this process and result to the current legalization of religion in our country is to embody cultural integration and institutional progress by embracing religious culture and making full use of its positive value function.

Effect of the Preexisting Fissure with Different Fillings in PMMA on Blast‐Induced Crack Propagation

In order to study the dynamic crack propagation law in fissured rock under the different fillings, a borehole with 7 mm diameter was processed in the center of a polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) specimen. The preexisting fissure with different angles (θ = 0°, 45°, and 90°) and different distances (L = 20, 30, 40, 50, and 60 mm) was prefabricated around the borehole. Air, soil, and water were employed as fillings in the fissure, respectively. The experiment of explosive loading was carried out by a single detonator, and the dynamic crack propagation process of the experimental specimens was simulated by nonlinear dynamics software AUTODYN. The results show that the blast‐induced cracks are the most favorable and unfavorable to propagate when θ = 0° and θ = 45°, respectively. The length of the far‐end wing crack decreases with the increase of the distance L, and the length of the far‐end wing crack in the air‐filled specimens is larger than those in soil‐filled and water‐filled specimens. The damage‐pressure curve of the far‐end wing crack initiation point shows “S”‐type change, and the damage‐pressure curve shows two obvious damage evolution processes of initial nonlinear and later linear stages. With the increase of the angle, the distance from the borehole to the crack initiation point decreases and the compressive stress wave peak value should increase, but the tensile force peak value decreases. Meanwhile, the relationships between pressure and average velocity of the initiation point and L, θ, and fillings are established, respectively. The numerical simulation agrees with the experimental results well. It can be seen that the fillings types, angle, and distance have a mutual restraint relationship with the reflected and absorbed stress wave energy. The phenomenon of crack propagation under different fillings can be explained well from the viewpoint of discontinuity degree and stress wave energy, which reveals the general law of blast‐induced crack propagation.

The mechanical behavior of a layered nanostructured Ni with an alternating growth of ultrafine grains and nano-sized grains fabricated by electrodeposition

A layered nanostructured (NS) Ni with an alternating growth from the ultrafine-grains (UFG) layer with a thickness of 5µm and the nano-sized grains (NG) layer with a thickness of 10µm along the across-section is fabricated by periodically controlling the current density during electrodeposition. It is revealed by transmission electron microscope (TEM) and X-ray diffractometer (XRD) that the alternating growth of well-defined layers consists of the ultrafine-grains with the mean grain size of about 500nm along a (200) preferential growth and the nano-grains with the mean size of 20nm with a random growth. Tensile tests reveal that in comparison with the monolithic UFG and NG Ni, the layered NS Ni exhibits a higher tensile ductility of near 13% elongation to failure while maintaining a moderate ultimate tensile strength of near 1300MPa. The improvement in the ductility for the layered NS Ni can be mainly attributed to two effects including the increased strain hardening ability sourced from the action of these specific microstructure involving the periodical distribution of ultrafine-grains, the existence of interface and the alternation of crystal orientation between the layers on the dislocation activities and alleviating the local stress concentration caused by the periodic coordination deformation of the UFG layer in the NG substrate. A larger homogeneous surface deformation trace with the uplift and collapse feature is observed for the layered NG Ni in comparison with the monolithic UFG and NG Ni, which further indicates a large uniform plastic deformation ability that the layered NG Ni holds. Additionally, the mutual restraint and coordination deformation between the UFG and NG layer also leads to the formation of a fracture feature with a smaller and uniform dimple structure.

The Present Situation and Cause Analysis about China's Police Relations

In China, according to the relevant provisions of the Chinese Constitution and the Criminal Procedure Law: the division of labor, mutual restraint and PR curatorial supervision of the provisions of the construction of the relationship between the police. To a certain extent, such a rule will play and will continue to play a positive role, but in the course of judicial practice, the actual operation of China's police relations has emerged a series of problems. This paper discusses the current situation of China's police relations and analyzes the causes of the existing problems in China, and strives to achieve the goal of promoting the healthy development of China's judicial reform.

The mutual restraint effect between the expansion of Alternanthera philoxeroides (Mart.) Griseb and cadmium mobility in aquatic environment

Alternanthera philoxeroides (Mart.) Griseb is one of the most malignant weeds in its invision habitats. While in the cadmium-contaminated aquatic environment, does A. philoxeroides possess good tolerance and adaptability? To demonstrate the effects of cadmium on A. philoxeroides in the polluted water bodies, a hydroponic stress experiment was conducted over a gradient of Cd concentrations (0, 2.5 and 5mg/l) in triplicate. The seedlings were cultured in a greenhouse and harvested on days 0, 10, 20, 30 and 40, respectively. The results showed the effects of mutual restraint between Cd and A. philoxeroides. The A. philoxeroides seedlings were enriched with large amounts of Cd, and the toxicity of Cd inhibited the rapid growth of A. philoxeroides and induced the rapid degradation of chlorophylls in its tissues. Furthermore, the use of iron plaque effectively immobilized Cd of 1123–2883mg/kg·DW on the root surface, thus it decreased the transferability of Cd in the aquatic environment. Due to its extensive adaptability, good Cd tolerance and the immobilization of Cd predominantly in the roots (the highest Cd concentration enriched was 7588.65±628.90mg/kg·DW in roots). A. philoxeroides effectively restrained the translocation of Cd and partitioned Cd in the roots within water bodies. CapsuleThe antagonistic effect exists between the invasion of A. philoxeroides and cadmium mobility in aquatic environments.

Research on Dynamic Game Model of Enterprise Green Technology Innovation Driving Force

As environmental pollution problem becomes increasingly serious，the driving force of green technological innovation from the government and public consumers is currently strengthening. Hence relationship of mutual restraint and interaction exists among the government，innovative enterprises, and general consumers are quite concerned. This paper proposes the tripartite evolutionary game model of the government，enterprises, and public consumers，then applies dynamic game evolution theory to build the third-party game payoff matrix, analyses the influences of enterprises, governments and consumers decision on green technology innovation through evolution model, the results show that pollution resistance measures of consumers will promote the diffusion of green technology innovation to some extent, high pollution regulation of governments make contributions to the green technology innovation as well.

Preliminary investigation of regional global per capita budget for medical payment system of countywide medical service community in Anhui province

This paper analyzed and concluded successful experience and mechanisms of regional global per capita budget implemented since 2015 in Anhui province, including the formation of mutual incentive and restraint mechanism, the mechanism of controlling expenses spontaneously and resource allocation efficiently. After the reform, flow of hospitalized patients was more rational, and the financial burden of patients was alleviated, while the capacity of medical institutions was improved notably in pilot counties. The successful experience of Anhui province can put forward corresponding suggestions to guide the future work in other areas. Key words: Countywide medical service community; Payment system; Global per capita budget; Mechanisms; Anhui province

CSTG: An Effective Framework for Cost-sensitive Sparse Online Learning.

Sparse online learning and cost-sensitive learning are two important areas of machine learning and data mining research. Each has been well studied with many interesting algorithms developed. However, very limited published work addresses the joint study of these two fields. In this paper, to tackle the high-dimensional data streams with skewed distributions, we introduce a framework of cost-sensitive sparse online learning. Our proposed framework is a substantial extension of the influential Truncated Gradient (TG) method by formulating a new convex optimization problem, where the two mutual restraint factors, misclassification cost and sparsity, can be simultaneously and favorably balanced. We theoretically analyze the regret and cost bounds of the proposed algorithm, and pinpoint its theoretical merit compared to the existing related approaches. Large-scale empirical comparisons to five baseline methods on eight real-world streaming datasets demonstrate the encouraging performance of the developed method. Algorithm implementation and datasets are available upon request.

A DETECTION METHOD OF ARTIFICIAL AREA FROM HIGH RESOLUTION REMOTE SENSING IMAGES BASED ON MULTI SCALE AND MULTI FEATURE FUSION

Abstract. In order to solve the problem of automatic detection of artificial objects in high resolution remote sensing images, a method for detection of artificial areas in high resolution remote sensing images based on multi-scale and multi feature fusion is proposed. Firstly, the geometric features such as corner, straight line and right angle are extracted from the original resolution, and the pseudo corner points, pseudo linear features and pseudo orthogonal angles are filtered out by the self-constraint and mutual restraint between them. Then the radiation intensity map of the image with high geometric characteristics is obtained by the linear inverse distance weighted method. Secondly, the original image is reduced to multiple scales and the visual saliency image of each scale is obtained by adaptive weighting of the orthogonal saliency, the local brightness and contrast which are calculated at the corresponding scale. Then the final visual saliency image is obtained by fusing all scales’ visual saliency images. Thirdly, the visual saliency images of artificial areas based on multi scales and multi features are obtained by fusing the geometric feature energy intensity map and visual saliency image obtained in previous decision level. Finally, the artificial areas can be segmented based on the method called OTSU. Experiments show that the method in this paper not only can detect large artificial areas such as urban city, residential district, but also detect the single family house in the countryside correctly. The detection rate of artificial areas reached 92 %.