Mutual Link Research Articles

INTERDEPENDENCE OF HEREDITY, ENVIRONMENT AND UPBRINGING IN THE FORMATION AND DEVELOPMENT OF PERSONALITY

The article is devoted to the analysis of the research of the Dutch professor Dick Ferdinand Swaab in the context of interdependence and interplay of heredity, environment and upbringing on the formation and development of personality. The authors, conducting a critical review of Dick Swaab’s publications, were focused on the important features of personality formation, integrating in this context information from psychology, pedagogy and neurobiology. The publication shows the close connection of all factors influencing the formation of personality; their interdependence and interdependence at different age stages of personality development are proved. Indicated clear correlation between research on neurobiology and pedagogy, in this context, mutual proven link between the sciences and their joint impact on people. It is determined that the fatal development of personality significantly depends on the individual characteristics of the material, shows the influence of bad habits of materials on genetic mutations in humans. It is shown that intellectual development is a complex process that depends on both the genetic makeup of the person and the environment. It is proved that upbringing and social interaction were and remain the drivers of cultural and civilizational formation of the individual at different age stages. Emphasis is placed on the fact that social contact is an important factor in hormonal processes within the human body; it is shown that the processes of personality formation are actively influenced by external factors (optimal proportion of movement and sleep, failure of the biological clock, stress, impaired fine motor skills, etc.). It is shown that economic status is one of the factors of intellectual development of children with developmental disabilities. The study, based on the basic practical results obtained by Professor Dick Swab, presents the need for a thorough study of these interdependencies and the relationship of students of pedagogical specialties in the context of providing training for future educators.

Geochemistry and geochronology of A-type basement granitoids in the north-central Aravalli Craton: Implications on Paleoproterozoic geodynamics of NW Indian Block

The basement granite gneisses from the north-central Aravalli Craton in NW India were investigated for geochemistry and geochronology. In a peneplain terrain, the granite gneiss outcrops are scanty and samples were collected mainly from two small hills and several ground-level exposures in the Sakhun – Ladera region. Well-foliated granite gneiss is the dominant lithology that also hosts dark, lenticular enclaves, and is in turn, intruded by mafic dykes. The granite gneiss has silica content ranging from 61.37 wt.% to 68.27 wt.% that marks a slight overlap with the enclaves (54.32 wt.% to 62.17 wt.%). Both groups have a high K2O/Na2O (~2 or higher) ratio. Geochemically, the granite gneiss classify as granite – granodiorite, and enclaves as granodiorite - diorite. The In-situ LA-ICP-MS zircon U–Pb geochronology of granite gneiss has yielded a statistically valid 1721 ± 9 Ma age that we interpret as the emplacement age for the granitic protolith. Geochemical characteristics of granite gneiss underline fractional crystallization of an I-type melt as the main process, and continuity of trends in enclaves underlines their mutual genetic link. The genetic association is further verified by a consistency in the trace element characteristics and REE patterns. The Nd-isotope signatures define a single grouping for both granite gneiss and enclaves, with εNd(t) values ranging from −6.38 to −6.61, further substantiating a common source. The geochemical tectonic discrimination schemes consistently point toward an extensional setting and A-type characteristics for granite gneiss and enclaves. These are analogous to the coeval (1.72–1.75 Ga), A-type granitoids from the Khetri and Alwar basin in the North Delhi Fold Belt, implying a much larger areal extent for the Paleoproterozoic anorogenic magmatism in the northern segment of the Aravalli Craton. The Paleoproterozoic age for the presumed ‘Archean’ basement in this region offers tacit evidence that the BGC – II is a stratigraphically younger terrane as compared to the Archean age, BGC – I.

The Necessities of an Electronic Government in the Third Millennium with an Emphasis on Iran

Objective: This study is aimed at investigating the frameworks and executive rules for the country’s E-government, the obstacles on establishment of a digital government for providing comfort and for the citizens, the initial preparation for the communication infrastructures, including internet band width, local software, electronic equipment, structural changes in organization, crisis management and acceptance of changes by governmental managers and staff, creating the culture and codes of electronic citizenship providing necessary training and education about this phenomenon. Methodology: What is important is that an implementation of Electronic Government reduces the distance between people and government and people themselves will be part of the government. Results: Upon establishing such a government, a strong mutual link will be created between people and governors. Also, the government could move forward to its ultimate goal of downsizing and privatization and the cost of using online services will be significantly reduced. Conclusion: The crucial concerns in this respect are: creating necessary infrastructures, developing of a more administrative and executive culture among governmental managers, providing necessary educations and training for people, and reducing the cost of web-based services.

Demographic Transition in the Past and Projected Five Decades in Sub-Saharan Africa, 1967-2068: Empirical Evidence from Nigeria

Aims: This study assessed the demographic transition in the past and projected five decades in Sub-Saharan Africa, 1967-2068: Empirical evidence from Nigeria.
 Study Design: Past and projected time series data (between 1967 and 2068) were used for the study. The 1967-2068 data sets were resorted to due to lack of complete national data.
 Place and Duration of Study: Past (between 1967 and 2017) and projected (between 2018 and 2068) five decades in Nigeria.
 Methodology: The time series data (1967 to 2068) obtained from the 1950-2099 Interpolated Demographic Data of the United Nations Population Division, Department of Economic and Social Affairs, on Births, Deaths and Population levels, were used for the study. The 1967-2068 data sets were resorted to due to lack of complete national data. Data collected were analyzed using birth and death rate indices, demographic transition index, growth rate equation and granger causality statistics. Unit root, co-integration and error correction tests were also carried out.
 Results: Results showed that in the past five decades (1967-2017), the mean crude birth and death rates per 1,000 populations were 43.9 and 18.0 respectively; while that of the projected five decades (2018-2068) was 28.9 and 7.9 respectively per 1000 populations. The demographic indices showed that in the past five decades (between 1967 and 2017), Nigeria was at the second stage (stage II) of demographic transition and expected to remain at this stage in the next five decades (between 2018 and 2068). Results also showed that the population growth rate in the past five decades was 2.584 percent, while the growth rate in the next five decades as projected was 2.098 percent. The population growth rate (2.098 percent) in the next five decades (between 2018 and 2068 as projected) is expected to decrease by an average of 0.486 percent. Results also showed that there is a mutual link between demographic transition and population growth.
 Conclusion: Nigeria is currently at the second stage of demographic transition and expected to remain at this stage (stage II) in the next five decades. Demographic transition increases the prediction of population growth and vice versa.

Integrated Thermal Rehabilitation: A New Therapeutic Approach for Disabilities.

A mutual link between somatic and visceral neural pathways is known in medicine. This study addresses therapeutic effectiveness of an integrated rehabilitative approach of thermal aquatic environment, combined with neuromuscular manual stimulation, on activation of afferent sensory visceral and somatic efferent neuronal motor pathways in different pathologies of neuromuscular motor and respiratory systems. The study included 63 patients subjected to a protocol consisting of hydroponic treatment, hydrokinesitherapy associated with ozonized vascular pathway, and mud therapy associated with cardiorespiratory treatment performed in aquatic environment and aided by neuromuscular manual therapy. The therapeutic protocol consisted of rehabilitation sessions 5days a week for 2months. The outcome measures were spirometry tests and the following evaluation instruments: Tinetti Gait and Balance assessment scale, Functional Independence Measurement, visual analogue scale, and the EQ-5D-5L instrument. The tests were applied before and after the protocol completion. The findings demonstrate a general increase in patients' everyday living autonomy and quality of life, with a particular improvement in respiratory function tests. We conclude that the integrated thermal approach holds promise in therapeutic rehabilitation of disabilities.

Small Composition-X System of Air Flow & Solar with Novel SWAY Translate to Enhance the SWAY Quality

This work mainly focussed on the composition-X system which is a grouping of solar and air flow stamina sway generation techniques. Which is fresh and inexpensive for the forthcoming point of view? In this article a non-conventional stamina composition-X sway organization based on solar cell and air flow, and provides the stamina storage system. DC production of solar stamina conversion system (SECS) and translate DC yield of the air flow stamina conversion system (WECS) is served to the setup chopper which is functioning in closed-loop in-order to preserve constant yield sway in any eco-friendly situation. AIR FLOW comprises of air flow turbines with permanent magnet synchronous gen (PMSGx) and the solar system consists of PV cell The yield of the setup translate is feed to the mutual dc link, which is connected to the six pulsed Dc to AC _xs which convert its solar input to sine wave yield. The practical setup of the proposed model has been implemented and results are analysed in term of sway quality.

An overlapping community detection algorithm based on rough clustering of links

The growth of networks is prevalent in almost every field due to the digital transformation of consumers, business and society at large. The unfolding of community structure in such real-world complex networks is crucial since it aids in gaining strategic insights leading to informed decisions. Moreover, the co-occurrence of disjoint, overlapping and nested community patterns in such networks demands methodologically rigorous community detection algorithms so as to foster cumulative tradition in data and knowledge engineering. In this paper, we introduce an algorithm for overlapping community detection based on granular information of links and concepts of rough set theory. First, neighborhood links around each pair of nodes are utilized to form initial link subsets. Subsequently, constrained linkage upper approximation of the link subsets is computed iteratively until convergence. The upper approximation subsets obtained during each iteration are constrained and merged using the notion of mutual link reciprocity. The experimental results on ten real-world networks and comparative evaluation with state-of-the-art community detection algorithms demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm.

Nonstop mutation in the Kisspeptin 1 receptor (KISS1R) gene causes normosmic congenital hypogonadotropic hypogonadism.

Congenital hypogonadotropic hypogonadism (CHH) is a rare genetic disorder mostly characterized by gonadotropins release and/or action deficiencies. Both isolated (idiopathic hypogonadotropic hypogonadism) and syndromic (Kallmann) forms are identified depending on the olfactory ability. Clinical and genetic heterogeneities of CHH have been widely explored, thus improving our understanding of the disease's pathophysiology. This work aims to (1) provide a detailed clinical and hormonal description of normosmic CHH patients and (2) identify the mutation linked to the studied phenotype. We investigated three affected patients with normosmic CHH, belonging to a consanguineous Tunisian family. Patients underwent an insulin-induced hypoglycemia test. We performed whole exome sequencing to identify the causal mutation. At first diagnosis, a total gonadotropic deficiency was identified in all patients. The insulin-induced hypoglycemia test has also revealed a reduced cortisol secretion and complete growth hormone deficiency. At 20.8years, one female exhibited a spontaneous recovery of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis function, unlike her affected siblings who still depend on corticosteroid replacement therapy. Herein, we identified a novel homozygous nonstop mutation (c.1195T>C) in KISS1R gene in all affected subjects. This mutation led to the substitution of the physiologic stop codon by an arginine (p.X399R). Our study highlights the importance of the KISS1R signaling, in gonadotropin-releasing hormone neurons, in the control of reproductive function. Additionally, our data suggests a complex central and peripheral metabolic control of puberty, through the hypothalamic KISS1R signaling. We suggest a mutual link between the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal, -adrenal, and -somatotropic axes.

The Relationship between Public Debt and Economic Growth in Albania and Other Countries

Abstract The purpose of this study is the relationship between public debt and economic growth in Albania in post-dictatorships. Many authors have analyzed the mutual link between economic growth and public debt and the results and the methodologies are different in different countries and periods. Let’s see what data are specifically about these two indicators (provided by the Ministry of Finance, the Bank of Albania and the International Monetary Fund). Does the public debt performance affects the trend of the economic growth or not? I have mentioned what are the main events and phenomena in Albania, in Europe and in the World that have affected the Albanian economy. For these years, I have made comparisons with situations in other countries.

Public Debt and Economic Growth in Albania

Abstract A high public debt and its consequences in the economy remain a very important issue to be discussed, especially during the periods of crisis and recessions. During the crisis, although Albania managed to maintain a positive economic growth, its public debt remains high and worrying for the economists. The purpose of this paper is to determine if there exist a correlation between the public debt and the economic growth in Albania, where the economic growth will be considered as the increase of GDP. Many authors have provided their contributions with various empirical analyzes to study the mutual link between economic growth and public debt and the results and the methodologies are different in different countries and periods. What is the situation in Albania at about the last 25 years? Analyzing the macroeconomic situation (the structure of Albanian public debt, the data on economic growth and public debt, the reasons of a high deb etc.) and the main causes of a positive growth and a macroeconomic stability, but a high public debt, we can conclude over the expectations and the trend of the future.

Irradiation by γ-rays reduces the level of H3S10 phosphorylation and weakens the G2 phase-dependent interaction between H3S10 phosphorylation and γH2AX

Histone posttranslational modifications regulate diverse nuclear functions, including DNA repair. Here, we use mass spectrometry, western blotting, immunohistochemistry and advanced confocal microscopy in order to show radiation-specific changes in the histone signature. We studied wild-type mouse embryonic stem cells (mESCs) and mESCs with a depletion of histone deacetylase 1 (HDAC1), which plays a role in DNA repair. Irradiation by γ-rays increased the S139 phosphorylation of histone H2AX but reduced the level of the H3K9-R17 peptide, which contains S10 phosphorylation (H3S10ph). On an individual cellular level, H3S10ph was low in highly γH2AX-positive UV laser-induced DNA lesions, and this nuclear distribution pattern was not changed by HDAC1 depletion. Despite this fact, spontaneous γH2AX-positive DNA lesions colocalized with large H3S10ph-positive nuclear bodies that appear in the G2 phase of the cell cycle. Similarly, by FLIM-FRET analysis, we observed an interaction between H3S10ph and γH2AX in the G2 phase. However, this interaction was reduced when cells were exposed to γ-rays. A mutual link between H3S10ph and γH2AX was not observed in the G1 phase of the cell cycle. Together, our data show that despite the fact that H3S10ph is not directly involved in DNA repair, a decrease in H3S10 phosphorylation and weakened interaction between H3S10ph and γH2AX is a result of radiation-induced damage of the genome. In this case, γ-irradiation also decreased the number of cells in the G1 phase, characterized by no interaction between H3S10ph and γH2AX.

Alleviation of endoplasmic reticulum stress by tauroursodeoxycholic acid delays senescence of mouse ovarian surface epithelium.

Ovarian surface epithelium (OSE) forms a single layer of mostly cuboidal cells on surface of mammalian ovaries that is inherently exposed to cell stress evoked by tissue damage every ovulation and declines morphologically after menopause. Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is a principal cell organelle involved in proteosynthesis, but also integrating various stress signals. ER stress evokes a conserved signaling pathway, the unfolded protein response (UPR), leading to cell death or adaptation to stress conditions. In this work, we document that mouse OSE suffers from ER stress during replicative senescence in vitro, develops abnormalities in ER and initiates UPR. Attenuation of ER stress in senescent OSE by tauroursodeoxycholic acid (TUDCA) reconditions ER architecture and leads to delayed onset of senescence. In summary, we show for the first time a mutual molecular link between ER stress response and replicative senescence leading to phenotypic changes of non-malignant ovarian surface epithelium.

A Modified Bayesian Network Model to Predict Reorder Level of Printed Circuit Board

Identifying the printed circuit board (PCB) orders with high reorder frequency for batch production can facilitate production capacity balance and reduce cost. In this paper, the repeated orders identification problem is transformed to a reorder level prediction problem. A prediction model based on a modified Bayesian network (BN) with Monte Carlo simulations is presented to identify related variables and evaluate their effects on the reorder level. From the historically accumulated data, different characteristic variables are extracted and specified for the model. Normalization and principal component analysis (PCA) are employed to reduce differences and the redundancy of the datasets, respectively. Entropy minimization based binning is presented to discretize model variables and, therefore, reduce input type and capture better prediction performance. Subsequently, conditional mutual information and link strength percentage are combined for the establishment of BN structure to avoid the defect of tree augmented naïve BN that easily misses strong links between nodes and generates redundant weak links. Monte Carlo simulation is conducted to weaken the influence of uncertainty factors. The model’s performance is compared to three advanced approaches by using the data from a PCB manufacturer and results demonstrate that the proposed method has high prediction accuracy.

Critical Thinking as a Nourishing Interface to EFL Context in Higher Education

As one of the renowned learning and innovation skills of 21st century, critical thinking (hereafter CT) has been studied in various fields of education. Contrary to expectations, the emphasis on the mutual link between CT and language learning in tertiary education is newly flourishing. That being the case, the awareness of English as a Foreign Language (hereafter EFL) learners regarding this close connection and how it affects their perceived language learning potential should be inquired and increased. Drawing on such need, this paper reports on the investigation of an action research implementation and its effects on the perceptions of EFL learners over a ten week period of CT integrated practice. Qualitative and quantitative analysis of the data collected through two CT tasks, open-ended questionnaires, and semi-structured interviews based on learners’ logs revealed an unequivocal influence on the perspectives of EFL learners towards CT and language learning. The implementation also helped the learners improve their thinking and language skills.

Plastic tree crowns contribute to small-scale heterogeneity in virgin beech forests—An individual-based modeling approach

Old-growth beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) forests in Europe show a structural heterogeneity, which distinguish from managed ones. Recent investigations revealed that facilitative belowground interactions might counteract aboveground competition for light. However, the exact interaction of these mechanisms is unclear. We developed the BEEchPlasticity (BEEP) model to investigate whether the mere focus on the aboveground competition for canopy space with subsequent modeling of the light transmittance through the forest canopy suffices to reproduce the observed structural attributes. The BEEP model is individual-based, and explicitly describes the plasticity of tree crowns in a three-dimensional space through a geometric approach. This conceptual design allows tracing neighborhood effects to the forest stand level.We ran 10 simulation experiments with 1000 time steps on a simulation area of 0.5öha. We analyzed the emerging spatial point patterns, gap dynamics as well as distributions of tree age, tree height, tree crown projection area, and tree diameter. By applying various indices that revealed the emergent horizontal and vertical forest structure, we were able to show a strong mutual link between beech crown plasticity and forest heterogeneity. The crown plasticity enabled the trees to close small gaps, which resulted in a highly dynamic tree regeneration, which in turn led to a small-scale heterogeneous forest structure. We found that, over long periods, crown centroids of canopy trees taller than 20öm were more regularly distributed than stem foot points. Absolute crown displacements were greater than reported from beech stands in North-Germany and the Sudetes in the Czech Republic. This indicates a need to restrain the model crown growth in order to recognize tree architecture and stability. We could simulate an increasing forest structural heterogeneity. Starting with a structural homogeneous layer of tree saplings, we showed that forest structures similar to those in unmanaged beech forests took several tree generations or approximately 700 time steps to emerge. We recommend enhancing this model approach with spatial explicit modeling of the leaf-area distribution, which has already been done for single beech trees.

Algorithms for Establishment and Reconfiguration of Optical Information Network for Multi-Agent Robotic System

Background/Objectives: Multi-agent Robotic Systems (MRS) with supervisory control can solve important practical tasks. For efficient MRS operation it is required to provide high speed (over 1 Gb/s) wireless communication between its agents. Methods: The implementation of the required high-speed data interchange in a multi-agent system is only possible when using wireless optical links. Low divergence of laser radiation is an important advantage of these lines, but it greatly complicates the task of establishing and reconfiguring optical information systems. Findings: The paper discusses possible algorithms for solving problems of the establishment and reconfiguration of an optical information system with respect to MRS, which is being developed within the framework of an applied research funded by the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation. Improvements/Novelty: By means of dynamic reconfiguration of the network the proposed algorithms for optical information network construction enable to provide reliable data transfer between the MRS agents at their mutual movement and link loss variation.

A rose is more than a rose … the diatextual constitution of subjects and objects

AbstractThis paper integrates contributions coming from psychology with a phenomenological and semiotic perspective and focuses on the relationship of reciprocal constitution between “Subject” and “Object.” This relationship is evoked through radically different concepts such as the notions of “experience,” “consciousness” and “embodiment,” focusing attention on “discourse” as a macro-procedure generating the mutual link between Subject and Object. Therefore, the relationship between subject and object is identifiable through the text, namely “diatext.” It will be further argued that human beings act as “diatexters” of their existence in the world. Accordingly, psycho-discursive practices have the performative power to constitute both objects and subjects because they offer a creative solution by interlacing the “Body-Mind-Problem” to the “Mind-Culture-Problem.” In detail, the discursive resource granted by metaphors may be recognized as a modelling matrix embodying thought, as the interweaving of conceptual fields and as reasoning processes.

ソーシャル・サポートと信頼との相互関連について : 対人関係の継続性の視点から

ソーシャル・サポートと信頼との相互関連について : 対人関係の継続性の視点から

Pedagogical Praxis as a Process of Developing Professional Competencies in University Education of Future Teachers

Pedagogical praxis plays an important role in the pre-gradual preparation of teachers. As is the case with a doctor, a teacher must also undergo his practical preparation in a real environment with real subjects. The acquirement of professional competencies begins during the pre-gradual preparation and they are further developed in a real educational praxis. Hypothetically, we can talk about a covariant dependence between the length of a teacher's pedagogical praxis and the degree of development of his professional competencies. The degree of the mutual link between these two segments depends on several factors. Pre-gradual preparation of a teacher and a pedagogical praxis realized during this time is one of the most important factors influencing the teacher's future educational praxis and the development of his professional competencies. It is, therefore, necessary to pay an appropriate attention to the realization of the professional praxis not only from a theoretical point of view. The article presents an analysis of the opinions and attitudes of students of the FF UCM, who underwent pedagogical praxis and the opinions of their teacher-trainers. Through a questionnaire the students and the teachers expressed their views of the process of acquiring the key competencies within the pedagogical praxis.

Cross-Border Effects of Car Scrapping Schemes: The Case of the German Car Scrapping Programme and its Effects on the Czech Economy

Many countries decided to launch car scrapping schemes during the 2009 crisis in order to support their car industries and to boost domestic demand. Owing to the existence of significant international trade links in the automotive sector, there is also a strong theoretical foundation for cross-border effects of such scrappage programmes. This paper explores spillovers of the German scheme to the Czech economy on the basis of a close mutual trade link between these two countries and the size of the Czech automotive sector. It is demonstrated that the German programme provided for a significant boost for Czech personal car exports, which were also coupled with increased imports due to large import requirements of the Czech automotive segment. Overall, the contribution of first-round effects of the German car scrapping scheme to the Czech real GDP growth in 2009 is estimated to have reached between 0.4 and 0.5 percentage points.