Mutual Interplay Research Articles

Phosphate metabolism: its impact on disorders of mineral metabolism.

Regulatory molecules typically work cooperatively to ensure the efficient functioning of hormonal systems. Examples include LH and FSH in reproductive biology, insulin and glucagon in glucose metabolism. Similarly, calcium and phosphorus are important regulators of skeletal homeostasis. In the circulation, these molecules are under the control of PTH, 1,25(OHD), and FGF23. In turn, these hormones depend upon a mutual and complex interplay among themselves. For example, alterations in calcium metabolism influence phosphorus homeostasis, as occurs in primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT). Not as well recognized is the influence that abnormalities in phosphorus metabolism can have on calcium homeostasis. In this review, we call attention to the impact that abnormalities in phosphorus can have on calcium metabolism.

Response and conflict expectations shape motor responses interactively

Efficient responses in dynamic environments rely on a combination of readiness and flexibility, regulated by anticipatory and online response control mechanisms. The latter are required when a motor response needs to be reprogrammed or when flanker stimuli induce response conflict and they are crucially modulated by anticipatory signals such as response and conflict expectations. The mutual influence and interplay of these control processes remain to be elucidated. Our behavioral study employed a novel combined response cueing/conflict task designed to test for interactive effects of response reprogramming and conflict resolution and their modulation by expectations. To this end, valid and invalid response cues were combined with congruent and incongruent target flankers. Expectations were modulated by systematically manipulating the proportions of valid versus invalid cues and congruent versus incongruent flanker stimuli in different task blocks. Reaction time and accuracy were assessed in thirty-one healthy volunteers. The results revealed response reprogramming and conflict resolution interactions for both behavioral measures, modulated by response and conflict expectations. Accuracy decreased disproportionally when invalidly cued targets with incongruent flankers were least expected. These findings support coordinated and partially overlapping anticipatory and online response control mechanisms within motor-cognitive networks.

Out-of-sync evolutionary patterns and mutual interplay of major and minor capsid proteins in norovirus GII.2.

Human noroviruses are the most common cause of viral gastroenteritis, resulting annually in 219 000 deaths and a societal cost of $60 billion, and no antivirals or vaccines are available. The minor capsid protein may play a significant role in the evolution of norovirus. GII.4 is the predominant genotype of norovirus, and its VP2 undergoes epochal co-evolution with the major capsid protein VP1. Since the sudden emergence of norovirus GII.2[P16] in 2016, it has consistently remained a significant epidemic strain in recent years. In the construction of phylogenetic trees, the phylogenetic trees of VP2 closely parallel those of VP1 due to the shared tree topology of both proteins. To investigate the interaction patterns between the major and minor capsid proteins of norovirus GII.2, we chose five representative strains of GII.2 norovirus and investigated their evolutionary patterns using a yeast two-hybrid experiment. Our study shows VP1-VP2 interaction in GII.2, with critical interaction sites at 167-178 and 184-186 in the highly variable region. In the intra-within GII.2, we observed no temporal co-evolution between VP1 and VP2 of GII.2. Notable distinctions were observed in the interaction intensity of VP2 among inter-genotype (P<0.05), highlighting the divergent evolutionary patterns of VP2 within different norovirus genotypes. In summary, the interactions between VP2 and VP1 of GII.2 norovirus exhibit out-of-sync evolutionary patterns. This study offered valuable insights for further understanding and completing the evolutionary mechanism of norovirus.

Multidimensional-Based Prediction of Pressure Ulcers Development and Severity in Hospitalized Frail Oldest Old: A Retrospective Study.

In recent times, growing uncertainty has emerged regarding the effectiveness of standard pressure ulcer (PU) risk assessment tools, which are suspected to be no better than clinical judgment, especially in the frail and comorbid elderly population. This study aimed to identify the primary clinical predictive variables for PU development and severity in hospitalized older adults, utilizing a multidimensional frailty assessment, and compare them with the Braden scale. The population consisted of 316 patients, admitted to the Geriatric Unit and Transitional Care of San Bartolomeo Hospital in Sarzana (Italy) during the period 21/02/22-01/07/22. The collected information included both anamnestic and laboratory data. A comprehensive geriatric assessment was performed, including also anthropometric and physical performance measurements. Multivariate logistic analysis was used, both in a binary classification test and in the subsequent ordinal classification test of severity levels. The final performance of the model was assessed by ROC curve estimation and AUC comparison with the Braden scale. Within the population, 152 subjects (48%) developed PU at different levels of severity. The results showed that age, Braden scale (subscales of mobility and friction/shear), Barthel scale, Mini Nutritional Assessment, hemoglobin, and albumin are predictors associated with the development of PU (AUC 85%). The result is an improvement over the use of the Braden scale alone (AUC 75%). Regarding the identification of predictive factors for PU severity, 4AT also emerges as potentially relevant. Assessing the subject's nutritional status, physical performance, and functional autonomies enables the effective integration of the Braden scale in identifying patients most susceptible to developing PU. Our findings support the integration of a comprehensive set of methodologically robust frailty determinants into traditional risk assessment tools. This integration reflects the mutual interplay between patients' frailty, skin frailty, and PU development in very old hospitalized patients.

Developmental psychopathology turns 50: Applying core principles to longitudinal investigation of ADHD in girls and efforts to reduce stigma and discrimination.

The seminal contributions of Dante Cicchetti to the field/paradigm/metaparadigm of developmental psychopathology (DP) - and its continuing ascendance as a guiding force for multidisciplinary investigation of normative and atypical development - are legion. Our aim is to illustrate a number of DP's core principles in the context of (a) prospective longitudinal research on children (particularly girls) with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder and (b) theoretical and empirical work dedicated to alleviating the stigma and discrimination toward those experiencing mental health, substance use, and neurodevelopmental challenges. We feature (i) the mutual interplay of perspectives on normative and non-normative development, (ii) reciprocal and transactional processes, and the constructs of equifinaliy and multifinality; (iii) continuities and discontinuities in developmental processes and outcomes, with particular focus on heterotypic continuity; (iv) the inseparability of heritable and environmental risk; (v) multiple levels of analysis, and (vi) the benefits of qualitative perspectives. We highlight that interventions promoting recovery, along with the multi-level facilitation of protective factors/strengths, lie at the heart of both DP and anti-stigma efforts. The ongoing youth mental-health crisis provides a sobering counterpoint to the gains of the DP enterprise over the past half century.

CTGF, FN1, IL-6, THBS1, and WISP1 genes and PI3K-Akt signaling pathway as prognostic and therapeutic targets in gastric cancer identified by gene network modeling

ObjectiveGastric cancer (GC) is one of the most common malignancies worldwide and it is considered the fourth most common cause of cancer death. This study aimed to find critical genes/pathways in GC pathogenesis to be used as biomarkers or therapeutic targets.MethodsDifferentially expressed genes were explored between human gastric cancerous and noncancerous tissues, and Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes signaling pathway enrichment analyses were done. Hub genes were identified based on the protein–protein interaction network constructed in the STRING database with Cytoscape software. The hub genes were selected for further investigation using GEPIA2 and DrugBank databases.ResultsTen overexpressed hub genes in GC were identified in the current study, including FN1, TP53, IL-6, CXCL5, ELN, ADAMTS2, WISP1, MMP2, CTGF, and THBS1. The study demonstrated the PI3K-Akt pathway's central involvement in GC, with pronounced alterations in essential components. Survival analysis revealed significant correlations between CTGF, FN1, IL-6, THBS1, and WISP1 overexpression and reduced overall survival times in GC patients.ConclusionA mutual interplay emerged, where PI3K-Akt signaling could upregulate certain genes, forming feedback loops and intensifying cancer phenotypes. The interconnected overexpression of genes and the PI3K-Akt pathway fosters gastric tumorigenesis, suggesting therapeutic potential. DrugBank analysis identified limited FDA-approved drugs, advocating for further exploration while targeting these hub genes could reshape GC treatment. The identified genes could be novel diagnostic/prognostic biomarkers or potential therapeutic targets for GC, but further clinical validation is required.

The mutual interplay between NTRK fusion genes and human papillomavirus infection in cervical cancer progression (Review).

Cervical cancer is a significant global health concern, with a substantial portion of cases attributed to human papillomavirus (HPV) infection. Recent advancements in molecular profiling have identified distinct subtypes of cervical cancer based on their genomic alterations. One such subgroup is neurotrophic tropomyosin receptor kinase (NTRK) fusion-positive cervical cancers, characterized by gene fusions involving the NTRK genes. Although both NTRK fusion genes and HPV infections are independently recognized as significant risk factors in cervical cancer, their interplay and mutual effects on cancer progression are not yet fully understood. The present review is the first of its kind to explore the potential interplay between NTRK fusion genes and HPV infections. It surveys in detail how their combined effect can influence the signaling pathways during cervical cancer development and progression. Moreover, the present study discussed the clinical features, histopathological examinations, treatment procedures and follow-up outcomes of NTRK-fusion gene-positive cervical cancer. The present review may help in the understanding of the management and treatment of such rare, lethal and resistant cervical cancers.

Heterogeneous Dual-Dynamic Attention Network for Modeling Mutual Interplay of Stocks

Heterogeneous Dual-Dynamic Attention Network for Modeling Mutual Interplay of Stocks

A novel perspective of calvarial development: the cranial morphogenesis and differentiation regulated by dura mater.

There are lasting concerns on calvarial development because cranium not only accommodates the growing brain, but also safeguards it from exogenous strikes. In the past decades, most studies attributed the dynamic expansion and remodeling of cranium to the proliferation of osteoprecursors in cranial primordium, and the proliferation of osteoprogenitors at the osteogenic front of cranial suture mesenchyme. Further investigations identified series genes expressed in suture mesenchymal cells as the markers of the progenitors, precursors and postnatal stem cells in cranium. However, similar to many other organs, it is suggested that the reciprocal interactions among different tissues also play essential roles in calvarial development. Actually, there are increasing evidence indicating that dura mater (DM) is indispensable for the calvarial morphogenesis and osteogenesis by secreting multiple growth factors, cytokines and extracellular matrix (ECM). Thus, in this review, we first briefly introduce the development of cranium, suture and DM, and then, comprehensively summarize the latest studies exploring the involvement of ECM in DM and cranium development. Eventually, we discussed the reciprocal interactions between calvarium and DM in calvarial development. Actually, our review provides a novel perspective for cranium development by integrating previous classical researches with a spotlight on the mutual interplay between the developing DM and cranium.

Contemporary Wolf Hunters in the Taiga of the Sakha Republic (Yakutia)

Abstract This article presents two ethnographic case studies illustrating the practices and perceptions of contemporary wolf hunters (volchatniki) in the Sakha Republic (Yakutia). We aim to show how contemporary volchatniki rely on individual strategies such as self-crafted technologies and hunting magic. Hunting of wolves must be understood in terms of mutual intimate sensory interplay, an exchange that can be perceived as intersubjective communication between human and non-human persons. This personal interaction creates bonds between humans and certain wolves, allowing some wolves to survive. Despite the technocratic attitude of the Soviet era that wolves were a pest species to be exterminated, volchatniki of today perceive wolves as conscious subjects displaying personality and character. Animistic assumptions of non-human agency play an important role in wolf hunting, in combination with technological advances.

Evaluating Strategies to Enhance Li Transference in Salt-in-Ionic Liquid Electrolytes: Mixed Anions, Coordinating Cations, and High Salt Concentration.

The increased safety of salt-in-ionic liquid electrolytes compared with established carbonate-based systems has promoted intense research in this field, but low conductivities, slow lithium transport, and unfavorable lithium anion correlations still prevent a mass market application. In particular, strong Li-anion correlations lead to dominant vehicular Li transport with the same drift direction for anions and lithium in the electric field. Here, three different strategies and their mutual interplay are evaluated, which could reduce Li-anion coordination, i.e., high salt concentration, a mixed-anion composition, as well as an ether functionalization of the organic cation. To this end, two series of highly concentrated IL-based electrolytes, based on either ethylmethylimidazolium (EMIM) or the ether-functionalized 1-methoxyethyl-1-methylpyrrolidinium (Pyr12O1) organic cation, and employing mixed bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide/bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide (FSI/TFSI) anions are investigated. Measurements of conductivities, diffusion coefficients, and electrophoretic mobilities reveal no beneficial effect due to the increased heterogeneity of the FSI/TFSI-based electrolyte matrix, generally showing improved transport properties with increasing FSI share. However, a combination of both the ether-functionalized cation and high FSI content is proven successful, as lithium mobilities are positive, and vehicular transport is overcome by structural Li transport. Our study demonstrates the decisive role of synergy of the different approaches: While the single effect of a high salt concentration, weakly lithium-coordinating anions, or organic cations with lithium-affine functional groups is too weak to prevent vehicular transport, their joint effect can overcome vehicular Li transport, leading to improved Li conduction in ionic liquids.

Strontium isotope proxy of sedimentological records reveals uplift and erosion in the Southeastern Neo-Tethys ocean during the late Cretaceous

The mutual interplays between plate tectonic processes, orogenesis and continental uplift, high-flux magmatism, and high sedimentation rates can affect the geochemical signatures and composition of marine sediments. Here, we examine two major disconformities, the Cenomanian–Turonian boundary (CT-ES) and the middle Turonian (mT-ES) exposure surfaces, from the Upper Cretaceous sedimentary successions of the southeastern Neo-Tethys Ocean in the Zagros Basin (Iran). The disconformities are expressed as distinct positive peaks in rubidium (Rb) contents and 87Sr/86Sr isotopic ratios of carbonates. The 87Sr/86Sr values of samples bracketing the disconformities in seven well cores give average age ranges of 94.4–93.6 Ma for the CT-ES and 91–86 Ma for the mT-ES. These ages fall in the timespan of forearc/ophiolite formation through subduction initiation in the Neo-Tethys realm (southern margin of Eurasia), high convergence velocities between Arabia and Eurasia, and blueschist exhumation. All these processes involved buckling of the Neo-Tethyan lithosphere, initiating the Neo-Tethys closure and a high erosion rate on the Eurasian margin. The first two mechanisms exerted considerable compressional forces on the adjacent carbonate platforms, reactivated basement faults, and led to the uplift and erosion of the Arabian Plate, which provided the high contents of Rb and the high 87Sr/86Sr ratios in the carbonates.

Ground-state phase diagram and universality of sequential topological valence-bond-solid quantum transitions in a mixed tetramer chain

The ground-state ordering of a quantum mixed-spin Heisenberg tetramer chain composed of an alternate sequence of s = 1 and S=3/2 dimers is studied in detail as a function of two considered exchange interactions ascribed to similar and dissimilar spin pairs. At zero magnetic field, the ferrimagnetic mixed spin-(1, 1, 3/2, 3/2) Heisenberg tetramer chain displays, depending on a mutual interplay between two considered exchange interactions, three distinct gapped valence-bond-solid phases separated by gap-closing quantum critical points. Using density-matrix renormalization group calculations we construct the full ground-state phase diagram as a function of the interaction ratio and magnetic field, which exhibits besides three gapped valence-bond-solid phases special Kosterlitz–Thouless and topological quantum critical points. A tangential finite-size scaling analysis is employed to obtain precise estimates of the zero-field valence-bond-solid transitions and unveil their common logarithmic correction to a power-law scaling of the correlation length.

Asymmetric response emerges between creation and disintegration of force-bearing subcellular structures as revealed by percolation analysis.

Cells dynamically remodel their internal structures by modulating the arrangement of actin filaments (AFs). In this process, individual AFs exhibit stochastic behavior without knowing the macroscopic higher-order structures they are meant to create or disintegrate, but the mechanism allowing for such stochastic process-driven remodeling of subcellular structures remains incompletely understood. Here we employ percolation theory to explore how AFs interacting only with neighboring ones without recognizing the overall configuration can nonetheless create a substantial structure referred to as stress fibers (SFs) at particular locations. We determined the interaction probabilities of AFs undergoing cellular tensional homeostasis, a fundamental property maintaining intracellular tension. We showed that the duration required for the creation of SFs is shortened by the increased amount of preexisting actin meshwork, while the disintegration occurs independently of the presence of actin meshwork, suggesting that the coexistence of tension-bearing and non-bearing elements allows cells to promptly transition to new states in accordance with transient environmental changes. The origin of this asymmetry between creation and disintegration, consistently observed in actual cells, is elucidated through a minimal model analysis by examining the intrinsic nature of mechano-signal transmission. Specifically, unlike the symmetric case involving biochemical communication, physical communication to sense environmental changes is facilitated via AFs under tension, while other free AFs dissociated from tension-bearing structures exhibit stochastic behavior. Thus, both the numerical and minimal models demonstrate the essence of intracellular percolation, in which macroscopic asymmetry observed at the cellular level emerges not from microscopic asymmetry in the interaction probabilities of individual molecules, but rather only as a consequence of the manner of the mechano-signal transmission. These results provide novel insights into the role of the mutual interplay between distinct subcellular structures with and without tension-bearing capability. Insight: Cells continuously remodel their internal elements or structural proteins in response to environmental changes. Despite the stochastic behavior of individual structural proteins, which lack awareness of the larger subcellular structures they are meant to create or disintegrate, this self-assembly process somehow occurs to enable adaptation to the environment. Here we demonstrated through percolation simulations and minimal model analyses that there is an asymmetry in the response between the creation and disintegration of subcellular structures, which can aid environmental adaptation. This asymmetry inherently arises from the nature of mechano-signal transmission through structural proteins, namely tension-mediated information exchange within cells, despite the stochastic behavior of individual proteins lacking asymmetric characters in themselves.

STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS OF UNPUBLISHED CHAGATAI-PERSIAN DICTIONARIES OF THE 16th–18th CENTURIES: LEXICOGRAPHIC AND SOCIOCULTURAL ASPECTS

The investigation delves into Chagatai-Persian dictionaries from the 16th to the 18th centuries, preserved in the Central Library of Punjab University. The article aims to study the structural features of these dictionaries in the context of their sociocultural significance and influence on the further development of Turkic languages. These invaluable medieval artifacts underwent detailed scrutiny using multiple methods, encompassing structural, lexical, codicological, lexicographic and sociocultural analyses. Within a single manuscript cover, there exist six treatises on the Turkic-Persian lexicon alongside a textbook elucidating Turkic language grammar. These are inscribed in the Perso-Arabic script, a writing system employed for the Chagatai language. The chief lexicographic design integrates headwords and their explanations in couplets, avoiding any typographic or grammatical demarcation. The artful use of rhyme schemes is evident in the systematic arrangement of headwords. A thorough scrutiny of these medieval Chagatai-Persian dictionaries brings to light their distinct lexicographical framework, crafted meticulously to support linguistic conservation. These works capture a wide spectrum of vocabulary from different Turkic territories, underlining the endeavor to encapsulate a broad cultural legacy. Elements such as rhyming masnavi-inspired explanatory sentences, thematic clusters, and dedicated segments on commands and equine terminology are observed. Notably, the integration of Persian elements, especially in the form of auxiliary verbs, symbolizes a fusion of languages. The dictionaries showcase an emphasis on practical vocabulary acquisition through the harmonious pairing of headwords with poetic contexts, devoid of typographic or grammatical deviations. Despite the headword’s seamless integration, there is meticulous attention to maintaining rhyming continuity. The rarity of prefaces is counterbalanced by the richness of colophons, which offer vital details about the manuscript. Though the Chagatai language receded over time, the indelible mark left by these dictionaries endures, with remnants identifiable in modern Turkic vocabularies. A more exhaustive comparative exploration of these works could further deepen insights into Chagatai linguistics and lexicographic practices during the medieval period. This study also triggers broader reflections on the pivotal role of bilingual lexicons in safeguarding vulnerable linguistic treasures. By methodically presenting and analyzing these linguistic gems, the investigation facilitates their appreciation within scholarly circles, underscoring the Turkic cultural legacy. This also solidifies their recognition as prime examples of the mutual literary interplay between Turkic and Persian traditions, a relationship rooted in the medieval timeframe.

Boosting catalytic activity toward methanol oxidation reaction for platinum via heterostructure engineering

Direct methanol fuel cell (DMFC) is hampered by the sluggish methanol oxidation reaction. In this work, we have invited rhodium phosphides (Rh2P) to platinum (Pt) as robust MOR electrocatalyst ascribing the excellent water dissociation capability of Rh2P to generate Pt(OH)ads species to mitigate the CO poisoning. MOR mass activity of Rh2P-Pt/C is enhanced by 2- and 3.5-time with relative to commercial Pt/C and PtRu/C, respectively; additionally, the CO anti-poisoning ability is also boosted by 2.4 folds than Pt/C. The in-situ electrochemical impedance spectroscopy test reveals that the water dissociation is accelerated by Rh2P; moreover, the mutual electronic interplay between Pt and Rh2P contributes to a superior resistance towards electrochemical dissolution and coalescence. The theoretical investigation also indicates that d band center of Pt in Rh2P-Pt is downshifted resulting in a lower CO binding strength.

Flow and heat transfer regimes in Rayleigh–Bénard convection with a melting boundary

This paper analyses the flow and heat transfer regimes arising in Rayleigh–Bénard convection with a melting boundary by means of numerical simulations based on the lattice Boltzmann method. By systematically varying the Rayleigh and Prandtl numbers, we unveil an intriguing spectrum of patterns and transitions. Our results provide critical insight into the mutual interplay between thermal convection, melting, and fluid dynamics, shedding light on the complex behavior of such systems.

COVID-19 and Diabetes Mellitus: Mutual Interplay of Two Diseases.

Currently, when the world is fighting against the rapidly spreading pandemic of COVID-19, the silent epidemic of diabetes should not be set aside. In comparison, while COVID- 19 led to about 6 million deaths in 2021, diabetes caused 6.7 million deaths in the same year. Diabetes mellitus is a serious risk factor for worse outcomes in COVID-19 patients. Moreover, it seems that there is a bidirectional relationship between pre-existing diabetes pandemic and the rapidly spreading COVID-19 pandemic. In this article, we summarize mechanisms by which SARS-CoV-2 infects the host cell and discuss the bidirectional relationship between diabetes and COVID-19. We also focus on clinical variables in which diabetic patients differ from non-diabetic patients and which could have promising predictive value for the course and outcome of diabetic COVID-19 patients' therapy management.

The European System of Banking Law. A Tribute to Stefan Grundmann

Despite its apparent fragmentation, the Union’s private law must be seen as a coherent legal system, which is constitutionally based on a mutual interplay between private liberties and market regulation and designed to achieve economic (and social) integration between the Member States. As banking law illustrates, fundamental principles and public policies tend to flow into individual rights and duties, particularly with regard to consumer protection. Since the Union’s private law has to coexist with those of the Member States, it must draw on the best instances of national cultures, which, conversely, have to traverse a process of Europeanisation. Stefan Grundmann urged scholars to equip European private law with an apparatus of legal methodology capable of ensuring its coherent interpretation and supplementation and of vouching for its unity. European private law, Legal methodology, Consumer protection, Private law and market regulation, Banking law, Responsible lending, ADR systems, Punitive damages.

Agomelatine improves memory and learning impairments in a rat model of LPS-induced neurotoxicity by modulating the ERK/SorLA/BDNF/TrkB pathway

The mutual interplay between neuroinflammation, synaptic plasticity, and autophagy has piqued researchers’ interest, particularly when it comes to linking their impact and relationship to cognitive deficits. Being able to reduce inflammation and apoptosis, melatonin has shown to have positive neuroprotective effects; that is why we thought to check the possible role of agomelatine (AGO) as a promising candidate that could have a positive impact on cognitive deficits. In the current study, AGO (40 mg/kg/day, p.o., 7 days) successfully ameliorated the cognitive and learning disabilities caused by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in rats (250 μg/kg/day, i.p., 7 days). This positive impact was supported by improved histopathological findings and improved spatial memory as assessed using Morris water maze. AGO showed a strong ability to control BACE1 activity and to rein in the hippocampal amyloid beta (Aβ) deposition. Also, it improved neuronal survival, neuroplasticity, and neurogenesis by boosting BDNF levels and promoting its advantageous effects and by reinforcing the pTrkB expression. In addition, it upregulated the pre- and postsynaptic neuroplasticity biomarkers resembled in synapsin I, synaptophysin, and PSD-95. Furthermore, AGO showed a modulatory action on Sortilin-related receptor with A-type repeats (SorLA) pathway and adjusted autophagy. It is noteworthy that all of these actions were abolished by administering PD98059 a MEK/ERK pathway inhibitor (0.3 mg/kg/day, i.p., 7 days). In conclusion, AGO administration significantly improves memory and learning disabilities associated with LPS administration by modulating the ERK/SorLA/BDNF/TrkB signaling pathway parallel to its capacity to adjust the autophagic process.