Mutual Interests Research Articles

The Role of the EU in Asian Security: Between Transatlantic Coordination and Strategic Autonomy

The Role of the EU in Asian Security:Between Transatlantic Coordination and Strategic Autonomy Yong Deng (bio) keywords Europe, Asia, China, Transatlantic Coordination, United States [End Page 105] executive summary This article examines the struggles of the European Union and the principal European powers to define their security role in Asia and considers the implications for transatlantic cooperation. main argument Lack of coordination on Asian security has frequently surprised and frustrated policymakers on both sides of the Atlantic. In several high-stakes instances, such as the EU states' dual-use technology sales to China, participation in the Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank, and reactions to the international tribunal ruling on the South China Sea, the EU seemed to have acted against U.S. policy. The transatlantic alliance has been largely lost in the U.S. pivot and Indo-Pacific strategy. Despite historical dominance, Europe today has limited presence and capacity in the Asia-Pacific region. While the security threats from Asia are hardly existential for the EU or European powers, their economic interests in a connected Eurasia are fast-growing. The EU and its states have long preferred multilateralism and engagement over hard-power logic, which is evident in how they have traditionally dealt with China. But in light of the crisscrossing challenges posed by Asia's rise, Europe can no longer stay above the fray and must assert a role in an evolving Asia-Pacific. policy implications • Europe's role in Asia has come to a crossroads as it grapples with the new geopolitical and geoeconomic realities of Eurasian connectivity. The crux of the matter is to find the right balance between its traditional alliance with the U.S. and the new imperative for strategic autonomy on Asian issues. • As Europe occupies a pivotal position in the evolving Asian order, careful management of the transatlantic alliance is needed more than ever. Policymakers on both sides should be mindful of the limited European presence in Asia as well as approaches that are distinct from those of the U.S. • The EU and European leaders should think strategically about how to best leverage Europe's unique strengths and visions for an effective role that sustains a rules-based order while managing great-power politics in Asia. [End Page 106] The transatlantic alliance and cooperative relationship between Europe and the United States have together formed the key pillar of the liberal world order since the end of World War II. The rise of Asia over the last few decades, coupled with the global financial crisis in 2007–8, has allowed the region to challenge the preeminence of Europe and North America. Yet Asia's renaissance has also unsettled regional security dynamics and fundamentally destabilized the international status quo. As the center of global geopolitics has shifted east, the United States has pivoted and strategically rebalanced toward Asia. During the Obama administration, the United States called upon the European Union to join in a coordinated transatlantic response to Asian security. Indeed, Kurt Campbell, former U.S. assistant secretary of state, has declared that the U.S. pivot "is meant to be a pivot to Asia with Europe, not a pivot to Asia from Europe."1 However, even before the Trump administration, the EU had been called a security free rider, and the two sides of the Atlantic "on occasion hindered rather than enabled the other's policy objectives and impeded the realization of mutual strategic interests."2 Some of the inadequacies of the transatlantic alliance are evident in how the EU and European powers have handled the Obama administration's rebalance, China's economic and security globalization in the form of the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI), and the Trump administration's nebulous Indo-Pacific strategy. While there is no shortage of communication channels, insufficient institutionalization has beset transatlantic consultations on Asian security.3 By comparison, EU-China dialogue has significantly increased. According to a 2016 European Commission report, "the EU and China are engaged in almost one hundred dialogues and workshops in a typical year."4 This has caught the attention of the Trump administration. Now, U.S. embassies in many European capitals are staffed with China-focused personnel, and "roughly 150 U...

A Few Words about Being-in-common

The paper deals with the identification of different aspects of being-incommon (jointness) varying from linguistic one — a traditional linkage between the jointness and a community and identity to a philosophical one — through a reference to the concept “Being with” (Heidegger), “multiplicity” (Nancy, Virno, Blanchot). Although the reflection on “multiplicity” detects another problem mentioned by Nancy when he argued that meaning as such is impossible where there is no difference. The article considers a status and position of the individual in a community and puts forward a hypothesis according to which a person does not possess an ability to shape his individuality (a system of distinctions) within the framework of a certain plurality that lacks unity. The person constructs his ego and the ego ideal (Z. Freud) using discursive and role-driven blocks presented to him by various groups with relative identity. When exploring the phenomenon of “Compatibility” one can reveal one more problem: if a community evolves from a stabilized, slowed-down antagonism that cements, and at the same time, undermines its unity (Loraux), then the question arises why the community does not disintegrate under the impact of a divisive impulse, and what necessary and sufficient conditions for the preservation of jointness are. Inner tension and vulnerability act as such conditions in the article. The principle of instability becomes a basis of jointness and thus distinguishes it from multiplicity. The tradition to identify the functioning of power as a cementing means of the preservation of jointness (Georges Balandier) does not take into account the role of mutual interests, cultural and intentional closeness. “Jointness” is alive as long as there is dynamics, movement, change (as evidenced by the research on totalitarian regimes by Hannah Arendt). Therefore, the regime of jointness is a well-balanced dynamics and statics that should be in a state of fragile unstable equilibrium. Mata stability described by Gilbert Simondon in his philosophy of individuation can be an ideal model of equilibrium.

Improving the mechanism of interaction between public and private enterprises

The purpose of this paper is to improve methodological provisions for the organization and practical implementation of the interaction of public and private enterprises in order to increase the efficiency of their activities, taking into account mutual interests. A model has been formed for assessing the efficiency of overcoming administrative barriers by entrepreneurial entities, which is based on taking into account the price and time for entrepreneurs to overcome problems in running their business. The system of indicators for the development of interaction between public and private enterprises is structured, which allows analyzing trends in the development of interaction processes in a wide range of areas: resource availability, administrative barriers, development of competition, ensuring the security of business, information openness, innovative development.

Несостоявшийся брак наследного принца Оранского и принцессы Шарлотты Уэльской

Dynastic marriages between reigning Houses of Europe have always played an essential role in the foreign policy of countries, consolidating their cooperation. The defeat of Napoleon by the Russian Emperor Alexander I in the Patriotic War of 1812 proved the feasibility of liberation of Europe from France’s oppression and created favourable conditions for the British Prince Regent George, future king George IV of the United Kingdom, and the Dutch Prince William of Orange, future king William I of the Netherlands, to embark on the realization of a dynastic alliance between their children - Princess Charlotte of Wales and Hereditary Prince William of Orange. However, even though nearly all necessary preparations were made, the British-Dutch dynastic alliance plan collapsed in June 1814 on the initiative of the wayward Princess of Wales. That played into the hands of Alexander I who set sights on the Dutch Hereditary Prince as a prospective spouse for his younger sister Grand Duchess Anna, and the Tsar did not want to yield to England. In the article the author, by using archival sources most of which are of Dutch origin, reveals the mutual interests of the Netherlands and Great Britain which determined the idea of a dynastic marriage, analyses the possible role of Alexander I in its failure that eventually paved the way towards the Russian-Dutch dynastic alliance.

The Fabulous Journeys of Alice and Pinocchio: Exploring Their Parallel Worlds by Laura Tosi with Peter Hunt

Reviewed by: The Fabulous Journeys of Alice and Pinocchio: Exploring Their Parallel Worlds by Laura Tosi with Peter Hunt Jan Susina (bio) The Fabulous Journeys of Alice and Pinocchio: Exploring Their Parallel Worlds. By Laura Tosi with Peter Hunt. McFarland, 2018. Books speak to other books, both consciously and unconsciously. I frequently pair the reading of texts whose themes or plots overlap: Louisa May Alcott's Little Women and Mark Twain's Tom Sawyer; Lewis Carroll's Alice's Adventures in Wonderland and L. Frank Baum's The Wonderful Wizard of Oz; and Heinrich Hoffmann's Struwwelpeter and Roald Dahl's Charlie and the Chocolate Factory. But, although I often include both Alice and Carlo Collodi's Pinocchio in a history of children's literature course, it has never occurred to me to pair these two novels. After reading Laura Tosi's study that is intended to be "a critical narrative and a parallel reading of two classics, which records mutual interests and avenues of exploration between and across diverse linguistic, historical, and national borders of England and Italy" (2), such a pairing now appears obvious to me. The most useful aspects of this study lie in Tosi's carefully examination of Pinocchio, drawing upon her own scholarship as well as that of other Italian scholars not previously translated into English. As an Italian children's literature scholar, Tosi spends about sixty percent of the book examining Pinocchio and the other forty percent focusing on Alice. While Peter Hunt's name also appears in the title, he contributes just two short sections to this volume—the first in chapter 2, detailing how Alice and Pinocchio function as gendered children's books, and the second in chapter 4, discussing the use of fairies by Carroll, Collodi, George MacDonald, and Charles Kingsley—and in the Appendix his own quirky contemporary fairy tale, "The Strange Meeting in Wonder-Tuscany," in which he imagines the meeting of these two famous protagonists. Tosi acknowledges that Alice and Pinocchio differ in many ways, including their literary sources, authorial intentions, and the widely differing political and cultural backgrounds of the authors, yet she makes compelling claims for similarities between the two distinctive texts. Both books were written by eccentric bachelors who [End Page 192] published under pen names, and both were intended for a dual audience of children and adults. Building on the work of Ann Lucas Lawson, who has previously written on the similar nature of the authors' biographies, their frequent use of talking animals, and the pivotal use of courtroom scenes, Tosi argues that the books are also similar in their structure and composition: both are episodic wanderings of a protagonist who is confronted by a series of odd and somewhat threatening creatures during their travels. Curiously, both authors constructed the stories in two distinct sections. While Carroll intended Alice's Adventures in Wonderland and its sequel Through the Looking-Glass to be separate texts, the strong interlocking and mirroring of characters and episodes between the two volumes has led many publishers and makers of film adaptations to blend them into a single text. Similarly, Collodi produced Pinocchio in two distinct stages. Pinocchio I, initially published in the children's magazine Giornale dei bambini in 1881, originally ended with what is now chapter 15, which features the protagonist's gruesome death. At the request of the magazine's readers, Pinocchio II begins with his revival and chronicles his continuing struggle to become a real boy. Both texts are strongly influenced by the fairy tale and fantasy tradition. In addition, each is lauded as a national literary icon; Alice is considered stereotypically British and Pinocchio is viewed as an embodiment of Italian culture. Both texts are highly theatrical in nature, with Alice being influenced by the British pantomime tradition and Pinocchio growing out the world of puppetry. Alice and Pinocchio experience unexpected and grotesque body changes; after eating, Alice grows either too tall or too short for her environment and experiences an elongated neck, while Pinocchio is famous for his nose that grows when he tells lies. Metamorphosis occurs in both books, with the Duchess's baby transformed into a pig in Alice's arms, and...

Ekonomski odnosi između Bugarske i Srbije - trenutno stanje i mogućnosti

The main goal of this paper is to make a survey of the current state of the economic relations between Bulgaria and Serbia and to outline some recommendations for their future development. The analytical framework is based on a desk research of the economic cooperation between both countries and a study of several European projects in which they participate. Statistical data and information from official documents of the governments of Bulgaria and Serbia, as well as documents of the European Union have been used. The author does not aim to make just a comparative analysis but rather to look for the points of intersection of the mutual interests of both countries. The findings of the research enable the evaluation of the depth of economic cooperation between Bulgaria and Serbia and give grounds for conclusions about the prospects for expanding of their economic ties.

Optimization Principles of Penal Execution System of Russia in the Context of European Penitentiary Practice

Russia’s accession to the European Council and ratification of the European Convention on Human Rights caused considerable improvement of detainees’ living conditions. However, at present these transformations are inert and unstable. The framework for the development of the penitentiary system of the Russian Federation for the period until 2020 in terms of the study and dissemination of foreign experience in the area of execution of penalties is the subject-matter of research. The dissemination of this experience however can prove both progressive and regressive meaning for the optimization of domestic penitentiary system. The use of the method of legal-comparative studies, stressing the importance of the European example in execution of penalties, gives the opportunity to add some principles to the domestic penitentiary system, and among them: reciprocity of mutual interests of personality, society and state; feasibility to use foreign penitentiary experience; consistency that makes it possible to avoid conflicting between national and international law from the point of view of social economic facilities to realize humanitarian standards; the systematic issue as one of the capacity to suppose a clearly defined time sequence of publication and implementation of penitentiary norms. In the light of these principles the penitentiary policy of the Russian Federation is being criticized. Among applications of detainees to the European Court on Human Rights there is a tendency to increase the number of claims of violations of the detainees’ constitutional rights by the established prison security requirements. The results of this research testify about the possibility to use them while reviewing domestic conceptual framework of prison security which continues to express punitive claims primarily of the state to the detainee. Provisions of the European penitentiary rules are far from being fully realized in western prison systems, and that is why they are to be interpreted with the utmost care in legislative statements of the penitentiary legislation of Russia. The research is to conclude about the possibility to account on the critical remarks given in the article when working out on the Concept of modernization of the penal execution system (2021-2030)

Analysis of Temporary Employment Company Business Environment

Analysis of Temporary Employment Company Business Environment

INDO-USA Nuclear Deal: Implications for Pakistan

In the arena of international system, every state tries to maximize its own power for its self-survival. States are enhancing their power to increase their hegemony. That is why India and United States have led to a strategic partnership due to mutual interests in global politics such as promoting democracy and fighting terrorism. After that, they extend their collaboration across the economy, technology and atomic energy. In the South Asian security environment, the United States of America (USA) and India have a strong bond of strategic partnership due to the power struggle between the regional powers. India and USA started nuclear deal on 2005 which was completed on 2006. Behind this deal, both states increase their influence in this region. India seeks lasting partnerships with USA to achieve its strategic ambitions. The partnership of nuclear agreement between the USA and India will gain long-term national interests. This research highlights complex present-day demonstration of demonic incidence which emerged after this relationship and its implications on Pakistan.

Generalized Graph k-Coloring Games

We investigate pure Nash equilibria in generalized graphk-coloring games where we are given an edge-weighted undirected graph together with a set of k colors. Nodes represent players and edges capture their mutual interests. The strategy set of each player consists of k colors. The utility of a player v in a given state or coloring is given by the sum of the weights of edges {v, u} incident to v such that the color chosen by v is different than the one chosen by u, plus the profit gained by using the chosen color. Such games form some of the basic payoff structures in game theory, model lots of real-world scenarios with selfish players and extend or are related to several fundamental class of games. We first show that generalized graph k-coloring games are potential games. In particular, they are convergent and thus Nash Equilibria always exist. We then evaluate their performance by means of the widely used notions of price of anarchy and price of stability and provide tight bounds for two natural and widely used social welfare, i.e., utilitarian and egalitarian social welfare.

EXPLORING VIDEO CHAT FOR SOCIAL ENGAGEMENT IN OLDER ADULTS WITH AND WITHOUT COGNITIVE IMPAIRMENT

Social engagement technologies have the potential to benefit health and quality of life in older adults with and without mild cognitive impairment (MCI). However, technologies are rarely designed to accommodate the interests, capabilities, and limitations of these populations. In the current study, we focused on examining the potential of video chat to socially engage older adults with and without MCI by providing opportunities to link people with shared interests. Eight cognitively normal older adults (Mage: 73.3 years) and five with MCI (Mage: 70.0 years) completed a four-week experiential field trial using a novel online video chat platform called OneClick. System Usability Scale scores at both pre- and post-assessment revealed that OneClick was easy to use for older adults with and without MCI, however individuals with MCI experienced more technical issues and required additional assistance to use the system. Pre- to post- comparisons of questionnaire data revealed positive changes for the Quality of Life, Friendship/Social Isolation, and Loneliness scales in both groups. Of the 13 participants, five cognitively normal and four individuals with MCI reported that they would be interested in continuing to use the video chat system at home to connect with family and friends or to discuss topics of mutual interests. Overall, all participants enjoyed using the video chat system as a means for social engagement and showed trends for social health and quality of life benefits. This field trial illustrates the potential for video chat to provide social engagement opportunities for older adults with and without cognitive impairment.

Unseen Contributor to the Tensions in Georgia`

The purpose of the research is to examine importance of Georgia’s current relations with its neighboring Russia and Azerbaijan and to estimate risks that deterioration of these relations can bring to Georgia’s economy. Of particular interest is to understand who stands behind the tensions happened in Georgia in the run-up to the tourist season of 2019 or at least to figure out possible motives behind the events. Interdependence of the states is analyzed through historical review of their relations and estimation of their current mutual interests. Considering risks and aspirations of the sides in the tensions, the motives behind are suggested. The data received depicts that none of these tensions were initiated by Georgia following its interests, on the contrary, its ruling party’s most visible achievement had been the ability to maintain positive and beneficial relations with both Russia and Azerbaijan. Thus, the Georgian government considered to be a victim in this case. The paper concludes that Georgian government is unable to react on provocations in a timely fashion due to absence of agreement in the ruling party and being quite fragile for outside forces that try to influence the country’s political processes. Unless Georgia manages to build more interdependent or less dependent relations with superpowers, it will be unable to avoid repetition of such manipulations.

Forgoing the Bomb But Not the Technology: Understanding the Relationship Between Bolivian Foreign Policy and Nuclear Technology

Nuclear technology remains a critical point of interest for many states in the post-Cold War era either as they enhance their weapons arsenal and/or advance on the peaceful uses of nuclear technology. This can become problematic for smaller states that greater powers are suspicious of. Using Bolivia as a case study this article seeks to understand how Bolivia has accommodated the three pillars of the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty into its foreign policy in an attempt to elude suspicion and develop atoms for peace. This investigation is undertaken by using desktop research that seeks to understand Bolivia’s stances toward nuclear weapons as well as its desires (and how it seeks to fulfil these desires) of obtaining peaceful nuclear technology. The findings suggest that Bolivia is fully compliant with the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty, and is not discriminatory in the selection of its partners both at home and abroad as long as they share mutual interests and yield the best possible outcome for Bolivia. Furthermore, this research also reveals that Bolivia has been tactful in its alliance and partner formation so that those chosen help to elevate Bolivia’s international status. In conclusion, it is unquestionable that Bolivia has created some remarkable opportunities for itself thanks to its tactfulness; however, Bolivia also faces some key domestic economic realities that could hinder its ambitions.

Peculiarities of construction of local self-government models in the modern slavic states

The peculiarities of construction of local self-government models in the modern Slavic States, which in the 90-s of XX century abandoned the socialist path of development, – have been examined. The aim of the study is to identify specific features and common approaches to the construction of local self-government system, based on the analysis of the practice of local self-government institutions of the Slavic States and the provisions of the Constitutions of the Republic of Serbia, the Republic of Poland, the Czech Republic, the Slovak Republic, Ukraine, the Republic of Croatia, the Russian Federation, etc.The organizational forms of local self-government and the particularities of the implementation of local issues, taking into account national traditions, – have been analyzed. In this connection, the majority of modern Slavic States recognizes and guarantees local self-government as the most important constitutional value and institution of the people’s right. It has been determined, that the list of issues of local importance mainly affects the areas of urban planning, municipal activities, culture, sports, social protection of the population and children, preschool education, healthcare, approval of municipal programs of economic development, local budgets, taxes and fees, the appointment of local referendums, etc. However, there there is a number of countries, in which local government issues are not specified in the Constitution. Among the criteria for the difference between the models of local self-government are the following: the list of issues of local importance and competence of local self-government bodies; relations with public authorities and the degree of freedom of local self-government from the state; territorial organization of local self-government, etc.It has been concluded, that the most common form of interaction between public authorities and local self-government for the Slavic states at the beginning of the XXI century, was the Zemstvo-state model, that takes into account the mutual interests of a sovereign power and the population, living within certain territorial communities.

KEWENANGAN DEWAN PEMBINA DAN PENGENDALI PENGELOLAAN KOLABOATIF (DP3K) TAMAN NASIONAL KAYAN MENTARANG (TNKM) NASIONAL KAYAN MENTARANG (TNKM)

Abstract KMNP (Taman Nasional Kayan Mentarang) collaborative management essentially an innovation in the management of National Parks in Indonesia that promote mutual interests, shared responsibility, the role and benefits between government, local communities and NGOs. In this paper, the issue raised is the authority of the Dewan Pembina dan Pengendali Pengelolaan Kolaboratif (DP3K) KMNP. The aim of this study was to determine and analyze the authority of the Board of Trustees and Collaborative Management Controller (DP3K) Kayan. This type of research is the study of normative juridical approach to legislation and conceptual approach and the use of primary and secondary law with a qualitative analysis approach. Based on the results, the conclusion that the authority DP3K TNKM among others embodies the aspirations of the parties in order to develop and control the implementation of collaborative management KMNP.Keywords: National Parks, collaborative management, Authority.

Relationship Between Turkey and Kazakhstan, Commercial Relationship Problem Of Reflection

Aynı dili konuşan, ortak değer, inanç, dine mensup, ortak tarihi geçmişe sahip iki ülke Kazakistan ve Türkiye’dir. Bu iki ülke arasındaki kültürel bağlar ve kardeşlik ilişkileri stratejik ortaklık, müttefiklik boyutunda olmasına rağmen iki ülke arasındaki ticaret ifade edilen ilişkilerin düzeyinden oldukça uzaktır. Türkiye tarafından Hindistan'dan bir yılda ithal edilen motorinin ticaret hacmi Kazakistan ile gerçekleştirilen yıllık toplam ticaret hacmine neredeyse eşit olması bu duruma bir örnek teşkil etmektedir. Kazakistan'ın bir kara ülkesi olması ve açık denizlere uzaklığı ikili ticari ilişkileri kısıtlamaktadır. Buna karşın özellikle karşılıklı seferlere yeni başlayan Bakü-Tiflis-Kars (BTK) demiryolu ticari ilişkileri geliştirmesi beklenmektedir. Kazakistan'ın iç bölgelerinden Aktav Limanına ve oradan BTK demiryolu aracılığıyla Mersin'e ulaşan yükler ve karşılıklı seferler ticari açıdan önemli bir gelişmedir. Aynı zamanda bu gelişme Kazakistan'a Akdeniz kıyısı ülkeler aracılığıyla Güney Avrupa, Kuzey Afrika ve Ortadoğu'ya erişimini sağlayarak yeni pazarlara ulaşım imkânı sağlayacaktır. Yapılan bu çalışmada Bakü-Tiflis-Kars demiryolu Kazakistan-Türkiye arasında karşılıklı çıkarlarının korunması temelinde ticaret ilişkilerinin arttırılması ile mevcut potansiyellerinin değerlendirilmesi ve oluşacak ticaretin kültürel etkileşimine olan etkisi araştırılmaktadır.

A model of optimising political expenditures to buy government power

This research develops a model of optimal political expenditures and shows how money inevitably controls government leaders, subject only to a single constraint relating to negative public reaction. The paper demonstrates theoretically why many businesses do not make such investments despite abnormally high returns from the expended political capital. In particular, firms with less economic resources optimally recognise that they can successfully participate in the political process only in consortium with the dominant players of mutual interests to influence broader government policies. The largest corporations are therefore able to buy government power with a minimal political outlay.

On being nice and effective: Work‐related emotional intelligence and its role in conflict resolution and interpersonal problem‐solving

AbstractPeople are thought to differ in their abilities to perceive, understand, and manage emotions, a construct termed emotional intelligence (EI). North Dakota emotional abilities test (NEAT), a test of EI based on the situation judgment test method, assesses EI applied to work settings. Three survey‐based studies examined and found that NEAT scores correlated positively with constructive motivations and behavioral intentions (Study 1; n = 94), conflict handling strategies favoring mutual interests (Study 2; n = 92), and helpful workplace behaviors, particularly under stressful conditions (Study 3; n = 90). These findings could possess particular value in domains such as conflict resolution and mediation.

U.S.-VIETNAM RELATIONS IN THE TRUMP ERA

This paper seeks to examine U.S.-Vietnam relations under the Trump administration. It will concentrate on the political, economic and security dimensions of the relationship. It will demonstrate that the Trump administration's policy towards Vietnam has many elements of Obama's policy towards Vietnam. Though President Trump has focused on the trade deficit with Vietnam, the Trump administration has worked closely with the Vietnamese government to intensify the partnership with Vietnam. It should be noted that in the context of China's growing assertiveness in the South China Sea, Hanoi and Washington see that it is in their mutual interests to advance their security cooperation. The last two years have witnessed the increasing partnership between Vietnam and the United States.

Prospects for Russian-Iranian relations in the nuclear Field

Russia is one of the influential participants in the technical and political process of Iranian nuclear programme. Russian-Iranian relations in the nuclear field have been developing fora long time. The article discusses the factors that determine Russia’s approaches to cooperationwith Iran on the nuclear issue. Moscow’s policy takes into account the nature of bilateral Russian-Iranian relations, as well as the development of global processes. The position of Russia onthe further implementation of the Iranian nuclear programme is being considered in accordancewith the agreements reached within the Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action (JCPOA) and takinginto account the change in the position of the United States.Russia and Iran have to take into account foreign factors. This is the sanctions policy of Westerncountries for Russia and moreover it has been constantly intensifying since 2014. The events inCrimea, which led to its entry into Russia, were the main reason for the revision of the relationsbetween the West and Russia. In turn, Iran has uneasy relationships with adjacent states. It wasnot so easy to build relationships with Western countries. The American’s revision of its policyon Iran’s atomic programme violated the current balance of Tehran’s relations with the West,which could lead to a further development of relations between Iran and Russia. Russian-Iraniancooperation is based on the mutual interests of the two countries including their internal politicaldevelopment and political processes in the modern world.