Mutual Friends Research Articles

"Reverse Centrifugal Movement": Reading Liminality at the Shrinescape

Abstract: This paper main objective is to explain the nature and dynamics of solidarity and kindness that being shown in arbain walk, an annual Shi`i pilgrimage where noticeable presence of non-Muslims are observed. Coming from different religious and ethnic backgrounds, these lovers of Imam Husain are united by Imam Husain`s barakah in one hand and epic hospitality of Iraqi people for Imam Husain`s millions of devotee in other hand. The paper argues that this is an elaborated form of liminality, as emerge and envelope the pilgrims in their shrine-related religious activity, cordially affected by its shrine centered pilgrimage, namely Imam Husain`s shrine, in which shrine`s materiality and its multilayered intellectual and spiritual narrativity determines the form and intensity of pilgrim`s comradeship that being sensed. Reverse centrifugal movement is a dynamics through which Imam Husain`s shrinescape shapes the form and intensity of mutual friendship that emerge during this bigger than hajj annual rite.

Pseudo-Clementine Writings as Evidence of Friendship, Christian Community, and Polemics in the Early Church

This study focuses on the Pseudo-Clementine writings as examples of Jewish-Christian literature between the second and fourth centuries CE. In view of their mutual antagonism and friendship, it interprets them as an attempt at orthodoxy, an instance of the line which led from Paul’s mission to the Nicaean Council. On the one hand, the Pseudo-Clementines introduce peculiar rationalist Christology, while at the same time opposing both Gnosticism and paganism, as well as coming to terms with other early Christian schools. They also use the image of family to represent the Christian community connected by love, in which relationships acquire a new quality as compared to friendship.

Children's ADHD Symptoms and Friendship Patterns across a School Year.

Symptoms of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in elementary school-age children are associated with poor relationships with classroom peers, as indicated by poor social preference, low peer support, and peer victimization. Less is known about how friendship patterns relate to ADHD symptoms, or how friendships may buffer risk for negative peer experiences. Participants were 558 children in 34 classrooms (grades K-5). At the beginning (fall) and end (spring) of an academic year, children completed (a) sociometric interviews to index friendship patterns and social preference, and (b) self-report questionnaires about their support and victimization experiences from classmates. In fall, higher teacher-reported ADHD symptoms were associated with children having more classmates with no friendship ties (non-friends) and who the child nominated but did not receive a nomination in return (unreciprocated friends), and with having fewer classmates with mutual friendship ties (reciprocated friends) and who nominated the child but the child did not nominate in return (unchosen friends). Higher fall ADHD symptoms predicted more non-friend classmates, poorer social preference, and more victimization in the spring, after accounting for the same variables in fall. However, having many reciprocated friends (and to a lesser extent, many unchosen friends) in fall buffered against the trajectory between fall ADHD symptoms and poor peer functioning in spring. By contrast, having many unreciprocated friends in fall exacerbated the trajectory between fall ADHD symptoms and poor peer functioning in spring. Thus, elevated ADHD symptoms are associated with poorer friendship patterns, but reciprocated friendship may protect against negative classroom peer experiences over time.

Tribute to Judi Trent

I first met Judi in the academic year 1971-1972. I had been hired a year earlier by Miami University, Oxford, Ohio, and Judi’s husband, Jimmie Trent, was hired that year to chair my department. Judi found a position at the University of Dayton and commuted there from Oxford. Our friendship and our regular revision of our book kept Judi and me in constant contact as did many other projects and many mutual friends. Over the years we got to know each other very well. What began largely as a professional friendship grew into a personal one as well. While I have always considered Judi to be an excellent researcher and writer, I am most pleased to call Judi a good friend.

Optimised K-anonymisation technique to deal with mutual friends and degree attacks

Online social networks have become a predominant service on the web, collecting the huge amount of users' information. It is drastically revolutionising the way people interact with each other. Publishing data of social network users for researchers, academicians, advertising organisations, etc. has raised many serious privacy implications. Lots of techniques have been proposed for preserving the privacy of individuals handling different types of attack scenarios used by adversaries. In this paper, we address a new attack model, i.e., mutual friends attack model, in which an adversary can identify the victim nodes by using information about the number of their mutual friends. An algorithm 'optimised K-anonymisation' has been devised that can deal with two types of attacks, i.e., degree attacks and the number of mutual friends attacks. The experimental results illustrate that our proposed algorithm can preserve the identification of individuals and subsequently maintain the utility of data.

Optimised K-anonymisation technique to deal with mutual friends and degree attacks

Optimised K-anonymisation technique to deal with mutual friends and degree attacks

ИКОНОПИСЕЦ ПИМЕН СОФРОНОВ (1898–1973) И ЕГО УЧЕНИК МОНАХ-БЕНЕДИКТИНЕЦ ИЕРОНИМ ЛЁССИНК (1898–1952)

The author turns to the little-known biographical aspects of two outstanding icon painters – the Old Believer-Bespopovets from Estonia Pimen Maksimovich Sofronov and the Catholic monk of the Benedictine Holy Cross Monastery in Chevetogne (Belgium) Father Jerôme Leussink. From December 1939 to the beginning of the 1940’s, Leussink studied icon painting with Sofronov in Rome. The article is based on archival materials of the Holy Cross Monastery, in particular on Leussink’s letters to his abbot. They show that the relationship between the teacher and the student quickly developed into a genuine cooperation, and then into a deep mutual respect and friendship. The author emphasizes that Pimen Sofronov not only conveyed but also revived the Old icon-painting tradition in Europe and in the New World, across boundaries between Churches. This was made possible by the help of his numerous students and friends in Paris, Prague, Rome and America.

Chavirer par Lola Lafon

Reviewed by: Chavirer par Lola Lafon William Cloonan Lafon, Lola. Chavirer. Actes Sud, 2020. ISBN 978-2-330-13934-6. Pp. 345. The verb, chavirer, aside from its literal meanings, "to capsize," "to overturn," contains the figurative sense of "to vacillate." For Cléo, the main character in Chavirer, and for women like her coming of age in the 1980s, this is the connotation which matters. Cléo, the product of a petit-bourgeois milieu, wants to be a modern jazz dancer. She is talented, but not a potential star. One day a woman named Cathy approaches the thirteen-year-old on behalf of the Fondation Galatée whose mission is to encourage young talent from underserved communities. The Fondation has several levels of vetting, which Cléo passes through easily. At the final stage, she is invited to an elegant lunch hosted by a number of male judges who praise her achievements and maturity. The moment seems triumphal until one of the judges begins to molest her: "[L]a langue de Jean-Christophe était comme une huître dans sa bouche, morte et vivante, mouillée et visqueuse" (54). Cléo is stunned, and at one point wonders whether the fault was hers since her aggressor called her frigid. In her confusion she briefly works as Cathy's recruiter of prospective boursières for the foundation. The years pass, and Cléo's sporadic efforts to come to grips with her traumatic experience really advance no further than "à default du pardon, laisse venir l'oubli" (276). Eventually she becomes a dancer in places like the Lido where she experiences a different sort of exploitation, one that is more financial than overtly sexual, yet where her body, along with the sequins, feathers and garish make-up, is just one more prop. More attracted to women than to men, Cléo nonetheless marries and has a daughter. Her life seems to have settled into middle-class respectability, except for the occasional frisson her daughter's friends experience when they learn she was once a showgirl. Yet the world was changing and by the 2010s #METOO was having an impact on French women. Two female documentary makers decide to do a film on the not-so-mysterious Fondation Galatée. Their initial efforts to interview individual women, now middle-aged or older, who had been solicited by the Fondation prove fruitless. However, when they announce on line their documentary project and invite former candidates to meet with them in a large hall (a casting call of a very different order), many women respond. Here, Cléo encounters Betty, a woman who was her school mate but also rival for a bourse at that time. Now she is an overweight, charming eccentric whose current passion is saving and protecting animals. Yet the former sœurs ennemies have changed as society has changed, and now they see themselves as mutual victims and potential friends. Neither will ever forgive Galatée, yet their earlier vacillation has disappeared. They will never forget what they endured, and will make it harder for other women to suffer the same fate. [End Page 250] William Cloonan Florida State University, emeritus Copyright © 2021 American Association of Teachers of French

Wincenty Pol (1807–1872) — Stanisław Moniuszko (1819–1872) — relacje i korelacje artystyczne

Wincenty Pol (1807–1872) romantic poet, guardian of the national tradition — Stanisław Moniuszko (1819–1872) representative of Polish Romanticism in music, restorer of the national opera, author of several hundred solo songs.Pol and Moniuszko knew and inspired each other with their work, which was significantly influenced by folklore from the borderlands. Moniuszko’s masses, litanies and cantatas were one of the incentives for Pola to address the issue of religious music in his lectures.Both were connected with four Polish scientific and cultural centers: Vilnius, Warsaw, Krakow and Lviv, where they met in 1865.The poet and composer had mutual friends and acquaintances: recognized composers-conductors, writers and poets, music critics and actors. They both considered art as one of the means to educate the society living under the partitions. They entered the history of Poland as defenders of the native language and culture.

APT 래더링(Laddering)기법을 통한 3on3 농구 문화의 가치체계 분석

Purpose: In this research, it is aimed to examine the value chain that 3on3 basketball players recognize by using means-end chain theory.BR Method: In order to investigate the value chain of basketball culture, content analysis was conducted using the APT Laddering Method, which draws keywords related to features, benefits, and value of basketball culture. There were five keywords for the features of 3on3 basketball culture. These were: ‘easy accessibility’, ‘fast pace’, ‘unconstrained team forming’, ‘simplification in rules’, and ‘importance of personal skills’. There were five keywords for the benefits of 3on3 basketball culture. These were: ‘physical fitness’, ‘promoting friendship’, ‘stress reduction’, ‘efficient use of time’, and ‘increasing confidence’. There were 4 key words for the value of 3on3 basketball culture. These were: ‘physical fitness’, ‘expanding social network’, ‘healthy leisure activity’, and ‘self-improvement’. After coding features, benefits, and the value of 3on3 basketball culture based on the results of content analysis, implication matrix analysis was carried out.BR Results: The results of this study are as follows. The link between 「features-benefits-value」 of 3on3 basketball culture was identified and the value chain was obtained from this. To begin with, fast pace (n=245), easy accessibility (n=208), importance of personal skills (n=200), unconstrained team forming (n=196), and simplification in rules (n=159) emerged in order as the features of 3on3 basketball culture. Stress reduction (n=269), physical fitness (n=229), promoting friendship (n=223), and increasing confidence (n=130), and efficient use of time (n=124) emerged in order as the benefits from 3on3 basketball culture. Two core ladders of 3on3 basketball culture were found on the basis of the value chain between 「features-benefits-value」. The first ladder was 「fast pace → physical fitness → promotion of health」, and the second one was 「unconstrained team forming → promoting friendship → expanding social network」.BR Conclusion: In all the studies reviewed here, it can be noticed that as 3on3 basketball has emerged as a new sport. The physical fitness and health of players have been improved at a phenomenal rate. Furthermore, since there is hardly limitation on the way of organizing teams, it is possible to promote mutual friendship between wider ranges of people and provide opportunities to expand social networks of players.

학령기 아동의 공격성과 사회적 영향력의 관계에서 친사회성, 친구 수 및 성별의 조절효과

The purpose of this study was to investigate the moderating effects of prosocial behavior and the number of mutual friends on the association between aggression and social impact. The participants were 678 elementary school children including 354 males and 324 females. Sociometry was used to measure the social impact. Also, children were asked to nominate up to three classmates who fit each description of aggression and prosocial behavior. Additionally, the total number of friends was computed by reciprocated friendship nominations. The results showed that prosocial behavior significantly moderated the relationships between aggression and social impact. Also, the interaction effects between aggression and friendship were significant only for males.

Wharton, Hemingway, and the Advent of Modernism ed. by Lisa Tyler (review)

Reviewed by: Wharton, Hemingway, and the Advent of Modernism ed. by Lisa Tyler Wayne Catan Lisa Tyler, editor. Wharton, Hemingway, and the Advent of Modernism. Baton Rouge: Louisiana SU Press, 2019. 269 p. In Wharton, Hemingway, and the Advent of Modernism editor Lisa Tyler presents twelve essays from top scholars who argue the case for Edith Wharton's place in the modernist canon … alongside Ernest Hemingway. Wharton and Hemingway were, according to Tyler, more similar than readers would believe: both lived as expats in Paris, both spent time in Italy and Africa "and wrote about those experiences in their fiction and nonfiction" (1). Both won the Pulitzer Prize and [End Page 252] had mutual friends, including F. Scott Fitzgerald and Sinclair Lewis. However, they never met, a decision made by Wharton. Because I cannot write about every piece in the volume, I highlight three essays, which I believe confirm the fact that Edith Wharton is a modernist writer. First, Peter Hays in "Hemingway and Wharton Both Modernists" uses his list of modernist traits to declare Wharton a modernist. He explicates passages from Ethan Frome (1911) and The Sun Also Rises (1926) to state his case. He claims Frome allows reader participation, it is fragmented, experimental, and anti-romantic, all traits of modernism. Specifically, Frome is "fragmented by its frametale format" (23), and it is experimental because Wharton, for the first time, incorporates "an unreliable first-person narrator" (23) and its "thwarted romance (if there was one) between Mattie and Ethan" (24) is anti-romantic. Hays writes that Hemingway's style at the time in 1926 was experimental. Hemingway wrote in "short, clipped sentences, with little direct clue as to the narrator's feelings, except for such passages as where Jake declares his love for Brett" (20). The Sun Also Rises is "fragmented, consisting of Jake's incomplete accounts of events in Paris, Pamplona" (21) and other cities, and "it is anti-romantic in its harsh depiction of those who endured the war" (21). Hays's discovery of modernist traits in Ethan Frome is convincing, and his explanation and comparison to The Sun Also Rises makes a strong case for Wharton. Next, Ellen Andrews Knodt posits that modernism possibly started with The House of Mirth, an unusual choice "given that the First World War is the oft-used defining moment of modernism," (29) but she believes that Mirth, released in 1905, responds to "changing economics and gender relationships," (29) setting the stage for Hemingway and his counterparts. Although the two authors possess different writing styles, Knodt identifies "three main links" in Mirth and The Sun Also Rises that deem both novels modern: insider-outsider status, taboo subjects, and ambiguity. Knodt states that Mirth's protagonist Lily Bart was forced into insider-outsider status "having been born and raised in a wealthy family which loses its money through business losses and death of the father" (33). Jake Barnes in Sun is an insider because he is part of an expat group in France and he "can view them close up" (34); however, [End Page 253] Jake, a journalist, is not independently wealthy–like some of his expat friends–making him an outsider too. Knodt also argues that Wharton writes about taboo subjects in Mirth. Her characters have affairs, and Gus Trenor expects sexual favors from Lily. The expats in Sun drink to excess and Lady Brett has multiple lovers. The ambiguous endings in both novels befit a modernist label–Lily's deathbed scene and Jake rescuing Lady Brett at Botin's. In "Dawn and Decline: Contrasting Spaces in Wharton's 'False Dawn' and Hemingway's 'A Very Short Story'," Sirpa Salenius discusses the fact that an author can use literary space in many ways, not just in exposition to establish setting. She argues that it can be "connected with psychological states of fictional characters" (110). Salenius writes that Wharton's "False Dawn" and Hemingway's "A Very Short Story" are similar in that aspect: both use Italy and the United States "two different geographical locations … that mirror and contrast each other in morals, emotions, ideals, and worldviews" (110). Both stories begin in "open, outdoor spaces" (110). Hemingway's "A Very Short Story...

Characterizing Variation in Toxic Language by Social Context

How two people speak to one another depends heavily on the nature of their relationship. For example, the same phrase said to a friend in jest may be offensive to a stranger. In this paper, we apply this simple observation to study toxic comments in online social networks. We curate a collection of 6.7K tweets containing potentially toxic terms from users with different relationship types, as determined by the nature of their follower-friend connection. We find that such tweets between users with no connection are nearly three times as likely to be toxic as those between users who are mutual friends, and that taking into account this relationship type improves toxicity detection methods by about 5% on average. Furthermore, we provide a descriptive analysis of how toxic language varies by relationship type, finding for example that mildly offensive terms are used to express hostility more commonly between users with no social connection than users who are mutual friends.

ATFR: Attribute based Trustworthy Friend Recommendations Online

Users today relay on social networking platforms for infor-mation retrieval. Information shared on the social networks will be cir-culated through their friend sharing them on their pro les. Thus making trustworthy friends in social networks is more important to maintain data privacy. Existing system compute friends based on their mutual friends which would not be e cient way of selecting friends online [1]. This allows user to get connected with strangers without any information of real friend or fake friend. To overcome this problem attribute based trustworthy friend recommendation system is proposed. Based on this, the attributes of each user is collected during pro le creation and these attributes are subjected to similarity between the users. Each user online are evaluated with their trust score with the help of Trust Score algo-rithm. Experimental result shows the number of friends recommended are trustworthy.

IL MUSICOLOGO

Luciano Martini loved the music, of a love that entered directly into the category of passion. Thanks to the ability to read the music and a wide culture extended to other forms of art, he could get from the music maximum enjoyment. In the music field he had signed articles and held lectures. About his passion he was very reserved, opening himself to the discussion only with connoisseurs at his level. Likewise, the fact that he played the piano has remained completely private. Our relationship had found strong support in the mutual friendship and attendance of an opera singer that we had chosen as our favorite, Giuseppe Di Stefano. In recent years and until just before its end, musical topics and memories of moments lived with the great tenor have been the subject of long telephone conversations in which, together with the passion for music, his lucidity of judgment and his intelligence were readily apparent.

TOWARDS A NEW PHILOSOPHICAL IMAGINARY

The paper builds on the postulate of “myths we live by,” which shape our imaginative life (and hence our social expectations), but which are also open to reflective study and reinvention. It applies this principle, in particular, to the concepts of love and vulnerability. We are accustomed to think of the condition of vulnerability in an objectifying and distancing way, as something that affects the bearers of specific (disadvantaged) social identities. Against this picture, which can serve as a pretext for paternalist and controlling attitudes to the groups in question – notably to women – Anderson urges us to reimagine our vulnerability as a condition not merely of exposure to violence but of openness to mutual affection, love, and friendship. Hegel’s celebrated image of the owl of Minerva, which takes wing only with the coming of dusk, suggests an association of (philosophical) wisdom with negativity – with the experience of death or loss. Anderson, by contrast, proposes an alternative and more hopeful image of the dawn of enlightenment, in the guise of new ethical dispositions shaped by an emancipatory (and so, no longer an oppressive or sexist) conception of our capacity for love. Her main interlocutors or influences in this piece are Judith Butler (who contributes the idea of a “relational ontology”), Michèle Le Doeuff, and Mary Midgley.

Cooperation between the Galilee Bedouins and the Yishuv during the 1948 war

ABSTRACTDuring Israel’s War for Independence, the Bedouin tribes did not have a united attitude: Some tribes, who built good relations with the Jewish population, supported the Jewish side and fought with them, whereas other Bedouins tribes considered themselves part of the Palestinian population and fought with them. There were also tribes that supported no side and kept neutral.This article focuses on the Galilee Bedouin tribes, who chose to cooperate with the Jewish Yishuv and fought on their side. The article explains the background on which the relations between the Bedouins and the Jews in Galilee were built at the end of the Ottoman era and during the British mandate. It also examines the mutual trust and friendship that had developed between the Jewish population and their neighbor Bedouin tribes, leading them to cooperate with the Jewish side and support their cause. It analyzes causal factors and historical events that led certain Bedouin tribes to fight against the Jews and support the Palestinian side, and the reasons tribes kept neutral in this conflict.

Ursula K. Le Guin: A Remembrance

Ursula K. Le GuinA Remembrance Mark Saltveit (bio) The acclaimed American novelist, poet, and essayist Ursula K. Le Guin died in 2018, at age 88. The Library of Congress called her "a living legend" (LoC 2000), and in August, 2019, she was featured in the American Masters series on PBS, which credited her with "bringing science fiction into the literary mainstream."1 The novelist Michael Chabon called her "the greatest American writer of her generation" (2018). Click for larger view View full resolution [End Page 223] Le Guin was heavily influenced by Daoism. As a child, she watched her father frequently reading from Paul Carus's 1898 edition of the Daode jing—he selected passages that were read at his funeral—and she embraced the book. "I was lucky to discover [Laozi] so young," she wrote, "so that I could live with his book my whole life long" (1997, ix). She had no formal practice, though, telling The Guardian that "I don't really know how one 'is' a Daoist. I do know that Daoist ideas inform a great deal of my writing" (Guardian 2004). Her 1971 novel, The Lathe of Heaven, was a direct exploration of Daoist themes; the title is taken from James Legge's translation of the Zhuangzi (ch. 23). Here a therapist finds that one of his patients can change reality through his dreams. The therapist wants to harness this power for good; but will his meddling prove wise? (The book also presciently describes a 21st-century world impoverished by global warming.) I lived in the same neighborhood as Le Guin for nearly all of my life; we had mutual friends. I read Lathe as a preteen, about the same time I found the Zhuangzi and the Daode jing on my own father's bookshelf, but I never met her outside of public book readings. She was very private and made that clear, both to friends and on her website. Though I was keen to interact with her, I respected that choice. In 1997, she published a popular English version of the Daode jing. In her typically blunt manner, she stated in the back matter, "This is a rendition, not a translation. I do not know any Chinese." Still, she enlisted the noted translator and professor emeritus Jerome P. Seaton as her co-author. The book was criticized as amateur and dilettantish by scholars such as Paul Goldin and Louis Komjathy, the latter a Quanzhen (Complete Perfection) initiate, lumping Le Guin together with Stephen Mitchell, the New Age author of the most popular English version of the text and calling their editions "no longer Daoist" (Komjathy 2014, 208). That seems a bit unfair, as Mitchell tossed off his version in a few weeks and blithely told the PBS News Hour that he felt he had the "privilege" to "take off at certain points and throw the original out the window and do variations" (Brown 2011). Le Guin, by contrast, worked on her rendition for four decades and explained her editorial choices in copious footnotes. Paul Goldin allowed that of the four popular "translators" he reviewed, "Only Le Guin was aided by a genuine authority (J. P. Seaton, a specialist in Chinese literature at the University of North Carolina), [End Page 224] and her book, as might be expected, is by far the best of the lot, although it too has major weaknesses" (2005, 120). He then goes on to commend the "care and integrity" with which she parsed other translations, though he criticized several of her specific English renderings (2005, 122). Ursula Le Guin grew to embody the "useless tree" as she aged—complex, resolute, and deeply rooted. As her fame and acclaim grew, she gave any new work and interviews to small independent presses and publications. She returned to poetry, her first art, and wrote of place, nature and time, of "dull desert stone, the weight of it is full / of slower, longer thoughts than mind can have" (Le Guin 2010). Asked if she felt "a bit out of step with [her] contemporaries," she replied, "Why should a woman of 74 want to be 'in step with' anybody? Am I in an army...

The Role of Trust in the Evolution of College Friendships

The influence of individual characteristics on social structures is a key issue in sociological research. This study examines the evolution of social networks among freshmen at a Russian university to determine the role of generalized trust in social integration. It is demonstrated that trustful individuals are more likely to enter into relationships with people with whom they have no mutual friends and to expand their social networks. Empirical evidence is consistent with the theoretical prediction of sociologists, James S. Colman and Eric M. Uslaner in particular, that interpersonal trust has an impact on the whole social structure, which means it determines how societies function.

When Crowdsourcing Meets Social IoT: An Efficient Privacy-Preserving Incentive Mechanism

Crowdsourcing is an effective paradigm in human centric computing for addressing problems by utilizing human computation power, especially in booming social Internet of Things (IoT). By leveraging mutual friendship between computing entities (i.e., workers), collaborative tasks can thus be routed and finally fulfilled by multihop friends with high expertise. However, crowdsourcing in social IoT may reveal the privacy of task requesters which results in a large dilemma. In this paper, we focus on designing a multihop routing incentive mechanism which can also preserve task requester’s privacy. Specifically, a utility maximization problem under privacy and budget feasibility constraints is formulated. Defining the conditions for privacy insurance, we give guidelines on how many subtasks should an entire task be divided into, and analyze the tradeoff between privacy and task accuracy. To enable efficient crowdsourcing task routing in social IoT, we first consider 1-hop myopic routing case and propose a near-optimal task assignment algorithm with 1/2 approximation ratio for an arbitrary prior knowledge. We further design multihop payment policy to establish an equilibrium where workers are motivated to forward subtasks to their friends with the best expertise. The extensive simulations validate that our mechanism achieves a high level of average information gain with modest privacy guarantee.