Mutual Care Research Articles

Women Empowerment in Health: Systematic Review

Background: Women's Empowerment is an integral part of human rights and development because the value system leads to the development of a good family, community, and country. Empowerment of women can have important implications for health in the form of education, access, and change in terms of services and family welfare. This systematic review aims to determine the influence and model of empowerment of women in the health sector.Subjects and Method: This systematic review begins with searching data using 5 databases with keywords women’s empowerment, women’s health, and empowerment model. Researchers used five databases, PubMed, Scopus, Science Direct, Springer Link, and BMC with a range of 2017-2022. Articles were searched using keywords that had been determined by the researcher then the articles were extracted based on criteria inclusion and exclusion using the PRISMA protocol. Thus, 11 articles were found that matched the criteria of JBI's critical assessment tool for analysis.Results: A total of 11 studies were included in the analysis originating from several countries such as Iran, Australia, and the Netherlands. Empowerment of women is a multilevel construction that refers to individuals, organizations, and society. Women's empowerment needs to involve mutual respect, critical reflection, caring and group participation, where people gain greater access to and control over their resources.Conclusion: Factors that influence women's empowerment are age, education, occupation, religion, marital status, socio-economic, demographics, different behavior, special characteristics of society, household harmony, place of residence, mobility, decision-making, social life, media exposure, information technology, socio-culture and access to health services. The women's empowerment model that has been developed refers to 3 domains: micro, meso, and social capital levels; as well as macro level.Keywords: empowerment, women, model, healthCorrespondence: Rumpiati. Institute of Health Science STRADA Indonesia Jl. Sumberece 37 Tosaren Pesantren Kota Kediri. Email: rumpiati75@gmail.com. Mobile: +62812-3007-1403.Indonesian Journal of Medicine (2023), 08(02): 194-203https://doi.org/10.26911/theijmed.2023.08.02.09

Assessing intentions for a third child among Chinese adults: A nationwide online survey regarding China's 3-child policy.

Aging populations, along with low fertility rates, have become a pervasive world-wide problem. To address this challenge, China issued a universal 3-child policy on May 31, 2021. However, little is known regarding the intentions of childbearing-aged Chinese for a third child. The purpose of this study was to assess the fertility intentions of the Chinese as related to this third-child policy and identify risk factors for third-child refusal. In this cross-sectional study, a total of 2129 Chinese childbearing-aged participants were recruited nationwide from June 15 to July 22, 2021. Each participant was interviewed using questionnaires to establish their sociodemographic variables, psychosocial factors as related to third-child intentions, and reasons for third-child refusal. Finally, 2115 responses (866 men and 1249 women) were analyzed. IBM SPSS Statistical Software (version 19) was used for the statistical analyses. Multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to assess independent influences for third-child refusal. Approximately 30% of these participants reported an intention for having a third child. In those expressing a refusal for a third child, women showed a higher prevalence rate (74.1 vs 63.2%, P < .001). Results from multivariate logistic regression analyses revealed that age (P = .033), unemployment (P = .045), and currently raising 2 children (P = .017) were risk factors for third-child refusal among men, while age (P < .001), >15 years of education (P = .017), current smokers (P = .005) and residing in Northern China (P = .035) were risk factors for women. Overall, increased demands upon time and energy (41.5%), as well as economic burdens (41.4%), were the most prevalent reasons for the refusal of a third child, while achieving mutual care among siblings (52.5%) and reducing child educational costs (33.3%) were the most effective persuasions. In response to the 3-child policy, Chinese childbearing-aged adults showed low rates of intention for a third child, with women showing a higher prevalence of third-child refusal. The identification of risk factors and the reasons for third-child refusal as revealed from the results of this study provide a foundation for the development of programs needed to aid in the implementation of this 3-child policy.

“We Have an Obligation to Act as the Custodians”: Environmental Communitarianism in Mbugua’s Different Colours

Several studies have gestured toward the fact that the environmental consciousness in most African communities is distinct from the common positions elsewhere. Accordingly, it becomes important to explore environ-mentalities that evolve from practical engagements with the still close natural world in twenty-first-century Africa. In this trajectory of thought, this article reads Ngang'a Mbugua's novel Different Colours and considers the representation of an eco-ethos anchored in the community values of mutual care and accountability. I argue that human-nonhuman relations in Different Colours attest to the recognition of both the intrinsic value as well as the instrumental value of nonhuman entities, which destabilizes the symmetrical categorization of environmentalism standpoints as either human-centered or ecosystem-centered. I trace the roots of this alternative African environ-mentality in an African community-based morality. Hence, I propose the term eco-communitarianism. I also demonstrate how, through various narrative strategies, Mbugua's story typifies a balance between interest in instrumental value and respect for the intrinsic value of the nonhuman.

Mutual Aid as Spiritual Sustenance

Abstract The reemergence of fraternal and mutual aid structures across multiple sectors of the economy is a product of a unifying working-class cultural identity related to precarity. These experiments with collective economic self-reliance reveal what future forms of labor institutions may look like, demonstrating the transformative potential of building community through mutual care.

Collective care and climate repair

This engagement with Chantel Carr's article, ‘Repair and care: Locating the work of climate crisis’, considers possible organising structures of care and climate repair, and the ways this labour can work to reproduce or to challenge settler-colonial capitalist states. Drawing on critical disability studies and crip theory, this essay considers alternative imaginaries of mutual aid and care that can inform how we conceive of and organise the work of climate repair without relying on ‘emergency’ and ‘crisis’ to propel us, and while, at all times, centring justice.

Mutual Assistance in Aging Issues and Countermeasures in the Central Urban Area of Chongqing

As the aging population intensifies, the service supply of elderly care institutions such as nursing homes and community elderly care service centers is relatively insufficient, failing to adequately address the diverse elderly care needs. The combination of mutual assistance elderly care and the framework of “Family + Community + Institution” enables the elderly to have a better elderly care experience within their familiar environment. This approach better fulfills the demands of home-based elderly care and optimizes the efficient allocation of elderly care resources. It is a new elderly care model widely accepted by urban community residents. A survey of mutual assistance elderly care practices across nine districts of the main city of Chongqing revealed representative models of community mutual assistance elderly care, including community mutual care organizations, “time bank” mutual care models, elderly care service organizations, and elderly community universities. Some practices and innovations in urban mutual assistance elderly care in Chongqing have provided useful exploration for actively addressing the issue of aging. However, there are still issues such as an incomplete urban community mutual assistance elderly care system, poor management and supervision, low social participation, and resource scarcity. Hence, this study seeks to explore the developmental obstacles encountered by mutual assistance and elderly care in Chongqing urban communities. It aims to propose practical and feasible suggestions and plans, ultimately promoting the healthy and sustainable development of the mutual assistance and elderly care model in urban communities in Chongqing.

Sand, Water, Salt: Managing the Elements in Literature of the American West, 1880–1925 by Jada Ach

Reviewed by: Sand, Water, Salt: Managing the Elements in Literature of the American West, 1880–1925 by Jada Ach Jenna Gersie Jada Ach, Sand, Water, Salt: Managing the Elements in Literature of the American West, 1880–1925. Lubbock: Texas Tech UP, 2021. 328 pp. Hardcover, $39.95; e-book, $19.95. In Jada Ach’s Sand, Water, Salt: Managing the Elements in Literature of the American West, 1880–1925, the ecomaterials of the West’s arid deserts and oceanscapes are radical, dynamic elements that become entangled with the human bodies that live there. Sand, water, and salt are neither waste materials nor commodities, but actants that resist control by the humans who try to manage both the elements themselves and their own bodies as they are exposed to the elements. “Try as we might, we can never manage our way out of ecological enmeshment” (9), Ach writes, and through her observations of intimate human–element engagements, Ach employs material ecocritical and queer ecology lenses to counter the top-down, hierarchical environmental management of the West’s wasteland spaces. Through her analysis of Progressive Era literature, Ach searches for hope in the porous spaces of environmental management, suggesting that we might learn from these texts how to “manage without mastery” as we approach human–environment relationships in the Anthropocene with compassion, care, and a focus on environmental justice (16). In McTeague: A Story of San Francisco by Frank Norris (1899) and The Land of Little Rain by Mary Austin (1903), Ach reads the desert sand as a queer actant with “revolutionary potential” as it works to undermine human attempts at management of desert spaces (76). As porous human bodies are inundated with sand in an intimate becoming, interactions with this lively element reveal human desires and longings as they resist the temporal progression and masculine ideals of administrative management. Similarly reading elements of desire and liveliness in the West’s water resources, Ach suggests that Progressive Era attitudes about water management can inform today’s water policy. In The River by Ednah Aiken (1914), The Virginian by Owen Wister (1902), and Life among the Piutes: Their Wrongs and Claims by Sarah Winnemucca Hopkins (1883), Ach shows how water is co-actant with the humans that attempt to [End Page 427] manage it, even as water, in its liveliness, remains beyond complete control. Finally, Ach heads further west, to the Pacific Ocean, where she reads The Sea-Wolf by Jack London (1904) and The American Diary of a Japanese Girl by Yonejirō Noguchi (1902) to explore how ocean salt permeates human bodies in culturally mediated ways, illustrating how both race and gender are managed in the production of imperial and transnational modern bodies. Throughout Sand, Water, Salt, Ach addresses contemporary environmental concerns, from uranium mining on Navajo land and managing radioactive waste to water crises at Standing Rock and in Flint. To address these environmental crises of the Anthropocene, Ach proposes “managing-by-drift,” allowing our engagements with the lively elements to inform and inspire decision-making about management. By drifting into moments of intimacy, activism, and pleasure, “situated managements” of “mutual care and shared governance” (29) can supplement already-established practices and policies as we “shift our attention from an ethics of fixing to one of living-with” (233 emphasis original). Together with the elements we can learn to resist hierarchies of management as we recognize our inseparability from the “strange agents and agencies” with which we are always intermingling in the West’s varied environments (233). Jenna Gersie University of Colorado Boulder Copyright © 2023 Western Literature Association ...

Research on the Rural Mutual Aid Elderly Care Model of “Time Bank”

This paper elaborated on the concept of “Time Bank” and mutual support pension, introduced its development at home and abroad, and analyzed the possibility and necessity of implementing this model in rural areas of China. During the operation of the “Time Bank” mutual support pension model, there were problems such as a lack of publicity and participation, incomplete legal system, low risk resistance, and limited sustainable development due to insufficient investment. It is suggested that the promotion of “Time Bank” mutual support pension in rural areas should focus on improving publicity channels, enhancing mutual aid awareness, improving the legal system to enhance risk management ability, and raising funds through multiple channels to ensure sustainable development by combining multiple models.

“时间银行”：城市社区互助养老服务模式研究——以柳州市东台社区为例

“时间银行”：城市社区互助养老服务模式研究——以柳州市东台社区为例

Study on China's Time Bank Mutual Care Model for the Elderly from the Perspective of Social Capital Theory

Study on China's Time Bank Mutual Care Model for the Elderly from the Perspective of Social Capital Theory

Editors’ Introduction

Editors’ Introduction

Explaining Positive Couple Interactions after Myocardial Infarction: A Qualitative Study

Background: The quality of marital relationships can impact couples’ cardiovascular health directly and indirectly. Given that communication is essential for a happy marriage and plays an important role in health, this study aimed to explain the positive interactions of couples after myocardial infarction. Methods: The current study was conducted qualitatively with the participation of seven couples (patient and his or her spouse) in teaching hospitals affiliated with Zahedan University of Medical Sciences. Purposive sampling was used to select participants. Then, unstructured in-depth interviews were conducted after obtaining informed consent. The interviews were immediately transcribed and analyzed. MAXQDA 2020 was used to categorize the data, and the method proposed by Elo and Kingas was used for data analysis. Results: The analysis of the data revealed that myocardial infarction could affect the way couples interact through two main themes including empathetic union (acceptance of each other’s true selves, mutual understanding, adjusting expectations, increase in cooperation and joint activities) and optimizing couples’ interactions (mutual care and attention, increase in intimacy, mutual reliance). Conclusion: This study indicated that positive couple interactions affected not only marital relationships but also health status, both directly and indirectly. Therefore, the findings of this study can be used to improve nursing student education and nursing care, and would help to develop educational and supportive interventions for patients and their spouses.

MEMBANGUN KOMUNIKASI KELUARGA PADA PASANGAN NIKAH MUDA SEBAGAI BENTENG KETAHANAN KELUARGA

This paper aims to show that through the development of good communication will give birth to a good relationship, as well as in creating family resilience in young married couples. The method used in this paper is descriptive analytical. While this research by looking for data in the form of interviews with young married couples. As a result, several concepts are offered to create family resilience, namely mutual openness, mutual understanding, and mutual care, as well as aspects of trust, commitment, and sympathy and empathy. Communication is an important element that must exist in a relationship, including in married life. Weak communication in the family will cause divisions, disputes, and conflicts that can lead to divorce. Communication that is built well between family members will create a harmonious family, so as to avoid disputes and fights. Keywords: communication, family, family resilience, young marriage.

Innovative music learning in “Profil Pelajar Pancasila” development for students: an intervention study through world wall applications

The importance of art education in instilling the principles of Pancasila that should be taught to pupils has diminished since the era of technological transformation. Learning the names of the Pancasila principles through music is a powerful tool. However, pupils lose interest in the process when learning is still presented in the traditional fashion. Student's strengths in global variety, mutual cooperation, independence, critical reasoning, and creativity can be cultivated through this music-learning process and included in their Pancasila student profiles. As a result, changes in music education are necessary for the extras. The study's overarching objective was to explain how interventions based on the world wall application might help students build a Pancasila profile to better serve their communities. The art and culture instructor and the tenth-grade pupils at MAN 2 Kediri in the city of Kediri participated in this study. This research uses observation, interviews, and written records to acquire its data. The results of this study indicate that learning the art of music at schools in trumpet practice using the wordwall.net application can stimulate the profile of Pancasila students by cultivating an open way of thinking, mutual respect, mutual care and collaboration. This research is expected to be an innovative medium for teaching music learning so that students can get to know music in various ways

The Rector's Transformational Leadership Style at Nahdhatul Ulama College

To maintain the existence and sustainability of higher education institutions requires a leader, namely a chancellor who is able to seize opportunities and read situations that are challenges far ahead, so that a chancellor has an important and strategic role in managing the institution. in the context of leadership that aims at the direction of rapid progress and change is transformational. So that the leadership style is very relevant to be used as a basis and studied scientifically. Practically in this article, it will be explained about the transformational leadership of the rector in the Nahdlatul Ulama tertiary institution which substantially examines how the rector provides exemplary, motivational, intellectual stimulation and consideration with subordinates in the higher education environment. The research method uses a qualitative approach with a case study model at Nahdlatul Ulama University. As for data collection techniques using observation, documentation and interviews. As for the data analysis using the preposition technique between the findings and the theory used. The results of the research explain that the transformational leadership of the rector in private tertiary institutions includes 1) exemplary which is manifested through uswah hasanah, morals, work and work ethic, 2) motivation is carried out in two ways, namely orally and in writing, while the mechanism is carried out through formal and non-formal forums. formal, 3) stimulation carried out by the chancellor by giving itibar or inspirational stories to work well and sincerely to advance the Institution, while 4) consideration is carried out through humane relations with all elements within the Institution by prioritizing kinship and mutual care, compassion and care.

Sugyvenimas ir meilė. Jokūbo Nagurskio šeimos pavyzdys

Concordance and Love. The Case of Jacob Nagórsky’s Family From the second half of the twentieth century, studies into family history in the Western historiography were particularly intensified. The biggest attention was paid to the structure and type of the household and the family, the distribution and prevalence of different types of households in different European regions, the functioning of the household, changes, strategies, and so on. On the other hand, numerous studies of this kind have been written that can be attributed to the psychoanalytic and emotional direction in family history research. The history of the family in the former Republic of the Two Nations has also already attracted the attention of its researchers. The article highlights the story of one provincial feudal family ( Jacob and Marianna Nagórsky) from the second half of the eighteenth century in the Grand Duchy of Lithuania and attempts to trace its emotional climate. There is a quite large base of sources about it, such as personal letters, wills, economic letters, etc. Unfortunately, Jacob Nagórsky’s letters to his wife are missing, which makes it difficult to trace his emotional relationship with his spouse. The study is influenced by the English historian Lawrence Stone who wrote about the “rise of the nuclear family” in the eighteenth century, which gradually pushed out the “open lineage family”. The historian perceived this concept of the nuclear family as a social and psychological unit based on the emotional connection and closed kinship ties. Both spouses came from wealthy families and were educated. They married quite young, had at least six children, and this number was slightly higher than in typical aristocratic families of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania. The surviving correspondence of Jacob Nagórsky and other sources show his rather cold and unemotional attitude towards his wife, but he was constantly concerned about the well-being of his family. Meanwhile, Marianna’s surviving letters reflect more expressions of love. Children were the main binding tie of the family. They were given the mutual care and love of their parents. Both Nagórsky attended to the children’s daily well-being and education. Although much less often than her husband, Marianna engaged herself in the running of the estate; she was active in family concerns. The emotional ties between the spouses can already be attributed to the “nuclear family” model. Keywords: Jacob and Marianna Nagórsky, family, wife, husband, children, Kurtuvėnai.

“This is China’s Wailing Wall”

AbstractDr. Li Wenliang, an ophthalmologist at Wuhan Central Hospital, was accused of spreading rumors when he sent a WeChat message containing the diagnostic report of a suspicious pneumonia case to a group of friends. When he later died from COVID-19, his Weibo page quickly become known as “China’s Wailing Wall,” where hundreds of thousands of netizen shared replies to his final post in a mega-thread that continues into the present. Drawing upon a selection of posts from an archive of messages posted to Li’s Weibo in the year following his death, this article examines how participants used chronotopes (Bhaktin 1981) to situate Li vis-à-vis various culturally salient “figures of personhood” (Agha 2005;Park 2021), including “moral hero,” “kin figure,” and/or “deity.” Our analysis further suggests how such positioning, as a response to grief and uncertainty, “moved” authors into a position of distance from hegemonic national chronotopes situating people in a symbiotic relationship of mutual care with the Chinese state. Our analysis thus offers insight into the ways in which collective crises have the capacity to (but do not necessarily) motivate a complex discursive and relational process through which interlocutors enactscalar intimacy(Pritzker and Perrino 2020) as they grapple with shifts in their felt experience of nationhood and/or “culture.”

The Movie, "Jekyll & Hyde" and Dissociative Identity Disorder: Reverting to the Care for Self-Fraction Anxiety in Our Modern Society

The Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde, a novel written in 1886 by RL Stevenson, is considered a representative case of dissociative identity disorder, which has also been adapted in a number of movies, supposedly due to the story being a pertinent sketch of anxiety of self-fraction, which is common in modern society. The movie, "Jekyll & Hyde" released in 1996 made on the basis of a side story of the original novel has efficaciously illustrated the calm and sincere communication that lead to mutual caring relationships between a maid named Mary Reilly, the main character in this story, and each of Jekyll and Hyde. It is considered that forming individually approving relationships with fractioned parts of patients would be the key for providing some hope for recovery of the patients debilitated with this anxiety.

‘You’re Alive!’: On the ‘Livingness’ of Spirited Educational Research

Abstract This paper explore ideas of ‘livingness’ in education and in research, through ideas of spirituality, conversation, care and curiosity. Research ‘on’ education is distinguished from educational research, with the latter having a transformative intention, and this can overcome some of the dualisms that have become embedded in education policy and practice. Research that is surprising has this in common with dialogue, in Buber’s terms, and with transformative education. And the care for the object of study that researchers may exhibit is related to mutual care in all ethical relationships. This is an appropriate guide to curiosity. One example of such curious research is the use of conversation, conversation that is more dialogic than dialectical. In such ways, education and research can together be more ‘alive’, as can we all.

Homes as ‘cages of violence’ during the COVID-19 pandemic: A pastoral care approach to the case of Botswana

Violence has become a common phenomenon that affects women and children, particularly during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. While the lockdown regulations were meant to save lives by preventing further spread of the virus, another virus called ‘violence against women’ encroached the space which is supposed to be the safest for women and children. For women, homes have now been turned into cages of violence and slaughterhouses. Toxic masculinity is seen at play as all dominant and power ideologies are employed against women. This article deals with these challenges of violence against women in Botswana from a pastoral care point of view. Firstly, it provides an overview of the current gender-based violence (GBV) situation in Botswana through empirical data from other social scientists. It then highlights some forms and the causes linked to the problem of GBV in Botswana. Secondly, it brings in pastoral care work, particularly mutual care, as a relevant tool for the church in addressing GBV. Lastly, it suggests ways in which the church could contribute in pursuit of gender justice and building a violence-free society. Contribution: While the article grapples with the challenges of GBV and persistent toxic masculinities from a theological point of view, the implications of the outcome are multidisciplinary. They aim to respond and raise awareness about the need to build a violence-free society, and to deal with the challenges of oppression, toxic masculinity and manhood ideologies which result in the domination and killing of women.