Mutism Research Articles

場面緘黙(選択性緘黙)の多様性—その臨床と教育—

場面緘黙(選択性緘黙)の多様性—その臨床と教育—

IJARCCE - Computer and Communication Engineering

More than 500 million people of the world suffer from some physical, sensory or mental disability. Often their lives are handicapped by physical and social barriers which hamper their full participation from society and the enjoyment of equal rights and opportunities. Many mute people use sign language. Sign language uses gestures instead of sound to convey meaning, simultaneously combining hand shapes, orientations and movement of the hands, arms or body and facial expressions to express fluidly a speaker’s thoughts. Signs are used to communicate words and sentences to audience. This paper focuses on developing an algorithm for recognition of hand gestures with reasonable accuracy, where the input to the pattern recognition system will be given from the hand. It recognizes the pattern and the display the pattern in the form of the text. The info giving by camera are collected and stored in the database. The exact meaning of the information is matched with the samples stored previously in the database and is printed. The image is processed considering the parameters like the number of fingers used, the angles between them and hsv value of that which is matched with the saturation image and then the information is displayed in the form of text.

Análisis de la inclusión laboral de la población sorda en Santa Marta

El artículo presentado es producto de la investigación titulada “Herramientas que aporta la Ingeniería de Sistemas para la vinculación laboral de sordos-mudos en la zona urbana del municipio de Santa Marta”. Esta investigación tuvo por objetivo general buscar y analizar herramientas de tipo tecnológico que puedan ayudar a mejorar el desempeño de la población antes mencionada con el fin de proporcionar mayores oportunidades de vinculación laboral. El estudio se llevó a cabo en el periodo de mayo a octubre del 2011, utilizando un diseño descriptivo cuantitativo de corte transversal. El articulo expone resultados acerca del análisis de la ubicación laboral de los discapacitados auditivos en Santa Marta, análisis de nivel aptitudinal de la población estudiada y algunas recomendaciones para mejorar su vinculación laboral. También presenta algunos software disponibles para ayudar en el desempeñó laboral de estas personas.

選択性緘黙の児童に対するコミュニケーションカードを用いたあいさつ等の指導

本研究では、選択性緘黙の小学校2年生の女児に対し、コミュニケーションカードを用いてあいさつやお礼の自発的表出を目指した指導を、学校生活の日常場面において行った。その結果、対象児は担任や学生ボランティアに対してあいさつ等を自発的に表出するようになり、他の日常生活場面でも級友や他の教師に対してあいさつ等を自発的に表出する場面がみられるようになった。また、身振りや筆談、発話もみられるようになり、コミュニケーションモードの変換がなされた。さらに、他の教師や保護者からも本指導に対する肯定的な評価を得ることができた。以上のことから、選択性緘黙児に対して、学校生活の日常場面において、非音声言語を用いてコミュニケーションの指導を行うことは、発話の前段階の指導として有効であることが示唆された。

Bangladeshi Sign Language Recognition Employing Neural Network Ensemble

paper proposes a Bangladeshi sign language recognizer (BdSLR), an initiative to recognize sign language of Bangladeshi deaf and mute (D&M) people. Although all over the world, the D&M people are a part of the community, the communication between the general and the D&M people becomes tough when interaction is required. Moreover in different races, the D&M people use different sign languages. In this regard BdSLR has been developed that can interpret Bangladeshi sign language into Bengali text and vice versa. In BdSLR, the inputs of Bangladeshi sign language have been taken by webcam and later on recognized by efficient Neural Network Ensemble (NNE). Without any major modification, BdSLR can be used as an interpreter for the sign languages of other races. In the Proposed BdSLR the use of an efficient NNE technique converges the training time faster and recognizes with good generalization ability.

CATATONIA AND SUBCLINIC HYPOTHYROID: A CASE REPORT

Catatonia, which can be arisen from metabolic and endocrine disorders, neurologic diseases, psychiatric disorders or some drugs, is a clinical outlook whose etiology is not known. Catatonia is commonly classified as a subtype of schizophrenia. Thyroid disorders are known to provoke psychiatric disorders frequently. On the contrary, catatonia due to thyroid disorders is uncommon. In this text, a periodic catatonia event that had been first hospitalized for catatonia and appeared to have subclinic hypothroidism in last two hospitilization is discoursed. After the 3 weeks of thyroid hormone replacement, evident reggession on the patient's psychomotor retardation, mutism and negativism condition is observed. The convalesce of patient to whom thyroid replacement therapy is applied after discharge continued. In this study, catatony will be discussed via aforeasid case.

Ssri's For Treatment Of Selective Mutism

Some authors suggest that selective mutism should be considered as a variant of social phobia or a disorder in the obsessive-compulsive spectrum. Recent studies indicate that pharmacological treatments may be effective in the treatment of selective mutism. In this article, four cases who were treated with citalopram and escitalopram are presented. The results indicate that the drugs were well tolerated, and the level of social and verbal interactions improved significantly. These findings have shown that citalopram and escitalopram can be considered in medication of selective mutism; nevertheless, it is essential that research be done with more cases than previous ones, in order to prove their accuracy Turkish Baslik: Selektif Mutismin Tedavisinde SSRI' larin Kullanimi Anahtar Kelimeler: Selektif mutism, cocuklar, essitalopram, sitalopram Bazi yazarlar selektif mutismin, sosyal fobinin bir varyanti oldugunu veya obsesif kompulsif bozukluk spektrumu icinde yer aldigini ileri surmektedirler.Son yapilan calismalar selektif mutismin tedavisinde ilaclarin etkili olabilecegini gostermektedir.Bu makalede sitalopram ve essitalopram ile tedavi edilen dort elektif mutism olgusu sunulmaktadir. Sonuclar, bu iki ilacin olgularca iyi tolere edildigini, verbal ve sosyal etkilesimin gelistigini gostermistir. Bu veriler sitalopram ve essitalopramin, selektif mutismin farmakolojik tedavisinde dikkate alinabilecegini dusundurmekle birlikte, daha net bilgiler elde etmek icin genis hasta gruplarinda yeni calismalarin yapilmasi gerekir..

Design of Multilingual Speech Synthesis System

The main objective of this paper is to convert the written multilingual text into machine generated synthetic speech. This paper is proposed in order to provide a complete multilingual speech synthesizer for three languages Indian English, Tamil and Telugu. The main application of TTS system is that it will be helpful for blind and mute people that they could have the text read to them by computer. TTS system will help in retrieving the information from sites that contain information in different languages. It can be used in educational institutions for pronunciation teaching of different languages. We use concatenative speech syn-thesis where the segments of recorded speech are concatenated to produce the desired output. We apply prosody which makes the synthesized speech sound more like human speech. Smoothing is also done to smooth the transition between segments in order to produce continuous output. The Optimal Coupling algorithm is enhanced to improve the performance of speech synthesis system.

Transcallosal-interfornix approach to remove the tumors of the third ventricle and pineal region

Objective To evaluate the efficacy of microsurgical resection of the pineal region tumors of the third ventricle through trans-corpus-callosum approach.Methods From January 2006 to June 2008, sixteen pineal region tumors of the third ventricle were resected through trans-corpus-callosum approach.In sixteen cases, two hypothalamic astroeytoma eases received ventricle shunt before operations;four germ cell tumors and one hypothalamic astrocytoma cases received end-plate-ostomy after operations.Of Sixteen eases, there were 4 astrocytomas,2 ependymomas, 2 central nervous system tumors,1 teratoma,1 cerebral cysticercosis, 6 pineal region tumors(including 4 germ cell tumor, 1 teratoma and 1 dermoid cyst). Results Of 16 microsurgical resections, 9 achieved total resection, 4 subtotal resection, 3 major resection (tumors in third ventricle: 7 achieved total resection, 2 subtotal resection,1 major resection;tumors in pineal region: 2 achieved total resection, 2 subtotal resection, 2 major resection). There was no postoperative coma or death.A postoperative hematoma in ventricle was found in one case with central nervous system tumor and the hematoma was removed.After operation,3 patients could not watch upwards,4 had the last obstacle to memory,1 had mutism. All patients were followed up from 3 months to 2 years.One case of recurrence was found in a astrocytoma patients whose tumor was subtotally removed and without postoperative radiotherapy and chemotherapy.One recurrence of astrocytoma was found and the second operation was performed. Of 16 cases, 14 cases lived normal life. Conclusions The approach of trans-corpus-callosum for microsurgical resection of pineal region tumors of the third ventricle, passing through the transparent space of embryonic tissue residue into the third ventricle, is a good operative approach with very little damage to normal brain tissue and directive vision to tumor. It could increase the total/subtotal resection rate and reduce post-operative complications. Key words: Brain tumor; Third ventricle; Pineal region; Callosum; Fornix

Neurological Effects of Acute Carbon Monoxide Poisoning in Children

Carbon monoxide poisoning (COP) is one of the most common causes of mortality and morbidity due to poisoning in all over the world. Although the incidence of COP has not been known exactly in the childhood, almost one-third of CO exposures occurred in children. The data regarding COP in children are inconclusive. Children may be more vulnerable to CO exposure than adults as a result of their high respiration and metabolic rates, high oxygen metabolism, and immature central nervous system. Recent researches proposed new theories about neurological effects of CO toxicity. The clinical presentations associated acute COP may be various and nonspecific. Unrecognized CO exposure may lead to significant morbidity and mortality. CO exposed children often become symptomatic earlier, and recover more rapidly, than similarly CO exposed adults. Mild clinical signs and symptoms associated with COP are headache, dizziness, weakness, lethargy, and myalgia; however, severe signs and symptoms such as blurred vision, syncope, convulsion, coma, cardiopulmonary arrest and death can also accompany with COP. Neurologic manifestations can include altered mental status at different degrees, neck stiffness, tremor, ataxia, and positive Babinski's sign. Delayed neurologic sequels (DNS) of COP might be seen in children like adults. DNS symptoms and signs in children include memory problems, mental retardation, mutism, fecal and urinary incontinence, motor deficits, facial palsy, psychosis, chronic headache, seizures, and epilepsy. After CO exposure children must be cared to detect and treat DNS. Although hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT) is reported to prevent development of DNS, its indications, application duration and procedures are controversial in both of the children and adults. Although their predictive values are limited, exposing to CO more than eight hours and suffering from CO-induced coma, cardiac arrest, lactic acidosis, high COHb levels, and pathologic findings at neuroimaging are reported to increase the risk factor for developing DNS. Since physiological properties of children are unique, clinical and experimental studies must be done to provide new perspectives in order to prevent or reduce both acute and delayed neurological effects of CO toxicity.

Epilepsia, epileptiform abnormalities, non-right-handedness, hypotonia and severe decreased IQ are associated with language impairment in autism.

The aim of this study was to categorize speech problems in autistic children in a manner allowing recognition of associated risk factors. We were specifically interested in the role of epilepsy and epileptiform activity in EEG in autistic patients since these dynamic processes can influence each other. We combined subtypes of autism with degrees of their functionality and we selected three speech endpoints: i) delayed development of speech, ii) complete mutism and iii) regression of speech. We retrospectively examined 205 autistic children (boys 145/70.7%, mean age 10 years). Median IQ was 55 (15;104) and median Childhood Autism Rating Scale (CARS) ranged within 38 (32;48). Univariate and multivariate logistic regression helped to define clinical and diagnostic factors that were significantly associated with speech endpoints. Epileptic seizures, epileptiform EEG abnormalities, non-right-handedness, hypotonia and severe decreased IQ score were found to be the most important mutually independent factors contributing to the increased risk of speech-related problems in patients with ASD.

From Mutisms

from Mutisms

The revealing muteness of rituals: a psychoanalytical approach to a Spanish ceremony

This analysis of a heterodox Corpus Christi ceremony celebrated in Spain emphasizes one of its distinctive features: the ritual is carried out by two moieties, who provide contradictory exegeses of the same ritual performance. Yet, despite their incompatibility, the two theories have a feature in common: the denial of a Jewish presence within the groups that express them. This phenomenon is discussed in the historical context of Christian stereotypes of Jews, enabling recognition of the fact that the ceremonial of Camuñas may be regarded, on a first level of analysis, within the framework of performance theory, as a ritual of memory. Some conceptual tools defined by Sigmund Freud, especially the concepts of negation and disavowal, are then used to analyse the ritual. The denial of reality and the irreconcilable exegeses of the two moieties evoke the split attitude of a fetishist towards castration. Thus, three analytical approaches of increasing depth are proposed to one and the same ritual: structuralist, performative, and psychoanalytical.

The main sacrifice: Sacrificing own children in Slavic folk literature

This paper discusses the work of M. Dragomanov "Slavs fables about sacrificing own children." These fables are divided into three groups whereas the second group is discussed here. This particular group includes fables on sacrificing one's own child (a son) out of pity for the poor, a few tales from the Ukraine, Bulgaria, and two Serbian folk songs: Deacon Stefan and two angels, and True ordeal of the two God's angels. The analysis shows that all fables encourage merciful behavior. Bad behavior toward the poor, on the other hand, is always punished, and good, desirable behavior even if it includes sacrificing one's own child in order to cure the sick is always rewarded, whereas the sacrificed child becomes resurrected. Serbian folk songs also contain the motif of one's own child sacrifice in order to cure blind or mute people, and here the child gets resurrected too. However, these songs differ greatly from the fables. Namely, they encourage in the name of mercy, the breakdown of certain norms of socially desirable behaviors; like for example, work restrictions on Sundays-and this encouraged breakdown represents the main point of the songs. A request for sacrificing one's own child could have, in addition to altruism, other hidden meanings, for instance, a possible punishment due to the breakdown of religious norms. The songs have multiple layers and meanings. In a nutshell all documents assert the highest ethical principles of Christianity. Nonetheless, human sacrifice, which seems in opposition with Christian values, creates confusion and gives at the same time, a pagan note to these texts. However the author argues that all cited fables contain the connection: sacrifice-salvation-resurrection, which could point out to Christ's own sacrifice.

Deaf - Mutism A Clinical Analysis

NA

Identifying mutism's etiology in a child.

Identifying mutism's etiology in a child.

Frontotemporal Dementia: A Case Study with MRI, SPECT and Neuropsychological Tests

Frontotemporal dementia is the second most common cause, after Alzheimer’s disease, of primary cerebral atrophy in the presenium. It occurs more frequently than is widely thought. I report on a 66-year-old retired businessman who presented with gradual personality change, accompanied by loss of social and personal awareness. His symptoms had progressed from an insidious onset two years previ ously. Neuropsychological tests showed deficits mainly in the domain of the frontal lobe function. Visuospatial orientation, praxis, and language abilities were preserved. Single photon emission computed tomography showed anterior cerebral hypoperfusion. Cerebral MRI showed diffuse brain atrophy, especially in the anterior cerebral parts, and an asymmetrical right temporal tissue loss. Cerebral MRI performed 34 months later showed further atrophic change, especially in the frontal area. His mental status gradually deteriorated, leading to mutism 4 years after the onset. This a case of frontotemporal dementia.(Tzu Chi Med J 1998;10:69-75)

Mutism. By Yuvan Lebrun, PhD London, Whurr Publishers, 1990 124 pp, illustrated, £18.50

Mutism. By Yuvan Lebrun, PhD London, Whurr Publishers, 1990 124 pp, illustrated, £18.50

Articulatory recovery after traumatic mutism.

Articulatory recovery after traumatic mutism.

Book Review: Deafness, Mutism & Mental Defficiency in Children

Book Review: Deafness, Mutism & Mental Defficiency in Children