Characterization Of Mutants Research Articles

The Effect of Gamma Irradiation 100 Gy on Stained Rice Seeds Msp-04 to on Vegetative and Generative Mutant Characters of M2 Generation

This study aims to obtain information on changes in the character of individual M2 generation mutant rice, similarities between individuals of the M2 generation mutant and its comparison, and correlation between variables. This research was conducted by observing the vegetative, generative, and potential yields of each individual rice mutant and its comparison. The data obtained were tested by cluster analysis and correlation analysis. The observations showed that almost all the characters of the M2 generation mutant individuals changed except for the qualitative vegetative characters. Cluster analysis based on quantitative vegetative character showed 1 different mutant individual (0% similarity), and 1 other individual with 38.83% similarity compared to other and non-mutant mutants, and commercial varieties. Based on quantitative and production generative characters, there are 2 distinct groups that differ from each other (0% similarity). The similarity range of each distinct group is 21.17-43.56%. The strong to very strong and very significant correlation that occurs in vegetative and generative characters with production is found between the number of tillers and panicles, total grain weight and dry grain weight of 98.7% each; 60.9% and 58.3%; the number of leaves is thus also between the number of panicles, total grain weight and dry grain weight respectively 91.3%; 53.3% and 53.4%; panicles with total grain weight and dry grain weight were 60.1% and 57.6%, respectively.

Improvement in Biocontrol Ability of Trichoderma Through Chemical Mutation and Gamma Irradiation for The Control of Soil Borne Pathogens

Biocontrol agent like Trichoderma viride was acclaimed as effective, eco-friendly and cheap, nullifying the ill effect of chemicals, These biocontrol agents are identified to act against on array of important soil borne plant pathogens viz.,Sclerotium rolfsii, Rhizoctonia bataticola and Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. ciceri etc.” Improvement in biocontrol ability of Trichoderma viride through mutation” was carried at Department of Plant Pathology, during 2019-2020. The antagonistic ability of a biocontrol agent was determined by its physiological state so that change in physiological or genetically conditions could alter the antagonism. Hence the genetic modification using mutagenesis offers the potential for producing improved bio-protection is likely to enhance their biocontrol capabilities against soil borne pathogen. Mutagenesis by chemical i.e. Ethyl Methyl Sulphonate (EMS) @ 100, 150, 200 and 250 µl/ml and time interval at 30, 45 and 60 minutes. The influence of gamma irradiation on improving production of antifungal metabolites and biological proficiency of the biocontrol agent against soil borne pathogen. Trichoderma viride were irradiated in different dose of gamma radiation (cobalt-60) @ 0, 20, 30, 40 and 50 k-rad. for induced mutation. Sixteen Trichoderma viride mutants were obtained after chemical mutagenesis and gamma irradiation and tested for their antagonistic activities in vitro. Morphological character of efficient mutants was tested up to six generation to check their stability. Among these, four stable mutants viz., TVME 2b, TVME 2c, TVME 3c and TVGM1 were proved as effective antagonists against Sclerotium rolfsii, Rhizoctonia bataticola and Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. ciceri basis of their maximum bioefficiency. Mutants TVME2b, TVME2c, TVME3c and TVGM1 exhibited the highest inhibition to mycelial growth of Sclerotium rolfsii with an inhibition percentage 64.76, 64.22, 63.08 and 62.93% respectively. Rhizoctonia bataticola was inhibited to the extent of 63.47, 60.87, 61.93 and 61.02% by relative mutants, while Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. ciceri was restricted and recorded 63.50, 62.88, 62.03 and 60.74% respectively. The highest chitinase enzyme units/mg of protein i.e. 0.64, 0.63, 0.63 and 0.62 was exerted in TVME2b, TVME2c, TVME3c and TVGM1 having respectively. However, TVME1c contains 0.37 enzyme units; it showed maximum ability against pathogens. hence present study proved that mutagenesis is the efficient tool for improving bioefficiency of Trichoderma viride, a biocontrol agent.

Metalaxyl-resistant mutant strains of Phytophthora boehmeriae are as aggressive and fit as their metalaxyl-sensitive wild-type parents

Phytophthora boehmeriae Sawada is an important pathogenic oomycete, and causes Phytophthora blight of cotton and ramie, which are main limiting factors to the production of cotton and ramie in China. The aggressiveness and fitness of the metalaxyl-resistant (MR) mutants of P. boehmeriae obtained by inducing on LBA amended with sublethal dose (10 µg·mL−1) of metalaxyl were studied in this paper. The results showed that there were no significant differences between the MR mutants and their metalaxyl-sensitive (MS) wild-type parents in temperature for mycelial growth, zoosporangium production, sensitivity to malachite green, and the pathogenicity to cotton seedlings. However, the oospore productions of the mutants were much lower than those of their MS parents. The growth rates and the colony morphology of MR mutants and their MS parents all displayed obvious variation or separation, and were inherited unsteadily in their single-zoospore and single-oospore progenies. At the same time, the homothallic character of MR mutants could inherit steadily as well as that of the MS wild-type isolates did in asexual and sexual progenies. It was suggested that the MR mutants of P. boehmeriae possessed equal aggressiveness and fitness with their MS parental isolates, and would develop the MR population easily in a short time as long as the MR mutants formed. Thereby, there would be a high risk of development of metalaxyl resistance in populations of P. boehmeriae in the field, when metalaxyl was long and continuously applied for the control of the diseases caused by P. boehmeriae.

Mutant Character of the M3 Generation of Red Rice (G16) Results by Gamma Ray Iradiation 300 Gy

This study aims to determine the character and heritability of the M3 generation of red rice (G16) mutant plants produced by gamma ray irradiation of 300 Gy. This experiment was carried out from May to September 2022 in Nyurlembang Village, Narmada District, West Lombok Regency, West Nusa Tenggara, using a Randomized Block Design (RBD) in a partitioned design. With a total of 25 treatments consisting of 22 genotypes of mutant plants and three comparison plants. The results of the observations were analyzed using the analysis of variance with a level of 5%. Then the significantly different treatments were further tested using the Honestly Significant Difference test at the 5% level. The results showed that the gamma ray irradiation treatment of 300 Gy in the M3 generation of brown rice (G16) caused differences in the characters of each genotype including the number of non-productive tillers, number of empty grain panicles, panicle length, weight of filled grain, total number of tillers, the number of filled grain and the weight of empty grain. The best character in mutant plants GM20, GM26, GM27, GM30, and GM52. Meanwhile, the heritability of the M3 generation mutant brown rice (G16) produced by gamma ray irradiation of 300 Gy was classified as high heritability values ​​obtained for the character of plant height, number of non-productive tillers, panicle length, number of panicle filled grain, number of empty panicles, weight of 100 grains, weight of full grain, weight of empty grain, and weight of grain per clump. Meanwhile, moderate heritability was obtained for the character of harvesting age and the total number of tillers and low heritability was obtained for the character of flowering age and the number of productive tillers productive tillers had low heredity

Callus Irradiation Is an Effective Tool for Creating New Seashore Paspalum Germplasm for Stress Tolerance

Seashore paspalum (Paspalum vaginatum Swartz) is a perennial warm-season turfgrass which is known for its superb salinity tolerance. Compared to bermudagrass, seashore paspalum exhibited the adverse character of faster vertical growth, wider leaf, weak cold-, drought- and disease-resistance. In this study, we aimed to improve these unfavorable traits of seashore paspalum through the strategy of callus irradiation. The results showed that 2108 regenerated plants were obtained following the method of the seashore paspalum calluses irradiated by 60Co-γ rays (dose: 60 Gy, dose rate: 1 Gy/min). Morphological traits were measured combining with cluster analysis on the regenerated plants to select mutant lines with short leaves (A24 and A82) and thin leaves (A24, A83, and A120) as well as dwarfism (B73, B28, B3, A29, and B74). In addition, we found various mutant characters such as greenish leaf sheath (A69 and A71), soft leaf (B77, B17, and B110), and strong erectness (B5 and B9) under continuous observation. Through the comprehensive tolerance analysis following the index of survive rate, relative water content, leaf electrolyte leakage, MDA content; photochemical efficiency and leaf wilting coefficient, three drought-tolerant lines (A55, B72, and B44) and one cold-tolerant line (B59) were screened. This research proved that callus irradiation is an effective way to create new seashore paspalum germplasm, which provides valuable materials for accelerating the breeding process of seashore paspalum and further excavating the molecular regulatory mechanisms of these traits in turfgrass.

Aerospace Technology Improves Fermentation Potential of Microorganisms.

It is highly possible to obtain high-quality microbial products in appreciable amounts, as aerospace technology is advancing continuously. Genome-wide genetic variations in microorganisms can be triggered by space microgravity and radiation. Mutation rate is high, mutant range is wide, and final mutant character is stable. Therefore, space microorganism breeding is growing to be a new and promising area in microbial science and has greatly propelled the development of fermentation technology. Numerous studies have discovered the following improvements of fermentation potential in microorganisms after exposure to space: (1) reduction in fermentation cycle and increase in growth rate; (2) improvement of mixed fermentation species; (3) increase in bacterial conjugation efficiency and motility; (4) improvement of the bioactivity of various key enzymes and product quality; (5) enhancement of multiple adverse stress resistance; (6) improvement of fermentation metabolites, flavor, appearance, and stability. Aerospace fermentation technology predominantly contributes to bioprocessing in a microgravity environment. Unlike terrestrial fermentation, aerospace fermentation keeps cells suspended in the fluid medium without significant shear forces. Space radiation and microgravity have physical, chemical, and biological effects on mutant microorganisms by causing alternation in fluid dynamics and genome, transcriptome, proteome, and metabolome levels.

Effect of physical mutagens on base population of tuberose (Polyanthus tuberosa L.)

An investigation was conducted at the Department of Horticulture, College of Agriculture Parbhani, during which studies on tuberose (Polyanthus tuberosa L.) mutation breeding were explored and promising mutants were isolated. In VM1 generation and VM2 generation, the experimental material was Phule Rajani of tuberose variety treated with five doses of 0.5 Kr, 1Kr, 1.5Kr, 2Kr, and 2.5 Kr. The maximum floral abnormalities were observed in treatment T4 in the VM1 generation, whereas the maximum flower abnormalities were observed in treatment T3 in the VM2 generation. In the VM1 generation, the highest mutation frequency was reported at treatment T3. Treatment T1 had the highest mutation frequency in the VM2 generation. In early mutant characters, the highest percentage of the spectrum was seen in treatment T2 in VM1 and VM2. In both generations, the greatest spectrum percentage was recorded in the flower colour mutant character in treatment T2. In all generations, the greatest spectrum % was recorded in the tiny flower mutant at treatment T4. In both generations of the Big flower mutant, the highest spectrum % was found in treatment T1. In mutant characteristics, the number of petals increased, and the greatest spectrum percentage was seen at treatment T2 in VM1. Maximum generation in VM2 at T1 therapy. In the VM1 generation, the number of spikes increased, and the spectrum % rose. At treatment T2, the number of spikes in the VM2 generation increased. In the VM1 and VM2 generations, the greatest spectrum % was seen in late mutant characters at treatment T5. Both generational variations can be seen.

Resistance evaluation of sugarcane mutants to Sporisorium scitamineum, the causal agent of sugarcane smut disease

Sugarcane is one of the important crops in the world. It can produce a broad range of valuable products in the area of food, health, agriculture, and bioplastic. However, sugarcane is vulnerable to Sporisorium scitamineum infection. The use of resistant varieties is believed to be a proper control method for the disease. The induced mutation is one of breeding program methods that can be considered to acquire resistant varieties of sugarcane to smut disease. In 2018, we did mutation for some sugarcane varieties then in 2019 the mutants were screened for their resistance to smut disease. This research aimed to identify the resistance character of sugarcane mutants to smut disease. The inoculation method was conducted by dipping the bud into S. scitamineum teliospore suspension for 10 minutes at 30 °C. The buds were then planted and maintained in the polybags. The results showed that out of 41 evaluated mutants, 11 mutants were highly resistant, 9 mutants were resistant, 8 mutants were susceptible and 13 mutants were highly susceptible to smut infection. It seems that we could obtain resistant sugarcane varieties through induced mutation, however the resistance of the cane is still being evaluated during the ratoon stage.

Effect of salinity on phenothypic soybean mutant character (Glycine max (L.) Merr)

Get saline-tolerant soybean seeds can be produced using soybean mutant seeds that are induced by chemical or physical mutations. This study used soybean mutant that has previously been chemically induced by colchicine which is expected to produce plants that able to adapt to saline soils. This field experiment was conducted on January-March 2020 in Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Sumatera Utara. The experiment was arranged in a Randomized Block Design with one treatment that are levels of salinity (0; 2; 4; 6 dS/m) with ten replicates for each treatment. The data were analyzed statistically using ANOVA and then following by the DMRT test at 5% level. The results of this study show that increasing salinity can decrease phenotypic characters, were root length, root volume, root dry weight, canopy dry weight, and length of stomata. However, we discovered that soybean mutant can well grow at S3 (4 dS/m) as following the parameters were plants height (21.77cm), stem diameter (2.90cm), amount of stomata (42.67 stomata), and width of stomata (15.76 µm). Moreover, we discovered that the chlorophyll content of the soybean mutant increases until at 4 dS/m (7.67 g/ml).

Colchicine-induced mutation for new line development of tropical maize (Zea mays L.)

This research aimed to identify colchicine-induced tropical Yellow Corn characters and their potential in superior traits development. Single cross was applied to colchicine mutant line with tester line, INOAXM2 yellow and white seeds, to observe and test the characters enrichment of colchicine mutant, while pure line tester of sweet corn (OP-SBX) was used to observe the enhancement of germination and growth rate. Analysis of various quantitative data was determined using F test at the level of 5%, continued with Least Significant Difference Test (LSD) at the level of 5%. Potential characters and its inheritance pattern were determined by a descriptive statistical approach. Overall, germination and growth test of mutant show significant improvement when mutant crossed with tester lines. According to qualitative characters analysis of mutant line and its single way, it is found that glum colour is influenced by the male parent (Paternal Effect), while seed colour is determined by the female (Maternal Effect). From mutant M1 to M4, quantitative mutant (INFM) characters showed significant differences between lines within one generation and revealed improvements in single cross progeny. Single cross between colchicine line and tester mutant (IONAXM2) presents significant differences in all cobs characters (cob length, number of seeds in a row, number of rows, cob dry weight, and weight of 100 seeds (g) and reveals higher value compared to other lines. Mid-parent heterosis of single cross progeny of mutants was high for cob dry weight, those were 202.38% and 166.67%. The chromosomes observation of pink and yellow seeds of colchicine mutants revealed the presence of diploid, triploid, and euploid chromosomes, which verify chromosomal changes inside colchicine mutant lines.

Characterization of 60CO γ-ray induced pod trait of blackgram-A promising yield mutants

Purpose: Blackgram (Vigna mungo (L.) Hepper) possesses natural flower dropping character with self-pollination, which was highly challenging to create variability through hybridization. Gamma irradiation is a powerful tool to induce genetic alteration and improvement in crops with beneficial mutants. Hence, the present investigation focused on finding out the mutant characters related to the improvement of the agronomic characters and yield-related traits by using gamma irradiation. Pod mutant isolated with fruitful agronomic trait at M2 (Mutagenic) generation was identified and isolated by gamma irradiation is a central focus in the present study, which enhances the yield of the blackgram.Materials and methods: Viable and uniform size of blackgram Vamban-4 seeds were irradiated at a different dose of 60CO (Cobalt) γ-rays viz., 200, 400, 600, 800, 1000, and 1200 Gray (Gy). The further generations were screened and raised to M3 and M4 plants to select the stable mutants with yield traits.Results: In the M2 generation, the following viable and pod mutants were identified, such as tall, dwarf, multipod, small pod, bold pod, striata pod. Morphological traits, such as plant height (PH), number of branches per plant (NBP), number of leaves per plant (NLP), number of cluster per plant (NCP), number of pods per plant (NPP), number of seeds per pod (NSP), pod length (PL), a hundred seed weight (HSW), seed yield per plant (SYP), were measured. Among the mutants, the increased morphogenetic traits were recorded in tall mutants (600 Gy), and the enhancement of yield characteristics noticed in multipod (800 Gy) and bold pod mutants (600 Gy). Compared to other doses, 600 Gy shows enhanced quantitative traits for blackgram improvement.Conclusion: The 60CO γ-rays induced genetic variation in the yield and its related traits and obtained pod mutants, which are useful to enhance the commercial value of Vigna species and crop improvement.

Morphological Diversity and Molecular RAPD Markers of Sugarcane Mutane (Saccharum officinarum L.) in Inundation Tolerance

The study aimed to identify variations in morphological and molecular character of sugarcane mutants from the mutation of Ethyl Methane Sulphonate (EMS). It used 21 sugarcane mutants and two non-mutant PS865 plants as controls. The treatments with inundation were carried out on 1-17 mutants and non-mutants, while the treatments without inundation were carried out on 18-21 mutant plants and non-mutants. The tolerance characteristics base on the agronomic characters. The RAPD molecular character was observed to detect changes in genotypes and kinship relationships of the plants tested. The results showed that the characteristics of tolerance to the best inundation were found in mutants 1, mutants 3 and mutants 6 which were characterized by the root volume (cm3), fresh root weight (g), sucrose content and brix value (%). Mutant plants treated with inundation showed higher levels of sucrose and brix values. Whereas the control plants in fats, showed lower levels of sucrose and brix. Changes in sugarcane mutant genotypes from non-mutants based on RAPD markers ranged from 14.7 - 56.7 % which resulted in an average polymorphic band of 35.1 % from 37 DNA bands and produced four main groups based on dendrogram analysis.

The Effect of Gamma Radiation on Plant Morphological Characteristics of Zingiber officinale Roscoe

Induced mutation through gamma irradiation can cause changes in chromosome and genome which bring to successful variation in morphology of plant. The study was carried out to investigate the effect of gamma radiation on mutation frequency and plant morphology of Zingiber officinale Roscoe. The ginger rhizomes of Bentong and Tanjung Sepat cultivars were treated with gamma rays at six different dosages (5, 7, 9, 11, 13 and 15 Gray). The gamma ray was emitted from the Caesium-137 source at the rate of 4.31 Gy per minute at Malaysian Nuclear Agency irradiator facility. Different mutation frequencies and wide of mutation spectrum were observed in all treatments. The spectrums of mutant characters observed were stunted growth, plant stature, leaf deformation and chlorophyll mutation. The results show that mutation frequency in both varieties was higher at 5 and 7 Gy when compared to other doses. Therefore, the results proved that different doses of mutagen caused different effects on plant.

Field Performance of Five Soybean Mutants Under Drought Stress Conditions and Molecular Analysis Using SSR Markers

The objective s of this research w ere to evaluate (1) the performance of soybean mutant lines under drought stress condition s, and (2) the genetic diversity and relationship among the mutant lines using SSR markers. The field evaluation was conducted during the dry season of 2011 and 2012 at the experimental F arm of Mataram University, West Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia. The field experiment was set up in a randomized block design . Ten mutant lines and two control varieties were evaluated in four replications. Genetic distance among evaluated lines were determined based on allelic diversity analysis using 40 s imple sequence repeat (SSR) loci. Under drought stress conditions, two mutant lines , K dl 3 and K dl 8 , showed a better performance compared to the other ones. The h igh yielding mutant lines were K dl 3 and K dl 8, which yielded 1.75 t ha -1 and 1.69 t ha -1 , respectively, compared to the parent and national control , Panderman 1.43 t ha -1 and Muria 1.32 t ha -1 . These mutant lines required 30.75 to 32 days to flower and 79.75 to 83.75 day to harvest with relatively short plant height 28.25 and 23.35 cm respectively. T hose mutant characters were better than those of the other three mutants, the original parents, and the control soybean species. Since the evaluated soybean mutant lines yielded more under drought stress conditions than the standard varieties, t he y can be used and registered as drought-tolerant soybean mutant s . Moreover, the evaluated soybean accessions showed a wide genetic distance. The accessions were clustered into two groups according to their genetic background, namely group I (the Panderman with three mutant lines) and group II (the Muria with two mutant lines). Twenty-three out of 40 evaluated SSR loci, including AW31, BE806, CMAC7L, S080, S126, S57, S171, S224, S285 , S 294 , S 393 , S294 , S 383, S511 , S 511, S 5 20 , S 5 40, S547, S551, S571, S577, and S578, provided polymorphic alleles between the parents and their mutants and could be used to differentiate mutants from their parents. Therefore, these loci are informative and may be use ful for further analysis of soybean mutant lines in relation to breeding program.

14. 九州大学が保有せる稲の形態的突然変異形質の遺伝(I 年次講演会要旨,昭和47年度 年次、月例講演会およびシンポジウム要旨)

14. 九州大学が保有せる稲の形態的突然変異形質の遺伝(I 年次講演会要旨,昭和47年度 年次、月例講演会およびシンポジウム要旨)

TP53 Mutations and Outcome in Patients with Myelodysplastic Syndromes (MDS)

▪Objectives:TP53, a tumor suppressor gene, is frequently mutated in myeloid malignancies. The negative impact of TP53 mutations in myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) has been described previously but there is controversy regarding the prognostic impact of the mutation's characteristics (location, type, passenger vs. driver, and others).Methods:We sequenced DNA samples from 732 patients (pts) with MDS and related myeloid malignancies for the presence of TP53 mutations and 61 other genes that have been described as recurrently mutated in MDS. Overall survival (OS) was measured from the time of diagnosis to time of death or last follows up. Variant allele frequencies (VAFs) adjusted by zygosity were used to define clonal architecture of driver clones.Results:Of 80 mutations detected in 73 (10%) pts, 66 (88%) were missense, 7 (9%) were nonsense, and 7 (9%) were frame shift deletions/insertions. Pts with TP53 mutations had a higher WBC (4.6 vs. 3.9 X 109/L, p = .04), higher bone marrow blast % (median 9 vs. 3, p =0.1), and a higher risk category by revised International prognostic Scoring System (56% vs. 27%, p =.01) compared to pts with TP53 wild type. TP53 mutations were commonly occurred with TET2 (16%), PRPF8 (13%), ASXL1 (11%), DDX54 (8%), DNMT3A (8%), and IDH2 (8%). The mean VAF for TP53 was 41.9 (5-100). TP53 mutations were defined as drivers in 20% of samples, passengers in 40%, and mosaic in 40%. Mutation positions included: 19 (24%) in the DNA binding domain, 2 (3%) in the transactivation domain, 1 (1%) in the tetramerization domain and 58 (72%) other. With a median follow up of 16.4 months, the median OS for the entire group was 8.24 months. Patients with TP53 as driver mutations had a worse OS compared with patients with TP53 as passenger mutations (median, 2.2 vs. 13.0 months, respectively, p =.02). Similarly, OS by TP53 VAF categorized as low (<25%), intermediate (25-50%), and high (>50%) was 12.4, 8.5, and 3.4 months, respectively. Among patients with available treatment data, 29 patients were treated with the hypomethylating agents, azacitidine or decitabine, 17% responded (60% CR, and 40% PR), and OS was similar compared to patients treated with other therapies. Patients treated with Hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HCT) had superior OS compared to pts not receiving HCT (median, 14.9 vs. 8.9 months, respectively, p =.05).Conclusions:TP53 mutations are associated with poor outcome in MDS, but the outcome varies depending on the type of mutation and VAF. Treatment with HCT remains a valid treatment option in a subset of patients but novel treatment strategies are desperately needed. DisclosuresMukherjee:Novartis: Consultancy, Honoraria, Research Funding; Ariad: Consultancy, Honoraria, Research Funding; Celgene: Consultancy, Honoraria, Research Funding.

Radiosensitivitas dan Heritabilitas Ketahanan terhadap Penyakit Antraknosa pada Tiga Populasi Cabai yang Diinduksi Iradiasi Sinar Gamma

&lt;p&gt;ABSTRACT&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Commercial varieties of chili is still susceptible to anthracnose disease. Anthracnose is one of diseases which caused yield loss about 10-80% in rainy season and 2-35% in dry season. One of the disease control method is to develop new varieties resistant to anthracnose through gamma-ray irradiation. This research was aimed to determine radiosensitivity level and heritability of chili which generated by mutation inductions of three genotypes: IPB C2, IPB C10, and IPB C15. Seed of the three genotypes were irradiated by gamma rays at dosages of 100, 200, 300, 400, 500, 600, 700, 800, 900 and 1,000 Gy. The LD50 in IPB C2, IPB C10, and IPB C15 were 317.9, 591.4, and 538.8 Gy, respectively. The character of IPB C2 mutants ranged between very susceptible to resistant against anthracnose disease, IPB C10 tended to very susceptible to highly resistant, and genotype IPB C15 tended to susceptible to highly resistant. Genotype IPB C2 had high level in heritability for disease resistance character, while medium level in heritability value was obtained on genotype IPB C10 and IPB C15.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Keywords: genotype, LD50, mutant, mutation, seed&lt;/p&gt;

Oh My Goddess: Anthropological Thoughts On the Representation of Marvel’s Storm and the Legacy of Black Women in Comics

This study presents a qualitative analysis on the representation of black women in comic books using a sociocultural approach to their production-release background. We study the X-Men mutant character Storm, whose path reinforces and questions the social roles these women enact. We state that the analysis of cultural assets aimed at entertainment, like comic books, helps us consider the relationship between gender and ethnicity in our society.

Characterization and fine mapping of thermo-sensitive chlorophyll deficit mutant1 in rice (Oryza sativa L.).

Chlorophyll content is one of the most important traits controlling crop biomass and economic yield in rice. Here, we isolated a spontaneous rice mutant named thermo-sensitive chlorophyll deficit 1 (tscd1) derived from a backcross recombinant inbred line population. tscd1 plants grown normally from the seedling to tiller stages showed yellow leaves with reduced chlorophyll content, but showed no significant differences after the booting stage. At temperatures below 22°C, the tscd1 mutant showed the most obvious yellowish phenotype. With increasing temperature, the yellowish leaves gradually turned green and approached a normal wild type color. Wild type and tscd1 mutant plants had obviously different chloroplast structures and photosynthetic pigment precursor contents, which resulted in underdevelopment of chloroplasts and a yellowish phenotype in tscd1. Genetic analysis indicated that the mutant character was controlled by a recessive nuclear gene. Through map-based cloning, we located the tscd1 gene in a 34.95 kb region on the long arm of chromosome 2, containing two BAC clones and eight predicted candidate genes. Further characterization of the tscd1 gene is underway. Because it has a chlorophyll deficit phenotype before the tiller stage and little influence on growth vigor, it may play a role in ensuring the purity of hybrids.

Novel c.358C&gt;T mutation of SOX9 gene in prenatal diagnosis of campomelic dysplasia

Novel c.358<scp>C</scp>&gt;<scp>T</scp> mutation of <i><scp>SOX</scp>9</i> gene in prenatal diagnosis of campomelic dysplasia