Mustard Oil Research Articles

A RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL TO COMPARE THE EFFECT OF AG-NIKARMA WITH JAGGERY AND MUSTARD OIL IN TENNIS ELBOW

Tennis elbow or Lateral epicondylitis is a condition characterised by pain and tenderness at the lateral epicon-dyle of the humerus. It is associated with particular occupations and lifestyles. It often arises from the strain of the fibres of the common extensor tendon at its origin from the lateral epicondyle of the humerus. From an Ayurvedic point of view, Tennis elbow may be considered a Snayugathavata Vikara. Acharya Susrutha men-tioned Agnikarma as a treatment of choice for Snayugathavata Vikara. Salaka has been used regularly for this process irrespective of the structure involved or the level of the pathology. The Dahanopakarana mentioned for Snayugathavata Vikara are Guda(jaggery), Kshaudra(honey), Taila(oil), etc., as they have deep heat penetration capacity with a more significant latent heat period. Recently, many clinical research studies have been conduct-ed to discover the most effective and straightforward process in Snayugathavata Vikara, especially in Tennis Elbow. So far, no clinical trial has been undertaken to evaluate the comparative effect of different Snigdha Da-hanopakarana mentioned by Acharyas in Snayugatavata Vikara. The present study compares the impact of Ag-nikarma using Jaggery and Mustard oil in Tennis elbow. A randomised clinical study was conducted with 36 participants of the age group 20-60 years who had tennis elbows from the OP and IP departments of Salyatantra, satisfying inclusion and exclusion criteria. The participants were randomly selected and divided into two groups. Agnikarma with Jaggery in control group A and Agnikarma with Mustard oil in trial group B were done in a sin-gle sitting. Per subjective and objective criteria, participants were assessed before and after treatment. The fol-low-up was done on the 7th and 30th day after treatment. Statistical analysis found a significant difference in the effect of Agnikarma using Mustard oil compared to that of Jaggery in the management of tennis elbow.

Advances in Breeding for Oil Quality Enhancement in Indian Mustard (Brassica spp. L.): Achievements, Challenges, and Research Opportunities

Major objectives in oil crop improvement are enhancement of seed and oil yield, quality of oil according to its use, i.e. edible or industrial uses, breeding of varieties that fit in different cropping systems and breeding biotic and abiotic stress resistant/tolerant varieties. Despite traditional breeding approaches, including pure line breeding, yielding only modest gains in productivity, recent advancements in mustard breeding have led to significant breakthroughs in both productivity and oil quality. This review discusses the innovative breeding strategies that have contributed to these advancements, with a focus on hybrid development, oil quality enhancement, and biotechnological approaches. To enhance productivity, researchers at the University of Delhi have developed hybrid seed production techniques using transgenic Barnase-barstar systems and cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS) systems. These systems enable large-scale hybrid seed production, with field trials demonstrating significant yield heterosis ranging from 31% to 55% compared to national check varieties. In addition to productivity, improving oil and meal quality has been a key objective. By integrating genes from canola-quality mustard lines, breeders have achieved reductions in erucic acid and glucosinolates, enhancing the health profile and industrial applicability of mustard oil. A high-density linkage map developed using an F1 double haploid mapping population has facilitated the marker-assisted backcross breeding of desirable traits, enabling precise transfer of key quality traits. Transgenic approaches, such as antisense RNA technology, have led to the development of high-oleic, low-linoleic mustard lines with improved fatty acid profiles. These advancements reflect a strategic combination of conventional and biotechnological methods, demonstrating a clear pathway for boosting mustard yields while enhancing oil quality. Molecular markers reported for genetic diversity assessment, mapping and tagging genes/QTLs for different qualitative and quantitative traits and their use in marker-assisted selection have been presented. This progress not only addresses current challenges but also sets the stage for future research aimed at further optimizing productivity, oil quality, and resistance to pests and diseases in mustard cultivation.

Valorization and kinetic modeling of biosurfactant produced by Kocuria marina DAGII using waste cooking oil as a substrate

Microbial biosurfactant has wide applications in industrial sectors owing to their eco-friendly and biocompatible nature giving, an alternative to chemically synthesized surfactants. In our study, Kocuria marina DAG II, an isolated bacterium was observed to produce a biosurfactant. The production of biosurfactant was established by oil-spreading (3.72 ± 0.15 cm), drop collapse, and CTAB (Cetyltrimethyl ammonium bromide) assay. Biosurfactant activity was re-confirmed by the reduction in surface tension of uninoculated broth from 68.52 mN/m to 47.40 ± 0.57 mN/m. Chemical characterization study of the biosurfactant was done by TLC (thin-layer chromatography) indicating the presence of proteins (Rf = 0.78 ± 0.08), lipids (Rf = 0.79 ± 0.09), and polysaccharides (Rf = 0.81 ± 0.06). FTIR and NMR (1HNMR and 13CNMR) studies confirmed the presence of different functional groups and revalidated the presence of amino acids, lipids, and polysaccharides in the biosurfactant. From the optimization study, the highest production of biosurfactant having a yield of 3.05 ± 0.05 g/L was obtained at a temperature of 31 °C and pH 8, when kept for an incubation period of 88 hr. The addition of rancid and waste-frying mustard oil and used engine oil could enhance the production of biosurfactant by Kocuria marinaDAGII hence substantiating the concept of value-added biosurfactant production from waste. Kinetic modeling showed a good fit between experimental and predicted values using modified Gompertz model with R2 values of 0.99 and 0.99. The biosurfactant exhibited radical scavenging activity through DPPHand ABTS assays with IC50 values of 1.29 mg/ml and 0.56 mg/ml respectively. The biosurfactant produced by Kocuria marina DAG II could be utilized for various applications, bypassing the need for a synthetic surfactant.

Genetic Engineering in Indian Mustard (Brassica juncea L.): Current Progress and Future Directions for Enhanced Crop Improvement

Genetic tools have revolutionized mustard improvement strategies, offering innovative avenues to enhance its agronomic traits and quality parameters. CRISPR technology, exemplified by research at the National Institute of Plant Genome Research in India, has enabled precise manipulation of glucosinolate levels in mustard plants, improving mustard oil quality. The Barnase-barstar gene system has facilitated the development of mustard hybrids, increasing yield and resilience. Additionally, Microsatellites have emerged as indispensable tools for understanding genetic relationships within mustard populations. These genetic tools hold promise for addressing agronomic challenges and meeting market demands in mustard cultivation. However, their deployment raises ethical, regulatory, and socio-economic considerations that require careful consideration. Responsible stewardship and transparent deployment of these technologies are essential to realize their full potential in enhancing mustard crops and ensuring a sustainable future for food production. In conclusion, genetic engineering offers exciting avenues for mustard improvement, with CRISPR, the Barnase-barstar gene system, and Microsatellites playing pivotal roles in enhancing crop quality, yield potential, and resilience. As mustard continues to play a crucial role in global agriculture and food security, the responsible utilization of these genetic tools holds promise for meeting the evolving needs of farmers and consumers worldwide. Furthermore, the paper briefly discusses the application of these genetic tools in enhancing Dhara Mustard, a popular variety in Indian agriculture, emphasizing its potential impact on addressing agricultural challenges and meeting consumer demands.

A comparison of indigenous vegetable oils and their blends with optimal fatty acid ratio

Oil blending is a trendy method of retaining their visual appeal, which also enhances their quality, stability, and nutritional content. The significance of this study lies in its pioneering approach towards determining the optimal fatty acid ratio through the blending of oils extracted from Bangladeshi origin rice bran, sesame seed, and mustard seed. Three blends were prepared, consisting of unrefined rice bran oil (RBO), unrefined mustard oil (MO), and partially refined sesame oil (SO) in different proportions: 70:20:10, 50:30:20, and 30:40:30, respectively. GC-MS (Gas Chromatogram-Mass Spectrometer) analyses revealed that the 50:30:20 (RBO:MO:SO) blend preserved the optimal ratio of fatty acids, 1:2:1; Saturated fatty acids (SFA): mono-unsaturated fatty acids (MUFA): poly-unsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), which closely matched the WHO/FAO standards. This blend was further evaluated and compared with each individual oil. Compared to the individual oils, the blended oil demonstrated superior physicochemical qualities. The blend of 50:30:20 (RBO:MO:SO) had a total antioxidant content of 96.046±0.11 %, with an IC50 value of 0.518±0.20 mg/mL. This value was much greater than that of the single oils and on par with standards BHT (butylated hydroxytoluene) (97.589±0.40 %) and BHA ((butylated hydroxyanisole) (96.528±0.83 %). Density, viscosity, acid value, peroxide value, p-anisidine value, saponification value, iodine value, totox value, and color values of blended oil exhibited a slow rise in comparison to other individual vegetable oils under deep frying. The intended fatty acid ratio in the designed oil contributed to improved durability and nutritional potency compared to the individual oils, making it a potentially commercially feasible edible oil. By focusing on indigenous sources, the study aims to harness the unique properties of these oils to create blends that align with the dietary needs and preferences of the local population.

Green lubrication: Mustard oil-based bio-lubricant enhanced with waste eggshell-derived CaO nanoparticles for sustainable and eco-friendly industrial solutions

The adoption of bio-lubricants derived from vegetable oils is pivotal in advancing environmental sustainability and mitigating the ecological impact of industrial machinery. This study introduces a groundbreaking bio-lubricant formulated with mustard oil as the base, augmented by CaO nanoparticles synthesized from waste eggshells. The CaO nanoparticles were synthesized through a sol-gel method and meticulously characterized via scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). This investigation delves into the tribological, rheological, and thermal properties of the developed bio-lubricant, highlighting its potential as a sustainable alternative. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) were employed to evaluate thermal stability and cold flow properties, revealing promising results. A comparative study with commercially available engine oil (SAE20W40) underscores the superior performance of the bio-lubricant. The key innovation lies in the incorporation of CaO nanoparticles, facilitated by a surfactant, which substantially enhances wear and friction reduction, lubrication qualities, shear stability, viscosity-temperature behavior, and thermal stability. These advancements position our bio-lubricant as a high-performance, environmentally friendly substitute for conventional lubricants. The study's findings underscore its potential for widespread industrial adoption, promising a transformative shift towards sustainable and eco-conscious lubrication practices.

Analysis of Mustard and Sunflower oil available in local market of Baglung Bazaar

Analysis of Mustard and Sunflower oil available in local market of Baglung Bazaar

Exploring Ultrasonic Velocity and Compressibility Analysis for Various Edible Oils: A Comparative Study

This study presents a comparative analysis of ultrasonic velocity and compressibility properties in a selection of commonly used edible oils, namely mustard oil, olive oil, coconut oil, groundnut oil, and soybean oil. Understanding the acoustic and compressibility characteristics of these oils is of significant interest due to their widespread culinary and industrial applications. Ultrasonic velocity measurements were conducted using a precision ultrasonic velocity analyzer, while compressibility analysis was performed through precise density measurements. Our findings reveal distinct differences in ultrasonic velocity and compressibility among the various oils. This comparative study contributes to our understanding of the acoustical and compressibility characteristics of edible oils, offering potential applications in food processing, quality control, and product development. Additionally, the findings may have implications in the field of biomedical and industrial applications where these oils are utilized.

Spectroscopic evaluation of sesame and mustard oils treated with Murchana method

In recent years, there has been a growing interest in traditional medicinal practices such as Ayurveda, which emphasizes the use of natural ingredients for various therapeutic purposes. Vegetable oils are an integral part of our diet and have several applications in the cosmetics and healthcare industries. These oils have also been prescribed in ancient Ayurveda texts to treat various health problems. Ayurveda prescribes a processing technique called ‘Murchana’ to improve the therapeutic nature of the oils. Spectroscopic techniques have been used for quality assessment in many fields. High sensitivity and a low detection rate make spectroscopy a formidable analytical technique. This study focusses on the spectroscopic analysis of sesame and mustard oils prepared using the ayurvedic processing method ‘Murchana’. Spectroscopic analysis techniques including UV-Vis absorbance spectroscopy, fluorescence spectroscopy, and FTIR spectroscopy were employed to study the oils. Origin software was used to plot graphs of the spectra. The results indicated that the murchana process may reduce the components of the oil responsible for its oxidation, thereby increasing the shelf life of the oils. However, further investigations, including other spectroscopy and chromatography techniques, will prove beneficial in ascertaining the effects of the murchana process on vegetable oils. The study’s findings also suggest that spectroscopic techniques can be used to supplement chemical techniques to investigate the characteristics of vegetable oils.

Influence of Biofertigation and Crude Edible Oils Application on Yield Attributing Characters and Yield of Papaya (Carica papaya L.) cv. Red Lady

Various organic substances have demonstrated effectiveness in sustaining soil and plant health, thereby enhancing growth, yield, and quality across different crops. The experiment was carried out to know the influence of biofertigation and crude edible oils application on yield attributing characters and yield of papaya (Carica Papaya L.) cv. Red Lady at Department of Fruit Science, Dr. YSRHU-College of Horticulture, Venkataramanannagudem, West Godavari district of Andhra Pradesh during 2021-22 and 2022-23. The experiment was laid out in a Factorial RBD with three replications consisted of two factors viz., biofertilizers at three levels (B1: 5 ml each of NFB + PSB + KRB; B2: 2.5 ml each of NFB + PSB + KRB; B3: Without biofertilizer) and crude edible oil at five levels (C1: Ground nut oil @0.5%; C2: Castor oil @0.5%; C3: Mustard oil @0.5%; C4: Ground nut oil + Castor oil + Mustard oil @0.5%; C5: No crude oil spray) with fifteen treatment combinations. Among the treatments studied, the results revealed that minimum days to first flowering, fruit initiation height, days to first harvest, maximum number of fruits per plant, fruit length, fruit girth, average fruit weight, fruit yield per plant and fruit yield hectare were registered in the plants applied with 5 ml each of biofertilizers NFB+ PSB + KRB along with ground nut oil + castor oil + mustard oil @0.5% (B1C4).

Influence of Biofertigation and Crude Edible Oils Application on Growth Characteristics of Papaya (Carica papaya L.) cv. Red Lady

An experiment was carried out to know the influence of biofertigation and crude edible oils application on growth, floral and fruit characteristics of papaya (Carica Papaya L.) cv. Red Lady was carried out at Department of Fruit Science, Dr. YSRHU-College of Horticulture, Venkataramanannagudem, West Godavari district of Andhra Pradesh during 2021-22 and 2022-23. The experiment was carried out in a Factorial RBD with three replications consisted of two factors viz., biofertilizers at three levels (B1: 5 ml each of NFB + PSB + KRB; B2: 2.5 ml each of NFB + PSB + KRB; B3: Without biofertilizer) and crude edible oil at five levels (C1: Ground nut oil @0.5%; C2: Castor oil @0.5%; C3: Mustard oil @0.5%; C4: Ground nut oil + Castor oil + Mustard oil @0.5%; C5: No crude oil spray) with fifteen treatment combinations. Among the treatments studied, the results revealed that the maximum plant height, stem girth, number of leaves per plant at 360 DAT were registered in the plants with biofertigation of 5 ml each of biofertilizers NFB + PSB + KRB (B1), spraying of crude edible oils viz., with ground nut oil + castor oil + mustard oil @0.5% (C4)] and their interaction i.e. plants applied with 5 ml each of biofertilizers NFB+ PSB + KRB along with ground nut oil + castor oil + mustard oil @0.5% (B1C4).

Efficacy of using plant ingredients as partial substitute of fishmeal in formulated diet for a commercially cultured fish, Labeo rohita

Reliance on fish meal can be reduced by incorporating plant-based ingredients, making aquaculture more economical, sustainable and environmental friendly. In this study, the efficacy of plant protein ingredients (PPI) such as mustard oil cake (MOC), soybean meal (SBM) and rice bran (RB) as Partial substitute of fishmeal (FM) was investigated for a commercially important fish, Labeo rohita in cages for 90 days. Three experimental diets, labeled as Diet 1, Diet 2, and Diet 3, were formulated to be isonitrogenous (with protein content ranging from 32.20 to 32.29%) and iso-caloric (with gross energy ranging from 4.12 to 4.17 kcal/g). These diets contained different proportions of PPI (45, 68, and 79%) and FM (46, 23, and 11%, respectively). Square-shaped cages with a volume of 1m3 (1 m × 1 m × 1 m) were stocked with 40 fish/m3 each with an average initial weight of 52.97 g in triplicates. Fish were hand-fed to apparent satiation twice daily for 7 days a week at a feeding rate of 5% in the initial month and 3% for the rest of the culture period. 50% of the caged fish was sampled monthly to monitor growth performance and at the termination of the experiment, all the fish was harvested to measure production economics performance. The results indicated improved growth performance and higher feed utilization at Diet 2, yielding significantly (p < 0.05) higher fish production compared to Diet 3, while these parameters were insignificant with Diet 1. By replacing FM with PPI, the total feed cost compared to Diet 1 was reduced to 20.62 and 32.76% for Diet 2 and Diet 3, respectively. The replacement of 50% FM in Diet 2 also yielded a 15.61% higher total economic net return than the Diet 1 group. However, a higher inclusion rate of PPI in Diet 3 potentially reduced fish growth, with a consequent decline of 41.61% total economic net return compared to the Diet 1 group. In conclusion, the replacement of 50% FM in Diet 2 compared to Diet 1 returned a higher benefit–cost ratio (1.72) among the feeding groups. Therefore, this FM replacement experiment suggested a 50% FM replaced diet as an unconventional, cost-effective, and readily available novel protein source without compromising the inherent nutritional quality of fish and feed in the cage culture of L. rohita. The results could be widely applicable to the fast-growing approach of cage culture technology across Asia and beyond.

Experimental investigation on nontoxic solvents for separation of vanillic acid

AbstractBACKGROUNDVanillic acid, an aromatic carboxylic acid and a derivative of vanillin, is used as an additive in consumer goods for its aroma. Previously, most vanillic acid was produced through a petrochemical route, but as a consequence of stringent environmental policies, it is now produced by the biotransformation of ferulic acid. Vanillic acid is also found in the wastewater streams of paper‐pulp industries and olive‐oil mills. So, recovering vanillic acid from fermentation broth, either during bioproduction or from a wastewater stream, while minimizing toxicity, is a difficult task. In order to reduce the toxicity substantially, bio‐based solvents such as sunflower, mustard and rice bran oils were employed as diluents along with tri‐n‐butyl phosphate (TBP) as extractant in order to recover vanillic acid by reactive extraction.RESULTSThe extraction performance was elucidated using terms such as distribution ratio, extraction efficiency, loading ratio and equilibrium complexation constant for different extractant–diluent combinations. The highest extraction efficiency and distribution ratio for the different solvents were in the following order: TBP + sunflower‐oil (72.02%–92.47%; 2.57–12.29) > TBP + rice bran‐oil (65.56%–90.55%; 1.90–9.58) > TBP + mustard‐oil(64.03%–89.87%; 1.78–8.87). The theoretical number of stages was determined as 4 to achieve a targeted extraction efficiency of 90%; these predictions were borne out experimentally.CONCLUSIONIn this study, vanillic acid was recovered from the aqueous phase using tri‐n‐butyl phosphate in sustainable, environmentally friendly, bio‐based solvents such as rice bran oil, sunflower oil and mustard oil. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry (SCI).

Erucic Acid: A Possible Therapeutic Agent for Neurodegenerative Diseases.

Neurodegenerative disorders are among the most common life-threatening disorders among the elderly worldwide and are marked by neuronal death in the brain and spinal cord. Several studies have demonstrated the beneficial role of dietary fatty acids in different brain disorders. This is due to their neurotrophic, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory properties. Furthermore, extensive evidence shows that an unbalanced intake of certain dietary fatty acids increases the risk of neuropsychiatric diseases. Several research has been done on erucic acid, an ingestible omega-9 fatty acid that is found in Lorenzo's oil. Erucic acid was previously thought to be a natural toxin because of its negative effects on heart muscle function and hepatic steatosis, but it has been discovered that erucic acid is regularly consumed in Asian countries through the consumption of cruciferous vegetables like mustard and rapeseed oil with no evidence of cardiac harm. Erucic acid can also be transformed into nervonic acid, a crucial element of myelin. Therefore, erucic acid may have remyelinating effects, which may be crucial for treating different demyelinating conditions. Also, erucic acid exerts antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects, suggesting its possible therapeutic role in different neurodegenerative disorders. Considering the fruitful effects of this compound, this article reviews the probable role of erucic acid as a pharmacological agent for treating and managing different neurodegenerative disorders.

Design and analysis of herbal hair oil

The significance of herbal hair oil for the longevity of hair health is highlighted in this study. Hair care products applied to the hair to cure hair issues include herbal hair oil. A vital component of natural cosmetics is herbal hair oil. The goals of herbal hair oil are discussed in this article, along with how it may improve hair health, control frizz, prevent hair loss, and more. This focuses on the components that are frequently used to make herbal hair oil, such as coconut oil, sesame oil, mustard oil, and other herbal ingredients. Herbal hair oil is more in demand and utilized for several hair conditions.

Efficacy of Drumstick Tree (Moringa oleifera) Leaves Powder on Lipid Profile and Hematological Indices in Chickens on a High Fat Diet

Moringa oleifera belongs to the Moringaceae family and genus Moringa. Moringa oleifera has many beneficial pharmaceutical and nutritional properties. The present study aimed to investigate the effects of dietary supplements of Moringa oleifera leaves powder after consumption of a high-fat diet on cholesterol TG, HDL, LDL, VLDL and hematological parameters such as Hb, MCV, MCH, MCHC, PCV, RBCs, WBCs, PLT neutrophil, heterophil and lymphocytes count in chicks. Golden Misri Chickens were divided into 4 groups: Group 1 (the Control group) was given Feed-13. Group 2 (Experimental Group) was given Feed-13 and mustard oil (high-fat diet) Group 3 (experimental Group) was given Feed-13 + mustard oil and 1.5% Moringa oleifera leaves powder. Group 4 (experimental Group) was given Feed-13 and 1.5% of Moringa oleifera leaves powder for four weeks. The results of the current study showed a significant (p < 0.05) increase in body weight in Experimental Group 3. Experimental group 3 showed a significant increase in levels of HDL, TG, RBCs, and Hb, while significantly decreased (p > 0.05) in LDL, TLC, WBCs, MCHC, MCV, MCH, TC, TP, Monocytes count, neutrophil count, and platelet counts. Moringa oleifera supplementation showed a significant reduction in cholesterol, LDL, and TC levels. The findings of this study demonstrated that powdered Moringa oleifera is a beneficial and effective dietary supplement that increases HDL, TG, Hb, and RBCs, and decreases cholesterol levels.

Influence of Organic and Inorganic Inputs on Vegetative, Flowering and Yield Attributes of Marigold cv. Pusa Narangi Gainda

The present investigation was carried out on “Influence of organic and inorganic inputs on vegetative, flowering and yield attributes of marigold cv. Pusa NarangiGainda” at instructional farm, Department of Floriculture and Landscape Architecture, College of Horticulture and Forestry, Pasighat, Arunachal Pradesh during the year 2021-22. A field experiment was laid out in Randomized Block Design (RBD) with 13 treatments in three replications. Findings revealed significant (p<0.05) influence of organic and inorganic inputs on vegetative, flowering and yield characters of the marigold. Maximum plant height (130.70 cm), number of primary branches (11.20), number of secondary branches (14.40), leaf area (56.57 cm2), East-Westplant spread (49.25 cm), and North-South plant spread (46.50 cm) were associated with treatments T12-FYM @ 25 t.ha-1 + Vermicompost @ 5 t.ha-1 + Mustard oil cake @ 5 t.ha-1 + Dolomite @ 222 kg.ha-1. Treatment T12 also had earlier bud initiation (44.10 days), maximum number of flowers per plant (20.23), and flower yield (159.73 q). However, the maximum flower diameter (62.19 mm) was recorded in the treatment T10 - FYM @ 25 t.ha-1 + Mustard oil cake @ 5 t.ha-1 + Dolomite @ 222 kg.ha-1. The study demonstrates that combination of organic inputs significantly enhances the vegetative, flowering and yield attributes in marigold that could be exploited for increased productivity of the crop.

Present status of brood stock management and breeding operations at Carp Hatcheries in Jashore, Bangladesh

Sustainable aquaculture production depends on the proper management of brood stock. In this regard, multiple survey studies were reviewed to assess the present status of management of carp brood stock at Jashore region in Bangladesh from March 2023 to August 2023. A total of 38 hatcheries were selected in Jashore. The areas of ponds were ranged from 33.33 to 400 decimal and shape with maximum rectangular. The green color water of pond was 79% and 75% practice pond drying. Most of the farmers applied liming doses were ranged from 500- 1200 gm dec-1. Most of the farmers used rotenone (39%) to control predators in the brood stock pond. Different sorts of fertilizers both organic and inorganic were applied. Most of the brood stocks (39%) were collected from the hatcheries and the rest of them were collected from other pond, World fish, BFRI and the natural sources (Halda and Padma River). Moreover, 4 carp species (rui, catla, mrigala and kalbashu) among 13 endemic and 4 exotic carp species (silver carp, grass carp, bighead and common carp) out of 6 exotic carp’s species were used for seed production. Negative selection of brood stock was performed in few hatcheries in order to reduce the cost for collecting or purchasing good quality broods. The formulated feed which contained 20-30% protein for carp brood stock were prepared using the indigenous ingredients including mainly rice bran, mustard oil cake, vitamin and mineral premix, wheat flour, fish meal and soya bean flour and maize flour. The main problem of hatchling production is Argulosis (fish lice) diseases which causes 95% of hatchlings mortality. Finally, these survey findings indicate that proper brood stock management could be a good approach to attain the main purpose of aquaculture.

Comparative Study of Plant Based Isoproteinous Diets on the Growth Performance of Labeo rohita and Catla catla Fingerlings

The present study was carried out to compare the effect of different plant based protein on the growth performance of Labeo rohita and Catla catla fingerlings. The experiment was designed as two experimental diets and one control group. Control groups contains (Mustard oil cake + Rice bran) whereas, experimental diets T1 (Soybean meal + Corn flour) and T2 (Groundnut meal + Wheat flour), both formulated by using the Pearson square method to maintain protein content of 35%. The result showed that, the best survival and growth performances including SGR, FCR and PER was found in treatment T1(Soybean meal + Corn flour) as compared to other treatments. The findings suggested that the inclusion of Soya bean meal along with Corn flour in the diet led to superior fish growth and overall fish production compared to other plant-based feed ingredients investigated in this study. These results contributed valuable insights into optimizing plant-based diets for enhancing the growth and production efficiency of L. rohita and C. catla fingerlings during aquaculture operations.

Evaluation of Anti-epileptic Effect of Sinapis alba using Maximal Electroshock Seizure Model

Background: Epilepsy is a prevalent neurological disorder, prompting an ongoing quest for new therapeutic agents. Sinapis alba, commonly known as yellow mustard, has garnered interest for its potential medicinal properties. This study aimed to assess the anti-convulsant potential of Sinapis alba in rats. Methods: Wistar albino rats were categorized into 5 distinct experimental groups (six each) : a normal control, a disease control, a group administered Sinapis alba seed oil (200mg/kg body weight), another given sodium valproate (300mg/kg body weight), and a combination group receiving both Sinapis alba seed oil and sodium valproate (150mg/kg body weight each). Antioxidant markers were subsequently extracted from the brain samples, and cresyl violet staining was employed to discern pathological changes. Results: The findings revealed a significant diminution in the durations of flexion, clonic convulsion, and stupor in the test, standard, and combination groups in contrast with the disease control. Additionally, the duration of tonic hind limb extension (THLE) noted a substantial decrease in the Sinapis alba group, sodium valproate group, and combination group. Moreover, the administration of Sinapis alba seed oil led to an elevation in antioxidant levels and a concomitant reduction in lipid peroxide levels. Intriguingly, a synergistic effect on generalized tonic-clonic seizures was observed upon integrating mustard oil with sodium valproate. Conclusion: Our research suggests that Sinapis alba seed extract demonstrates promising anti-epileptic properties and stands as a potential supplementary drug for managing generalized tonic-clonic seizures.