Muslim Community Research Articles

PELAKSANAAN KULTUM DALAM PENINGKATAN PEMAHAMAN MAKNA SHOLAT TARAWIH PADA MASYARAKAT DI MASJID JAMI’ BULUREJO JOMBANG

Tarawih prayers are one of the worship services performed during the month of Ramadan, which is an important part of Muslim religious practice. A thorough understanding of the meaning and purpose behind performing tarawih prayers is critical for Muslim communities, particularly in the context of increasing spirituality and appreciation of religion. This research aims to explore the role of implementing kultum in increasing understanding of the meaning of Tarawih prayers at the Bulurejo Jami' Mosque, Jombang, as well as its impact on the community members who participate in this activity. The method used in carrying out this service may be interactive lectures and short discussions in the Tarawih prayer congregation. The results of this service show that the implementation of kultum has a very important role in increasing understanding of the meaning of Tarawih prayers among the people of the Bulurejo Jami' Mosque. Through Kultum, worshippers can explore the theological, historical, and practical aspects of Tarawih prayers in depth. In conclusion, the implementation of the cult at the Bulurejo Jami' Mosque had a positive impact on increasing understanding of the meaning of Tarawih prayers and strengthening the community's faith and spirituality. This research recommends enhancing the quality and frequency of cultural activities and broadening community participation to enhance understanding of religion and diversity

Jalawastu Islamic People: The Struggle to Find Meaning in the "Ngasa Ritual" District Muslim Community Brebes

Jalawastu Islamic People: The Struggle to Find Meaning in the "Ngasa Ritual" District Muslim Community Brebes

Penolakan Hadis Ahad: Dari Mu'tazilah dan Jahmiyah hingga Tokoh Modern

This study examines the crucial role of Hadith Ahad in Islamic teachings, both in matters of faith (aqidah) and other aspects. If Hadith Ahad cannot be used as a proof (hujjah), many Islamic teachings understood and believed by the majority of Muslims would be displaced. This consequence highlights the importance of understanding and accepting the authority of Hadith Ahad in maintaining the continuity and integrity of Islamic teachings. Rejection of Hadith Ahad would have a broad impact on the understanding and beliefs of the Muslim community. The Mu’tazilah and Jahmiyah are groups that understand religious sources by prioritizing reason, which naturally leads to differences with other groups. This study covers the definition of Hadith Ahad and its authority, the Mu’tazilah and Jahmiyah sects' rejection of Hadith Ahad, and discusses the modern scholars' rejection of Hadith Ahad, especially in the establishment of faith (aqidah).

The Virgin’s Body and the Sheikh’s Head

The village of Bansko, in the Republic of North Macedonia, is known in historical-ethnological studies for its Muslim heterodox community. The Eastern Orthodox Macedonian community in the village started to gain visibility since the 1950s, to become dominant in the last decades. The village provides a good example of how the dynamics of religious communities living together is revealed through the activities of local religious virtuosi, who interpret and even may influence processes of peaceful or conflictual coexistence. This article is based on fieldwork conducted between 1999 and 2006, primarily focusing on a local female Christian-Orthodox seer whose activities, based on dream revelations, led to a Christian-Orthodox re-interpretation of the local religioscape. The latter consists in a dense network of Christian and Muslim holy places, whose making is evoked through legends and narratives of dreams and visions. Here, the legends around a miracle-working icon of Theotokos believed to be the Virgin’s body, and the disputes over the wooden sculptured head of a sheik that marked the place of his tomb, are used as metaphors to describe the shifting relationship between the two religious communities over time.

Carrying the Cross of Discord

This article investigates the traditional procession of the cross of Vladimir of Dioclea, known as Jovan Vladimir among the Serbians. The ritual is annually held on Trinity Day in June near the city of Bar in Montenegro. Vladimir ruled over the Principality of Dioclea at the beginning of the eleventh century and is venerated as the first Serbian as well as the first Montenegrin saint. Orthodox pilgrims had been carrying the cross up to Mount Rumija for centuries alongside the Catholic and Muslim communities of southern coastal Montenegro, where the saint’s relic has been equally respected by all confessions. After being discouraged by socialist Jugoslav authorities, the ritual was fully restored in the 1990s. However, in 2005 a metal church was erected on the peak of the mountain by the Serbian Orthodox Church, recalling the myth of an old church demolished by the Ottomans in the sixteenth century. This unilateral action induced the other groups to give up the ritual. The dispute over the legitimacy of the metal church in Rumija reveals forms of conflict, negotiation and interaction that redefine the inter-religious and political landscape of Montenegro. Based on fieldwork conducted in 2022 and in 2023, this article pays specific attention to the nationalistic discourse pervading the cult, the myth, and the ritual of Saint Vladimir. It reflects on the attitude of both Serbian Orthodox clerics and believers towards this important procession, but also the volatile degree of inter-religious (in)tolerance.

Palaku's Position in the Traditional Marriage of the Dayak Muslim Community in Tewah District, Gunung Mas Regency

The Dayak Muslim community in Tewah District, Gunung Mas Regency is sometimes quite burdensome for some men with the high value of the act (maskawin) so that the prospective groom is not able to fulfil it, even though this behaviour is chosen by the Tewah community as a legal foothold in the marriage tradition. This research aims to focus on the position of the perpetrators in the customary marriage of the Muslim Dayak community in Tewah District, Gunung Mas Regency, the amount of the perpetrators in the customary marriage of the Muslim Dayak community in Tewah District, Gunung Mas Regency and the perpetrators in customary marriage in Tewah District, Gunung Mas Regency are determined in the form of land. This research includes empirical research with the type of legal sociology. It is studied through a socio-legal qualitative approach which is analyzed through the theory of Legal Certainty. The results of this research are: the position of the perpetrator in the Dayak customary marriage is first, the position of the perpetrator as a dowry, second, the position of the perpetrator as a condition, third, the position of the perpetrator as a symbol of self-esteem. The implications of these findings are the need for a balance between traditional values and the economic ability of the prospective groom, as well as dialogue to adapt customary practices to current socio-economic conditions. This study demonstrates the importance of flexibility and adaptation in traditional practices to reduce excessive financial burden on individuals.

PCR-Based DNA Detection of Bovine on Medium of Cultured Meat for Consumption: Religious Perspectives

Food technology advancements have led to the development of cultured or artificial meat produced in a laboratory setting. Recently, Israel and Singapore have built factories specifically for cultured meat production. Malaysia is also informed about a cultured meat processing facility, which is expected to be completed in 2024. This alternative is a viable solution to meet the boosting needs and demand for meat-based food products while minimising the environmental impact of traditional livestock farming. Nevertheless, despite its potential benefits, cultured meat faces diverse challenges, including religious concerns for faiths with specific dietary requirements. Therefore, this research intended to determine the detection of DNA of bovine on the cultured medium by using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis. The polymerase chain reaction analysis was conducted by targeting the mitochondrial DNA of the cytochrome oxidase II (COII) gene sequence and produced an amplicon size of 165 bp. The PCR was obtained by using the sample of medium mix with different concentrations (10-20%) of Foetal Bovine Serum (FBS) (Capricorn Scientific, Ebsdorfergrund, Germany), and the cell was harvested on different days. For DNA extraction, GENEAID Blood/Cell DNA mini kit (Taipei, Taiwan) was used. The findings demonstrate that DNA concentration in foetal bovine serum content was detected on the cultured medium. The presence of DNA contradicts religions such as Islam and Judaism that have strict standard dietary practices known as halal and kosher respectively. This study serves as a reference for the consumption of cultured meat for the consumer, particularly for Muslim and Jewish communities.

THE CONTRIBUTION OF DA'WAH IN SHAPING LEGAL BEHAVIOR OF URBAN COMMUNITIES MATARAM CITY

Da'wah activities should be able to bring about changes in the body of the ummah, including forming legal behavior which includes legal compliance, legal awareness, understanding of rights and obligations as well as ethics and morals. The more often a person participates in da'wah activities, the better his legal behavior should be. By using a qualitative method, this research tries to reveal the contribution of da'wah in shaping the legal behavior of Muslim communities in the city of Mataram. The results of this study show the contribution of da'wah in the formation of legal behavior of Muslim communities in the city of Mataram. The contribution is influenced by four factors, namely first, the attachement between the community (mad'u) and Tuan Guru/Ustadz (da'i). Second, the commitment of the community (mad'u) to follow what is conveyed by da'i in the da'wah activities they participate in. Third, involvement (involvment) refers to the intensity of the community in da'wah activities. Fourth, belief refers to the internalization of the values of religious teachings absorbed in the da'wah activities they participate in.

Adaptasi Dakwah Antar Budaya Sebagai Pembentuk Identitas Muslim Melayu di Makassar

This study aims to analyze the dynamics of intercultural da'wah adaptation in the Malay Muslim community in Makassar. The background of this research is based on the lack of information about the dynamics of intercultural da'wah for ethnic Malay Muslims in Makassar, which can affect people's understanding of cultural diversity. The research method uses a qualitative approach with an ethnographic study involving participatory observation, in-depth interviews, and qualitative data analysis. The results showed that the Malay Muslim community in Makassar plays an essential role in forming cultural identity amid ethnic and religious diversity. The adaptation of intercultural da'wah is observed in the location of Malay people and places of worship that are on the crossing path of cultural and religious diversity. The Makmur Melayu Mosque, as the centre of religious activities, is located close to Chinese and Arab settlements, reflecting the contribution of intercultural da'wah in forming Malay-Muslim identity in Makassar. The process of cultural acculturation is also observed through the adaptation of language, social systems and Islamic values For example, cultural adaptation was found through cross-cultural marriages, especially among Bugis Makassar aristocrats, which contributed to the formation of identity and social structure in Makassar.

Asset Management in Islamic Inheritance: A Solution for Economic Empowerment Obstacles

If inheritance assets are transferred, the economic well-being of heirs should increase. However, conflicts among heirs often prevent this, resulting in unproductive or disputed assets with unclear ownership. These disputes significantly hinder the economic progress of the heirs. This article attempts to propose a solution to the problem. According to Islamic inheritance principle, before distribution, there are three obligations must be fulfilled: handling the body's costs, repaying the deceased's debts, and executing their will within limits. Afterward, remaining assets can be distributed among entitled heirs according to Islamic inheritance laws. The remaining assets, termed inheritance, can enhance heirs economic empowerment when distributed. The asset management approach that focuses on Islamic inheritance is expected to further impetus for the economic strengthening of individual beneficiaries specifically, as well as benefit the Muslim community and the general public in the country, such as alleviating conflicts and cultivating heightened economic activity. This qualitative study utilizes a library research approach with phenomenological lens. Based on the literature review conducted, asset management based on the principles of Islamic heritage with the aim of increasing economic empowerment is: providing education to families about Islamic inheritance; accurately record ownership of property, debts, and receivables; the written documents as proof of ownership of asset, and the determination of inheritance rights and their division should be held; utilizing inheritance assets productively to establish sustainable individual or family finances.

THE INTERSECTION OF ISLAM AND ADAT IN POLITICS: The Pakpak Muslim Community

THE INTERSECTION OF ISLAM AND ADAT IN POLITICS: The Pakpak Muslim Community

Contribution of Islamic Civilization to the Scientific Enterprise of the Modern World

The contributions of the Islamic Civilization since its advent in Arab, it has always produced numerous intellectuals, learned people, artists and scientists. An account of the development of Islamic Civilization in Maktabs and Madrasas in Arab since the First century A.H. has influenced non-Muslims by different generations, continuing its enterprising factor and still exists. Masjid, Maktab and Madrasas are meant for theological studies, however, these produced many scholars and learned men, not in theology but in other subjects as well. The products of Islamic Civilization influenced the education, culture, language as well contributing in Islamic sciences, Scientific Enterprises, social sciences, literature, art and Culture. The present paper discusses few of the contributions, which have received recognition, not only in Arab but also on global way. This knowledge was transferred to Western Europe and subsequently played an important role in revitalizing a climate of learning and exploration in Europe, leading to the Renaissance in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries. Although, the Muslim community has a rich heritage of its art and architecture, language and literature, culture and civilization, history and archaeology, Chemistry, Medicine, Pharmacology, etc. thus the paper highlights the glorious contributions of Islamic civilization that have now been filtered from Islamic Civilization to the Western Civilization.

Religion, spirituality, and responding to guilt among Muslim women

ABSTRACT Commitment to culturally sensitive practice is an ethical obligation that requires knowledge and skills specific to the practice context. Research shows that incorporating religion and spirituality into mental health practice is central to working effectively with Muslim communities. Practitioners need to consider the unique positionality and intersectionality when promoting mental health among Muslim women living in Western countries. This paper explores the trauma-informed, counseling approach and the integration of spirituality and religion when working with Muslim women living in Western Australia. Using the critical reflection approach, the research focuses on the concept of guilt about mental health and summarizes the main points considered in the counseling framework such as the centrality of spirituality and religion in perceiving guilt. The paper presents some practical strategies to incorporate cultural, religious, and spiritual concepts into the counseling relationship.

Modeling Religious Coexistence: The Turkish and Tatar Muslim Communities in Romania’s Dobruja

The peaceful coexistence of different religions is crucial today, especially with the ongoing conflicts in Ukraine and the Levant and the arrival of new refugees and immigrants with diverse faith traditions. In Romania, while immigrants may face challenges integrating into the predominantly Romanian Orthodox religious majority, the Dobrogean Model of Religious Pluralism is a pattern of inter-religious coexistence with the potential to clarify the critical factors needed to facilitate peaceful pluralism among religious groups. Utilizing Rogers Brubaker’s triadic-nexus configuration of national minorities, nationalizing states, and external national homelands alongside various qualitative methods, this paper will investigate the historical and institutional elements for promoting peaceful coexistence, particularly with an eye toward the Islamic minority in the Dobruja region. The study will also examine the crucial role of state and affiliated institutions in promoting tolerance and coexistence by protecting freedom of religion. Romania's location at the crossroads of the East and West and the Dobruja region's reputation as a model of religious pluralism makes it an excellent case study for identifying critical factors for the peaceful coexistence of religions in contemporary societies.

PEMIKIRAN TEOLOGI FEMINIS RIFFAT HASSAN DAN RELEVANSINYA TERHADAP PERAN LAKI- LAKI DALAM ISU GENDER

Abstract Through reflection on her own life experience as part of the Muslim community, Riffat Hassan points out the social facts about gender inequality that occur in the majority of people who embrace Islam and according to her this fact is contrary to the teachings of Islam itself which upholds equality and justice. Then to answer this problem, Riffat Hassan proposed the idea of feminist theology. In this article, the author will examine Riffat Hassan's thoughts on feminist theology and show the relevance of these thoughts to the role of men in gender issues. The results of the study show that, first, Riffat Hassan succeeded in revealing that the cause of gender inequality is the patriarchal culture that underlies the interpretation and thinking of Islamic teachings, for example shown through the preservation of the myth of Eve's creation from Adam's rib, which according to Riffat Hassan, this story has been used as the strongest legitimacy to illustrate male superiority over women. Secondly, the goal of feminist theology for Riffat Hassan is not only to liberate Muslim women, but also Muslim men, because both are victims of patriarchal culture. This is where the role of men in gender issues finds its relevance. Keywords: feminist theology, patriarchal culture, gender inequality, creation myths

Saudi Arabia and daʿwa Mission: The Role of Muslim World League and Islamic University of Medina in Spreading Wahhabi-Salafi Doctrine in the 1960s.

Starting from the 1960s, Saudi Arabia began an international daʿwa campaign with the aim of positioning itself as the representative of the international Muslim community and spreading its religious beliefs, identified in the Wahhabi-Salafi doctrine. At the head of the process, controlling the whole system, there were two institutions, the Muslim World League (Rābiṭa al-ʿālam al-islāmī) and the Islamic University of Medina (al-jamiʿa al-islamiyya al-Madīna al-munawwara). Focusing on the socio-political and ethical-academic aspects, MWL and IUM tried to exercise their influence over the umma by controlling Islamic institutional, religious, and youth centres globally, and taking care of the ideological formation by managing educational centres, school, and universities; most of the scholars formed in Medina – both professors and students - held positions of high relevance in some MWL-circuit organizations established in different countries, with the aim of disseminating the teachings and playing an active geopolitical role. MWL and IUM represented the primary tools for religious propaganda and worked towards creating an international network that directly or indirectly served the Saudi agenda.

THE ETHICAL RELATIONSHIPS OF PEOPLE AND PLACE: Theoretical Analysis on Muslim Communities Environmental Responsibility

THE ETHICAL RELATIONSHIPS OF PEOPLE AND PLACE: Theoretical Analysis on Muslim Communities Environmental Responsibility

Contemporary Legal Pluralism, the Modern Metropole, and Immigrant Integration: Negotiating the Law and Legal Institutions in Immigrant Contexts

Social actors’ ability to navigate multiple—and at times contradictory—institutions is essential to the well-being of contemporary diverse societies. For immigrants, the process and outcome of this negotiation shape the trajectories of their integration. Through in-depth interviews, participant observations, and the analysis of written and online materials, this paper studies Muslim immigrants’ experiences of, responses to, and negotiations with the coexistence of American and Islamic laws in the U.S. The data show that legal pluralism (LP) in the modern Metropole has given way to new and novel understandings and practices of LP: the “right to the law” and the “cosmopolitization of the legal field.” Also, whether and how Muslim immigrants negotiate American and Islamic laws is deeply rooted in and critically engaged with the prevailing discussions of equality, pluralism, inclusion, and citizenship. The findings of the study demonstrate that the American Muslim community has developed multiple creative responses to the challenges of LP, and these responses are constantly evolving and readapting through redefinition of acceptable practices, reordering of authoritative voices within the community, creative legal interpretations, and hybridization of the coexisting laws. Thus, the idiosyncrasies of LP in the modern Metropole have created simultaneous drives for adjustment and preservation.

Home loans and Muslims – an Australian perspective

PurposeThis study aims to investigate how Australian Muslims make consumption-related decisions regarding the purchase of home loan products.Design/methodology/approachThis exploratory research used in-depth semistructured interviews with community leaders from leading Muslim ethnic communities. Seventeen community leaders from the six largest Muslim community groups by country of birth and living in Melbourne and Sydney were selected for the interviews. The interview data was analyzed using NVivo 12.FindingsThe findings suggest that despite knowledge of and concern for Islamic tenets regarding the consumption of banking and financial products, including home loans, most Muslims viewed conventional home loans (CHL) as being permitted, essential or innocuous. Reasons for such views include the interpretation of Islamic tenets, limited awareness of available Islamic home loan offerings, convenience factors related to accessing CHL offerings, service quality levels, availability of technology-based services such as internet banking, and the influence of social groups and communities.Research limitations/implicationsThis research helps marketers understand the attitudes, subjective norms (SN) and behavioral factors related to the Muslim consumption of home loans.Practical implicationsThe findings of this research can facilitate the development of financial products and marketing strategies that better appeal to Muslims. Such loan products can improve the uptake of home loans (and, in effect, homeowners) by Muslims, potentially improving social and financial inclusion.Social implicationsThis research helps marketers understand the attitudes, SNs and behavioral factors related to the Muslim consumption of home loans, which can facilitate the development of financial products and marketing strategies that better appeal to Muslims. Such loan products can improve the uptake of home loans (and, in effect, homeowners) by Muslims, potentially improving social and financial inclusion.Originality/valueThis qualitative study explores the drivers of Muslim consumers’ uptake of home loans in Australia. Drawing upon the theory of planned behavior and the literature, antecedents to attitude, SNs and perceived behavioral control that influence intention and behavior were investigated. It identifies factors influencing decision-making related to home loans by Australian Muslims, contributing to a theoretical framework to investigate Muslims’ consumption of financial products.

The use of real-time polymerase chain reaction for detection of raw rat meat (Rattus norvegicus) with species-specific primer for halal authentication

Rat meat (RM) can be obtained freely from farmers and can be used as a potential adulterant in meat-based food products. The presence of RM in any food products is prohibited by the Muslim community and is considered non-halal meat. Therefore, an analytical method capable of analysing RM specifically is very urgent. In this study, a real -time polymerase chain reaction using a species-specific primer targeting NADH dehydrogenase subunit 6 (ND6) is applied to analyze RM. DNA extraction was carried out using FavorPrepTM Tissue Genomic DNA Extraction Mini Kit, and the extracted DNA was subjected to purity index using NANO-Quant SPARK TECAN. The annealing temperature (Ta) used for PCR analysis was optimized to get the best Ta capable of providing the optimum amplification reaction. Furthermore, some performance characteristics were evaluated for Real-Time PCR, including sensitivity, efficiency and repeatability. The results exhibited that the designed primer is specific to rat DNA extracted toward other DNAs from meats typically used in food products. For quantitative evaluation, the limit of detection found was 0.39 ng with an efficiency of amplification (E) of 94.4% with a coefficient of determination (R2 ) of 0.986 for the relationship between log concentrations of DNA and cycle threshold (Ct) values. The repeatability assay was acceptable with an RSD value ≤ 25%. The developed method was reliable, provided high sensitivity for the analysis of RM. Therefore, this method is suitable to be used as a standard method for halal authentication analysis.