Muslim Majority Research Articles

Deradicalizing Digital Islamic Space Through The Ahl Al-Sunnah Wa al-Jama’ah (Aswaja) Thoughts: Indonesia and Malaysia Cases

The digitalization of Aswaja’s moderate understanding in the digital space is essential to counter religious extremist narratives. Focusing on the context of Indonesia and Malaysia, two countries where the majority of Muslims adhere to Aswaja teachings, this research aims to answer the question of how is Aswaja preserved in the digital space to deradicalize radical Islamic movements in Indonesia and Malaysia? This study employs a qualitative research method using the Religious Social Shaping of Technology (RSST) approach. Data were obtained through interviews, observation, and documentation. The research found that the practice of Aswaja in these two countries has transformed new media. The digitalization of Aswaja is based on its moderate principles. Aswaja’s moderate values have influenced the new religious environment as an antithesis to the more extreme and closed religious spaces controlled by extremist Puritan communities. In Malaysia, Aswaja’s digital narratives tend to be more controlled and less contested, whereas in Indonesia, Aswaja’s narratives tend to be less controlled and face more contestation. This study contributes to the development of a new religious space, where the more moderate the ideological basis of new religious media, the more moderate the appearance of the religious media.

Regulation of Multi-storey Residential Ownership by Foreign Nationals in Indonesia and Malaysia: A Legal Perspective and Islamic Principles

This study analyzes the regulation of multi-storey residential ownership by foreign nationals (WNA) in Indonesia and Malaysia from the perspective of Islamic law and principles. The issue requires clear and fair arrangements to protect national interests and local residents' rights. Both countries, with majority Muslim populations, integrate Islamic principles into public policy, including property. Using a comparative study and qualitative analysis, the research examines Indonesia's Government Regulation No. 103 of 2015 and Malaysia's "Malaysia My Second Home" (MM2H) program and strata title regulations. Findings reveal that both countries emphasize social justice and the protection of local citizens' rights in line with Islamic principles. The study concludes that regulations should be refined with Islamic principles to attract foreign investment and protect national interests, focusing on simplifying bureaucracy, increasing transparency, and reviewing property price policies.

Fiqh Aqalliyah as a Legal alternative to Halal Standardization in Japan as a non-Majority Muslim Country

The increasing number of Muslim populations in the world has led to the development of the halal industry in both Muslim-majority countries and Muslim-minority countries. Japan is one of the non- Muslim majority countries that is actively developing the halal industry to meet the needs of Muslims both domestically and for export purposes. This research discusses the problems faced by Japan in meeting the needs of halal products for Muslims in Japan. Japan is experiencing problems related to halal standardization because the halal standards applied in Japan are halal standards from several Muslim-majority countries such as Indonesia, Malaysia and the United Arab Emirates. This study uses qualitative research methods through observation, in-depth interviews and FGD to explore the problems encountered in determining halal standards in Japan. This study found that the implementation of halal standards of Muslim majority countries to Muslim minority countries raises complex problems. For this reason, fiqh aqalliyah, which takes into consideration the geographical, social and cultural conditions of the community, can be a legal alternative for determining product halalness or halal standard in Muslim minority countries. Keywords: Halal Standardisation, Japan, Muslim Minority Country, fiqh aqalliyat

Penolakan Hadis Ahad: Dari Mu'tazilah dan Jahmiyah hingga Tokoh Modern

This study examines the crucial role of Hadith Ahad in Islamic teachings, both in matters of faith (aqidah) and other aspects. If Hadith Ahad cannot be used as a proof (hujjah), many Islamic teachings understood and believed by the majority of Muslims would be displaced. This consequence highlights the importance of understanding and accepting the authority of Hadith Ahad in maintaining the continuity and integrity of Islamic teachings. Rejection of Hadith Ahad would have a broad impact on the understanding and beliefs of the Muslim community. The Mu’tazilah and Jahmiyah are groups that understand religious sources by prioritizing reason, which naturally leads to differences with other groups. This study covers the definition of Hadith Ahad and its authority, the Mu’tazilah and Jahmiyah sects' rejection of Hadith Ahad, and discusses the modern scholars' rejection of Hadith Ahad, especially in the establishment of faith (aqidah).

Targeting muslims beyond Europe: preventing violent extremism and radicalisation in Kosovo

Ervjola Selenica is post-doc fellow and adjunct professor in Terrorism and Counterterrorism at the University of Bologna and associate research fellow at the University of Sussex. Previously, she was post-doc fellow at Scuola Normale Superiore (Firenze). She holds a PhD in International Studies (University of Trento), an MSc. in International Development Studies (University of Amsterdam), a BA in International Relations and Political Science (University of Bologna), and a PGDip on Peace and Conflict (Peace Research Institute Oslo). Her research interests include education, international interventions, conflict, global changes. She has published at The Journal of Contemporary European Studies, Italian Political Science Review/Rivista Italiana di Scienze Politiche, Critical Studies on Terrorism, Globalisation, Societies and Education, and Journal of Southeast European and Black Sea Studies. The paper analyses national and international interventions on preventing and countering violent extremism (P/CVE) and radicalisation in Kosovo and their underpinning rationales. The analysis seeks to understand how a country with a Muslim majority is targeted by P/CVE and counter-radicalisation policies. Furthermore, it seeks to understand whether these policies are informed by an understanding of violent extremism and radicalisation as underpinned by Islamic extremism and, if so, how they tackle and interact with the question of Islam in Kosovo. The article has found that P/CVE and counter-radicalisation policies in Kosovo are mainly externally driven and funded, rest upon the same preventative, anticipatory logic that has characterised similar policies implemented in EU member states, are informed by an understanding of violent extremism and radicalisation as ideological processes fuelled by radical Islam, and encompasses an all-societal approach combining hard and soft measures of prevention as those found in other EU and non-EU contexts.

Revival of Islam Post-Soviet Period in Kyrgyzstan

The relationship between national and religious in state building, the concept of secularism and democracy in the conditions of the Muslim majority are analyzed. The growing influence of Islam on many areas of social and political relations was a completely natural consequence of the collapse of the USSR and the ideology of atheism. The democratic path of development of Kyrgyzstan, relative freedom of religion, and the opening of borders create conditions where Islam not only returns the role it lost in society over 70 years, but also embraces new spheres of influence in which its impact cannot be ignored. -

Dynamics of Indonesian Islamic Law: Its Role and Impact on the Political and Legal System in Indonesia

<p><span>Indonesia, as the country with the largest Muslim majority in the world, has a rich and diverse Islamic legal tradition that continues to evolve over time. This research analyzes the dynamics of the role of Islamic law in Indonesia and its impact on the country's political and legal system. This research uses a normative legal approach by examining in depth the relevant legal content, identifying patterns of change, challenges and opportunities in the implementation of Islamic law in the political and legal context in Indonesia. The research results show that the role of Islamic law in the political and legal system in Indonesia is truly significant. Islamic law not only provides a moral and ethical basis for the formation of inclusive and just political policies, but also aligns the national legal system with Islamic values held by the majority of society. In addition, Islamic law provides specific guidelines in regulating various aspects of daily life, strengthens the legitimacy of the political system, empowers Muslim communities in the political process, and provides alternative dispute resolution based on the principles of Islamic law. The impact is enormous, not only reflecting the diversity and plurality of Indonesian society, but also strengthening the legal foundations that are inclusive, just and harmonious in creating harmony between citizens.</span></p>

The phenomenon of religious conversion in Kazakhstan and its influence on personality formation

This study investigates the phenomenon of religious conversion among non-Muslim nationalities in Kazakhstan following the collapse of the Soviet government and the resurgence of interest in Islam. Through sociologically in-depth interviews, the research reveals that low religious awareness, marriage to a Muslim, social influence, and the presence of a local Muslim community are pivotal factors driving this conversion process. Moreover, the study highlights the broader societal context, including post-Soviet spiritual quests and the quest for meaning, as contributing to the growing interest in religion. As a result of religious conversion, individuals from various backgrounds experience a profound transformation of their personal identity, transitioning from a Christian to a Muslim identity. This transformation fosters closer relations with the Muslim majority in Kazakhstan, promoting social cohesion and unity in a society where Islam has a significant presence.

Rizaetdin Fakhretdin (1859–1936) as a Founder of Faizkhanov Studies

This article is timed to the 165th anniversary of the major Muslim theologian of Russia Rizaetdin Fakhretdin (1859–1936) and deals with the examination of his works on the life and activities of Husain Faizkhanov (1823–1866). The article shows that R. Fakhretdin was the author of the first works specially devoted to Kh. Faizkhanov and thus actually became the founder of Faizkhanov Studies. The article analyses the materials of R. Fakhretdinov’s materials published in the biographical work Asār (1908), the journal Shura (1916), and some unpublished works that appeared later are analysed. The article shows that R. Fakhretdin was purposefully engaged in the study of H. Faizkhanov’s activities and also purposefully collected the related materials. The range of sources he used is wide and varied. The main of them was the manuscript work of Shikhabetdin Marjani (1818– 1889) Vafiyyat al-’aslāf va takḥiyyat al-’akḫlāf, supplemented by documentary materials and oral testimonies obtained as a result of R. Fakhretdin’s own research. He details a number of information reported by Sh. Marjani. Some reports and comments of R. Fakhretdin were confirmed as a result of subsequent research.

Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery in the Wake of the Eid al-Adha: A Single-Center, Five-Year Investigation.

(1) Background: The Festival of Sacrifice, commonly known as Eid al-Adha, has a profound religious and cultural impact on nations with a Muslim majority. This festival is celebrated every year in Muslim countries; however, it is a time in which patients present to the emergency department with serious injuries. In our study, we examined current injuries occurring during Eid al-Adha in one of the largest hospitals in Türkiye, providing the largest patient population to date. This included mapping tendon and maxillofacial injuries, a first in the literature. To the best of our knowledge, this is the largest case series of injuries sustained during Eid al-Adha. The significance of this study lies in its potential to significantly benefit patients and healthcare systems by providing reference data. (2) Methods: Patients admitted to Ankara City Hospital during Eid al-Adha between 2019 and 2023 were examined. The demographic characteristics, injury patterns, and injury sites of patients admitted on the four days of Eid al-Adha were collected and analyzed. Maxillofacial traumas during the festival were analyzed. Tendon injuries on the left hand, which is the most commonly injured body part in the literature, were mapped into a figure. To compare the change in the number of patients, a comparison was made with the number of patients in our hospital for four consecutive days 2 weeks before Eid. Statistical analysis was performed using IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows. (3) Results: A total of 610 patients, including 101 female and 509 male patients, were included in this study. A statistically significant increase (p < 0.001 for all years) in hospital admission due to injury was observed. Individuals between the ages of 30 and 40 years were the most frequently admitted patients (n = 182, 29.8%). Knife injuries were significantly more common in all patients (p < 0.001). When the total number of patients was evaluated in terms of injured areas where patients present to the emergency department, left-hand injuries were found to be significantly more common than injuries in other areas (p < 0.001 for all). The extensor pollicus longus tendon was the most commonly injured tendon among all extensor and flexor tendon injuries (n = 104). The most commonly injured tendon was the flexor tendon in zone 2 of the first finger (n = 45). This study showed that injuries to the extensor tendon in zone 1 of the fifth finger, the flexor tendon in zone 4 of the first finger, and the flexor tendon in zone 1 of the fifth finger were never seen. Twenty-five patients with maxillofacial injuries were admitted to the hospital. Orbital floor fractures were the most common type of maxillofacial injury. The anesthesia technique we preferred for all patients was local anesthesia (n = 267). Wide-awake local anesthesia no tourniquet (WALANT) was the second most preferred anesthetic technique. The number of patients who were selected in a random 4-day period for each year were compared with the number of patients who came during Eid al-Adha. The Mann-Whitney U tests revealed a significant increase in injuries on the first day of Eid al-Adha compared to non-festival days (p < 0.001). However, no significant differences were observed on the subsequent days or in the overall injury counts during the festival period (p = 0.841 for day 2, p = 0.151 for day 3, p = 0.310 for day 4). (4) Conclusions: According to this study, which is the largest known case series in the literature, the number of patients admitted to the hospital increased annually. In our study, we observed a significant increase in injuries only on the first day of Eid al-Adha compared to a randomly selected 4-day period of the same year. Left-hand extensor tendon injuries from a knife were the most common injuries in middle-aged men. The extensor pollicis longus tendon was the most commonly injured extensor tendon, with zones 3 and 4 being the most commonly affected. The flexor pollicis longus tendon was the most commonly injured flexor tendon in zone 2. During this period, patients may not only need hand surgery but also maxillofacial plastic surgery. We recommend, in addition to the indications I,n the literature that during Eid al-Adha, the WALANT technique should be widely adopted in patients where local anesthesia will be insufficient. We also recommend utilizing a diagram to manage the patient load during Eid al-Adha and prevent overburdening the healthcare system.

Islamic Banking Performance in Majority and Minority Muslim Region

Islamic Banking attracted many consumers in many Muslim majority countries. The rules and obligation to follow the Islamic law is one of key factors that make this banking is popular in Muslim community. There is also interesting fact that many Non-Muslim also become customers of this Islamic Bank. They found the business operation of Islamic Bank is interesting, with no interest and transparency. This study examines the collaboration and internal resources on Islamic Banking Performance with Majority and Minority Muslim Community region as moderator. Another objective of this study is to analyze the collaboration strategy as a mediator in the relationship between Innovation and Business Performance. This research used a quantitative method with structural equation modelling analysis. Data was collected from 300 Sharia bank executives throughout Indonesia. Data was processed using SmartPLS version 4.1.0 to analyze the hypotheses for this study. The results showed that Majority and Minority Region has no moderation impact to Collaboration on Business Performance (β = .03, p = .04), The Majority and Minority Region also has no moderation effect to Internal Resources on Business Performance (β =- .01, p = .75), Internal Resources impact to Business Performance (β =- .35, p = .00). Furthermore, Collaboration Strategy mediated the relationship between Internal Resources and Business Performance (β =- .16, p = .00). This research finds that Majority and Minority Region has significant direct effect on Business Performance

Public Health Policy, Non-Communicable Diseases (NCDs) and Food or Substance Control: A Halalan- Tayyiban Perspective

Non-Communicable Diseases (NCDs) such as diabetes, cancer, and heart disease are among the top public health threats facing the world today. Meanwhile, alarming rate of NCDs, other health and mental problems strongly linked to sugar and tobacco consumptions in Muslim majority countries is on high record. This paper considers this NCDs prevalence in these countries as ironical in view of wholesome, ethical and healthy Halalan-Tayyiban dietary life styles stipulated for Muslims. Hence, it becomes crucial to: review the existing Public Health Policies (PHP) targeted at control of NCDs; further explore the links between food or substance consumption and NCDs; and offer Halalan-Tayyiban perspectives. This paper aims to highlight the existing public health approaches and policies aimed at controlling NCDs and their risk factors; identify the gaps and concerns in these policies; highlight and draw more attentions to alarming rate of NCDs and related public health threats especially in Muslim countries; and offer Halalan-Tayyiban perspectives after a critical review of the concept. As an integrated literature review study, the paper explores relevant literatures and studies on different aspects of the subject. In order to be moderately restrictive, papers and studies written or published between 2010 and 2023 were selected. Relevant keywords were searched in notable online databases like Scopus, Web of Science, Google Scholars, Academia.edu etc. Some gaps have been identified in the existing PHP targeted at control of NCDs and its risks factors. These gaps include needs for public health policies to be more comprehensive and culturally relevant, faith-based, populations tailored, and integrated with Social Determinant of Health (SDH) amongst others. Also, to control the alarming rates of NCDs and related risk factors which are ironically identified in Muslim majority countries: this paper explore the two inextricably linked concepts of Halal and Tayyib; and established that their convergences can inform an effective Halalan-Tayyiban based PHP approach. Hence, a Halalan-Tayyiban perspective, approach and recommendations are offered for various stakeholders in public health policies especially in Muslim majority countries.

Integrity and Legitimacy of Halal Products: The Urgency of Halal Supply Chain Management Technology Adoption in Halal Product Authentication Traceability Evidence from Indonesia

"Research Aims: This research aims to determine how technology, integrity, and the environment affect traceability of halal product certification and its relationship with Halal Value Chain (HVSC) Management in micro, small and medium processing industries. Design/Methodology/Approach: The quantitative research utilised survey data from 285 respondents who are processing industry players throughout Indonesia. Structural Equation Modelling-Partial Least Square (SEM-PLS) is applied for data analysis. Research Findings: The study's findings indicate that technology adoption and environmental factors have a significant effect on HVSC traceability. The authentication and legitimacy of halal products are positively impacted by technology adoption, among others, which contributes to the overall product integrity. The research findings also indicate government support as an important factor. Theoretical Contribution/Originality: This research is one of the first studies related to supply chain legitimacy and authentication in the context of micro, small, and medium businesses in Indonesia, a country with a Muslim majority and many micro-businesses where these businesses have direct contact with “from farm to fork or table” end customers. Managerial Implication in the South East Asian Context: This research offers valuable contribution for managers and policymakers in South East Asia in formulating authentic halal product policies in terms of HVSC. Research Limitations &amp; Implications: This research can benefit from a larger sample size, preferably from larger companies, for generalisation. Moreover, expanding the research across borders and employing a mixed-method approach could offer further insights to overcome supply chain challenges in the future."

Fatwa Institutions in Handling Religious Blasphemy Crimes in Indonesia and Malaysia

The position of fatwa institutions in cases of blasphemy by cult groups is often seen as representing only the majority Muslims and blaming minority Muslims, as in Indonesia, or seen as a tool to suppress anti-government groups, as in Malaysia. This study aims to explain the position of the Indonesian Ulema Council (MUI) and Jawatankuasa Fatwa in handling heresy, including the reasons behind the differences in the positions and roles of the two institutions. Researchers use qualitative methods with a comparative legal approach. This study found that MUI's heretical fatwas had no legal force, the central MUI has the authority to enact heretical fatwas within MUI institutions, but not absolutely to respond to national laws, and not play a role in the criminal justice system. Meanwhile, Jawatankuasa Fatwa Kebangsaan (JFK) has the force of law with certain conditions, however, the federal state Jawatankuasa Fatwa has the authority to determine heretical fatwas to respond and strengthen state regulations (blasphemy laws). This research can be used as a reference for law enforcement in handling blasphemy cases by considering the views of MUI and Jawatankuasa Fatwa, which are regulated adequately by laws and regulations.

Public Understanding of the Implementation of Islamic Law in the Context of Modern Life in Indonesia

This qualitative research explores people's understanding of the application of Islamic law in the context of modern life in Indonesia. As the country with the largest Muslim majority population in the world, Indonesia is a unique case study to see the intersection between Islamic law and the dynamics of contemporary society. Through in-depth interviews and thematic analysis, this study explores the diverse perspectives, beliefs and experiences of Indonesian individuals regarding Sharia principles and their relevance in today's society. The findings highlight the complexities of reconciling religious norms, cultural traditions, and modern realities in Indonesian society, and provide insights for policymakers, scholars, and civil society actors seeking to promote social cohesion, religious tolerance, and legal reform.

Adoption patterns of profit-sharing based deposits: empirical evidence from a Muslim majority country

Purpose This paper aims to examine the antecedents of adoption intention of profit-sharing investment deposits (PSID) among Moroccan customers. Design/methodology/approach Applying an extended version of diffusion of innovation (DOI) theory and using a non-probability sampling technique with convenience approach, a quantitative survey was developed and administered to 171 Islamic banking users. Structural equation modeling was then used to evaluate the significance of relationships between the various variables under study using SPSS 21.0 and AMOS 26.0 statistical packages. Findings Empirical findings of the structural analysis indicated a significant direct relationship between adoption intention and six out of seven variables: perceived relative advantage, perceived compatibility, perceived complexity, perceived risk, religiosity and social influence, all of which had a significant effect on Moroccan customers’ intention to invest their funds in profit-sharing based deposit instruments, whereas customer awareness exerted an insignificant positive effect. Research limitations/implications The absence of a longitudinal study tracking the actual adoption behavior is the main limitation of this study. Furthermore, data were collected solely from Islamic banking users. Finally, despite being insightful, the empirical findings should be generalized with caution since the sample was purposely selected by the banks’ management. Practical implications This study implied that participatory banks should pay substantial attention to risk perceptions, as PSID adoption intention is typically inhibited by high perceived risks associated with these products. Moreover, this study provides great indications to Moroccan regulators and policymakers on a number of issues related to this emerging business. Originality/value To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this paper represents the first attempt to confirm the effectiveness of the Rogers’ DOI in examining the intention to adopt a financial innovation in the Moroccan context. It is also the first of its kind to address customers’ apprehensions regarding profit-sharing investment products.

The Influence of Halal Certification and Halal Awareness on Purchasing Decisions

Economic developments have required the food and beverage industry to further develop by bringing out the latest product innovations. This challenge also answers questions from consumers regarding food not just as a basic necessity but as a complement to human lifestyle. As a country with a Muslim majority, the state is an important part of being a facilitator to guarantee the halalness of products in circulation. The method in this research uses quantitative descriptive analysis methods. With the consumer population in Blitar district. This study was conducted using a "non-probability sampling" method, with a sampling technique known as "purposive sampling". The results in this research state that halal certification and halal awareness have a positive and significant influence on purchasing decisions.

Transformation of Islamic Law into Positive Law within Pornography Legislation

As the country with the largest Muslim majority in the world, it is only natural to frame Islamic law as the legal framework for pornography legislation. The reality is that Indonesia is a unitary state, so the establishment of an Islamic state is not feasible. This article falls underthe category of literature research with a qualitative approach. The methodology used is normative legal studies with a content analysis approach. The research concludes that the transformation of Islamic legal values can be manifested in positive law by implementing Islamic law in Indonesia without establishing an Islamic state. The transformation of Islamic law into positive law in national politics regarding the Pornography Law has had a significant impact on the process of accommodating Islamic law within Indonesia's legal system. The pattern of transformation in Islamic law is substantive (essential). Although not exactly the same as what exists in the concept of Islamic law, the substance or essence is in line with Islam or not contradictory to Islamic teachings, as seen in Law No. 44 of 2008 concerning pornography.

Analisis Faktor-Faktor Minat Mahasiswa dalam Menggunakan Produk Bank Syariah: Studi Kasus: Mahasiswa Universitas Teknologi Digital

Banking in Indonesia is still the main means for people to carry out economic activities and other activities related to finance. Islamic banks provide services based on the concept of very modern and advanced financial transactions and the concept of justice. Currently, students are one of the people who are familiar with banking products and almost all of them use banking products. Students at the Digital Technology University are the majority Muslim, but most of the products used by Digital Technology University students are Conventional bank products. The research method used in this research is a qualitative method. The data collection technique in this study was to interview 15 respondents, namely Digital Technology University students. The results of this study were 10 out of 15 respondents used Conventional Banks because their interest was influenced by locations closer to Conventional Banks than Islamic Banks, lack of understanding of Islamic finance and the surrounding environment that mostly used Conventional Banks.

Why Not Indonesia an Islamic State? Constitutional Debate Concerning Religion-State Relation in A Muslim Majority Country

When Muslims are majority in a particular country, it is often linked to the adoption of Islam as the state official religion or Islam as the identity of the state i.e. “Islamic State.” Yet, this is not the case of Indonesia. Why did not the Indonesian constitutional drafters declare Indonesia as an Islamic state or at least recognize Islam as the state official religion in the first Constitution despite the fact that Indonesia is a Muslim majority country? What explains the above fact? This paper aims to answer these two important questions by employing two constitutional law approaches: constitutional history and constitutional deferral. Constitutional history aims to understand the original intentions of the framers of the first Constitution through studying the minutes of the 1st Constitution. Constitutional deferral concept is used to explain the formulation of state-religion relation in the provisions of the first Constitution. This paper argues the fact that the constitutional drafters did not expressly state Islam as the state official religion in the Constitution did not mean that they overlooked to discuss such an important topic, rather because they had diverse views on how to include religion-state relation in the constitution. The sharp ideological difference among constitutional drafters is likely the cause of the adoption of constitutional deferral -a method of drafting constitutional through somewhat general and abstract provisions. The use of constitutional deferral is favorable because it opens more opportunity among constitutional drafters to achieve consensus and get things done. In practice, Indonesia is not a country officially based on Islam, but substantially Islamic values live in Indonesia. This article contributes to the study of the relationship between state and religion in Indonesia, regarding the current and future background and dialectics.