Islam In Indonesia Research Articles

Islam and Socialism in Indonesia: The Influence of HOS Tjokroaminoto's Thoughts on Agus Salim

<p>This paper examines the intersection of Islam and socialism in Indonesia, focusing on the intellectual lineage from HOS Tjokroaminoto to Agus Salim. Both figures played pivotal roles in shaping Indonesia's political landscape during the early 20<sup>th</sup> century. Tjokroaminoto, a prominent Islamic scholar and nationalist leader, was instrumental in synthesizing Islamic principles with socialist ideals. His efforts sought to address socio-economic disparities and advocate for the rights of the common people. Agus Salim, a prominent diplomat and intellectual contemporary of Tjokroaminoto, was deeply influenced by the latter's thoughts on the harmonious integration of Islam and socialism. The type of research used is literature research, with data sources from the study of books related to Islamic socialism by Tjokroaminoto and Agus Salim. The research results show that there are three types of Tjokro's thoughts towards Agus Salim that are used as the outline of the Sarekat Islam movement: the first is the freedom of the people, the second is equality, and the third is love for the homeland and anti-capitalism. Leadership is an interpretation of its people, according to the leadership philosophy taught by Agus Salim to his political disciple Kasman Singodimedjo. Therefore, leaders must prioritize the people's interests above all else, or "leadership is suffering”.</p>

Navigating Religious Hegemony and Human Rights Based on KUHP: Al-Zaytun's Controversial Case

The Al-Zaytun issue has ignited a heated debate in Indonesia about religious pluralism, religious freedom, and human rights. This quandary, reminiscent of the Indonesian Ahmadiyya Muslim Congregation's situation classified as "heretical," demonstrates the historical tendency to pigeonhole alternative ideas. This highlights the hidden presence of takfiri ideology, a potentially divisive force despite its relative obscurity. In this context, this article examines the contentious Al-Zaytun case, in which the rejection of non-traditional Islamic teachings prompts a broader examination of the conflict between entrenched traditional practices, which represent the majority of Indonesian Muslims, and fundamental human rights principles, particularly religious freedom. Using an analytical method, it dissects media portrayals and examines the legal framework established by KUHP 2023, addressing religious violations and belief-based areas. The essay explores the case's potential under the prior KUHP 2021 through comparative research, revealing the various issues of interpreting and applying legislation in cases of blasphemy and religious disagreements. The study says that varied Sharia interpretations within Islam should not be used to justify restricting religious freedoms, mirroring Boaventura's interpretation of Talal Asad's discoveries, which confirm Islam's diversity of religious experiences and adaptive Sharia interpretations. Indonesia faces the challenge of cultivating a nuanced perspective that preserves individual liberty and communal harmony while balancing the intricate interaction of religious dynamics, legal systems, and human rights.

The Ambivalence of Contemporary Islamic Philosophy Studies

<p>Islamic philosophy is a critical study to answer the challenges of contemporary life. However, Islamic philosophy currently needs to improve its existence. Direction in the study of Islamic philosophy is essential, both in terms of methods and sources, so that the study of Islamic philosophy is not only in the world of new ideas but rather in existing realities. This article examines the challenges and innovations towards the ambivalence of Islamic philosophy in the contemporary era carried out by contemporary Indonesian Muslim philosophers. This article uses the library study method, which is a research approach carried out by collecting and analyzing information from written sources such as books, journals, articles, and documents related to the topic being discussed. This article finds that the importance of renewal in Islamic philosophical literacy is really needed as a guide for people who want to enter the world of Islamic philosophy with the study of living philosophy, as well as the digitalization of Islamic philosophy as a reflection that Islamic philosophy is fun.<strong></strong></p>

In the Name Religion and Defending Women; Experiences of Three Pesantren Women in Indonesia Local Elections

The leadership of Indonesian Muslim women experienced a development, marked by the ever extensive political roles. Some previous researches state that the factor of familial closeness (political dynasty), gender, collusion, sexiness and piety marketing stimulate women’s election in political contestations. But these reasons are not enough to explain the reason for women’s roles in the public, especially women of pesantren (Islamic boarding schools). We suggest that women’s courage in the struggle for the political position is due to their desires to strive for women's rights that are ignored and not comprehensively understood by male leaders. The existence of the thought that women can (only) ‘understand women’ becomes the reason why regional leaderships are also seized by women. The article also shows the ability to integrate spirituality towards public roles by utilizing their social capitals. This paper also counters some arguments that women always lose in public sectors in political sector fights as they are under the shadow of their husbands or men.

Concept Of Virginity From the Perspective of Islam And Muslim Women

This research delves into the intricate interplay between societal norms and the honor attributed to women, specifically addressing the pervasive myths surrounding the virginity of Muslim women in Indonesia. Rooted in the negative impacts experienced by women due to their virginity status, this inquiry seeks to unravel the perspectives of 17 Muslim women on the significance of virginity within the context of Islamic teachings. Employing qualitative research methods, including in-depth interviews, the study illuminates nuanced dimensions, shedding light on how these women navigate the complexities surrounding their virginity. The findings underscore three pivotal conclusions: Indonesian Muslim women emphasize the importance of virginity and the need to protect it. Importantly, they highlight that virginity is not solely judged based on the hymen. Moreover, their stories reveal that Islam honors women who maintain their virginity. These conclusions contribute significantly to a more comprehensive understanding of the societal implications and individual experiences associated with the concept of virginity among Muslim women in Indonesia. The study's outcomes hold the potential to inform broader discussions on cultural perceptions and foster awareness, promoting respectful discourse surrounding the role of virginity within the social fabric.

Awrah and Women's Clothing: Reinterpretation of Islamic Texts in Indonesian Contexts

The concept of Awrah among Indonesian Muslims undergoes a process of contextualization and adaptation to local culture. This article focuses on the understanding of the ulemas about Awrah based on the interpretation of Al-Quran and Hadith texts which have implications for the practice of women's clothing. By using a qualitative approach, data obtained from online media and interviews. This article shows that the models, forms and trends of women's clothing influenced by multiple interpretations of Islamic texts, which are not only influenced by religious understanding, modernity, local traditions but also the context of the relationship between Islam and the state. There has been a shift in the reasons women cover their private parts from piety and obedience in religion; security, comfort and tranquility; then a lifestyle. External factors that influence women to cover their awrah are due to the family and friends, as well as maintaining local traditions. Interestingly, women who choose not to cover their awrah have the support of religious prominent, with argumentation personally and religiously. There are attempts to reinterpret the spirit of Awrah which does not only focus on women's clothing, but includes issues of ethics, morals, decency and protection of women.

Concentration Level and Market Power of Islamic Bank Industry: Analysis of Pre and Post Bank Syariah Indonesia Merger

This paper attempted to examine the concentration and the degree of market power in the Indonesian Islamic Bank Industry during the pre and post-Bank Syariah Indonesia mega-merger. However, using the Strategic Tripod concept, this paper explored the response of the competitor pursuant to the merger. This paper used two main secondary data sources, which were 2 quarterly financial reports before the merger and 1 quarterly financial report after the merger of 34 Islamic bank data, and applied the Herfindhal-Hircsmann Index and Concentration Ratio of the top 5 Islamic banks. This paper discovered that the concentration ratio was at a moderate level. Moreover, based on the CR5 calculation result, Islamic banks have an oligopoly market structure. As for the response to the mega-merger, this paper divides 34 islamic banks into 3 clusters which are full-fledged Islamic banks (Bank Umum Syariah), Private Owned Islamic Subsidiary (Unit Usaha Syariah), Province Owned Islamic Subsidiary (Unit Usaha Syariah Bank BPD). Based on the strategic tripod, the strategy of the Islamic full-fledged bank orchestrates resources to win the competition. The privately owned Islamic Subsidiaries are taking advantage of their resource sharing with their parents. Meanwhile, the Province Islamic subsidiary's strategy relies on the regulations determined by the bank shareholders, who, in this case, are the government province.

Analisis Potensi Penggunaan Moda Transportasi Tidak Bermotor Pada Mahasiswa di Kampus Terpadu Universitas Islam Indonesia

The large number of students is directly proportional to the increase in private vehicles on campus, resulting in traffic congestion. Efforts should be made to encourage motorized vehicle users to switch to sustainable modes of transportation. This study aims to determine student dependence on motorized vehicles to go to campus and identify factors associated with using sustainable modes of transportation at the Universitas Islam Indonesia (UII). The data sample consisted of 614 respondents, collected through online simple random sampling. The collected data were then analyzed using the Chi-Square test. The survey data reveals a significant reliance on motorized vehicles to get to campus, with 67% of trips within a 2-kilometer radius made by motor vehicles. Based on the Chi-Square test results, factors such as motor vehicle ownership, driving license ownership, travel distance, and the primary mode of transportation are strongly associatedwith the willingness to walk or cycle. This condition indicates that practicality or habitual aspects have a stronger relationship with students' willingness to use sustainable transportation than demographic or socioeconomic factors. Thus, efforts are needed to increase the practicality of using sustainable transportation to optimize sustainable campus development.

Historical Phase of the Development of Indonesia Islamic Education

This article aims to describe the history of the development of Islamic education in Indonesia, both during the colonial period, Dutch colonialism, and up to the Japanese colonial period. The method used in this paper uses literature study, by collecting material from various references, including journal articles, books, and other historical records that are closely related to Islamic education in Indonesia. The results of the discussion in this article are that the historical development of Islamic education in Indonesia has faced quite a long dynamic with various problems and challenges faced by national figures, to create sovereign Indonesian education in the midst of changes over time, both during the kingdom, Dutch colonialism, and Japanese colonialism.

Kedatangan Islam di Indonesia

Regarding the arrival of Islam in Indonesia, different perspectives emerge, influenced by the complexity of the phenomenon that Islam does not have a single origin in one place or a specific group. This diversity of theories is shaped by differences in historians' evidence, interests, religious subjectivities, and ideologies. Although the early arrival of Islam was concluded in 1963, research on the process of the arrival and development of Islam in Indonesia continues to develop, providing opportunities to refine or strengthen existing theories. Ulama (Islamic scholars) play a central role in the early arrival and development of Islam in Indonesia. Arab merchants, who were also Islamic scholars, formed the first group to propagate and develop Islam, followed by professional Sufi dais (religious leaders). The Sufi ulama figures are closely related to two main figures: the 4,444 traders who spread Islam through trade, the economic center of society, and the sultans, who spread Islam through authority. These features of the spread of Islam effectively contributed to the growth of Islam.The ulama developed Islam through three main channels: culture (preaching, educatin, art, culture, marriage), struture (politics and power), and economics (through trade routes). In other words, the Islaization process in Indonesia is influenced by political power and the spirit of da'wah. In this context, keywords such as the entry of Islam in Indonesia, the development of Islam in Indonesia, the role of ulama and Sufis, and da'wah are central points for understanding these power relations.

Between Taboo and Virtue: Islamohumorism in the Reconstruction of Muslim Identity and Piety through Social Media

The discourse on the intersection between Islam and humor has evolved especially since 9/11, but is still considered a peripheral matter in Muslim societies. But comedians can be classified as organic intellectuals—as Gramsci contended—who take a particular role in social change. Rather than viewing humor as a counternarrative toward Islamophobia in Muslim minority countries, as many Western scholars have discussed, ‘Islamohumorism’ in Indonesia somehow shows a different type of polarization, with some Muslims considering humor as a taboo making fun of with religion, while others regard it simply as a means to relax and even evoke piety. This paper aims to showcase the conflicting responses toward Islamohumorism in Indonesia and the impact of these responses. Furthermore, this paper also attempts to examine how comedy frames Muslim identity and stimulates public piety. I focus on discussing three forms of comedy, namely stand-up comedy, exemplified by Dzawin Nur in his YouTube segment “Kuliah Antum”, crosshijaber parody conducted by @holaofadlan on Instagram, and memification in the @haram_house account on Instagram. This research utilizes qualitative methods based on observation and semi-in-depth interviews. By utilizing the uses and gratifications theory of Katz and Blumler (1974) as a framework, this paper portrays the impact of Islamohumorism on Indonesian Muslims through social media. I argue that humor is not inherently taboo and does not contradict Islamic principles. Instead, it serves as a quintessential narrative that critiques societal shortcomings and inequalities. Moreover, it has the potential to foster a sense of community, amplify Muslim identity, and even endorse piety. Nonetheless, it is essential to acknowledge that Islamohumorism can also contribute to the fragmentation of religious authority.

Distributing Philanthropic Funds to Indonesian Muslims amid the Pandemic through a Maṣlaḥah view: Weaving Social Safety Nets or Fortifying the Healthcare System?

The COVID-19 pandemic has exerted profound effects on the socio-economic landscape of the Indonesian populace, giving rise to vulnerable social segments. Throughout this period, BAZNAS, LAZISNU, and LAZISMU have overseen and allocated philanthropic resources from the Indonesian Muslim community for the mitigation of COVID-19-related challenges. The objective of this study is to address the inquiry regarding the allocation of funds for managing COVID-19 through a maṣlaḥah perspective, utilizing data sourced from documents of the three Amil institutions and insights gathered from interviews. The investigation reveals a congruence between BAZNAS and LAZISNU in their fund distribution practices, both demonstrating a concerted endeavor to leverage Islamic philanthropy for the establishment of social networks. Conversely, LAZISMU places greater emphasis on establishing a social health system amidst the pandemic, as evidenced by health programs being accorded second priority after social humanitarian initiatives. Nevertheless, a comprehensive conclusion may be drawn that all three institutions prioritize health and humanitarian concerns as focal points in the distribution of zakat, infaq, and alms within the context of the pandemic. From the standpoint of the maṣlaḥah theory, the prioritization rationale indicates that the allocation of Zakat, Infaq, and Alms funds is predominantly rooted in maṣlaḥah 'urfiyyah (or maṣlaḥah mulghah ghair mu'tabarah) rather than maṣlaḥah syar'iyyah.

The Expressions of Indonesian Muslims in Performing the ʿUmrah Pilgrimage to Mecca

Minor Islamic pilgrimages (ʿumrah) are increasingly being studied as part of commodified pilgrimages in the age of trade and tourism. This relatively modern construction has restricted researchers’ understandings of practices like pilgrimages to the graves of saints. This article compares two imagined Indonesian Muslim religio-cultural communities performing ʿumrah, utilizing a hybrid ethnography method to obtain data. The paper is structured in two sections. Firstly, it discusses how traditionalist Muslims understand ʿumrah as a means of maintaining the authority of the teachings of Sufi ʿulamāʾ. This group adopts the ethical principles of Sufi practices, which involve three key elements: reverence for Sufi ʿulamāʾ, observance of sacred times, and the recitation of prayers to obtain intercession (shafāʿah) and blessings in life (barākah). The second section explores how another group, guided by Muslim ethics, aligns ʿumrah journeys with the principles of capitalism within Islam. Using global and cosmopolitan Muslim perspectives, these spiritual reformers and coaches approach ʿumrah by creating practices suitable for the aspirations of the middle-class Muslims. They tailor the practice of ʿumrah, based on Islamic practices, to account for the ethical principles of self-managing individuals. This comparative presentation demonstrates diverse Muslim experiences, refraining from a homogenous expression of the ʿumrah. Ultimately, this paper advocates for more comprehensive studies of the ʿumrah pilgrimage in Indonesia, including ones that focus on nuanced expressions of pilgrims and diverse roles played by Islamic religious authorities, moving beyond simplified commercial interpretations.

The Essence of Intentions in Constructing Agency in the Indonesian Muslim Intellectual Community

Background The Institute for the Study of Islamic Thought and Civilization (INSISTS) is an Indonesian Muslim intellectual organization with agents envisioning the future through writing. From 2003 to 2023, INSISTS agents conducted various activities such as studies, lectures, and writing about various topics continually associated with the Islamic worldview. Despite the fact that each agent’s capacity is different, they act under a shared vision, specifically spreading Islamic ideas and forming Islamic civilization. Each agent has the intention to change the world around him through writing. Objective This paper seeks to examine the intention to imagine whether the future is the main component that forms its agency or it is a component that complements other agency’s components, such as cultural construction and power relations. Methodology This paper is an ethnographic study of the Jakarta INSISTS community, including participants’ observation, in-depth interviews, and researchers’ involvement in joined discussions. As a qualitative research method, this paper also uses a literature study on books written by INSISTS agents. Conclusion This paper shows the capacity of intention to envision that the future is important and has a significant impact on the behavior of everyday agents in spreading Islamic thought. The intention is formed from religious memory, cultural memory, causality, cause and the effect affecting the agent and the agent’s focus on intellectual work such as writing books and organizing in the spirit of ukhuwah Islamiyah or Islamic brotherhood. They also shape this intentional ability with innovation to produce new knowledge through exploratory studies. The writings of INSISTS agents are motivated to carry out synergy between agents in the form of spreading Islamic thought as the basic foundation of the formation of Islamic civilization. Writing books is an example of how agents synergize for the INSISTS community

Collaborative-Based Tashrif Lughowy in Qiroatul Kutub Learning Using the Reverso

The large number of grammatical explanations in learning Qiroatul Kutub made students increasingly slow in understanding Arabic texts, especially in Tashrif Lughowy, which demanded many changes. In order to speed up students' understanding in short meetings, this research was important to carry out. This study aimed to develop Tashrif Lughowy learning in the project-based learning Qiroatul Kutub course using the Reverso web application and tested its feasibility. It was designed with research and development research with the ADDIE approach. Expert and product tests were conducted to assess the feasibility of the product being developed. Respondents in the product test were 36 Islamic studies students at the Indonesian Islamic University. This research was developed with an emphasis on collaborative learning. Lessons were designed with projects in the analysis of the Arabic text provided. The results of the study indicated that this product development was very feasible to use, with an expert test score of 82.6% and a product test score of 89.4%. An increase in ability was also obtained by 24.3%. Collaborative learning in Tashrif Lughowy was very helpful in accelerating student understanding and maximizing lecturers in providing feedback, accelerating student understanding in a short time. In its application, lecturers checked student project work intensively every week to get maximum feedback. Digitalization of education could accelerate the transformation of quality education, so the results of this research really needed to be applied in teaching Tashrif Lughowy in learning Qiroatul Polar with very short meetings.

Lecturers’ Individual Factors of Knowledge-Sharing Behavior: A Study in Islamic Higher Education Institutions in Indonesia

This study aims to analyze lecturers' knowledge-sharing behavior at Indonesian Islamic universities. Knowledge-sharing behavior is reviewed based on individual attitude factors and individual expectations, which are developed into six question items that have been qualitatively validated by experts. This research was conducted on lecturers at Islamic-based tertiary institutions in Indonesia. Data were collected using survey techniques with the help of Google Forms. The data were analyzed using the frequency and percentage tabulation approaches. The results of the data analysis show that lecturers have an individual attitude factor of 86.1% and a personal expectation factor of 78.2%. As an implication, knowledge-sharing behavior can be increased through individual attitude factors such as awareness of increasing and developing knowledge and as a contribution to the institution.

The Philosophical Sufism of Harun Nasution: A Phenomenological-Historical Investigation of The Influence of Neo-Mu’tazilism

Sufism is the mystical form of Islam that emphasises spirituality which is commonly seen as irrational. Conversely, rationalism (mu’tazilism) stresses the rational dimension of Islam. Is philosophical or rational sufism then an oxymoron? Surprisingly, Harun Nasution manages to reconcile the two seemingly opposite dimensions in Indonesian Muslims’ way of thinking and weltanschauung. Genealogically, his thought emerged in four stages: firstly, his religious upbringing during childhood; secondly, the impact of Muhammad Abduh's rationalism on his progressive thought which challenged the Ash’arite school of theology in Indonesia; thirdly, his sufistic spiritual practices (riyāḍah) as he engaged in dhikr (remembrance of Allah) and embraced a simple lifestyle; and finally, the influence of his much-criticised rational approach similar to the Mu’tazilites on Indonesian Islamic thought. This study uses the historical-phenomenological theory to investigate the influence of neo-Mu’tazilism on Nasution’s thought and its impact on the struggle for Islamic reformation.

Wife Cannot Nullify Husband’s Responsibility to Provide Nafkah

In the Quran, it explains that the husband has an obligation to provide Nafkah for his wife. However, in the Indonesian Islamic Law Compilation, Article 80 Paragraph 6, it is explained that a wife can nullify her husband’s obligation to provide Nafkah. That Article is used as a legal basis for husbands to instruct their wives to be the main backbone of family. This is a problem that burdens the wife. The aim of this writing is to criticize Article 80, Paragraph 6, of the Indonesian Islamic Law Compilation. So that husbands will not let go of their responsibilities. The writing method used is a literature review method. The author tries to find the legal basis for Article 80, Paragraph 6 of the Indonesian Islamic Law Compilation. The Article will be analyzed in the context of a fiqh perspective. The results of the writing can be summarized as follows: this Article has no legal basis. In fiqh, Nafkah that cannot be paid will become a debt that eventually needs to be paid later. And the wife can nullify her husband’s obligation to pay that debt. But not for the Nafkah that has not been paid yet.

Reaching Users Through Social Media: A Case Study on the Use of Instagram by Islamic Higher Education Libraries in Indonesia

Objective. This research aims to identify the use of social media by Indonesian Islamic Higher Education Libraries to communicate with their users through their regular postings on Instagram and the users’ responses to them. Methods. This research applies quantitative methods to uncover data concerning the number of Instagram posts made by State Islamic University (UIN) libraries and the users’ responses (i.e. like, comment, share, and save), and then analyzes them using a qualitative approach to identify the users’ responses. Results. UIN libraries reach users by posting information related to libraries on Instagram that can be classified into eight types of posts; greetings, announcements, library promotions, book donations, quotes, and others. The number of responses to these types of posts varies from each library but posting information related to library services will invite most responses from library users. The library of UIN Sunan Kalijaga Yogyakarta is the most active library in posting information on Instagram. Conclusion. Instagram is a good medium to reach library users in UIN libraries. However, the availability of policies regarding the use of Instagram in the library is needed since it influences the number of posts on Instagram. Timing (i.e. when is the best time to make an Instagram post?) is also important since it makes a post get more responses.

Konsep Pendidikan Multikultural Penanggulangan Terorisme Dalam Buku Pendidikan Agama Islam Dan Budi Pekerti Kurikulum Merdeka Pada Jenjang SMA

The rise of acts of terrorism in the name of Islam in Indonesia and in the world, has drawn a lot of criticism and scrutiny and has placed Muslims as the party to blame. The method in this study uses a type of library research (library research). The research data consists of primary data and secondary data. Data was collected using documentary techniques, which were collected from books, papers or articles, magazines, scientific journals and newspapers. Data analysis techniques include deductive and inductive. The results of this study found: 1) The concept of Counter-Terrorism Education as an effort to prevent terrorism through education is the basis of philosophy in education, moral and religious values. 2) The concept of Islamic Religious Education and Moral Character in the Free Curriculum Islamic Religious Education and Moral Education taught in schools are subjects that aim to produce students who have a religious spirit and obey their religious orders. direct students to become people of faith and carry out good deeds according to their respective abilities.