Muslim Community Research Articles

TAFSĪR AL-KHATĪB AL-MAKKĪ

This research examines the characteristics of Tafsir al-Khatīb al-Makkī; Tafsir Juz Tabārak by Sayyid 'Abd al-Hamīd ibn Ahmad al-Khatīb. The writing of the title of this commentary is attributed to the name of his father, namely Shaykh Ahmad Khatib al-Minangkabawi, even though it was his son who wrote it. He was a scholar of Indonesian descent who was born, had a career and died in Arabia. Traces of his work and intellect, which are still little explored, are a contribution to completing the treasures of works by Indonesian ulama. Using library research and descriptive analysis, this article examines and analyzes the background to the preparation of the interpretation, methodology, and the advantages and disadvantages of the interpretation. The results of this research found that the preparation of this interpretation was motivated by the attitude of people who had ignored the benefits of the Al-Qur'an to the point that they had become backward among other nations. The interpretations that emerged did not accommodate the fast-paced conditions of the times. The ulama did not try to spread the message of Islam through the Qur’an in language that was simple and easy for everyone to understand. The preaching scholars are only concerned with fiqh issues. After long reflection on the religious spirit of Islam and the Muslim community, he wrote a comprehensive commentary entitled Tafsīr Al-Khatīb al-Makki. From the aspect of Tafsir sources, this book is classified as a Tafsir bi al-ma'sūr. The method used is the tahlilī method and the style used is adabi ijtimā'i and the systematics of writing Tafsir Juz Tabārak is tartib mushafi.

Islamic Law Practice among East Javanesse Chinese Muslims; PITI’s Contribution on Its Enforcement

This qualitative research explores the practice of Islamic law among Chinese Muslims in Indonesia, focusing on the contribution of the Indonesian Chinese Islamic Association, or Persatuan Islam Tionghoa Indonesia (PITI) in East Java in three aspects; translating the Qur’an into Mandarin, organizing marriage guidance and religious consultation, and facilitating ḥalāl food industry. The primary data collection method involves in-depth interviews with Islamic leaders within the community, particularly those affiliated with PITI. Secondary data is gathered through an extensive review of literature comprising documents, books, news, and articles related to Islamic law practices among Indonesian Chinese Muslims. Data analysis employs a spiral approach, encompassing content analysis, contextual examination, and critical evaluation. The results of this research show that, specifically, PITI East Java is focused on three areas: arranging marriage counseling, translating the Qur'an into Mandarin, and developing a mentoring program for ḥalāl products. Besides, PITI uses a cultural approach to help Chinese Muslims comprehend and follow Islamic precepts while also taking into account their unique background and characteristics. As a result, the Chinese heritage has been influenced by Indonesian and Islamic traditions. This practice is dynamic and still proceeding in the new horizon that needs support from all stakeholders, the government, and other Muslim communities in Indonesia.

Authenticity and Historicity of The Quran from The Perspective Of H. Abdul Malik Karim Amrullah (Buya Hamka)

The Quran holds a central position in the lives of Muslims, particularly as a source of worship through recitation, memorization, and understanding of its teachings. However, studies on the historicity and authenticity of the Quran have received limited attention from the Muslim community at large.However, this issue cannot be overlooked, as Orientalists, through their research, attempt to obscure and even distort facts about the Quran's historicity and authenticity.Therefore, this research aims to present perspectives on the historicity and authenticity of the Quran based on factual evidence from the Quran and the Hadith of Prophet Muhammad (SAW), from the perspective of Buya Hamka. This study employs a qualitative approach, drawing from relevant books or journals on the theme, which are then summarized and analyzed to provide new insights that complement existing research. Based on the gathered data, the history of the Quran, both in terms of its revelation and its textual preservation, confirms that the Quran is the divine revelation received by Prophet Muhammad (SAW), either directly or through the intermediary of Angel Gabriel. Meanwhile, the authenticity of the Quran remains well-maintained, starting from its initial reception of revelation memorized by the Prophet and his companions, a tradition that continues to this day with many people memorizing the Quran. This research underscores the importance of understanding the historicity and authenticity of the Quran to address misinterpretations and distortions propagated by certain ideologies or perspectives within Islam. The findings of this study reinforce that the Quran is the unchanged revelation of Allah and continues to be an irreplaceable source of guidance for mankind throughout the ages.

The Muslim Culinary in Ho Chi Minh City

Ḥalāl food is a common feature in Muslim lives across the world. In Muslim quarters of Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam, locally-made food products are self-recognized as ḥalāl by the community. Ḥalāl food self-recognition is a tradition that exists within closed Muslim communities based on a process of production and consumption standardized by Muslims alone. However, the urban culinary scene has changed as the Vietnamese government issued policies for enhancing the tourism industry and exhorting Muslim enterprises to produce their typical local products. Using qualitative research methods in combination with document analysis, this article shows the sophisticated and varied culinary trade techniques of the Muslim market in Ho Chi Minh City and Southern Vietnam. Products that are not ḥalāl or that falsely claim to be ḥalāl have been introduced to the market. As a result, the involvement of the local Muslim community in the manufacturing process of these ḥalāl-standardized goods is analysed and examined to prevent the products from falsely claiming to be ḥalāl as well. Cultural aspects of the local Muslim community in food processing of ḥalāl products are often applied in creating tourist products in Muslim neighbourhoods. This research also argues that the market economy in Vietnam brings profits for the country, yet is also challenging for Muslims to produce and consume ḥalāl food.

THE SACRED SIGNIFICANCE OF LOCAL WISDOM IN THE BASAPA RITUAL OF MINANGKABAU

The extraordinary enthusiasm of the people attending the Basapa tradition event was generally reasonable because they respected those who had contributed to spreading Islam in Minangkabau and again there were several sacred things attached to Sheikh Burhanuddin so that it became an attraction for pilgrims to attend the rituals carried out every year in the month of Safar. Basapa is a ritual in the form of a simultaneous pilgrimage at the tomb of Sheikh Burhanuddin in Ulakan. Although the cleric figure of Sheikh Burhanuddin of the Tariqa Syattariah congregation, at the Basapa event, those who attended were not only followers of the Syattariah congregation but also the Muslim community in general. The formulation of the problem, namely: What is the background of the development and procession of the Basapa ritual in Ulakan and why the Basapa ritual became sacred in Ulakan, so that it was attended by many people in general from various parts outside the province of West Sumatra. This type of research is included in qualitative descriptive research, as for the systematic series of this research, namely: data sources, data collection techniques and data processing and analysis techniques. The result of the research is that mass pilgrimages occur at the Basapa Ritual which is considered sacred to its followers. The resultant attractive-consolidative Basapa ritual provides reconciliation from various socio-cultural aspects, especially giving the value of cultural inclusiveness to Minangkabau Islam and the sacredness of local wisdom or local wisdom from the Basapa tradition initially based on a religious dimension, but in its improvement, it became a local convention which in the end became a single ethnic identity.

INTERNALIZING INCLUSIVE ISLAMIC VALUES AT MUSLIM OI BURA: A COUNSELING CONCEPTUAL

Islam openly accepts differences in human beliefs on this earth. According to Islam, diversity is considered a necessity, so differences in beliefs are also normal. However, the social reality that occurs is that there are still practices of religious discrimination in society, such as the case of religious discrimination carried out by a group of Muslims in Tambora against local Hindus. This article aims to develop the concept of counseling as an effort to handle problems. The research method used is a literature study with data collection techniques from books and journal articles. This research produces the concept of a counseling group approach using the REBT technique as an alternative to eliminating negative prejudices that hinder the birth of tolerance. The REBT technique used also adopts Islamic values. This step aims to suppress irrational beliefs by refreshing the meaning of inclusive Islam. In the process, it is hoped that it will be able to support the formation of an attitude of tolerance in the Muslim community in Tambora.

The Rise of Islamophobia in India: Violation of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedom of Indian Muslims

This article examines Islamophobia in India and its impact on the human rights and basic liberties of Indian Muslims. Islamophobia is a new form of racism that has grown out of xenophobia, negative profiling, and stereotyping of Muslims. This article focuses upon the current state of Islamophobia, basic liberties, hate speech, discrimination, and violence against Muslims. These acts of prejudice, animosity, and violence against Muslim communities are major infringements on their human rights and a violation of their religious freedom. The BJP has been promoting a number of evil anti-Muslim policies, including discriminatory citizenship laws, the lynching of Muslims on suspicion of consuming or transporting beef and a ban on communal prayers. We conclude that the institutionalisation of Islamophobia through new laws and policies have a negative impact on Muslims’ human rights and religious freedom in India. Similarly, the media in India also promotes Islamophobia.

MINORITY JURISPRUDENCE IN THE CONTEXT OF HALAL FOOD EVALUATION IN SINGAPORE

The study focuses on minority jurisprudential perspectives regarding the evaluation of Halal food in Singapore. It observes an increasing demand for Halal-certified food within the Muslim community in Singapore, prompting concerns about Halal extremism, defensive eating, and potential contamination between Halal and non-Halal food items. Minority jurisprudence offers a legal framework that is both contextual and adaptable, making it particularly relevant for addressing the challenges encountered by Muslim minorities within non-Muslim societies. To address these issues, a qualitative research approach centered on document analysis was employed. This involved examining Fiqh texts, fatwas, academic studies, and related documents. The findings of the study present the views and opinions of minority jurisprudence regarding potential solutions to the identified challenges. Additionally, the concept of at-takhayyur was discussed as a minority jurisprudential approach to addressing the problem of Halal food evaluation in Singapore. Studying Halal food evaluation through the lens of minority jurisprudence offers a more comprehensive understanding of contemporary Halal food-related issues. Consequently, this research has the potential to contribute to the integration of residents from diverse backgrounds within Singapore's complex and multicultural society.

THE AFTERMATH OF NIK ELIN: DOES IT AFFECT THE POSITION OF THE MALAYSIAN SYARIAH COURT?

This article examines the ramifications of the recent Federal Court judgment in the case of Nik Elin Zurina Nik Abdul Rashid & Anor v. Kerajaan Negeri Kelantan to the position of the Syariah Court in Malaysia. The judgment of the case witnessed 16 out of 18 provisions of the Kelantan Syariah Criminal Code Enactment 2019 which have been challenged on the ground of unconstitutional be declared null and void by the Federal Court. This has given rise to the state of anxiety and dissatisfaction particularly among Muslims community who feels that the position of the Syariah Court has been degraded. The study employs qualitative study in analysing relevant materials that comprised of statutory laws, journal articles and cases law relating to the issue of constitution and conflict of laws. The finding shows that the verdict made by the Federal Court in Nik Elin’s case does not affect the position of Syariah Court in Malaysia since it has nothing to do with the issue of Islamic doctrine. Thus, this article concludes that in the process of making laws, legislative bodies must always have the power and competency to do so in the spirit of preserving the supremacy of the Federal Constitution as the highest law in Malaysia.

The Practice of Islamic Traditions among the Bugis in Bali

This study aims to explore the practice of the grave pilgrimage tradition in the Suwung Village, Denpasar, using qualitative methods. Interviews, observations, and document studies were conducted to gather data directly from the Bugis community during the grave pilgrimage. The results of the study show that the majority Hindu Balinese community can accept the Bugis migrants, who are Muslims, to express Islamic traditions in Bali. This expression of Islamic religious tradition is marked by the existence of ancient Islamic manuscripts in Muslim villages, one of which is the Bugis Suwung Village in Denpasar. Specifically, the traditions that are unique in this village are the tradition of Ngeruwah (praying for the spirits of ancestors before the arrival of the month of Ramadan), the tradition of Pagelicing Qur’an (parading the Qur’an), and the tradition of grave pilgrimage. However, the tradition of parading the Qur’an has not been practised since the 1970s. This was done because the tradition was feared to be cultised by the Muslim community in the region.

The Current Issue of Reporting Zakat in Indonesia: A Critical Analysis

The functions of zakat collection and distribution in Indonesia are carried out by both government and private institutions. Zakat funds hold significant economic development potential. Despite rapid growth in the past decade, the true potential of zakat remains largely untapped. Various factors contribute to suboptimal zakat management in Indonesia, such as ineffective zakat collection organizations, high administrative costs, and ineffective dissemination of information on the importance of zakat payment. This study focuses on the governance of zakat institutions in Indonesia, with a primary emphasis on the National Amil Zakat Agency (BAZNAS) and authorized Private Zakat Institutions (LAZ). This paper is based on a descriptive-analytical method, and it adopts qualitative research for the analysis of the available literature. The research is crucial for building trust, ensuring efficient zakat utilization for poverty alleviation, and enhancing social welfare within the Indonesian context. This research delves into the governance of zakat institutions in Indonesia, primarily focusing on the National Amil Zakat Agency (BAZNAS) (Zakat Institution of the Republic of Indonesia) and authorised Amil Zakat Institutions (LAZ) LAZ (Private Zakat Institutions). Despite official recognition, a lingering lack of trust among some members of the Muslim community necessitates a closer examination of transparency and accountability in zakat collection and distribution. The study aims to assess the reporting practices of zakat institutions, identifying areas for improvement to bolster confidence in the Muslim community. The research holds significance in fostering trust, ensuring effective zakat utilisation for poverty alleviation, and promoting social welfare.

The Implementation of Halal Network Indonesia (HNI) Business Among Muslim and Non-Muslim Communities

The Implementation of Halal Network Indonesia (HNI) Business Among Muslim and Non-Muslim Communities

Perkembangan Ekonomi dan Keuangan dalam Islam: Inspirasi dari Khulafaur Rasyidin

Islamic economics is the response of Islamic scholars to the economic challenges of their time, which is closely related to the Koran and hadith. Islamic economics is also a social science whose Islamic values ​​influence all of society's economic activities. Islamic economics is part of every aspect of life which is based on four sciences, namely the Al-Quran, Sunnah, Ijma', and Qiyas. This discusses a very inclusive way of life. The aim of this research is to describe the history of public policy and the development of Islamic political economy during the time of Khurafaur Rasyidin. Based on the results of this research, Khulafaur Rasyidin's leadership period consisted of four levels of leadership. The first economic policies implemented during the Khurafaur Rasyidin era were during the Abu Bakr era, the second during the reign of Umar bin Khattab, and the third during the reign of Uthman bin Affan, and finally during the reign of Ali bin Talib. Regarding his leadership, several activities were carried out, namely establishing Baitul, shopping centers, distribution of welfare, pension funds, soldiers' salaries, as well as distribution and collection of zakat to Muslim and non-Muslim communities. All of these activities can help develop the country's economy and improve people's living standards. The method used in this research is the library research method. The data collection technique is to conduct a literature review study regarding the problem to be solved. Keywoards: Public Policy; Islamic Economics; Khulafaur Rasyidin

Kepatuhan Syariah Pada Fintech Lending Syariah: Analisis Akad dan Implementasinya

Islamic fintech lending has emerged in response to the need for financial products that comply with Islamic law. In the context of Muslim communities, fintech lending is assessed not only in terms of efficiency and convenience but also for its adherence to Sharia principles. This research is of a normative-empirical type with a content analysis approach. The results of this study indicate that Islamic fintech is a financial innovation that combines technology with Islamic Sharia principles. Parties involved need to understand the contracts used according to their needs, such as sales (al-al-bayʿ), muḍārabah, mushārakah, wakālah bil ujrah, and qardh, the permissibility of which is explained in the Qur'an and rational evidence. In Indonesia, Islamic fintech activities refer to DSN-MUI Fatwa Number 117/DSN-MUI/II/2018. With Islamic values and strict government regulations, economic operations can be conducted in a beneficial, just manner, avoiding riba (usury), maysir (gambling), and gharar (uncertainty).

Development of Innovative Executive Programme: Imam Profesional

The Professional Imam Executive Program, the only academic program in Malaysia provides an opportunity for the community to improve knowledge, skills, and abilities for the duties of an imam, along with mosque and community management through a systematic lifelong learning process and becoming an excellent imam in guiding the Muslim community. Thus, Institut Ahli Sunnah Wal Jamaah (iSWAJ), Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia (UTHM) has developed such a programme since 2016 together with the Department of Islamic Religious State of Johor (JAINJ) and has graduated almost 70 students starting the first intake in 2018. The structure of this new program is designed to meet the demands and needs of the Mosque Management Division, JAINJ and to meet the gaps in the Imam's needs. This programme has four modulars – Tawhidic Foundation, Revelation Sciences, and Mosque and Community Management, and concluded with a Community Project that has been developed. Each modular cover three modules by itself. Those who attain 80 marks (A grade) and above from all modules in each modular will receive a Sijil Kemahiran Agama(Religious Skill Certificate) from the Johor State Islamic Religious Department (JAINJ), the only special award certificate to students of Imam ProfesionalTM. This innovative executive program is recognized by Johor Islamic Religious Council (MAIJ) and can be credited to prior experience-based learning (APEL). It will continue to accept applicants nationally and internationally for future intake and certainly offer many benefits for itself and the community.

ADAPTATION OF SYSTEMATIC APPROACH IN ADDIE MODEL TO DEVELOP WEB-BASED APPLICATION FOR TABUNG KHAIRAT KEMATIAN MANAGEMENT

Khairat Kematian was founded to support the Malay Muslim community in Malaysia by offering assistance with funeral management for deceased members and their dependents. Nevertheless, the majority of managerial duties are carried out by the mosque committee members using traditional methods. All information is manually documented, and there is a lack of a formal reporting system on membership registration and the status of funeral donations. Therefore, the Web-Based Application on Tabung Khairat Kematian (TKK) Management was developed to improve the manual membership registration process and generate the status of funeral donations by transitioning to an online platform. Four main Google services: Google Forms, Google Sheets, Google Studio, and Google Sites, were utilized. The use of the ADDIE model, which consists of five distinct phases—analysis, design, development, implementation, and evaluation—in the process of developing a web-based application for Tabung Khairat Kematian (TKK) Management was explored in this article. Furthermore, a documented systematic approach was used in each phase of the ADDIE model, which could be useful as a guideline for future web-based application development.

Religious Minority and Peaceful Coexistence: The Dynamics of the Ahmadiyya Community in Malang, Indonesia

The position of the Ahmadiyya is problematic since it claims to be a part of the Muslim community, but it is considered a deviant sect by the mainstream Sunni Muslims in Indonesia. There has been persecution and violence towards this minority. The violence towards the Ahmadiyya increased most notably after the issuance of a joint ministerial decree in 2008, which limits the activities and proselytization of the Ahmadiyya. Interestingly, although affected by the national and regional discourse on the Ahmadiyya, the Ahmadiyya community in Malang, East Java, still lives peacefully with other faith communities. By employing qualitative content analysis, the present study examines the dynamics of the Ahmadiyya as a religious minority in the context of a plural society in Malang, East Java. More specifically, it investigates two main research problems, namely the Ahmadiyya community’s agency in response to the limitation of their activities and the socio-political and socio-religious factors relatively supporting peaceful life of the Ahmadiyya community. This study reveals a distinct picture that stays in contrast to the majority of Ahmadiyya communities in Indonesia, which is often associated with discrimination and persecution.

Translation and Semantic Shift of Islamic Vocabulary in English Abstracts: A Corpus-Based Study at an Indonesian Islamic University

Incorporating Nation’s vocabulary classification, this study investigates the translation and semantic shifts of Islam-related vocabulary in the abstracts of undergraduate and postgraduate theses. A corpus of 810 English and Bahasa Indonesia abstracts, sampled from a total of 1,928, was analyzed using Antwordprofiler and Antconc software. Findings indicate that translation strategies employed include phonetic alteration, pure borrowing, and one-to-one translation. Specifically, loanwords of Arabic origin were predominantly translated using pure borrowing, with some phonetic and/or orthographic modification in both Bahasa Indonesia and English. The translated vocabulary primarily consisted of Arabic-origin words with Bahasa Indonesia orthographic adaptations rather than their original Arabic forms. Additionally, semantic shifts were observed in the adoption of Islam-related Arabic vocabulary into Bahasa Indonesia. This is attributed to 1) the introduction of Quranic meanings, often differing from the common understanding of Arabic words at the time of the Quran’s revelation, and 2) modifications to accommodate the traditions of Indonesian local Muslim communities. The implications of this study highlight the need for translators to be aware of the cultural and religious contexts that influence semantic shifts. Moreover, this research underscores the importance of understanding the dynamic nature of language in the context of religious texts, which can lead to more accurate and culturally sensitive translations.

Pemberdayaan Perempuan melalui Pendidikan Islam Progresif Suud Sarim Karimullah: Analisis Strukturalisme dan Implikasinya

This study aims to explore the role of Progressive Islamic Education in women's empowerment from the perspective of Suud Sarim Karimullah. It employs a qualitative research methodology, focusing on a literature review that includes an analysis of the works of Suud Sarim Karimullah and related literature, such as relevant books and journals, analyzed based on structuralism theory. This study demonstrates that Progressive Islamic Education, which combines fundamental Islamic principles with modern values such as gender equality and human rights, can enhance women's access to quality education. This education not only empowers women in terms of education but also increases their participation in the workforce and political decision-making. Additionally, Progressive Islamic Education helps to overcome social and cultural barriers, as well as gender stereotypes that limit women's roles. By involving the Muslim community, including religious leaders and families, Progressive Islamic Education can foster positive change in society. The impact of women's empowerment through Progressive Islamic Education is evident in the improvement of economic well-being, poverty reduction, and increased social stability. Structuralism analysis shows that Progressive Islamic Education can shape social structures that support change, address patriarchal norms, and promote sustainable gender equality. Therefore, from the perspective of Suud Sarim Karimullah, Progressive Islamic Education is an effective tool for women's empowerment and the development of an inclusive and just society.

History of Islam in Australia: Muslim Migration and the Evolution of Islamic Education

This study describes the history of Islam in Australia, highlighting the influx of Muslims and depicting the development of Islam in the country. This research employs the historical method, comprising four stages: heuristics for source collection, source verification or criticism, interpretation or analysis, and historiography for historical writing. The results of this study demonstrate that Islam began to spread to Australia in the early 17th century, primarily due to the regular presence of Makassar fishermen and traders searching for tripang. The next wave of Muslims who came and settled in Australia were Afghan Muslims, Malay Muslims, Indians, Albanians, Lebanese, Indonesians, and so on. The presence of Islam encourages Islamic education in the country, starting with non-formal Islamic education centered in mosques, homes, or offices of Islamic organizations. Various Muslim communities conduct studies and seminars on weekends, commonly known as 'Saturday or Sunday School.' The 1970s saw the establishment of formal Islamic schools in response to the growing Muslim population. The development of Islamic education in Australia gained momentum in the mid-1990s. Privately run Islamic schools adopt the entire local education system, with an additional six hours per week for religious content. As Islamic schools have developed, they have expanded to various states in Australia. The attitude of tolerance and openness that Islamic schools in Australia cultivate supports this