Musical Melodies Research Articles

Note Extraction and Recognition Analysis Based on Music Melody Features

Note Extraction and Recognition Analysis Based on Music Melody Features

Chopin’s Nocture Style in the Romantic Period: A Case Study of Nocture Op.9 No.1

Nocturne had a great development in the Romantic period of the 19th century. Chopin, as a typical representative of the Romantic period, pushed the development of nocturne to a new climax. His works have a very high artistic value and are a precious artistic heritage for future generations. Chopin has made great contributions to the development of romantic music. Therefore, Chopin's works have left a lot of places worth exploring and studying, which has had a profound influence on the development of Western music. This paper will be based on the general situation of romantic music, starting from Chopin's life and creation process, through the analysis of Chopin's “Nocturnica Op.9 No.1” piano works as the theme of detailed discussion, from the music melody style, touch keys, pedal use and music emotional expression, to grasp the style of the work and processing. The performance skills in the works and rich artistic expression show. By understanding the musical style and artistic characteristics of the Romantic period, we can further grasp the style and treatment of Chopin's works, and apply his performance personality to Chopin's other music works, so as to improve the level of performers' playing skills, restore the musical emotional expression that the composer wants to convey to the audience, and improve the performance of music.

Sonification of Genomic Data to Represent Genetic Load in Zoo Populations.

Maintaining a diverse gene pool is important in the captive management of zoo populations, especially in endangered species such as the pink pigeon (Nesoenas mayeri). However, due to the limited number of breeding individuals and relaxed natural selection, the loss of variation and accumulation of harmful variants is inevitable. Inbreeding results in a loss of fitness (i.e., inbreeding depression), principally because related parents are more likely to transmit a copy of the same recessive deleterious genetic variant to their offspring. Genomics-informed captive breeding can manage harmful variants by artificial selection, reducing the genetic load by avoiding the inheritance of two copies of the same harmful variant. To explain this concept in an interactive way to zoo visitors, we developed a sonification game to represent the fitness impacts of harmful variants by detuning notes in a familiar musical melody (i.e., Beethoven's Für Elise). Conceptually, zoo visitors play a game aiming to create the most optimal pink pigeon offspring in terms of inbreeding depression. They select virtual crosses between pink pigeon individuals and listen for the detuning of the melody, which represents the realised load of the resultant offspring. Here we present the sonification algorithm and the results of an online survey to see whether participants could identify the most and least optimal offspring from three potential pink pigeon offspring. Of our 98 respondents, 85 (86.7%) correctly identified the least optimal offspring, 73 (74.5%) correctly identified the most optimal, and 62 (63.3%) identified both the most and least optimal offspring using only the sonification.

Instrumentale Melodieanfänge und ihr Verhältnis zur Form am Beispiel historischer und gegenwärtiger ungarischer Tanzmelodien

AbstractThe aim of this study is to analyze the beginning of different dance tunes in connection with variously performed dance tunes. The purpose of this paper is also to draw attention to the need for micro-analysis, which has been neglected for a long time in instrumental folk music research, in order to better understand instrumental musical melody creation. The selected musical examples come from different (partly historical) eras and different geographical areas of Western Transdanubian and Transylvanian Hungarian folk music collections. Typical starting elements (fifth-forth changes, direction of moving of scales, etc.) are related to dance music with different names. The analysis ignores the evolution of tempo and variation throughout the piece, as well as the ensemble's “Primas” ornamentation, timbre, harmonies and unique solutions of the accompaniment. At the same time, the author paid attention to the form and structure of the entire piece in addition to the beginnings of the melody. The study was written in honor of the 100th birthday of Walter Deutsch, the creator of modern Austrian ethnomusicology.

Music Generation Based on Bidirectional GRU Model

Lately, substantial advancements in the realm of deep learning have given rise to new approaches for autonomously generating music. This study has devised a generative framework intended to produce musical melodies. This framework capitalizes on bidirectional gated recurrent units (GRU) as its foundational architecture. To impart knowledge to the model, a collection of classical piano compositions in MIDI format has been employed as the training dataset. One implements a stacked architecture of bidirectional GRU layers to capture long-term musical patterns. The addition of dropout regularization prevents overfitting. Generated samples are evaluated both quantitatively through model loss, as well as qualitatively by manual listening tests. According to the analysis, the approach can produce coherent musical melodies with reasonable structure. This demonstrates the potential for deep bidirectional models to learn musical syntax and generate new compositions. Limitations include lack of long-term musical form and repetitive patterns. Future work should explore architectures to improve coherence over longer time spans, as well as integrate other modalities like rhythm and harmony. These results provide a strong foundation for automated music generation systems.

Evaluating the Influence of Musical and Monetary Rewards on Decision Making through Computational Modelling.

A central question in behavioural neuroscience is how different rewards modulate learning. While the role of monetary rewards is well-studied in decision-making research, the influence of abstract rewards like music remains poorly understood. This study investigated the dissociable effects of these two reward types on decision making. Forty participants completed two decision-making tasks, each characterised by probabilistic associations between stimuli and rewards, with probabilities changing over time to reflect environmental volatility. In each task, choices were reinforced either by monetary outcomes (win/lose) or by the endings of musical melodies (consonant/dissonant). We applied the Hierarchical Gaussian Filter, a validated hierarchical Bayesian framework, to model learning under these two conditions. Bayesian statistics provided evidence for similar learning patterns across both reward types, suggesting individuals' similar adaptability. However, within the musical task, individual preferences for consonance over dissonance explained some aspects of learning. Specifically, correlation analyses indicated that participants more tolerant of dissonance behaved more stochastically in their belief-to-response mappings and were less likely to choose the response associated with the current prediction for a consonant ending, driven by higher volatility estimates. By contrast, participants averse to dissonance showed increased tonic volatility, leading to larger updates in reward tendency beliefs.

Musical Melody and Emotional Evocation - An Empirical Study from Statistical Analysis

Abstract Music is a product of human conscious activity, which, as a special form of artistic expression, can directly hit the psyche and trigger people’s strong emotional experiences. In this study, the continuity of pitch significance is first utilized to represent the musical melody and the feature extraction of polyphonic musical melody is carried out based on harmonic peak and harmonic sum functions. Based on this basis, the features of the extracted musical melody are recognized by combining convolutional neural networks. In addition, the study also constructs an emotion evocation model based on musical melody, and empirically demonstrates the relationship between musical melody and emotion evocation using statistical analysis. The p-values of different music melodies and different music preferences are all less than 0.05. According to the difference analysis, sad emotions have an arousal rate of 90%, which makes them the easiest to induce and arouse. The p-value for the three factors between musical melody, gender, and professional background was less than 0.05, and the interaction was significant. Music melody, gender, and professional background of emotion evocation have a considerable difference. The influence of emotion evocation has a significant effect. While the role of music preferences on emotion evocation is not substantial, the trend and characteristics of different music melody types evoked emotions provide an effective and realistic basis.

Multidimensional Scale Analysis and Modeling of Emotional Space in Yao Music

Abstract The research content of this paper gives a detailed analysis of the system structure of the music emotion recognition system. In the process of music feature extraction and recognition, the system first reads the note queue and tempo information queue of the format music and then analyzes and calculates the basic features of the music, tonal and melodic features, etc., respectively. The content of the text set is projected into a three-dimensional visual space using the multidimensional scale analysis method, and then the emotional theme is obtained by dividing the class groups. The samples from the Yao music database are selected as the data source for music emotion research, and performance analysis is performed. The results prove that the method of this paper can effectively perform feature extraction on Yao music files, with an average misdetection rate of only 0.09% and a recognition rate of more than 83% in all cases. The musical structure of Yao Village Impression can be broken down into five parts. The musical melodies mostly consist of major second and minor third intervals. The emotional labeling of structures 1 and 4 in the cluster analysis is distributed in four quadrants, with a preference for pleasurable emotions. Structure 2 was more concentrated in quadrants 1, 4. These emotion distribution results are consistent with the music depicting the beauty of Yao village and the emotional life of Yao people.

Research on the Innovation of Traditional Music Inheritance Mode Supported by Multimedia Technology

Abstract Traditional music is an important carrier for the development and dissemination of Chinese culture, and this paper aims to use multimedia technology to broaden the inheritance of traditional music and put forward the modernized inheritance of traditional music. In order to solve the limitation of time and space of this inheritance mode, it is proposed to utilize the main melody extraction technology of MIDI music to extract and identify the humming melody for the inheritance mode of traditional music. To facilitate the creation and retrieval of traditional music, a traditional music humming retrieval system based on the CHMM model has been designed by improving the HMM model based on score and audio training. Set the neural network model’s parameter values and bound values and use the multimedia system in teaching to test its effectiveness. The algorithm in this paper stabilizes the extraction error value for MIDI music melody at a value between 0.10 and 0.18. Combined with the school’s use of multimedia inheritance technology for traditional music, more than 70% of the students think that the teaching of traditional music using modern multimedia technology is very good. Only 0.01685 students expressed uncertainty about the significance of multimedia in traditional music teaching. The evolution of multimedia technology in traditional music transmission is evident.

Study of Listeners' Expressions in the Presentation of Batak Songs with Special Attention to the Saweran Tradition

This research aims to explore the audience's expression during the presentation of Batak songs at Champion Cafe and Lavaz Coffee. The research uses the qualitative research method with a descriptive qualitative approach. Data collection techniques used are observation and interviews. The research is characterized as qualitative with a descriptive design. The result of the study are 1) Expression is a form of self-expression present in each individual, manifesting as physical responses such as body movements when listening to musical melodies. 2) Saweran in the urban society of Medan is an expression involving the giving of money to the music performer when a song presented by the singer or band resonates well with the audience.

Changes in Music Curriculum Education in Colleges and Universities Based on Cloud Classroom Assistive Technology

Abstract With the rapid development of science and technology, cloud classroom teaching has gradually become a trend. The cloud-based music teaching aid training system designed in this paper learns to map rhythmic and pitch features through music sequence generation technology. The onset detection algorithm of spectral flux detects the onset of the note. The Bezier curve is introduced into the melodic line feature generation algorithm to construct a polynomial function for interpolation between the first and the last endpoints, and the emotion is utilized to guide fractal music creation. Finally, the effectiveness of this auxiliary teaching system in college music teaching has been verified. The results show that the optimal Hamming distance of the system is 0.353 in the music melody generation experiment, which indicates that the system can quickly generate melody lines for students in music teaching and improve their learning efficiency. The system can significantly improve the rationality and efficiency of music skill training, which is worth promoting.

The growth of Soviet music in the scope of Chinese cinema in the early period of the establishment of New China: an example of the interlude “Oh, the snowball tree is in blossom” in the film and television works of Ivan Perilyev

In the early days of the founding of New China, there was an international situation with close political contact between China and the Soviet Union. I still remember the title of “Big Brother of the Soviet Union”, which shows the political and cultural exchange and blending between these two countries. In the film industry culture, Soviet films and their unique musical melodies and content materials have inspired the development of Chinese films. The musical elements in the films can make the film works more valuable, and it is easier for them to have emotional impacts and fluctuations to invoke empathy and association. This article will analyze and discuss the films in the early days of the founding of New China through the development and influence of Soviet music in China at that time and through the detailed analysis of the specific work “Happy Life” by Ivan Pyryev to search for and summarize the clues of the rooted development of Soviet music in the Chinese film industry and its role and significance in future film and television development.

Clinical Manifestations.

Despite considerable interest in music as an index of brain function and a therapeutic modality in dementia, the neural correlates of music processing in different dementias remain poorly defined. In the frontotemporal dementia spectrum, behavioral variant frontotemporal dementia (bvFTD) and semantic variant primary progressive aphasia (svPPA) are often associated with striking changes in musical function and/or retained musical skills, suggesting frontotemporal dementia may be an instructive disease model in which to assess brain mechanisms of music processing in neurodegenerative pathologies. Here we addressed this issue using activation fMRI in patients with frontotemporal dementia. Nineteen patients (10 svPPA, nine bvFTD) and 26 healthy age-matched controls underwent 3-Tesla 'sparse' fMRI in which they listened passively to musical melodies. In a 2×2 factorial design, stimulus conditions were manipulated to probe two key dimensions of music processing: semantic memory (familiarity: familiar vs. novel melodies) and perceptual features (temporal structure: isochronous vs. anisochronous melodies). Post-scan behavioral testing assessed participants' ability to discriminate melodies under each of the two manipulated stimulus dimensions. Information about participant demographics and musical background was also collected. The healthy older control group showed separable profiles of activation in posterior superior temporal cortex for processing musical temporal structure, and in anterior temporal and inferior frontal cortices for processing musical familiarity. Compared with healthy older listeners, syndromic groups showed differential patterns of engagement of these distributed neural networks. In post-scan behavioral testing, patients with bvFTD also exhibited significantly impaired musical familiarity judgments relative to healthy controls. Frontotemporal dementia syndromes show distinct functional neuroanatomical signatures of music perception. Future work should explore fMRI of music processing as a probe of neural function in particular molecular pathologies and a candidate marker of therapeutic potential in dementia.

Analyzing the Role of Melodic Contours in Music Therapy for ADHD Therapeutic Interventions

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is one of the most common neurodevelopmental disorders affecting children; it impacts their academic growth, social habits, as well as daily lifestyle routines. This review aims to explore using melodic contours as a possible therapeutic intervention for those affected with ADHD. Melodic contour refers to the shape of a musical melody, encompassed by various aspects such as the rise and fall of a pitch, the direction of melodic movement, and the overall pattern of the melody. Music therapy has shown promise as a form of treatment for individuals affected by neuropsychological behaviors such as ADHD. The use of melodic contours is a specific technique in music therapy that can be used to target patients’ attention, impulsivity, and emotional regulation. This review explores the theoretical background of melodic contours and their potential therapeutic benefits, though it warrants further research into clinical trials to test the effectiveness of using specific melodic contours for ADHD treatment.

Is Melody “Dead?”: A Large-scale Analysis of Pop Music Melodies from 1960 through 2019

In this paper we theorize that there are specific musical features that contribute to a melody’s character which we define as melodiousness and conduct a large-scale corpus analysis to examine whether there are differences in the melodiousness of popular hit songs from the 1960s compared with present-day pop songs. To carry out the corpus analysis, we use a new approach for generating symbolic data for popular music melodies to overcome the lack of preexisting symbolic data. In addition, we attempt to answer the question of whether any key characteristics of melodiousness appear to have changed or shifted in notable ways over time.

Research on multi-system interactive pop music composition based on artificial intelligence technology

Abstract The purpose of this paper is to analyze MIDI technology for pop music composition and the application of composition in artificial intelligence. Based on deep learning, a SeqVAE-based music melody generation algorithm is designed, the possibility of a pulse neural network-based music melody generation algorithm is explored, and a multi-system interactive pop music composition system is established and tested. This system's accuracy rate for bass and treble recognition was tested to be 4%, 4.1%, 2.47%, and 2.66, respectively, compared to the traditional recognition rate. The recommendation satisfaction rate was 96 when the number of queries was 50, the response speed increase time was less and kept within 3 seconds, and the CPU occupancy rate was within 40%.

PSYCHOSOMATIC MECHANISMS OF REGULATION OF EXTERNAL RESPIRATION FUNCTION IN CHILDREN WITH BRONCHIAL ASTHMA WHEN LISTENING TO AUDIO SIGNALS OF VARIOUS COMPONENT COMPOSITION

In the treatment of bronchial asthma (BA), an integrated approach is used that includes both drugs and alternative methodsthat infl uence the psycho- emotional state of the patient. In this regard, one of the most powerful methods of psycho- emotional infl uence on a person is musical infl uence.The aim of the research is to study the eff ectiveness of infl uence of audio signals of diff erent amplitude- frequency range on the central mechanisms of regulation of ventilatory capacity of bronchi of patients with asthma.Material and methods. Twenty-fi ve children between the ages of 9 and 14 with clinically diagnosed BA participated in thestudy. Three melodies with diff erent component composition were used. Their amplitude- frequency characteristics were analyzed using the Matlab environment. The sound energy fraction of the studied musical compositions in one-third octave frequency bands throughout the duration of the audio signal was calculated. Statistical processing of the data was performed using IBM SPSS Statistics software.Results. The results of the study indicate that the most eff ective musical infl uence is provided by the audio excerpt from The Magic Flute by W. A. Mozart. It was found that the main spirographic indicators of bronchopulmonary obstruction increase under the infl uence of music, and correspondingly there are changes in the integral characteristics of bioelectrical activity of the brain.Conclusion. The results of the study show reliable normalization of spirography indicators in children with bronchial asthmaunder the infl uence of selected musical melodies of a certain frequency. Eff ectiveness of sound infl uence on central regulation mechanisms of bronchial ventilatory capacity can be used for preventive and therapeutic purposes.

Exploring the characteristics of folk music tunes based on data mining model

Abstract In this paper, during the design process, some sample data are first extracted, and the distance between data is calculated to obtain the symmetric distance matrix along the diagonal. The model mutual information quantity is introduced, and the homogenization factor is detected after weight calculation. Next, analyze the rule weights based on the normalized mutual information quantity and use information entropy to identify abnormal data. Finally, find the minimum set with frequent item set and mine the fuzzy association rules. To verify the feasibility of the model, the results of exploring the characteristics of ethnic music tunes show that the neutral tone color is thin and the ethnic music melody line is soft in tune when the long and short melody lines are 9% and 12%, respectively. The number of strong and weak beats in the beat is 2-7 times, mixed with 2/4 and 3/8 beats alternately, and the musical tune is regular. The third-order interaction of wave amplitude variance is significant, and the two media of CD and phonograph help listeners understand and remember the music. Based on this, the digital model can improve the reproduction effect of folk music and can objectively target the transmission of folk music with national cultural characteristics.

Adaptation to sentences and melodies when making judgments along a voice/non-voice continuum

Perceptual contrastive adaptation effects can be used to identify important perceptual features or categories. Our previous work revealed contrastive adaptation effects between voice and non-voice categories when adapting with repeated single vowels or musical tones. The current study investigated whether the effect generalizes to adaptors with higher ecological validity—sentences and melodies. Ten-step continua between a “voice” (female /a/, /o/, or /u/ vowels) and an “instrument” (bassoon, horn, or viola) were generated for each possible pair. A sentence spoken by a female voice, or a melody played on bassoon or horn, was presented, followed by a test stimulus from along the continuum. Contrastive adaptation effects were observed, with the test stimulus more likely to be identified as a voice following a musical melody and vice versa. Pilot data showed similar trends when the female voice adaptors were replaced with their male counterparts, suggesting that the effects may generalize across speaker gender and fundamental frequency. The results show that contrastive adaptation to voice and non-voice stimuli is a robust effect that does not rely on the repetition of simple adaptors or on a shared frequency range between the adaptors and test stimuli. [Work supported by NIH grant R01DC005216.]

한국구비문학회 30년, 판소리 연구의 성과와 한계 그리고 나아갈 길

This paper aims to reflect upon the achievements and limitations of Pansori (a Korean genre of musical storytelling performance) research, considering the 30th anniversary of the Society of Korean Oral Literature, and cautiously suggests the future direction for Pansori research. Pansori research has been conducted primarily from the perspectives of literature, music, and performance. From a literary perspective, Pansori research has been at the core of Korean classical narrative literature. The inception of a comprehensive genre theory in Korean classical literature began with the genre regulations of Pansori, and the structural analysis of Pansori Epic Chant revealed concepts that explain Pansori's distinct literary characteristics, such as fixed and non-fixed systems, surface and underlying themes, and the autonomy of its parts. Subsequently, the application of the Oral Formula Theory to Pansori shed new light on the performativity of Pansori Epic Chant, and introduced unique concepts regarding Pansori's portrayal and style, such as principles of scene intensification. However, the literary study of Pansori has its own limitations as it has often treated Pansori merely as a literary work. Pansori's musical research saw a new era following the reproduction of recordings from the late 20th century. The reproduction of these recordings provided a direct research focus on the sounds and melodies of the so-called 'modern 5 gifted singers.' This enabled a revival of ethnic musicological research into the origins of Pansori music, facilitating in-depth historical studies of Pansori music. Nevertheless, this too has clear limitations as it tends to narrowly focus on the musical aspect of Pansori without offering a comprehensive understanding. Research on Pansori performance is, in fact, the essence of all Pansori research. Studies conducted on the performance aspect of Pansori up to now have primarily focused on its external aspects. These include research on the performers—singers and drummers—studies on the audience, and research on the culture of enjoying Pansori. However, the future direction of Pansori research should indeed delve into its internal performance aspects. Research that examines how Pansori Epic Chant is intertwined with Pansori music, how this combined Epic Chant and musical melody resonate with the audience, is in fact the core area of Pansori performance research. Yet, the number of studies exploring this crucial aspect of Pansori performance is relatively limited. ｢Looking back at the past 30 years of 'Oral Literature Research“, out of a total of 549 published papers, Pansori-related papers account for 73, making up 13% of the total. The Pansori studies published in 'Oral Literature Research' have mainly focused on the 'orality' of Pansori. In other words, the research outcomes largely emphasize viewing Pansori within the broader framework of 'oral literature'. Future Pansori research should exhibit a deeper interest in the internal aspects of Pansori performance. Pansori is fundamentally a performance art, and as such, it cannot be solely approached through its individual components of literature, music, and performance. Pansori is an art of performance composed of 'Epic Chant + music + gestures + audience participation'. It is important to examine the interrelationships between these elements and focus on the inherent significance that Pansori performance itself reveals. It is believed that the future direction of Pansori research should concentrate on understanding these dynamics and the meanings they convey.