Streaming Research Articles

Energy efficient resource management in data centers using imitation-based optimization

Cloud computing is the paradigm for delivering streaming content, office applications, software functions, computing power, storage, and more as services over the Internet. It offers elasticity and scalability to the service consumer and profit to the provider. The success of such a paradigm has resulted in a constant increase in the providers’ infrastructure, most notably data centers. Data centers are energy-intensive installations that require power for the operation of the hardware and networking devices and their cooling. To serve cloud computing needs, the data center organizes work as virtual machines placed on physical servers. The policy chosen for the placement of virtual machines over servers is critical for managing the data center resources, and the variability of workloads needs to be considered. Inefficient placement leads to resource waste, excessive power consumption, and increased communication costs. In the present work, we address the virtual machine placement problem and propose an Imitation-Based Optimization (IBO) method inspired by human imitation for dynamic placement. To understand the implications of the proposed approach, we present a comparative analysis with state-of-the-art methods. The results show that, with the proposed IBO, the energy consumption decreases at an average of 7%, 10%, 11%, 28%, 17%, and 35% compared to Hybrid meta-heuristic, Extended particle swarm optimization, particle swarm optimization, Genetic Algorithm, Integer Linear Programming, and Hybrid Best-Fit, respectively. With growing workloads, the proposed approach can achieve monthly cost savings of €201.4 euro and CO2\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$$\\hbox {CO}_2$$\\end{document} Savings of 460.92 lbs CO2\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$$\\hbox {CO}_2$$\\end{document}/month.

Analysis on the Problems and Countermeasures of Digital Live Streaming and Sales of Citrus in Meishan City

This article mainly studies the problems and countermeasures of digital live streaming of citrus in Meishan City. By analyzing the current situation of citrus resources and government support for agricultural products in Meishan City, this paper explores the development status of digital live streaming and sales of citrus in Meishan City. At the same time, through the analysis of the survey and statistics on digital live streaming sales of citrus in Meishan City through a questionnaire survey, the existing problems were revealed, including low visibility, uneven live streaming content and quality, and imperfect after-sales service. In response to the existing problems, this article proposes corresponding countermeasures and suggestions from aspects such as brand image, infrastructure construction, after-sales service, and digital marketing.

The Effects of Corn Silage and Sunflower Silage and Their Mixtures at Different Levels on the Fattening Performance of Kıvırcık Lambs

Maize silage is widely used in the nutrition of ruminants worldwide. Nevertheless, maize is expensive and difficult to grow in cold and arid climates. To investigate the effects of feeding pure maize silage and different mixtures of maize and sunflower silages on the fattening performance of lambs. In the study, 40 Kıvırcık male lambs aged 2.5-3 months and with an average live weight of 23-25 kg were used as the animal material. The experiment was carried out for 56 days in a semi-open barn. In accordance with the experimental design, animals were divided into 5 different silage groups (100 maize silage, 75 maize silage+25 sunflower silage, 50 maize silage+50 sunflower silage, 25 maize silage+75 sunflower silage, 100% sunflower silage), so that there would be 8 lambs in each group. The lambs were housed in individual compartments during the experiment and fed individually. Silages were given ad libitum, and additional 700, 900, and 1,400 g concentrated feed was given daily between the 0th and 21st, 21st and 42nd, and 42nd and 56th days, respectively. During the fattening period, the values of live weight, daily live weight gain, feed consumption, and feed conversion ratio were determined. The differences among the live weight values of different silage groups during the trial period were found to be not significant (p>0.05), and the values obtained at the end of 8 weeks varied between 35.94 and 37.44 kg. The silage consumption of lambs fed different silage types showed significant differences (p

Potential of a novel marine microalgae Dunaliella sp. MASCC-0014 as feed supplements for sustainable aquaculture

Microalgae, as live feed organisms in aquatic ecosystems, play a crucial role in enhancing water quality by providing oxygen and nutrients. The accumulation of heavy metals in microalgae, however, can pose significant threats to environmental sustainability and human health. In this study, we focused on the marine microalgae Dunaliella sp. MASCC-0014, which exhibited resilience to a wide range of salinities from 0.5 to 4.5 M NaCl, with optimal growth at 0.5 M NaCl. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that MASCC-0014 is closely related to Dunaliella salina CCAP 19/25. Biosorption assay indicated that MASCC-0014 had limited capacity to absorb cadmium, cobalt, and nickel from the liquid medium, while Dunaliella salina CCAP 19/18, Dunaliella tertiolecta FACHB-821 and Dunaliella bardawil FACHB-847 showed varied degrees of cadmium biosorption. When exposed to cadmium stress, MASCC-0014 exhibited suppressed growth and increased activities of catalase (CAT) and peroxidase (POD), suggesting cadmium still triggered cellular responses in MASCC-0014. Furthermore, MASCC-0014 displayed reduced chlorophyll content per cell but increased biomass in warmer conditions, indicating its preference of tropical water over temperate water. This unique microalga strain, which is rich in protein but with limited heavy metal biosorption capabilities, shows promise as a sustainable feed source in aquaculture. The findings in this study offer valuable insights into mitigating the risks of heavy metal enrichment in the food chain through algae-based feeds.

Content Adaptation in Online Streaming: How Streamers Utilize Game Updates to Improve Performance

Content Adaptation in Online Streaming: How Streamers Utilize Game Updates to Improve Performance

Do Frequent Lactation Periods in Laboratory Rat Colonies Have a Negative Effect on Mothers' Care and Feeding of Themselves and Their Offspring?

Laboratory rats are the second most preferred mammal species in experimental research. Do the frequent lactation periods of the female rats used in production in this study negatively affect the care of the offspring and themselves? For this purpose, the care of mother rats from a conventional outbred Wistar Albino rat colony for themselves and their offspring was monitored in two consecutive lactation periods. Mother rats successfully raised all their offspring in two lactation periods, mothers spent 85% of their daily life in the early phase of the two lactation periods (Post Natal-PN 1-8 days), 60% of their daily life in the mid-lactation phase (PN 9-18 days) and 60% of their daily life in the late lactation phase (PN 19-23 days) have been found to spend 30% of their daily lives with their offspring. While there was a significant difference in terms of the times that mother rats were with their babies in the early, middle, and late stages of the lactation period, the time they were separated from their babies and the frequency of separation (p< .001), no significant difference was found when the same stages of the two lactation periods were compared with each other (p> .05). Live weight change, feed consumption, and water consumption changes of mother rats in two lactation periods were compared and no significant difference was found. It was concluded that there was no negative effect on the care of mother rats and their offspring during frequent lactation periods.

Influence of different levels of black soldier fly larvae meal on growth performance and carcass quality of broiler chickens

A study was conducted to examine the impact of two inclusion levels of Black soldier fly larvae meal (BSFLM) replacing soybean meal on growth performance, nutrient utilization, carcass characteristics and meat quality of broilers. Three experimental diets based on corn-soybean meal were developed to contain 0 (control), 6 (BSF 6) and 12% (BSF 12) BSFLMfor both starter and grower phases. Each experimental diet was randomly allotted to six replicate pens (eight birds per pen). The birds were offered starter pellets from 0 to 14 day post-hatch and grower pellets from 15 to 28 day post-hatch. The experimental diets were tested for pellet durability index (PDI). There was an interaction between diet and growth phase (P < 0.001) for pellet durability index where starter diets had always a higher PDI than the grower diets, but the difference was greater for control diet than BSF 6 and BSF 12 diets. Apparent metabolizable energy (AME) of diets and coefficients of apparent ileal digestibility (CAID) of nutrients were measured on day 28 using titanium dioxide marker ratios in the diet and excreta/ileal digesta. On day 28, the weights of live body, carcass, fat pad, breast and gizzard were recorded, and then breast meat quality (meat pH, drip loss and cooking loss) was examined. Inclusion of BSFLM of up to 12 % did not reduce live weight gain or feed intake. Live weight and carcass weight were heavier in broilers fed 12 % BSFLM than controls (P < 0.02), but were not different than those fed 6 %, while controls were not different than those fed 6 %. Breast weight (percentage live weight) was lower in birds offered 12 % BSFL than in others (P < 0.04). No differences were observed between diets for the percentage weight as carcass, fat, pad and gizzard. The AME and AMEc of diets were the highest in broilers fed 6 % BSFLM diet (P < 0.005), but there were no differences between controls and those fed 12 % BSFLM. The CAID of DM, ash and N in birds fed 6 % BSFLM were greater than (P < 0.03) birds fed 12 %, but were not different than controls, which were also not different than those fed 12 %. Broiler breast meat quality was unaffected by dietary treatments. In conclusion, BSFLM at 12 % can be used effectively as a SBM replacement in starter and grower diets, without affecting the growth performance, nutrient utilization, carcass characteristics and meat quality of broiler chickens.

Impact of Silver Nanoparticles (Ag-NPs) as a Dietary Supplement on Growth Performance, Carcass Traits, Blood Metabolites, Digestive Enzymes, and Cecal Microbiota of Growing Rabbits

Abstract The present study investigated the impact of silver nanoparticles (Ag-NPs) on growth performance, carcass traits, liver and kidney functions, immunity and antioxidant indicators, digestive enzymes, and cecum bacteriology of growing rabbits. One hundred 5-week-old New Zealand White (NZW) male rabbits were randomly divided into 5 equal groups and fed for 8 weeks on the basal diet only or on the basal diet supplemented with different levels of Ag-NPs (0.25, 0.50, 0.75, or 1.00 mg/kg diet). Animals in each group were randomly distributed in 10 cages (replicates), with two rabbits each. Different dietary concentrations of Ag-NPs significantly increased live body weight (LBW) and feed conversion ratio (FCR). Also, body weight gain (BWG) increased dramatically during all experimental periods except 11–13 weeks of age. Levels of 0.25 and 1 mg of Ag-NPs/kg diet showed the highest increase in LBW, BWG, and FCR. All studied carcass traits, except liver %, were not affected by Ag-NPs levels. Rabbits fed diet supplemented with 1 mg Ag-NPs had the highest liver %. Serum total protein, albumin, and globulin levels were increased (P&lt;0.05) in groups treated with 0.25 and 0.75 mg Ag-NPs. In contrast, serum values of aspartate transaminase (AST) and alanine transaminase (ALT), urea and creatinine were significantly reduced with the supplementation of Ag-NPs up to 0.75 mg/kg diet. The immunoglobulins M, G, and A (IgM, IgG, and IgA), complement 3 (C3) and lysozyme activity were improved with the inclusion of nano-silver in the rabbit feeds, particularly at the level of 0.25 mg Ag-NPs/kg feed. The inclusion of Ag-NPs in rabbit diets at different concentrations increased the total antioxidant capacity and the activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase. Growing rabbits fed on diets supplemented with Ag-NPs had higher levels of digestive enzymes than the control group. The addition of Ag-NPs reduced the load of E. coli, Salmonella spp. and coliform in the rabbit cecum. Overall, the inclusion of 0.25–1 mg Ag-NPs/kg to NZW rabbit diets has shown beneficial effects on health and performance.

The Thematic Representation of Female Composers in Classical Music on Streaming Platforms

Women have been increasingly fighting for their rights and equality in Society. Historically, in the 18th century, women’s musical education was considered a distraction and participation in family events, but professional engagement was not deemed acceptable. Given this context, questions arose about the existence of female classical music composers and whether their works are present on current music streaming platforms. Based on this, the study aimed to investigate how these composers are thematically represented on these platforms. Methodologically, the study is qualitative and exploratory, employing case study methods. The search terms used were “woman” and “classical music” along with the composers' names. The criterion for selecting composers was that they belonged to the 18th, 19th, and 20th centuries, as many male composers achieved enduring success during this period. The selected composers were Maria Anna Mozart, Fanny Mendelssohn, Clara Schumann, Chiquinha Gonzaga, and Alma Mahler-Werfel. The chosen platforms were Spotify, Amazon Music, Deezer, and Apple Music. The research demonstrated a scarcity of historical records about the analyzed composers’ lives. They were often compelled to abandon music due to family obligations, which contributed to the limited availability of their music on the platform.

Determining factors of university students' binge-watching attitudes

Binge-watching (BW), defined as watching multiple episodes of a series or program in a single sitting, is recognized as a new and widespread form of viewing, especially with online streaming services. This study investigates the factors determining university students' binge-watching attitudes and the relationship of these factors with demographic characteristics. Data were collected using a survey adapted from the "Watching TV Series Motives Questionnaire (WTSMQ)" and the "Binge-Watching Engagement and Symptoms Questionnaire (BWESQ)" developed by Flayelle and colleagues (2019). The survey was conducted online with the participation of 636 university students to evaluate participants' motivations for watching internet series, their BW attitudes, and the relationship of these behaviors with demographic factors such as age, gender, and education level. The results demonstrate that students' BW behavior is strongly associated with positive motivations such as ease of access, entertainment, and social interaction. Specifically, a significant positive correlation between entertainment motivation and BW behavior was found (r = .240, p > .01). Additionally, it was determined that female students exhibit significantly higher BW behavior compared to male students, and BW attitudes/behaviors decrease with increasing age and education level. Participants who have never worked show more BW behavior compared to those who have worked or are currently working.

Integration of LLM in Expiration Date Scanning for Visually Impaired People

In this study, the authors explore an approach to detect expiration dates of food products using a live feed stream and the integration with Large Language Models in order to improve accessibility for visually impaired people. The main objective is to enhance their capacity to engage in common tasks like grocery shopping autonomously. The novelty of this research lies in employing Meta LLAMA 2, a large language model, and experimenting with both traditional and a new OCR solution to find the expiration date using image processing. This approach offers audio information about whether the product has expired or when it will expire, helping in shopping and product recognition for visually challenged customers. The proposed solution consists of optical character recognition, mainly the EasyOCR library, fine-tuned on cropped images containing only the expiration dates and a validation phase that filters and checks the extracted data.

Generalizable Error Modeling for Human Data Annotation: Evidence From an Industry-Scale Search Data Annotation Program

Machine learning (ML) and artificial intelligence (AI) systems rely heavily on human-annotated data for training and evaluation. A major challenge in this context is the occurrence of annotation errors, as their effects can degrade model performance. This paper presents a predictive error model trained to detect potential errors in search relevance annotation tasks for three industry-scale ML applications (music streaming, video streaming, and mobile apps). Drawing on data from an extensive search relevance annotation program, we demonstrate that errors can be predicted with moderate model performance (AUC=0.65-0.75) and that model performance generalizes well across applications (i.e., a global, task-agnostic model performs on par with task-specific models). In contrast to past research, which has often focused on predicting annotation labels from task-specific features, our model is trained to predict errors directly from a combination of task features and behavioral features derived from the annotation process, in order to achieve a high degree of generalizability. We demonstrate the usefulness of the model in the context of auditing, where prioritizing tasks with high predicted error probabilities considerably increases the amount of corrected annotation errors (e.g., 40% efficiency gains for the music streaming application). These results highlight that behavioral error detection models can yield considerable improvements in the efficiency and quality of data annotation processes. Our findings reveal critical insights into effective error management in the data annotation process, thereby contributing to the broader field of human-in-the-loop ML.

The Seesaw Effect: How Unregulated Negotiations Undermine Regulated Prices in the Market for Music Streaming

Spotify, Pandora, and other firms that stream copyrighted music must acquire a variety of copyright permissions in order to legally stream even a single song. Federal law regulates the price charged for some of those necessary licenses, but other equally necessary licenses are sold in the unregulated market. This causes a seesaw effect where government efforts to raise or lower rates are blunted, or even fully reversed, by responsive private negotiations. In essence, in the hope of achieving one or another policy aim, the government dramatically orders a reduction in the price of right shoes, only to see the unregulated price of left shoes move correspondingly higher in return. In this Article, I consider the degree to which this largely ignored seesaw undermines the public policy stories that scholars, government officials, and industry stakeholders tell about the regulation of music streaming. Those stories turn out to be significantly incomplete, because the regulatory infrastructure is likewise significantly incomplete.

The potential utilization of a zooplankton community as a live feed in ecological shrimp ponds in Ca Mau province, Vietnam

Abstract Although aquatic larvae need natural food, relevant sources in the food web have not been extensively researched and used in aquaculture. The zooplankton community at the ecological black tiger shrimp (Penaeus monodon) ponds in the Ca Mau mangrove forest in Vietnam was studied for its potential as a natural food source in these and other, similar ecosystems (fish ponds, mollusc ponds). This study examined eight ecologically distinct shrimp ponds in the dry, transitional, and rainy seasons. Thirty-seven zooplankton species from 31 genera, 19 families, and 4 phyla were identified in these shrimp ponds. The zooplankton density was 1167-53 330 individuals/m3 with over half the species and density being copepods. Five Copepoda species were common and of high population density, including Limnoithona sinensis, Thermocyclops hyalinus, Tropocyclops prasinus, Eodiaptomus japonicus, and Euaugaptilus elongatus. This natural food can feed shrimp larvae and adults and thereby supply high quality nutrients for their development. However, the pond’s zooplankton was lacking in diversity. Thus, providing natural nutrients to the pond may increase zooplankton diversity and facilitate sustainable aquaculture.

Mumbai to Dubai: Promotional strategies and the celluloid journey of Bollywood films to the UAE

In recent years, the cinematic migration of Bollywood films from Mumbai to Dubai has captivated attention, prompting a focused investigation. This study aims to scrutinize the promotional strategies used in distributing Bollywood films in the United Arab Emirates (UAE) through meticulous analysis of questionnaire responses. Executing an extensive survey for UAE moviegoers and industry professionals, the research seeks quantitative data on the efficacy of diverse promotional strategies. The study underscores the importance of cultural variables in Bollywood-UAE film promotion, examining cultural similarities between India and the UAE, portraying UAE culture in Bollywood films, and using cultural festivals for marketing. Economic factors driving this collaboration, including box office success, coproductions, and the impact of Bollywood tourism on the UAE economy, are systematically analyzed. The study explores technological advancements in film promotion—social media, internet streaming, and virtual reality—and their impact on the relationship between Bollywood and the UAE. The survey investigates audience preferences, advertising impacts, and awareness levels by examining specific advertising tactics in the UAE, such as premieres, endorsements, tours, and participation in festivals and award shows. In addition to providing a comprehensive understanding of the promotional environment, the questionnaire data analysis identifies trends influencing the trajectory of Bollywood films in the UAE, offering empirical support to film studies and marketing. The hypothesis is tested on the Chi-square, Pearson Correlation, and Mann‒Whitney. The research’s conclusions contribute to understanding the globalization of the Bollywood film industry, guiding producers, marketers, and researchers in cross-cultural film promotion and global industry partnerships.

Measuring emotions to classify songs: The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on music streaming data

Data from music streaming has gained increasing attention since it allowsstudying music preferences across diverse cultures and different periods of time.Indeed, the study of “music and emotion” is crucial for understanding the psychologicalrelationship between human sentiments and music. The temporal studyof musical emotions provides beneficial insights into the analysis of the mood oflisteners during periods of particular relevance and stress (e.g., the COVID-19pandemic). This study performs music streaming data analysis to retrieve themusical emotions of the top Italian streamed songs during the pandemic. To thisend, we propose two new indices for measuring anger and joy in songs. We suggesta procedure for clustering music streaming data: the DISTATIS procedureand Partitioning Around Medoids (PAM) clustering algorithm are sequentiallyapplied to identify intervals of time sharing similar sentiments. Finally, we employthe proposed procedure to investigate the relationship between the evolutionof the pandemic spread and sentiments extracted from songs. The results show that music streaming data analysis allow identifying fiveclusters of time intervals sharing similar sentiments,

Impacts of AI on Music Consumption and Fairness

The algorithmic systems utilized by music streaming services have the potential to positively influence individual choices by promoting new artists, but they are also often accused of perpetuating biases. In this research note, we aim to explore the impact of these platforms’ AI-based algorithms on fairness in music consumption. To address this question, we adopt a multidimensional approach that considers the legal, economic, and algorithmic dimensions of fairness. This approach is applied to our EU Horizon Europe Fair MusE project, which advocates for a fairer music ecosystem. However, it should be noted that we propose a tool to score output (playlists) based on fairness models instead of directly altering the algorithms. Data from end users, data brokers, and open-source databases will inform the model, while the processing of the data is aimed at providing users with insights into algorithmic biases and empower them to influence the output. Acknowledging this aspect, this research note serves as a prelude to highlight the need for increased transparency and explainability of algorithms. Furthermore, we seek to inform policy interventions that promote fairness, particularly regarding data sharing between creators and platform providers. Such interventions would foster trust among stakeholders and benefit both users and businesses.

Nematodes Can Substitute Artemia in a Co-Feeding Regime for Pacific White Shrimp Post-Larvae Reared in a Biofloc Nursery System.

This study evaluated nematodes as an alternative to live Artemia when provided in a co-feeding regime to Pacific white shrimp (Penaeus vannamei) post-larvae (PL) reared in a biofloc nursery system. A 20-day experiment employing PL11 was performed for an evaluation of four dietary groups: control [C] (fed exclusively with a dry commercial feed); artificial Artemia [AA] (dry feed composed of extracted and processed Artemia cysts and dry commercial feed); live Artemia and dry commercial feed [LA]; and nematodes and dry commercial feed [N] (Panagrolaimus sp. dry nematodes). The diets were provided twice a day, with the remaining six feed provisions being a commercial dry feed for all experimental groups. A biofloc system was chosen as it offers a potentially sustainable approach to intensive shrimp farming. Alkalinity and pH in the [N] group were significantly higher in the last 5 days of the experiment (p < 0.05), likely causing the significantly lower nitrite levels observed in that same group (p < 0.05). Total and volatile suspended solids were significantly lower in the two live feed groups when compared with [C] and [AA] (p < 0.05). Although PL fed the dry diets exhibited higher growth rates (p < 0.05), the [N] and [LA] groups presented significantly higher final survivals (p < 0.05). No differences were found for survival after a salinity stress test (p ≥ 0.05). These results suggest that nematodes can successfully substitute Artemia in a co-feeding regime for P. vannamei PL reared in biofloc nursery systems.

367 Changing the conversation: Evaluating feedyard closeouts and the beef system on a carcass basis

Abstract Beef cattle genetics, management, technologies and nutritional strategies are ever evolving, and current US trends favor feeding cattle to heavier carcass endpoints and optimizing quality grade. The average number of days on feed (DOF) in the US has increased year after year, averaging 195 and 183 DOF for steers and heifers, respectively, as reported by Elanco Benchmark data in 2021. As DOF increase, cattle live performance, including average daily gain and feed efficiency decline; however, hot carcass weight (HCW) becomes significantly heavier. Although a reduction in live feed conversion occurs as cattle are fed for extended DOF, the kilograms of additional live gain that result as kilograms of gain on the carcass, termed carcass transfer, increase linearly. As DOF are extended, carcass transfer has been reported to increase up to 88 %. As a result of genetic advancements, technologies, and feeding longer, HCW has trended heavier over the last 60 yr, with 2024 USDA HCW reported for April as 11.3 and 9.5 kg heavier for steers and heifers, respectively, year after year. According to mandatory price reporting data, approximately 74 % of fat cattle marketed in the US are sold as dressed beef. As we continue to feed to heavier endpoints and longer DOF, the profitability of selling on a carcass-basis increases. With the increase in carcass transfer as DOF extend, this presentation will attempt to address that cattle live performance should be adjusted to a carcass-basis for feedyards to appropriately capture the inflection point at which cost of additional gain equals the price received for the additional gain.

Music in Care (MIC) by Nurses: Initial Validation of a Questionnaire to Characterize Nurses' Attitudes and Feasibility of Implementation on the Use of Music in Patient Care.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to characterize nurses' attitudes toward music and implementation of music into patient care and to characterize barriers and facilitators toward the implementation of music into patient care. Design: A cross-sectional, quantitative, web-based questionnaire with minor qualitative elements. Methods: The questionnaire contained both open- and closed-ended questions. It was developed in Qualtrics and sent via email to nurses working on inpatient units at an academic medical center hospital in the southeastern United States. Findings: A total of 348 nurses responded to the questionnaire. Eighty-nine percent of nurses reported having used music in their care. The methods of implementation most employed by nurses were streaming (90%) or encouraging a patient to play music on the patient's personal device (76.8%). Eighty-eight percent of nurses reported that access to music streaming services (e.g., Spotify) would be very helpful or extremely helpful. In response to the open-ended questions, nurses indicated a lack of equipment as the primary barrier to implementing music in care. Conclusion: Nurses reported having a positive attitude toward the use of music, strongly endorsing its utility in patient care. Although most nurses reported implementing music, many nurses reported barriers and facilitators to the implementation of music in patient care.