Mushroom Diversity Research Articles

Temitomyces heimii– A Nutritious and Medicinally Important Wild Edible Mushroom of Similipal Forests, Odisha Boosting Tribal Health and Economy

Mushrooms are consumed worldwide because of their nutritional, medicinal values as well as pleasant taste and flavour. Wild edible mushrooms are source of livelihood for poor and landless people which they consume and sell the surplus mushrooms in the nearby market. Many people are not aware about the edibility of wild mushrooms which are generally confined to the tribal areas. However, tribals are aware of the edible mushrooms due to their age-old traditional uses and fond of hunting mushrooms during rainy season. The present paper deals with availability, collection, consumption pattern of wild edible mushrooms by tribals communities, along with preservation and economical contribution of Termitomyces heimii, a popular wild edible mushrooms profusely growing during rainy season of the Similipal, state of Odisha, India.
 Similipal has a greater diversity of mushrooms throughout the length and breadth due to its varying soil and climate conditions. T. heimii collected the tribal people from near forest area in 4-5 different times in huge quantities during July to October. It partly consumed and rest of the mushroom are sold in the market at a price of Rupees 300/- to 400/-. Termitomyces were more frequently available in Sal (Shorea robusta) forests. Many traders visit forest fringe villages and collect this mushroom from local collector’s and sell it in the marker with profit. Due to its taste, the mushroom has got very high demand in this locality that, it is sold within 5-6 hours after reaching to market. It is assessed that mushrooms worth 14 lakhs are sold in Baripada alone a nearly town of Similipal. The valuation T. heimii alone made by the authors during the field assessment showed that, the entire of Similipal is contributing economically nearly 1.2 crore value of mushrooms as contribution towards livelihood of tribal people. In interior areas tribal people preserve the mushrooms after drying it and consume later during after the season is end. During the study, a survey was conducted in villages adjoining to the forests and local markets to assess the quantities of mushrooms collected from forest and the value of selling valve on the market. Exercise was conducted to know the traditional preservation practice of this mushroom by tribals. From the present investigation, it is concluded that T. heimii is an important wild edible mushroom from Similipal which provides, nutrition and economic boost to the tribals in Similipal region. This promising species can be explored for its domestication in view of its preferred food value as well as a livelihood support of the rural poor people.

ESTIMATION OF CHEMICAL COMPRISE AND ANTIOXIDANTS IN EDIBLE WILD MUSHROOMS

Edible wild mushrooms represent a valuable food source due to their high content of protein, fiber, vitamins, and low levels of fat, as well as their bioactive compounds, including phenolic compounds with antioxidant properties. Mushrooms have long been prominent in medicine because they contain a considerable number of bioactive compounds to promote good health and prevent certain diseases. It is estimated that around 6% of this activity present in species has been studied worldwide. There is a diversity of mushrooms that can be used for the development of food quality products; therefore, it is of utmost importance to give priority to research that reveals information about these properties and health benefits. The objective of this article is to summarize the diversity of research, as well as recent information on this study and its development, with emphasis on the existing properties of edible wild mushrooms for their utilization.

Diversity of Mushrooms and Evaluation of Biochemical Properties of Selected Edible Mushrooms in Pallikkal Village, Malappuram District, Kerala

The study was carried out to document the mushrooms in Pallikkal village, Malappuram, Kerala and to analyse the preliminary phytochemical and biochemical constituents of Agaricus bisporus, Pleurotus ostreatus and Lentinus squarrosulus. The qualitative phytochemical analysis in methanolic extract was carried out to screen the presence of primary and secondary metabolites using the standard procedures. The edible mushrooms of Agaricus bisporus, Pleurotus ostreatus and Lentinus squarrosulus were performed to determine the total amount of carbohydrate, protein and phenol present in the fruiting bodies. In methanolic extract the phytochemical analysis results revealed the presence of carbohydrate, protein, phenol, tannin, flavonoids, terpenoids, glycosides and steroids and the highest amount of carbohydrate (326.07 mg/g), protein (309.2 mg/g) and phenol (37.33 mg/g) were present in Agaricus bisporous. Keywords: Biochemical analysis, Mushroom, Phytochemical constituents, Documentation

Eksplorasi Jamur Di Desa Kedung Pacul, Klaten dan Potensi Pemanfaatannya

Kedung Pacul, Gondangsari Village is one of the villages in Klaten Regency whose regional vegetation consists of trees, and shrubs. The shaded vegetation conditions are very suitable for overgrown mushroom. However, there is currently no record of macrofungal exploration in the village and its potential utilization. This study aims to explore mushroom in Kedung Pacul, Gondangsari Village and present the characteristics of macrofungi. The study used purposive sampling method covering roadsides, gardens, and around the house yard. Mushroom then performed macroscopic characteristics with some literature. The results of the research have found as many as 27 species including Schizophyllum commune, Pycnoporus cinnabarinus, Lentinus sp1., Neofavolus sp., Trametes sp., Tyromyces sp., Entoloma sp., Gymnopilus sp., Cyathus sp., Lentinus sajor-caju, Daldinia sp., Parasola sp., Lentinus arcularis, Leucoagaricus sp., Phallus indusiatus, Coprinus sp., Coprinellus sp., Lentinus sp2, Xylaria sp., Tremellodendron sp., Chlorophyllum sp., Leucocoprinus sp1, Leucocoprinus sp2, Termitomyces sp., Agaricus trisulphuratus, Chlorophyllum molybdites, and Agaricus sp. Several species are known to have potential as food, medicine, and cosmetics. This article is the first report on the exploration of mushroom diversity in Kedung Pacul, Gondangsari Village, Klaten Regency. Mushroom exploration efforts are still needed in the Gondangsari Village area and Klaten Regency..

Https://gmsmushrooms.org/: A comprehensive Online Database of Mushrooms in the Greater Mekong Sub Region

The Greater Mekong Sub-region (GMS) is a global biodiversity hotspot and habitat for many ecologically and economically important mushrooms species. The diversity of mushrooms in the GMS has been studied and published in different journals, and many have been documented from different countries in the GMS region but data remain mostly fragmented. A comprehensive website, https://gmsmushrooms.org/, was established to update the taxonomy, illustrations, descriptions and other useful information for mushroom species reported from the GMS into a single platform. The website is managed by expert mycologists who regularly update information as new macrofungi are introduced from the GMS.

Diversity and ethnomycological importance of mushrooms from Western Himalayas, Kashmir

BackgroundWild edible mushrooms (WEM) are economically significant and used in traditional medicines worldwide. The region of Jammu and Kashmir (Western Himalayas) is enriched with the diversity of edible mushrooms, collected by the rural people for food and income generation. This is the first detailed study on diversity and ethno-medicinal uses of mushrooms from the State of Jammu and Kashmir.MethodsConsecutive surveys were conducted to record ethnomycological diversity and socio-economic importance of wild edible mushrooms value chain in rural areas of Azad Jammu and Kashmir during 2015–2019. Ethnomycological data were collected with a semi-structured questionnaire having a set of questions on indigenous mycological knowledge and collection and retailing of wild edible mushrooms. A total of 923 informants from the study area provided the results identifying the gender, type of mushroom species, medicinal uses, and marketing of mushrooms. Diversity of mushrooms was studied by using quadrat and transect methods. Principal component analysis (PCA) and detrended correspondence analysis (DCA) were also applied to the dataset to analyse the relationship between species distribution, the underlying environmental factors, and habitat types. PCA identified the major species-specific to the sites and put them close to the sites of distribution.ResultsA total of 131 mushroom species were collected and identified during 2015–2019 from the study area. Ninety-seven species of mushrooms were reported new to the State of Azad Jammu and Kashmir. The dominant mushroom family was Russulaceae with 23 species followed by Agaricaceae, 16 species. Major mushroom species identified and grouped by the PCA were Coprinus comatus, Lactarius sanguifluus, Amanita fulva, Armillaria gallica, Lycoperdon perlatum, Lycoperdon pyriforme, and Russula creminicolor. Sparassis crispa, Pleurotus sp, and Laetiporus sulphureus were recorded most edible and medicinally significant fungi. Morels were also expensive and medicinally important among all harvested macro-fungal species. These were reported to use against common ailments and various health problems.ConclusionsCollection and retailing of WEM contribute to improving the socio-economic status, providing alternative employment and food security to rural people of the area. These mushrooms are used as a source of food and traditional medicines among the rural informants and could be used as a potential source of antibacterial and anticancer drugs in the future.

STUDY OF WILD EDIBLE MUSHROOMS FOR IMPROVING HUMAN HEALTH AND LIVELIHOODS SUPPORT IN BASTAR PLATEAU INDIA

Chhattisgarh state has the huge diversity of mushroom flora among which some are edible. Present study was conducted in Bastar Plateau during rainy season for naturally grown wild edible mushrooms. Mushroom have become attractive as a functional food and as a source for the development of drugs and nutraceuticals responsible with their antioxidant, antitumor and antimicrobial properties. Besides their pharmacological features, mushrooms are becoming more important in our diet due to their nutritional value, related to high protein and low fat. There are so many types of fungi are present in Bastar palateu Chhattisgarh. Wild edible mushrooms are collected by tribal peoples for their food as well as livelihood support. Mushrooms are used as food supplement in various cultures and known for their edibility and delicacy for which, they are collected from wild and also cultivated. Nutritionally, edible mushrooms provide essential nutrients and contribute significantly to human diet & helth. Mushrooms are not only sources of nutrients but also have been reported as therapeutic foods, useful in preventing diseases such as hypertension, hypercholesterolemia and cancer etc. 30 village of 6 Tehsil covered under survey and 50 tribal/ rural peoples were contacted from different study villages and different local markets for information about wild edible mushroom at their surrounding locality. Information on wild edible mushrooms was collected from forests of Bastar plateau, Chhattisgarh by visiting different sites in forest areas. Tribal people were contacted and informations recorded by personal interviews. 16 fleshy mushrooms were identified and collected from Bastar Plateau of Chhattisgarh state during the study especially in mansoon season in the year 2021, two species of Termitomyces and Russula were predominantly observed from most of the locality in study area. We observed that environmental factors like rainfall, light, temperature, nutrients and relative humidity etc. Greatly influence the growth and development of mushrooms in the study area. In nature, mushrooms grow wild in almost all types of soils, on decaying organic matter, wooden stumps, and termite comb especially in Bastar plateau due to presence of red lateritic soil etc. They appear in all seasons; however rains favor rapid growth when organic matter or its decomposition products are easily available. This preliminary study shows that the Bastar forests and soils are very rich in mushroom diversity during rainy season in year.

The species of Amanita mushroom at Haurbentes Research Forest, West Java

Ectomycorrhizal fungi play an important role in a forest ecosystem. The genus of Amanita is one of the common ectomycorrhizal fungi in the forest. The information on the diversity of Amanita in Indonesia is not properly organized. This is due to most of the prior publications were not equipped with basidiomata descriptions. The current research aimed to inventory the diversity of Amanita and provide a description of the basidiomata from the Haurbentes Research Forest, West Java. Macrofungi exploration was carried out by the opportunistic sampling method and identification of fungi based on morphological characters. A total of seven species of Amanita were successfully described and identified in this study : Amanita sp.1, Amanita sp.2 sect. Vaginatae, Amanita sp.3 sect. Vaginatae, Amanita cf. alboflavescens, Amanita cf. virginea, Amanita cf. fulva and Amanita cf. sychnopyramis.This report is the first information of Amanita in research site and adds to the record of mushroom diversity in Indonesia.

Feasibility of Flash Flipbook Media of Fungi Classification Based on the Fungi Inventory in Mount Pemangkat

This study aims to find out the feasibility of flash flipbook media based on the results of macroscopic fungi inventory found in the Mount Pemangkat Protected Forest, Sambas Regency. The form of research used is quantitative descriptive methods. The creation of flash flipbook media is enriched with the richness of local fungi found in the Protected Forest of Mount Pemangkat, Sambas Regency. Flash flipbook media is validated by five validators, including two lecturers of Biology Education Tanjungpura University and three high school teachers who were determined using purposive sampling techniques. Flipbook flash media validation sheets are assessed using the Likert scale and data analysis based on the Lawshe Formula (1975). Validation of flash flipbook media obtained a CVI (Content Validity Index) value of 0.94, so it is declared feasible and can then be used as a learning medium in the fungi classification sub-material and provide additional information about the diversity of mushrooms in the surrounding environment for students of class X high school.

Diversity and distribution of wild mushrooms in different forest areas of Bankura district, WB, India

Mushrooms are macroscopic fruit bodies of fungi; one of the most diverse groups of living organisms distributed all over the world. In recent past, they have gained significant scientific attention for their profound nutraceutical potentiality. The objective of the present study was to explore the diversity and ecological distribution of mushrooms in different forest areas of Bankura district. The study area includes intermittent dense forest and flood plains from middle-east to eastern part of Bankura district. However, this area received very little attention from a conservation perspective, and there is no such documentation on mushrooms of this area. The survey was conducted from August 2019 to October 2020 including vivid field surveys in the forest depots. The study has revealed a total of 53 identified mushroom species belonging to 40 genera and 30 families. The study has also identified 25 edible, 18 inedible and 15 medicinally potential mushrooms. The genus Russula and the family Russulaceae dominates the myco-population. The finding shows that this region is rich in macrofungal diversity complicatedly linked to the functioning of the local ecosystem. The present study opens new possibilities regarding the exploration and utilization of wild mushrooms in India.

Diversity and distribution of wild mushrooms in different forest areas of Bankura district, WB, India

Mushrooms are macroscopic fruit bodies of fungi; one of the most diverse groups of living organisms distributed all over the world. In recent past, they have gained significant scientific attention for their profound nutraceutical potentiality. The objective of the present study was to explore the diversity and ecological distribution of mushrooms in different forest areas of Bankura district. The study area includes intermittent dense forest and flood plains from middle-east to eastern part of Bankura district. However, this area received very little attention from a conservation perspective, and there is no such documentation on mushrooms of this area. The survey was conducted from August 2019 to October 2020 including vivid field surveys in the forest depots. The study has revealed a total of 53 identified mushroom species belonging to 40 genera and 30 families. The study has also identified 25 edible, 18 inedible and 15 medicinally potential mushrooms. The genus Russula and the family Russulaceae dominates the myco-population. The finding shows that this region is rich in macrofungal diversity complicatedly linked to the functioning of the local ecosystem. The present study opens new possibilities regarding the exploration and utilization of wild mushrooms in India.

Cyanoboletus macroporus (Boletaceae), a new bolete species from Pakistani forests Samina

<em>Cyanoboletus macroporus</em> belonging to <em>C. pulverulentus</em> species complex is designated as a new species from the moist temperate and sub-alpine oak forests of Pakistan after in depth macroscopic, microscopic and phylogenetic analyses using the ITS region of nrDNA as well as comparison with allied taxa. This species belonging to Boletoid group is morphologically distinguished from allied taxa (<em>Cyanoboletus flavosanguineus</em>, <em>C. hymenoglutinosus</em>, <em>C. pulverulentus</em>, <em>C. rainisii</em>, and <em>C. sinopulverulentus</em>) by wider openings of pores. <em>C. macroporus</em> is also phylogenetically distinct from <em>C. sinopulverulentus</em> and <em>C. pulverulentus</em>, the most closely related species. Phylogenetic analysis outlined the existence of previously unknown species of this genus. Field photographs of fresh basidocarps and line drawings of micro-characters are provided along with a phylogenetic tree as well as a comparison table and a key of distinctive features of all the species in this genus. This is the first authentic species belonging to <em>Cyanoboletus</em> from Pakistan. Previously, only <em>C. pulverulentus</em> has been mentioned in literature, but no morphological data is available regarding this report. With the addition of this taxon, species number of <em>Cyanoboletus</em> will increase to eight. From Pakistan, despite of the fact that there is great diversity of mushrooms in moist temperate areas (Yousaf et al. 2012), this is the first study that describes a species belonging to <em>Cyanoboletus</em> genus. Previously only one ambiguous species, <em>Cyanoboletus pulverulentus</em>, has been mentioned in literature (Iqbal & Khalid 1996), but with no available materials that could confirm this finding. In this study, <em>Cyanoboletus macroporus</em> is described as a new to science and increase the current species number of <em>Cyanoboletus</em> to eight.

Anthropological impacts determine the soil fungal distribution of Mediterranean oak stands

Quercus pyrenaica-dominated forests are very widely distributed in Mediterranean ecosystems. Traditional forest use, such as coppicing to obtain firewood or livestock grazing under silvopastoral systems, and the current social abandonment of the rural environment have given rise to forest structures of different ages and at different stages of development. Thus, on the one hand, there are large areas of Q. pyrenaica coppice systems that produce a large amount of biomass that have a very high risk of driving forest fires. On the other hand, dehesas, which have very low tree density and are composed of very old trees that are susceptible to different types of environmental stress and have serious regeneration problems and a weak phytosanitary status. In addition, previous studies have suggested that the production of economically valuable edible mushrooms is negatively impacted by silvicultural management. To determine the effects of land management on these ecosystems, we analyzed the soil fungal communities associated with coppice stands (i.e., high-density coppice), high forest stands (i.e., low-density coppice that received silvicultural management 15 years ago to reduce the risk of wildfire), and old stands (i.e., dehesas) to assess their potential ecological roles in their conservation and the diversity of edible mushrooms. We also analyzed the edaphic variables associated with these systems (carbon, pH and the carbon/nitrogen ratio) to understand the dynamics of these fungal communities. We observed two distinguishable communities: pathogen-, parasite-, and endophyte-dominated dehesas and saprotroph- and ectomycorrhizal (ECM)-dominated coppice stands, with a mixed composition in high forest stands. ECM fungi correlated with stand age and structure, showing higher richness levels in high forest stands, particularly ECM fungi with short hyphal exploration type. Finally, the influence of stand age and structure due to land management significantly affected the variety of some edible genera, such as Boletus, Tuber or Terfezia.

Wild Mushroom Diversity of Rairangpur Forest Division, Odisha, India & Its Medicinal Uses

Aims: Rairangpur forest division, Mayurbhanj, Odisha is a hub of diverse floral and faunal species. Apart from flora and fauna, it has a rich diversity of fungal species. The present study highlights the diversity of macro fungi with special reference to its medicinal and economic values available in Rairangpur Forest Division, Odisha.
 Place and Duration of Study: Field surveys were carried out at regular intervals (Pre monsoon and Post monsoon) in Rairangpur Forest Division during 2019-2020.
 Results: Mushroom samples were collected and then identified with the help of standard available literatures and books. 99 wild mushroom species belonging to 56 genera of 37 families were noted.
 Conclusion: It was found that 41 species were edible in which 15 mushrooms were consumed by different tribal communities in the study area. The rest species are poisonous or bitter in taste and further research on them could lead to isolate some bioactive compounds which could be a better preventive against many lethal diseases.

Mycophagy of White-Tailed Deer (Odocoileus virginianus Zimmermann) in the Boreal Forest

Mushrooms are a little known source of food for large herbivores, but are of high quality because of their high protein content and digestibility. Approximately 50 epigeous and hypogeous mushroom and lichen species have been identified in the diet of cervids so far using macro remains. Our main objective was to determine which mushroom species are consumed by white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus Zimmermann) using a molecular approach. We collected 114 fecal samples from deer harvested in 2014 and 2015 on Anticosti Island (Québec, Canada), extracted total DNA from feces, and amplified fungal DNA specifically via polymerase chain reaction. Amplified fungi DNA was then sequenced with the Illumina method to identify mushroom species consumed by deer. Our results revealed that deer harvested consumed up to 4979 fungal species, including 580 species that appeared to be consumed directly. Adults tended to consume a higher mushroom diversity than juveniles, and mushroom diversity consumed by deer was much higher in 2015 than 2014. Adult females consumed a higher mushroom diversity than males, especially lactating females. Our results contribute to the understanding of the role of mushrooms and their large diversity in white-tailed deer diet.

Species Listing of Macrofungi Found in Paracelis Mountain Province, Philippines

Mushrooms are an important natural source of food and medicine. In the Philippines, only a few studies have been conducted on the diversity of mushrooms especially in the mountainous areas. The present study was conducted to document the species of macrofungi found in Paracelis, Mountain Province. The knowledge gained from this study can reveal their importance to the community. A total of 37 macrofungi belonging to 16 families, 26 genera, and 29 species were collected and identified. Twenty nine of the collected macrofungi were identified up to its species level and eight were only identified at its genus level. The collected samples were subjected to morphological identification based on its macroscopic and microscopic characteristics. The identified macrofungi were: Auricularia auricula-judae, Conocybe arrhenii, Coprinellus disseminatus, Coprinus sp., Crepidotus mollis, Daldinia concentrica, Earliella scabrosa, Favolus acervatus, Fomes fomentarium, Ganoderma applanatum, Ganoderma fornicatum, Ganoderma lucidum, Hygrocybe sp., Irpex lacteus, Lentinus strigosus, Lenzites elegans, Lepiota lilacea, Lepiota sp., Marasmiellus ramealis, Microporus xanthopus, Mycena sp., Panellus mitis, Paneolus cyanescens, Parasola plicalitis, Psathyrella candolleana, Psathyrella sp., Russula sp. Schizophyllum commune, Trametes elegans, Trametes gibbosa, Trametes hirsuta, Trametes versicolor, Trametes sp. 1, Trametes sp. 2, and Xylaria papulis. Out of these macrofungi, four species were identified as edible, viz: Auricularia auricula, Lentinus strigosus, Coprinus disseminatu, and Schizophyllum commune.

Species Diversity of Mushrooms in Shinrye-ri, Jeju Island Based on DNA Analysis

본 연구는 염기서열 정보에 기반한 제주 신례리 지역의 버섯 종 다양성을 기록함으 로써 제주도 내 버섯 생태연구의 학술적 토대를 마련하고자 수행되었다. 조사는 제주 특별자치도 신례리 내에 위치한 이승악오름과 신례천변 숲길에서 2019년 3월부터 10 월까지 8개월간 수행되었으며, 형태학적 특징을 기반으로 한 형태적 동정과 핵 리보솜 ITS 구간의 염기서열을 분석하는 유전적 동정방법을 병행하여 수행하였다. 조사된 버섯은 총 36과 72속 93종으로 확인되었고, 발생 기질에 따라 목본 기질에서 발생한 버섯이 45종, 땅 위에 발생한 버섯이 43종으로 조사되었다. 목 별 발생 양상에서는 주름 버섯목이 47종으로 절반을 차지하였으며, 과 별 발생 양상에서는 무당버섯과가 9종으로 가장 많은 비중을 차지하였다. 본 연구에서 조사된 기후변화 생물지표종으로는 표고와 느타리가 있으며, 후보종으로는 노란개암버섯이 조사되었다. 그리고 국외 반출 승인 대상 생물자원 중에 본 연구에서 채집된 버섯은 37종으로 조사되었다. 전체 93종 중에 유전자분석을 통해 동정된 버섯은 44종이며, 이 중 10종의 버섯은 미국 국립생물 정보센터에 등록된 유전정보가 없었으며, 다른 10종의 버섯은 동정 결과 아직 국내에 보고된 바가 없었다.

Mushroom Diversity in the River Flow in the TAHURA Area of Palu City and its Utilization as a Learning Media

Mushroom Diversity in the River Flow in the TAHURA Area of Palu City and its Utilization as a Learning Media

Diversity in Mushrooms

This review paper present literature about the types and diversity of mushrooms which belong to a class of basidiomycetes of fungi. Mushrooms are spongy, fleshy, umbrella like structures which grow above the ground in dark and damp environment. The global production of mushrooms is 34 million tons out of which larger share is of china while in India Utter Pradesh is leading in mushroom production. Mushrooms had a history of being used as medicine and due to this, it is in high pharmaceutical demand now a days. Apart from edible and medicinal mushrooms which have high nutrient value there are mushrooms which are toxic in nature and are not safe for consumption.

Potential forage plants for snow sheep (Ovis nivicola Eschscholtz) in the Polar Urals within the Yamal‑Nenets Autonomous District (Russia)

An examination of potential forage resources for snow sheep, or Siberian bighorn sheep (Ovis nivicola Eschscholtz, 1829) in the Polar Urals, where the introduction of these animals from their natural habitats in Northeastern Yakutia is planned, was carried out at the initiative of the Governor of the Yamalo‑Nenets Autonomous District (Russian Federation). The mountain ranges of the Polar Urals have a high degree of similarity with the natural conditions prevailing within the area of the snow sheep, but in the historical past these ungulates were not recorded in the Polar Urals. Therefore, this experiment aimed at expanding the distribution area of snow sheep will involve some risks. In addition to other aspects of introduction, one of the most important is the sufficiency and compliance of the forage base in the new natural area to the snow sheep requirements. This issue is discussed in this publication. According to our observations and literature data, the diet of snow sheep in natural habitats includes 290 species of vascular plants, 21 species of mosses, 20 species of lichens, representatives of 6 genera of cap mushrooms. However, vascular plants, bushy lichens, and seasonal fungi, play the main role in the diet of snow sheep. Forage species of vascular plants belong to almost all of the Boreal region’s families that dominate in terms of diversity, i.e., Poaceae, Cyperaceae, Salicaceae, Betulaceae, Polygonaceae, Caryophyllaceae, Ranunculaceae, Brassicaceae, Rosaceae, Fabaceae, Ericaceae, and Asteraceae. In fact, the snow sheep consume almost the entire range of plants growing within its habitat to one degree or another. This makes it possible to assume that in the Polar Urals, snow sheep will widely use the substituting species which are closely related to the known forage plants. The known food ration of snow sheep in the Polar Urals includes 157 species of vascular plants, 13 species and representatives of 5 genera of leaf‑stem mosses, more than 20 species of ground lichens, representatives of 3 genera (11 species in total) of epiphytic lichens and 6 genera of fungi. In addition, it is predicted that among the replacement plant species distributed in the Polar Urals, the potential forage resources for these animals will include 166 species of vascular plants, a significant part (up to 99 species) of the 358 known species leaf‑stem mosses, and more than 40 species of lichens. The frequency of occurrence and diversity of cap mushrooms in the Polar Urals is high, and can have a positive effect on the feeding of animals in summer and autumn.