Museum Community Research Articles

APLIKASI TEKNOLOGI AUGMENTED REALITY DALAM KONSERVASI SITUS WARISAN BUDAYA DAN MITIGASI BENCANA GUNUNG GALUNGGUNG JAWA BARAT INDONESIA

The name Galunggung is very well known to the people of Indonesia as the name of the mountain and the name of an Old Sundanese Manuscript. The ancient manuscript of Amanat Galunggung is a manuscript written in the 16th century and contains the teachings of life or local genius of the Sukapura or Tasikmalaya people. Mount Galunggung has experienced several eruptions from 1822 to 1983. The eruption of Mount Galunggung has had a catastrophic impact on the community and provided long term benefits for improving the soil fertility around the Mount Galunggung site such as the Indihiang site. Various disasters that have occurred due to volcanic eruptions in various regions have become a source of learning for the community to mitigate disasters from an early age. This research uses qualitative methods and digital augmented reality techniques. Augmented Reality can be used in visualizing and simulating mountain sites or other cultural heritage sites. The results of this study recommend the application of Augmented Realty technology in the conservation of cultural heritage sites and disaster mitigation as well as the planning program for the nomination of mountain sites in Indonesia for UNESCO’s world cultural heritage by the Indonesian government. Various efforts to develop site conservation with digital 4.0 technology and assistance for local communities involving universities, local governments, museum communities and the cultural arts tourism industry. The use of Augmented Reality can be useful for increasing understanding and learning experiences about cultural sites and heritage in tertiary, primary and secondary education.

APLIKASI TEKNOLOGI AUGMENTED REALITY DALAM KONSERVASI SITUS WARISAN BUDAYA DAN MITIGASI BENCANA GUNUNG GALUNGGUNG JAWA BARAT INDONESIA

The name Galunggung is very well known to the people of Indonesia as the name of the mountain and the name of an Old Sundanese Manuscript. The ancient manuscript of Amanat Galunggung is a manuscript written in the 16th century and contains the teachings of life or local genius of the Sukapura or Tasikmalaya people. Mount Galunggung has experienced several eruptions from 1822 to 1983. The eruption of Mount Galunggung has had a catastrophic impact on the community and provided long term benefits for improving the soil fertility around the Mount Galunggung site such as the Indihiang site. Various disasters that have occurred due to volcanic eruptions in various regions have become a source of learning for the community to mitigate disasters from an early age. This research uses qualitative methods and digital augmented reality techniques. Augmented Reality can be used in visualizing and simulating mountain sites or other cultural heritage sites. The results of this study recommend the application of Augmented Realty technology in the conservation of cultural heritage sites and disaster mitigation as well as the planning program for the nomination of mountain sites in Indonesia for UNESCO’s world cultural heritage by the Indonesian government. Various efforts to develop site conservation with digital 4.0 technology and assistance for local communities involving universities, local governments, museum communities and the cultural arts tourism industry. The use of Augmented Reality can be useful for increasing understanding and learning experiences about cultural sites and heritage in tertiary, primary and secondary education.

Specifics of University Museum Cooperation in Ukraine

The article discusses cooperation between university museums in Ukraine, with particular attention to the structure and operation of museum networks at different levels. At the institutional level, network ideology is manifested in the formation of museum complexes within universities. This type of close coordination makes it possible to directly influence the development strategy of universities, expands opportunities for creating innovative museum product, strengthens the position of museums within universities, and helps to draw the residents and guests of the city into the museum space. At the regional level, museum unions, based on the territorial or specialization principle, help to improve the professional skills of museum staff and protect their rights. They are also involved in the organization of community events (exhibitions, contests) and make museums more open and attractive to different categories of visitors. At present, we are witnessing the gradual development of museum associations in Ukraine, at the level of both individual universities (the museum complex of the V. N. Karazin Kharkiv National University) and cities or regions (Association of University Museum Workers of Kharkiv). At the same time, Ukraine still needs a country-wide association of university museums, which would help to legitimize and strengthen the university museum community and preserve and facilitate access to museum collections of institutions of higher education. It is also necessary to increase the representation of Ukrainian museums in international organizations, which would make it possible to formulate more clearly the mission of the university museum in modern society. The lack of a clear understanding of the mission of the university museum and the latter’s uncertain position (including legal) in the academic and museum community can lead to the loss of not only museum identity, but also museums themselves and their collections. In Ukraine, we can speak of the first steps towards such self-organization at the institutional and regional levels, as well as attempts to create a national center through formal (association) and informal (conferences) structures. However, so far these attempts have been sporadic.

Decolonising the Museum? Community Experiences in the Periphery of the ICOM Museum Definition

AbstractThe article proposes a postcolonial reflection on the impacts of the ICOM museum definition on the practice of community‐based museums and considers the possible effects of engaging these museums in the international conversations for a new definition. It investigates ICOM’s internal debates on a new museum definition, resumed since 2016, and its normative, political, and financial effects on the reality of community museums in the peripheries of the global South. By exploring the historical roots of the present debate and its decolonial rhetoric, this paper questions what forms of “decolonisation” are at stake, once again, in the discussions concerning a new museum definition for the 21st century. To demonstrate the impacts of the definition on community museums around the world, the article recurs to the example of Brazilian Social museology, which serves to illuminate how the persistence of political relationships between a centre and its peripheries help to define museum marginality. The ICOM museum definition, conceived as a tool by some central agents to be applied globally in different social contexts, establishes the boundaries between the subjects who have the right to memory and the means to make museums and those who are currently deprived of them.

Museo Comunitario de Morocoy: su importancia como lugar de sociabilidad cultural para la comunidad y para el turista

The Morocoy Community Museum (Quintana Roo, Mexico) is a cultural spot since 2015. The goal of this paper is to develop a visitor’s study, analyzing its function as a means of cultural and educational socialization through the record book and its written mentions about the museum, from January 2019 to January 2020, with 306 individual registers including sex, place of origin and opinions. Crosstab tabulations, hypothesis tests, and logistic regression were performed to compare the characteristics of the visitors categorized by sex, procedence, and five categories of opinions. The main results have shown that locals see the museum as an important space for the knowledge of their historical and cultural heritage, meanwhile foreigners have shown more interest about museum exhibition, and the documentation presented there. There is not a statistical difference in the assistance between sexes. The final reflection is about the importance to develop an institutional policy, from the Instituto Nacional de Antropología e Historia, to support the logistic of creation of these kind of museums, in view of the interest to create them along the route of the Maya Train system.

Communication aspect of museum activities (experience and innovation of museums of florence)

The aim of the research presented in the article is to study the directions and mechanisms of action of museums in innovative practice. The modern museum as a cultural center is more focused on the individual, takes on the functions of organizing the leisure of citizens, responding to the social order, lifestyle. The study of the experience of museums in this context is focused on considering innovation at the local level - the museums of the city of Florence (center of Tuscany), which are a vivid example of the communicative model of the museum. This model of the museum is especially in demand today against the background of the problem of attracting (and retaining) visitors existing in museums around the world and in Kazakhstan. The study of valuable experience and innovative approaches in the communication activities of the best museums in the world can give impetus to the development of museums in Kazakhstan. The situation with the COVID–19 Pandemic has made its own adjustments in the relationship between visitors and museums. Both Florentine and Kazakhstani museums reacted to the situation with interesting projects. It is concluded that the introduction and development of information systems in museums in Italy made it possible to significantly optimize their work, and this, in turn, allowed them to reach a qualitatively new level of presentation of their services and collections. There are ample opportunities for the world museum community to access the Italian heritage.A great help in this study was the master's thesis by Irene di Pietro, which was written in the city of Bologna in 2017. An important source was the personal observations of E.I. Kubasheva in direct acquaintance with the museums of Florence. The research was carried out using narrative and historical-genetic methods.

Applications of Semantic Web in integrating open data and bibliographic records: a development example of an infomediary of Taiwanese indigenous people

Purpose This study aims to develop a Web-based application system called Infomediary of Taiwanese Indigenous Peoples (ITIP) that can help individuals comprehend the society and culture of indigenous people. The ITIP is based on the use of Semantic Web technologies to integrate a number of data sources, particularly including the bibliographic records of a museum. Moreover, an ontology model was developed to help users search cultural collections by topic concepts. Design/methodology/approach Two issues were identified that needed to be addressed: the integration of heterogeneous data sources and semantic-based information retrieval. Two corresponding methods were proposed: SPARQL federated queries were designed for data integration across the Web and ontology-driven queries were designed to semantically search by knowledge inference. Furthermore, to help users perform searches easily, three searching interfaces, namely, ethnicity, region and topic, were developed to take full advantage of the content available on the Web. Findings Most open government data provides structured but non-resource description framework data, Semantic Web consumers, therefore, require additional data conversion before the data can be used. On the other hand, although the library, archive and museum (LAM) community has produced some emerging linked data, very few data sets are released to the general public as open data. The Semantic Web’s vision of “web of data” remains challenging. Originality/value This study developed data integration from various institutions, including those of the LAM community. The development was conducted based on the mode of non-institution members (i.e. institutional outsiders). The challenges encountered included uncertain data quality and the absence of institutional participation.

КАЛИФОРНИЙСКАЯ АКАДЕМИЯ НАУК КАК ЯРКИЙ ПРИМЕР АМЕРИКАНСКОГО МУЗЕЙНОГО ОПЫТА: ИСТОРИЯ И СОВРЕМЕННОСТЬ

The article is dedicated to one of the largest museum centers of natural history in the world - the California Academy of Sciences (San Francisco, USA), which is, since its founding in 1853, both a research and scientific and educational organization. The California Academy of Sciences, in its current version, presents a prime example of the development of basic museum’s concepts in USA: guardianship, corporate museum, museum communication, achieving the goals of sustainable development of society, the involvement in science the population on the basis of the system “STEM-education” (Science, Technology, Engineering Mathematics). The article analyzes the history and modern activities of the museum in terms of exhibition features, scientific and educational practice. Architectural, artistic and engineering solutions, features of internal infrastructure, themes, content and design of the exhibition complex reflect the stated national mission to "explore, explain and sustain"), in accordance with the implementation of the declared environmental concept of sustainable development (fighting global climate warming, the development of technologies of energy conservation, cleanliness and waste of production, etc.). On the basis of our own museum observations, analysis of literary data, we can conclude that museums as social institutions and interactive technologies used in the educational process are most suitable for the task of introducing the widest range of citizens to science and culture. The example of the California Academy of Sciences provides important guidelines for the development of museums in our country.

Evidence of Fungal Spreading by the Grey Silverfish (Ctenolepisma longicaudatum) in Austrian Museums

Abstract The grey silverfish Ctenolepisma longicaudatum is a new and serious pest spreading rapidly across Europe. Compared to the silverfish Lepisma saccharinum, it does not depend on relative humidity above 70% and thrives also in new museum buildings, modern storage depositories, apartments, and office buildings. Especially collections of graphic art, modern art on paper, photographs, but also archives and libraries are increasingly affected by this pest. Damage of paper objects has been reported by different authors and institutions across Europe. As these animals live in inaccessible cracks and crevices inside the buildings, we investigated the spread of microorganisms on living grey silverfish, to show a potential additional threat posed by this pest. In 8 locations in Austria living animals were collected with traps and placed for 10 min on agar plates which were incubated for 2 weeks. After incubation of 50 agar plates, between 2 and 20 colonies of fungi were growing on each plate. The most dominant fungal genera were Cladosporium (Cladosporium cladosporioides clade) and Penicillium (Penicillium glabrum, Penicillium decumbens); also, species of the genera Aspergillus, Alternaria, Botrytis, Bartalinia, Byssochlamis, Chaetomium and Mycothypha were found. The diversity of fungi reflects the common fungal community of museums and archives. The spores and mycelial fragments of the fungi are obviously travelling on the legs and bodies of the silverfish.

Reaching Out to be in Reach. Museum Communication in the Current Museum Zeitgeist

This article focuses on art museums as multi-layered media- and eventmakers. By discussing the National Gallery of Denmark’s Mysteries from the Museum podcast series and the event SMK Fridays, Louisiana’s digital platform Louisiana Channel and the Glyptotek’s Slow arrangements, we scrutinise these museums’ onsite and offsite outreach techniques and strategies. These are further discussed regarding the current museum zeitgeist, and how this relates to dominant cultural policy paradigms in Denmark. The article is based on interviews with museum professionals, observations of onsite events and document analysis; they indicate that museums constantly renew their outreach techniques and strategies, adding layers to their museum communication. While museums succeed in creating quality digital content and arranging events attracting attention and audiences, these productions do not challenge the power dynamics between museums and their users described in current literature on the museum zeitgeist, as in dominant cultural policy strategies in a Danish context.

Museum Educational Online Products: Creation Prerequisites and Development Prospects

This article examines online educational products developed by museums both independently and in cooperation with educational institutions. The analysis revealed a pool of museum online products, including mass open online courses (MOOCs), specialized professional online courses (SPOCs), educational games, mobile apps, and podcasts. The authors identify advantages and features of each type of the museum online products (MOPs) and determine the prospects for their inclusion in the educational process.The study aims to reveal the activity of different kinds of museums and museum communities in the development and implementation of educational online products both in their own educational activities, carried out by an increasing number of museums, and in the process of formal and non-formal education in cooperation with universities, schools, and further education institutions that implement it. The study discovered that museums develop both MOOCs that are traditional for the system of higher professional education, and educational online products, such as educational games, podcasts, and mobile applications with educational content, that are not widely used at present, but are promising for formal and, especially, non-formal education. An important result of the study was the conclusion about the common practice of cooperation between museums and universities in the joint development of online products, as well as about the feasibility of deploying such work with institutions of secondary general and vocational education.The authors’ analysis of the system of museum educational online products allowed us to conclude that new players — museums — have appeared in the online education market in the role of organizations that create and use various online resources in their activities, including those that can be used in the field of education.

Supporting quality in science communication: insights from the QUEST project

The promotion of quality is a critical aspect to consider in the re-examination of science communication. This problem is analysed in the research carried out by the QUEST project, as featured in this paper. Engaging key stakeholders in a codesign process — through interviews, focus groups, workshops and surveys — the research identified barriers to quality science communication and on the basis of these, proposes a series of tools and supporting material that can serve as incentives toward quality science communication for different stakeholders across the fields of journalism, social media, and museum communication. And it highlights in particular the significance of training in order to promote professionalism amongst communicators.

Argumentative Aspects of Declaration on the Importance and Value of Universal Museums (2002)

The aim of this paper is to analyze Declaration on the Importance and Value of Universal Museums as an element of an argumentative discourse on restitution of cultural objects. Declaration raises issues that are inalienable from the subject of the return of cultural goods removed from their place of origin prior to establishing legal norms on protection of cultural heritage. Restitution arguments such as arguments from cultural affiliation, passage of time and social utility remain a part of argumentation used by universal museums. The author believes that from the reasoning which supports the argument from cultural affiliation one may crystallize an argument from cultural affiliation to all humankind. The text of Declaration shows that in the course of the statement defending the retention of cultural objects, the meaning of cultural affiliation gets complicated to the point where signatories of Declaration, supporting the idea of universalism, emphasize the bond between museum community and the object. Specific character of cultural objects causes confrontation of a variety of rationales. Perceiving restitution of cultural objects as a hard case invites a possibility that there is often more than one justified solution.

Mass aesthetic changes in the context of the development of world museums

This article is relevant, as in the process when the world community is experiencing crisis phenomena in the public consciousness and social forms of existence, the change of the museum as an accumulator of works of art and cultural centres acquires historical significance. The novelty of the study is determined by the fact that exhibitions can be held not only online or during the period when museums act as cultural centres. The purpose of the study is to research the aesthetic changes in the context of global art communication through exhibition areas in the world of museums. The leading research method was comparative analysis, thanks to which mass aesthetic changes in the process of changing the global socio-economic environment were studied. The basis for the work of UNESCO as a global repository and management centre in the museum community was shown. The authors note that the formation of museum competence and a change in the aesthetics of mass consciousness on this basis is possible only if the structural content of the coordination of museum art. The authors see the creation of a single-world museum centre as the basis for such a change.

Eco-Didactic Project for the Knowledge of a Community Museum

The aim of this work is to identify the educational competences and training of third-year students taking the degree in Primary Education at the University of Cordoba, in relation to the protection and conservation of community museums and from an eco-didactic and historical point of view. In this study, the collection of information was validated by means of a Likert-type questionnaire (1–5) with which we collected data from five academic years by handing it out to a sample (n = 332). Among the results obtained, we can emphasize both the degree of involvement and the opinions of the students with respect to valuing the cultural and natural heritage of their environment, as well as the didactic use of the ecomuseum in the area where it is placed. Finally, the conclusions highlight the perceptions of university students regarding the educational impact of ecomuseums as cultural and sustainability elements, in addition to their being an eco-didactic resource for teaching and implementing projects about historical heritage.

Social Media Museum Communication Mode and Communication Ecology

Social Media Museum Communication Mode and Communication Ecology

Representation, Knowledge and Museum Community Engagement

Representation, Knowledge and Museum Community Engagement

Actualization of cultural heritage by museum means for the visitors with hearing impairment

The subject of this research is the actualization of cultural heritage by museum means. The object of this research is the adaptation of persons with hearing impairment, namely the experience of Russian museums. Museum plays a significant role in the processes of sociocultural adaptation, self-identification and social inclusion of the people with disabilities, possessing a unique set of criteria, ability to accumulate and transmit cultural potential. The active participation of museums in solution of sociocultural problems in many ways determines the vector of further development of museology, implementing modern cultural practices. The authors believe that working with the hearing-impaired visitors requires reconsideration of the traditional ways of presenting museum information and development of the new forms of interpretation of exhibition material. The conclusion is made that museum personnel should orient towards the individual peculiarities of each visitor, taking into account their capabilities in selecting the channel of museum communication, forms, methods and approaches. Museum personnel should plan their work jointly with the pedagogues, rehabilitation specialists, social workers, psychologists, and persons with disabilities directly. Each museum should be provided with the necessary conditions for working with children of each disability category. Namely this underlied the development of the concept of museum tour “We Can Hear You Through The Eyes” on the premises of Kuzbass State Museum of Local Lore.

The construction of the Lachibaa Community Museum, in Magdalena Apasco, Etla Oaxaca. an approach to open government?

Open Government emerged in 2009 as a new paradigm of public administration and a new way of dealing with public affairs, based on the pillars, Transparency, Participation, Collaboration, Innovation and Accountability. Local governments have also joined in this effort; however little is known about what is happening in the municipalities of Indigenous Normative Systems. This paper analyzes the creation of the Lachibaa Community Museum, in Magdalena Apasco, Oaxaca, as a Collaborative process (pillar) of the current Open Government approach. It is explored how Open Government can be present in indigenous municipalities, which have a special legal regime that recognizes and respects their uses and customs.

Engagement with migration through museums in Turkey

ABSTRACT Migration as an economic, social, and political phenomenon that indicates continuity, movement, and mobility has led to revolutionary development in museology as increased interest in different voices has enacted change. Migration has become a key concern in museums as it specifies their type or context by changing their perspectives. This paper examines the current situation of the migration concept in several countries and museums in Turkey, which are based on global examples, and compares them with contemporary equivalents. This allows the international museum community to monitor and discuss developments related to migration museums in Turkey. In Turkey, types of global migration concepts in line with contemporary museology approaches and their reflections are discussed, and types of migration museums will be classified, determined, and compared with global samples. This paper includes an overview how the approach is discussed the stories and objects which are related to migration in the scope of the migration phenomenon in the history of migration museums in Turkey. The scope of Turkey’s migration museums to be built on different migration routes are also located in different regions are discussed in the research.