Museo Nacional De Research Articles

Materias preciosas textiles: el caso del bordado con posible escena de Pentecostés del Museo Nacional de Artes Decorativas

This paper presents the technology of the metallic threads used in the textiles of the Middle Ages trough the study of an embroidery fragment preserved in the Museo Nacional de Artes Decorativas. The origin and the development of the metallic threads technology are explained, including the different metals and alloys used. The paper also studies the questions related with the provenance and workshop of the embroidery as an example of the diversity of decorative sources and workshops active in the 12th-13th centuries in the Western Mediterranean area.

El museo, constructor de otros contextos. Cien años del Museo Nacional de Artes Decorativas

The Museo Nacional de Artes Decorativas is the result of the work of many professionals whose experience has enabled the institution to evolve and transform according to the times. The current working team wanted to provide new targets and initiatives to exhibit the museum collections creating contexts based not only on stylistic criteria, but also on commercial, productive, utilitarian, ideological and symbolical issues. But before reaching this point, the Museum, which has one hundred years of history, has gone through various projects appropriate to the times and to social and political circumstances.

The role of gill rakers in the adaptation and habitat partitioning of Nicaraguan crater lake cichlid fishes

Event Abstract Back to Event The role of gill rakers in the adaptation and habitat partitioning of Nicaraguan crater lake cichlid fishes Marta Barluenga1*, Gema Aguilera1 and Melinda J. Hofmann1 1 Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales, CSIC, Dept. Biodiversity & Evolutionary Biology, Spain The coexistence of species is facilitated by niche partitioning. Resource competition is a major cause of phenotypic differentiation.The major axes of differentiation in closely related species occur along the two ecological dimensions habitat and diet. Adaptive radiations typically follow these axes of variation. Some of the most important traits in the radiations of freshwater fish are body size, body shape, and a few trophic features such as mouth position, teeth type or gill rakers. In some of the most famous temperate freshwater radiations (i.e., sticklebacks, whitefish) gill rakers play a pivotal role in the adaptation to novel prey types. Cichlids are the most famous textbook examples of fast and divergent adaptive radiations. Often species differ in adaptation to alternative prey types associated to particular trophic morphologies. Pharyngeal jaw shape, oral and pharyngeal teeth and mouth position are the main traits typically studied in cichlid radiations. Gill rakers have however rarely been consider when trying to understand cichlid adaptation to the environment. Here we assess the variation of gill rakers in the cichlid assemblage inhabiting the Nicaraguan large and crater lakes. We found marked differences among species, and found interesting correlations between gill raker traits and environmental features demonstrating their role in adaptation and diversification. Keywords: adaptation, niche partitioning, cichlid fishes, Crater lakes, Gill rakers Conference: XV European Congress of Ichthyology, Porto, Portugal, 7 Sep - 11 Sep, 2015. Presentation Type: Oral Presentation Topic: Ecology, Conservation and Invasive Species Citation: Barluenga M, Aguilera G and Hofmann MJ (2015). The role of gill rakers in the adaptation and habitat partitioning of Nicaraguan crater lake cichlid fishes. Front. Mar. Sci. Conference Abstract: XV European Congress of Ichthyology. doi: 10.3389/conf.FMARS.2015.03.00234 Copyright: The abstracts in this collection have not been subject to any Frontiers peer review or checks, and are not endorsed by Frontiers. They are made available through the Frontiers publishing platform as a service to conference organizers and presenters. The copyright in the individual abstracts is owned by the author of each abstract or his/her employer unless otherwise stated. Each abstract, as well as the collection of abstracts, are published under a Creative Commons CC-BY 4.0 (attribution) licence (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) and may thus be reproduced, translated, adapted and be the subject of derivative works provided the authors and Frontiers are attributed. For Frontiers’ terms and conditions please see https://www.frontiersin.org/legal/terms-and-conditions. Received: 17 Dec 2015; Published Online: 19 Dec 2015. * Correspondence: Dr. Marta Barluenga, Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales, CSIC, Dept. Biodiversity & Evolutionary Biology, Madrid, 28006, Spain, marta.barluenga@mncn.csic.es Login Required This action requires you to be registered with Frontiers and logged in. To register or login click here. Abstract Info Abstract The Authors in Frontiers Marta Barluenga Gema Aguilera Melinda J Hofmann Google Marta Barluenga Gema Aguilera Melinda J Hofmann Google Scholar Marta Barluenga Gema Aguilera Melinda J Hofmann PubMed Marta Barluenga Gema Aguilera Melinda J Hofmann Related Article in Frontiers Google Scholar PubMed Abstract Close Back to top Javascript is disabled. Please enable Javascript in your browser settings in order to see all the content on this page.

Comparative population genetic structure and demographic patterns of two killifish species (Aphanius baeticus and Aphanius iberus) at the Iberian Peninsula

Event Abstract Back to Event Comparative population genetic structure and demographic patterns of two killifish species (Aphanius baeticus and Aphanius iberus) at the Iberian Peninsula Elena G. Gonzalez1*, Carlos Pedraza1, Carina Cunha1, Francisco Oliva-Paterna2, Mar Torralva2 and Ignacio Doadrio1 1 Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales, MNCN-CSIC, Departamento de Biodiversidad y Biología Evolutiva, Spain 2 Universidad de Murcia, Departamento de Zoología y Antropología Física, Spain The killifish, Aphanius baeticus and Aphanius iberus (Cyprinodontidae) are endemic species restricted to river basins on Spain’s southern Atlantic and Mediterranean coastline, respectively. As a secondary fresh-water fish fauna of the Iberian Peninsula basin, their distribution is primary restricted to local coastal streams, salt water creeks, and man-made salt evaporation ponds, which are susceptible to periodical flood and drought events. For small species with low dispersal capacity such as A. baeticus and A. iberus these events may influence severely in their demography. However, despite having similar ecological traits and living in similar environmental conditions, both species show striking differences in their levels of genetic diversity and demography. Other factors, such as historical events and more recently human-mediated threats may have contributed differently in shaping current genetic structure of killifish ichthyofauna from the Iberian Peninsula. In this work, we present comparative genetic structure, diversity and historical demography analyses of A. baeticus and A. iberus using mitochondrial (cytochrome b, gene) and nuclear (microsatellite) markers in both natural and introduced populations across their entire distribution range. We used Bayesian genetic structure analysis and coalescent simulations using nuclear microsatellite diversity to determine changes in effective population size and the timing of possible population expansions or declines. Moreover, inferred past demographic changes based on mtDNA were determined in order to discern the possible contribution of historical and human-mediated effects on their current population structure. Keywords: Cyprinodotidae, mtDNA, microsatellite, Population history, secondary water fishes, Pleistocene glaciations, conservation, Aphanius iberus, Aphanius baeticus Conference: XV European Congress of Ichthyology, Porto, Portugal, 7 Sep - 11 Sep, 2015. Presentation Type: Poster Presentation Topic: Phylogeny, Systematics and Genetics Citation: Gonzalez EG, Pedraza C, Cunha C, Oliva-Paterna F, Torralva M and Doadrio I (2015). Comparative population genetic structure and demographic patterns of two killifish species (Aphanius baeticus and Aphanius iberus) at the Iberian Peninsula. Front. Mar. Sci. Conference Abstract: XV European Congress of Ichthyology. doi: 10.3389/conf.fmars.2015.03.00084 Copyright: The abstracts in this collection have not been subject to any Frontiers peer review or checks, and are not endorsed by Frontiers. They are made available through the Frontiers publishing platform as a service to conference organizers and presenters. The copyright in the individual abstracts is owned by the author of each abstract or his/her employer unless otherwise stated. Each abstract, as well as the collection of abstracts, are published under a Creative Commons CC-BY 4.0 (attribution) licence (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) and may thus be reproduced, translated, adapted and be the subject of derivative works provided the authors and Frontiers are attributed. For Frontiers’ terms and conditions please see https://www.frontiersin.org/legal/terms-and-conditions. Received: 16 Nov 2015; Published Online: 17 Nov 2015. * Correspondence: Dr. Elena G Gonzalez, Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales, MNCN-CSIC, Departamento de Biodiversidad y Biología Evolutiva, Madrid, Madrid, 28006, Spain, elenag@mncn.csic.es Login Required This action requires you to be registered with Frontiers and logged in. To register or login click here. Abstract Info Abstract The Authors in Frontiers Elena G Gonzalez Carlos Pedraza Carina Cunha Francisco Oliva-Paterna Mar Torralva Ignacio Doadrio Google Elena G Gonzalez Carlos Pedraza Carina Cunha Francisco Oliva-Paterna Mar Torralva Ignacio Doadrio Google Scholar Elena G Gonzalez Carlos Pedraza Carina Cunha Francisco Oliva-Paterna Mar Torralva Ignacio Doadrio PubMed Elena G Gonzalez Carlos Pedraza Carina Cunha Francisco Oliva-Paterna Mar Torralva Ignacio Doadrio Related Article in Frontiers Google Scholar PubMed Abstract Close Back to top Javascript is disabled. Please enable Javascript in your browser settings in order to see all the content on this page.

Confirmation of Mola mola (Tetraodontiformes: Molidae) and historical records of ocean sunfishes (Mola sp.) in the coastal area of Uruguay

Mola mola is distributed from temperate to tropical oceans. The scarce reports on the occurrence of the species in the Uruguayan coast were based on incomplete morphological studies on collected specimens that could not properly discard the congeneric Mola ramsayi . This work constitutes confirmation of the occurrence of Mola mola in the coastal area of Uruguay, based on morphological characters of a specimen collected in April 2013. The fish occurred 100 m offshore in the Rio de la Plata estuary (at a depth of 5 m), in an area with a water temperature between 19 and 19.5°C. Morphometric data is provided. The specimen is preserved in the Museo Nacional de Historia Natural de Montevideo (Uruguay).

Descripción de una nueva especie del género <em>Sogda</em> Lopatin, 1961 para la Península Ibérica (Coleoptera, Leiodidae, Leiodinae)

A new species of Sogda Lopatin, 1961 from the iberian Peninsula is described and illustrated. Specimens of the type series are from Saladar de Cordovilla (Albacete) and Quero (Toledo). Sogda (Trichohydnobius) ibericus n. sp . shares the set of characters that typify genus Sogda and it is possible to separate this species clearly from the other five known, based on morphological characters listed in the discussion. The Holotype and Paratypes have been deposited in the Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales, Madrid. urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:5BBBE2CF-EA8B-4B0E-893B-2A3AFE865875

Distribución y caracterización morfológica de <em>Hycleus duodecimmaculatus</em> (Olivier, 1811) (Coleoptera, Meloidae), una especie poco conocida del oeste de Marruecos

Hycleus duodecimmaculatus (Coleoptera, Meloidae, Mylabrini) is a poorly known species endemic to Morocco. Its geographic range extends along the coastal-subcoastal fringe of the Atlantic Coast, between Larache and Tiznit region (Arbaa Ait Ahmed). In this paper we study more than a hundred specimens, mostly preserved in the collection of the Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales (MNCN-CSIC, Spain). We provide new geographic records, including the Western Rif and confirm its presence in Marrakech (northwestern slopes of the High Atlas). Because of the scarcity of information, disperse and sometimes erroneous, we synthesize information available on chorology and phenology, and characterize the typology of the species’ habitat. From a taxonomic point of view, we redefine the species’ diagnostic characters and illustrate various aspects of the intra- and interpopulational morphological variability.

Case 3644 Belostoma ellipticum Latreille, 1833 (Insecta, Heteroptera, belostomatidae): proposed designation of a neotype

The purpose of this application, under Article 75.5 of the Code, is to designate a neotype for Belostoma ellipticum Latreille, 1833. This species has been accepted by heteropterists since 1962, but it is actually a nomen dubium, since Latreille designated neither types nor a type locality and provided little descriptive information. Subsequent to Latreille, in the absence of a useful diagnosis, authors referred specimens of several other taxonomically valid taxa to B. ellipticum. Belostoma ellipticum sensu Lauck, 1962, however, is readily defined by the presence of a pair of conspicuous notches along the lateral margins of the ventral diverticulum of the phallus in ventral view, and it is this concept of the species that has gained general acceptance. Fixation of a neotype displaying this feature, which cannot be confirmed in any potentially syntypic Latreille specimen of the subspinosum group in Carreno's collection at the Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales, Madrid, will facilitate retention of B. ellipticum as a valid species name.

Vignettes of Spanish Nature

Taxidermy played a pivotal role in the renewal of the Spanish Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales in Madrid during the first few decades of the twentieth century. This essay examines the work of the brothers José María Benedito (1873–1951) and Luis Benedito (1884–1955) and their part in the making of a remarkable series of biological groups and habitat dioramas, mainly devoted to the most characteristic species of Spanish fauna. The Benedito brothers’ taxidermy mounts can be viewed as an attempt to construct a new image of a national fauna. From this point of view, taxidermic practices appear as an integral component of an ambitious educational and cultural project, with their foundations in the scientific work of the museum’s zoologists, and aimed at a broad, educated public, at a time of widespread political effort to reinvigorate Spanish society. Indeed, efforts to regenerate a troubled Spanish national identity and to promote science and education as drivers of social progress are typical of the critical turn-of-the-century period. In this context, the Benedito brothers’ work at the museum can be related both to an international trend to modernize natural history displays in museums around the world, and to more specific cultural and scientific developments characteristic of the processes of modernization at work in early twentieth-century Spanish society. Modern taxidermy, it is argued, has been incorporated in various ways into political and cultural discourses contingent on national contexts, while at the same time its technical procedures have remained essentially unchanged.

On the identity and taxonomic status of the enigmatic mantid Thespoides bolivari Chopard, 1916 (Mantodea: Mantidae, Angelinae).

Chopard (1916) published a brief paper in which he cited and described a number of praying mantis species from the neotropics. The specimens he studied belonged to the prominent Spanish Entomologist Ignacio Bolívar y Urrutia (1850-1944), whose collection is now housed at the Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales in Madrid (MNCN), Spain (Izquierdo et al. 1997). In this publication Chopard described Thespoides bolivari Chopard, 1916 as a new genus and species, based on a single male obtained by French coleopterist René Oberthür in Cauca, Colombia. According to Chopard (1916) the specimen was remarkable for having, among other features, an abdomen that is markedly shorter than the rest of its body-certainly an unusual morphological trait among the Mantodea. Chopard assigned Thespoides to the Miopteryginae (Thespidae), but it was later reassigned (together with Angela Serville, 1839 as the "Angelae group") to the subfamily Schizocephalinae (Mantidae) by Giglio-Tos (1927). Current classifications consider the Angelinae to comprise a distinct subfamily of the Mantidae, with Thespoides and Angela as the only representatives of this subfamily with a Neotropical distribution (e.g. Ehrmann 2002).

Diversity of Leaf Katydids (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae: Phaneropterinae) of Dzanga-Ndoki National Park, Central African Republic, With Selected Records from Other African Countries

Forty-four species of Phaneropterinae are recorded from Dzanga-Ndoki National Park in the Central African Republic. Eight species collected within the park are described as new to science: Phlaurocentrum morettoi n. sp., P. paratuberosum n. sp., P. elegans n. sp., Myllocentrum raggei n. sp., Poreuomena sanghensis n. sp., Cestromoecha longicerca n. sp., C. magnicerca n. sp., and Goetia purpurea n. sp. An additional new species from Guinea is described from specimens preserved in the Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales of Madrid, Poreuomena huxleyi n. sp. Eurycorypha stylata Stål, 1873 is recorded for the first time from Burkina Faso and Brycoptera lobata Ragge, 1981 from Ivory Coast. The following synonyms are established: Enochletica affinis Bolívar, 1906 is synonymized with Enochletica ostentatrix Karsch, 1896, Poreuomena gladiator Bolívar, 1906 is synonymized with Poreuomena forcipata Sjöstedt, 1902, and Azamia doriae (Griffini, 1906) is synonymized with Azamia biplagiata Bolívar, 1906. In addition, morphological characters of previously unknown females of Phaneroptera maculosa Ragge, 1956 and Eurycorypha canaliculata Karsch, 1890, and males of Myllocentrum stigmosum (Karsch, 1896) and Cestromoecha crassipes (Karsch, 1890) are described. The presence of titillators in four African genera (Gelotopoia, Brycoptera, Phlaurocentrum and Azamia) is recorded for the first time. In the genus Zeuneria, a sub-equally bilobed, dorsally curved, dorso-lateral abdominal appendage is described for the first time. This new structure apparently delimits an abdominal gland of unknown function on the second tergite.

DAVID A. SIQUEIROS: HIS MODIFICATION OF OIL- AND CELLULOSE NITRATE-BASED PAINT AND HIS ADVOCACY FOR INNOVATION, 1931–1949

Although the use of cellulose nitrate paint by David A. Siqueiros (1896–1974) is well documented, when and how he used it is not well established. This article focuses on a technical examination of six paintings Siqueiros made between 1931 and 1949. The paintings analyzed come from two collections: Museo Nacional de Arte in Mexico City and The Museum of Modern Art in New York. Findings presented here show that Siqueiros did not use cellulose nitrate for a painting he made in 1933, despite having made that claim decades later. Rather, evidence indicates Siqueiros used it in Mexico City just prior to his trip to New York in 1935 where he established a workshop to further explore innovation in painting technique and focus especially on ways to paint without a brush. Examination of a small work from 1936 or 1937 by Jackson Pollock (1912–1956), who attended the workshop, confirms he also experimented with the medium. Afterwards, in 1939, Siqueiros again altered his technique and materials in a way to suggest that rendering specific details in his paintings was more important than being restricted to the innovative “brush-free” effects developed in the workshop.

La familia Pentatomidae (Hemiptera: Heteroptera) en las colecciones de referencia de la República Dominicana

Se describen las colecciones de la familia Pentatomidae (Hemiptera: Heteroptera) depositadas en el Museo Nacional de Historia Natural “Prof. Eugenio de Jesús Marcano” (MNHNSD) y en el Instituto de Investigaciones Botánicas y Zoológicas Rafael Ma. Moscoso (IIBZ) de la Universidad Autónoma de Santo Domingo. Se encontraron 2,113 especímenes entre ambas colecciones, distribuidos en 31 géneros y 60 especies, los cuales representan, respectivamente, 86 y 76% de los géneros y especies registrados para La Hispaniola. La colección del MNHNSD contiene 1,189 especímenes, distribuidos en 29 géneros y 57 especies, mientras que la del IIBZ posee 924 especímenes, distribuidos en 28 géneros y 49 especies. Ocho especies endémicas de La Hispaniola están representadas en estas colecciones. No se registró ningún espécimen colectado en Haití. Pharypia pulchella (Drury), es tratada como una especie de presencia dudosa debido a que se encontró un único espécimen sin datos de colecta.

Description of a new sepioline species, <i>Sepiola bursadhaesa</i> n. sp. (Cephalopoda: Sepiolidae), from the Catalan Sea, with remarks and identification key for the <i>Sepiola atlantica</i> group

Diversity among members of the genus Sepiola (Cephalopoda: Sepiolidae) in the NE Atlantic-Mediterranean area is fairly high; 10 species have been recorded. In this paper, a new species, Sepiola bursadhaesa n. sp., is described based on ten specimens from the Catalan Sea. They are lodged in the Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales of Madrid. The new species is compared with the closely related species Sepiola affinis Naef, 1912 and Sepiola intermedia Naef, 1912, the latter of which is possibly its sister species. Male Sepiola bursadhaesa n. sp. differs from Sepiola intermedia in having a very wrinkled and outward projecting tubercle on the copulatory apparatus, and the first three (rather than two) suckers of the dorsal row of the distal part of the hectocotylus enlarged. The middle sucker of the three suckers is the largest. In female S. bursadhaesa n. sp., unlike all other species in the genus, the bursa copulatrix is fused throughout its posterior rim to the inner side of the mantle. The relationships between the species of the Sepiola atlantica group sensu Naef (1923), to which S. bursadhaesa n. sp. belongs, are described. An identification key for this group is provided.

Catálogo de los ejemplares tipo de <i>Iberodorcadion</i> Breuning, 1943 (Coleoptera, Cerambycidae) de la colección del Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales de Madrid

Se ofrece una relacion de los ejemplares tipo de Iberodorcadion conservados en la Coleccion de Entomologia del Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales (MNCN) de Madrid. El presente catalogo recoge los datos de las series tipo de 125 taxones de este genero, constituidas por un total de 734 ejemplares. Se designa el lectotipo de D. almarzense Escalera, 1902, y se da consideracion de lectotipos a los ejemplares designados anteriormente como Holotipos de las especies D. granulipenne Escalera, 1908; D. grisescens Escalera, 1900; y D. neilense Escalera, 1902 (articulo 74.6 del Codigo Internacional de nomenclatura Zoologica).

Annotated checklist of Capitellidae (Annelida, Polychaeta) from the Iberian Peninsula, Chafarinas, Balearic and Canary Islands

The present annotated checklist has been elaborated after revision of preserved materials (from the Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales, Madrid and the reference collection of the Marine Biology Laboratory of the University of Valencia) and published literature related to capitellids from the Iberian Peninsula, Chafarinas, Balearic and Canary Islands. Twenty-four species and subspecies belonging to thirteen genera are recognized as valid taxa. With this checklist we include some taxonomic details and information on distribution at both global and regional levels. This work includes the setal formula and diagrammatic representation of capitellid taxa treated in this study.

Antropología americana y museos estatales españoles: pasado, presente y ¿futuro?

El Museo Nacional de Antropología, en Madrid, celebró su primer centenario en el año 2010. Con este motivo, el autor realizó una revisión de la distribución de bienes culturales de naturaleza etnográfica que integran la colección estable de distintos museos españoles de titularidad y gestión estatal. En este artículo, esa revisión se ciñe a bienes de procedencia americana, analizando su asignación histórica y actual a un museo en concreto.

Aggregative behaviour in the fossorial lizard Amphisbaena darwinii (Squamata, Amphisbaenidae)

We present herein observations on A. darwinii made from 2008 to 2011 as part of herpetofaunal inventories in southern Uruguay. Some voucher specimens were accessioned at the herpetological collection of Museo Nacional de Historia Natural, Montevideo, Uruguay (MNHN). Specimens of Amphisbaena darwinii were found under stones or abandoned pieces of concrete and metallic sheets in some natural and urban areas. In these associations, specimens were very close to each other, sometimes with their bodies side by side or one above the other/s

The Cacique in Chapultepec: Toward a Museology of Carlos Fuentes

The 1960s were a crucial decade for museum building in Mexico. The key year was 1964, the end of Adolfo López Mateos's presidential term, since it saw the inauguration of the Museo de Arte Moderno, the Anahuacalli, the Museo de la Ciudad de México, and the most spectacular of all: the Museo Nacional de Antropología, the architect Pedro Ramírez Vázquez's masterpiece and one of the country's primary tourist attractions. The 1960s also witnessed how Carlos Fuentes, a young writer who had published his first novel in 1958, continued to produce his canonical works at a staggering pace. In what follows, the dialogue between Fuentes's early fiction and the Museo Nacional de Antropología, two of the jewels of Mexican high modernism (always a dialogue with nationalism), not only invites a rereading of their most obvious features—namely, the luminous tension between their structures and their meticulous attention to detail—but also, from the distance of half a century (especially from the vantage point of the PRI's return to power), reveals a series of hitherto unexamined gaps and silences that merit critical attention.

The reptile type specimens preserved in the Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales (CSIC) of Madrid, Spain.

A first complete list of the reptile type specimens preserved in the Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales (CSIC) of Madrid (updated until 15 July 2012) is provided. The collection houses a total of 319 type specimens representing 24 taxa belonging to 6 families and 12 genera. There are 22 taxa represented by primary types (19 holotypes, 2 neotypes and 1lectotype) and at least one paratype, and only two taxa are exclusively represented by one secondary type (paratype). The collection is specially rich in Spanish endemisms. Special attention is deserved by the type series of many subspecies of Podarcis lilfordi described by A. Salvador and V. Pdéez-Mellado. All type specimens are housed in the Herpetological collection except Blanus mariae and Psaimodroims occidentalis type series and Psammodroims hispanicus (neotype) which are preserved in the DNA/Tissues Collection.