Musculoskeletal Health Questionnaire Research Articles

Nearly half of patients with chronic tendinopathy may have a neuropathic pain component, with significant differences seen between different tendon sites: a prospective cohort of more than 300 patients

ObjectivesIdentifying the prevalence of neuropathic pain components in patients with chronic tendinopathy conditions using the Self-Administered Leeds Assessment of Neuropathic Symptoms and Signs (S-LANSS) questionnaire.MethodsPatients with chronic tendinopathy and ‘tendon-like’...

Musculoskeletal injuries in UK Service Personnel and the impact of in-theatre rehabilitation during Cold Weather Warfare training: Exercise CETUS 2020

IntroductionThe Royal Marines provide the lead Service for UK Defence Mountain and Cold Weather Warfare capability. This is the first prospective study addressing musculoskeletal injury rates sustained during Cold Weather...

Does Telerehabilitation Help in Reducing Disability among People with Musculoskeletal Conditions? A Preliminary Study.

Introduction: During the coronavirus pandemic, an initiative was launched in Saudi Arabia to provide telerehabilitation for people with musculoskeletal conditions who were unable to access in-person physiotherapy due to the associated lockdown. The purpose of this study was to explore the therapeutic impact and acceptability of telerehabilitation among the Saudi population. Methods: Ninety-five participants were recruited through an online advertisement and received a physiotherapy consultation and interventions via an online video conference platform (Google Meet). Following screening for red flags, participants received tailored education and conditioning exercises 2–3 times a week for 6 weeks. Outcome measures were recorded at baseline and 6 weeks and comprised the Pain Self-Efficacy Questionnaire, Patient-Specific Functional Scale, Musculoskeletal Health Questionnaire and a satisfaction survey. Results: The most frequent musculoskeletal conditions reported were lower back (37%), knee (14%) and neck (10%) pain and post-operative conditions (15%). Participants showed significant improvements in outcomes at the end of the program (p < 0.001) with effect sizes ranging from 0.6 to −1.9 and reported a high level of satisfaction with the telerehabilitation intervention. Conclusion: This study showed that telerehabilitation was an acceptable method of providing physiotherapy interventions for patients with musculoskeletal conditions in Saudi Arabia.

An evaluation of effectiveness of the Musculoskeletal Health Questionnaire (MSK-HQ) as a measure for adults following a pain management programme

Purpose: Chronic pain affects many people worldwide. It is complex and often requires a multidisciplinary approach to manage with the delivery of intervention through pain management programmes. Patient-Reported Outcome Measures (PROMs) within pain management programmes are used regularly to evaluate the efficacy of interventions, monitoring a patient's perceived progress, measure pain perception and impact on functional activities. The relatively recently developed Musculoskeletal Health Questionnaire (MSK-HQ) is beginning to be employed widely in physiotherapy settings, such as rheumatology.

The implementation of and improvement in the musculoskeletal health questionnaire (MSK-HQ) scores at a MSK outpatient department

Purpose: The MSK-HQ is a patient-reported outcome measure (PROM) that comprises of 14 questions and a score range of 0–56; with a higher score indicating a better MSK-HQ status. There is also a question which asks patients to indicate, in the past week, how many days they have engaged in physical activity that has raised their heart rate for 30min or more (0–7 days).

Evaluation of the First Contact Physiotherapy (FCP) model of primary care: patient characteristics and outcomes

ObjectiveFirst Contact Physiotherapy (FCP) is a primary care model where expert musculoskeletal (MSK) physiotherapists undertake the first patient consultation, to enhance MSK-patient care and free-up GP capacity. The authors report the quantitative findings from the FCP National Evaluation (Phase 3) which evaluated the FCP model against success criteria. Design and settingA mixed-methods 24-month service evaluation involving 40 FCP sites and 240 FCPs across England. MethodsAn online platform collected patient-reported experience and outcomes following the FCP consultation and at 1, 2 and 3-months follow-up. These included the Keele STarT MSK Tool, pain intensity (0–10 NRS scale), Musculoskeletal Health Questionnaire (MSK-HQ, range 0–56), and Friends-and-Family Test. ResultsOver 13 months, 2825 patients were invited by email and 24% (n=680) completed their initial questionnaire. Their mean age was 56.2 (SD 14.9), 61% were female, ethnicity was 97% white, mean pain intensity was 6.1 (SD 2.13) and mean MSK-HQ score was 33.8 (SD 9.5). At 3-months follow-up (n=370) there was a 2.8 (CI 2.5 to 3.1) mean pain intensity reduction from baseline, a mean 7.1 (6.0 to 8.2) score improvement in MSK-HQ and 64% reporting overall improvement (much better/better) since seeing the FCP. One of the six success criteria was not met; 29% of those in employment reported receiving specific work advice from the FCP (target ≥75%). ConclusionAhead of the planned scale-up of the FCP primary care model across the UK, this evaluation provides useful data on patients who access this service, their short-term clinical outcomes and whether key success criteria are being met.

Validity and reliability of the Norwegian version of the Musculoskeletal Health Questionnaire in people on sick leave

BackgroundThe Musculoskeletal Health Questionnaire (MSK-HQ) is a recently developed generic questionnaire that consists of 14 items assessing health status in people with musculoskeletal disorders. The objective was to translate and cross-culturally adapt the MSK-HQ into Norwegian and to examine its construct validity and reliability in people on sick leave with musculoskeletal disorders.MethodsA prospective cohort study was carried out in Norway on people between 18 and 67 years of age and sick leave due to a musculoskeletal disorder. The participants were recruited through the Norwegian Labour and Welfare Administration during November 2018–January 2019 and responded to the MSK-HQ at inclusion and after four weeks. Internal consistency was assessed by Cronbach’s alpha, and structural validity with a factor analysis. Construct validity was assessed by eight “a priori” defined hypotheses regarding correlations between the MSK-HQ and other reference scales. Correlations were analyzed by Spearman’s- or Pearson’s correlation coefficient and interpreted as high with values ≥ 0.50, moderate between 0.30–0.49, and low < 0.29. Reliability was tested with test–retest, standard error of measurement (SEM) and smallest detectable change (SDC).ResultsA total of 549 patients, mean age (SD) 48.6 (10.7), 309 women (56.3%), were included. The mean (SD) MSK-HQ sum scores (min–max 3–56) were 27.7 (8.2). Internal consistency was 0.86 and a three-factor structure was determined by factor analysis. Construct validity was supported by the confirmation of all hypotheses; high correlation with HRQOL, psychosocial risk profile, and self-perceived health; moderate correlation with physical activity, self-perceived work ability, and work presenteeism; and low correlation with the number of sick days. The test–retest reliability was good with an intraclass correlation coefficient of 0.83 (95% CI, 0.74–0.89), SEM was 2.3 and SDC 6.5.ConclusionsThe Norwegian version of the MSK-HQ demonstrated high internal consistency, a three-factor structure, good construct validity and good test–retest reliability when used among people on sick leave due to musculoskeletal disorders.

Arthritis Research UK Musculoskeletal Health Questionnaire (MSK-HQ) as an indicator of health status and health literacy in an urban setting

Objective: The Musculoskeletal Health Questionnaire (MSK-HQ) is a standardized musculoskeletal outcomes measure for the health status of patients with various musculoskeletal conditions. The objective of this study was to investigate the patient reported outcomes using the MSK-HQ in an urban patient population that has a unique set of needs. Specifically, the patient population in the South Bronx, New York has defining demographic and clinical characteristics of low-income, English as a second language, and high rates of obesity. Moreover, patients in this community are at high risk for low rates of health literacy. This study aims to use the MSK-HQ to identify how living in an urban setting impacts patients’ access to affordable and quality care. Methods: Patients (n=83) at the BronxCare Health System Department of Orthopaedics outpatient clinics were surveyed using the Arthritis Research UK Musculoskeletal Health Questionnaire (MSK-HQ). The total number of patients were divided into 4 cohorts based on their musculoskeletal condition; spine (n=21), hand and upper extremity (n=29), sports medicine (n=17), and arthroplasty candidates (n=16). The MSK-HQ is a 15-item survey that assesses musculoskeletal disability and levels of physical activity. The minimum score of the questionnaire is 0 and maximum score is 56. A decrease in the total score indicates an decrease in Patient Reported Outcome Measures (PROMs). The patients were individually screened with the questionnaire. Those that declared English as a second language were screened with the aid of a telephone translator. Results: The mean age was 51.6 years old ± 14.1 years. There were 57 (70.37%) females and 24 (29.63%). The mean BMI was 31.0 ± 7.9. There were 12 (14.81%) patients that classified under normal weight conditions, 32 (39.51%) overweight, and 37 (45.68%) obese. The mean Patient Reported Outcome Measures (PROMs) for spine was 22.14, 31.46 for hand, 24.56 for sports, and 26.81 for arthroplasty candidates. The mean score for the patient’s understanding of condition and treatment for spine was 1.9 for spine, 2.36 for hand, 2.38 for sports, and 2.38 for arthroplasty candidates. Sex and the PROMs did not show correlation. There was a correlation between increasing BMI and decreasing PROMs for spine patients. However, there was no significant correlation between BMI and the PROMs of the other musculoskeletal conditions. The spine cohort exhibited the least understanding of their condition and treatment, suggesting a correlation between a patient’s health literacy and his or her overall PROMs. Health literacy did not correlate with English as a second language (ESL). The spine cohort demonstrated the lowest PROMs while the hand cohort had the highest PROMs. Conclusion: This is the first study to make use of the MSK-HQ in an urban setting within the United States. The unique clinical characteristics within this urban population include a mean BMI of obesity, as well as a large percentage of patients with English as a second language and low health literacy. The cohort of individuals that had the worst PROM were those treated for spine conditions, while patients treated for hand and upper extremity conditions had the best PROMs. A possible explanation for this finding is increased BMI within the spine cohort, as well as decrease in patient reported understanding of condition and current treatment. Additionally, as a translator was used for each patient who indicated ESL, there was no correlation found between health literacy, total score and ESL.

Estimating the population health burden of musculoskeletal conditions using primary care electronic health records.

ObjectivesBetter indicators from affordable, sustainable data sources are needed to monitor population burden of musculoskeletal conditions. We propose five indicators of musculoskeletal health and assessed if routinely available primary care electronic health records (EHR) can estimate population levels in musculoskeletal consulters.MethodsWe collected validated patient-reported measures of pain experience, function and health status through a local survey of adults (≥35 years) presenting to English general practices over 12 months for low back pain, shoulder pain, osteoarthritis and other regional musculoskeletal disorders. Using EHR data we derived and validated models for estimating population levels of five self-reported indicators: prevalence of high impact chronic pain, overall musculoskeletal health (based on Musculoskeletal Health Questionnaire), quality of life (based on EuroQoL health utility measure), and prevalence of moderate-to-severe low back pain and moderate-to-severe shoulder pain. We applied models to a national EHR database (Clinical Practice Research Datalink) to obtain national estimates of each indicator for three successive years.ResultsThe optimal models included recorded demographics, deprivation, consultation frequency, analgesic and antidepressant prescriptions, and multimorbidity. Applying models to national EHR, we estimated that 31.9% of adults (≥35 years) presenting with non-inflammatory musculoskeletal disorders in England in 2016/17 experienced high impact chronic pain. Estimated population health levels were worse in women, older aged and those in the most deprived neighbourhoods, and changed little over 3 years.ConclusionNational and subnational estimates for a range of subjective indicators of non-inflammatory musculoskeletal health conditions can be obtained using information from routine electronic health records.

PMS6 Validation of the Musculoskeletal Health Questionnaire (MSK-HQ) for Hungary: Results of an Online CROSS-Sectional Survey Among the General Population

The Versus Arthritis Musculoskeletal Health Questionnaire (MSK-HQ) was developed as a generic, single musculoskeletal outcome measure that can be used throughout the healthcare pathway and with patients with different musculoskeletal conditions. We aimed to develop the Hungarian language version of the MSK-HQ and assess its validity and reliability. The Hungarian language version of the MSK-HQ was developed following the protocol of the University of Oxford. A cross-sectional online survey was performed (year 2020) among the general adult population (N=2004, women: 53,1%; mean age 48.3 SD=16.6 years). Musculoskeletal health (MSK-HQ), physical functioning (HAQ-DI) and general health status (EQ-5D-5L) of the respondents were measured, as well as their well-being (ICECAP-A/-O, WHO-5 index, happiness VAS). Test-retest was performed in a subsample of 50 persons. Descriptive analyses were performed, Spearman’s rank correlations, Mann-Whitney U and Kruskal-Wallis test were applied. The research was supported by the Higher Education Institutional Excellence Program, within the framework of the 'Financial and Retail Services' thematic program of the Corvinus University of Budapest. The average (SD) MSK-HQ index score was 44.1 (9.9), EQ VAS 75.8 (20.1) and HAQ-DI 0.28 (0.47). Significant strong correlation was found between MSK-HQ index and HAQ-DI (r=-0.698) and EQ VAS (r=0,644) scores, and moderate correlations with the well-being measures (ICECAP-A r=0.471; ICECAP-O r=0.460; WHO-5 r= 0.443; happiness VAS r=0.317). MSK-HQ index score was significantly (p=0.000) lower in subgroups living with health limitations or musculoskeletal problems and in worse general health status. Cronbach-alfa was 0.924 and correlations between test-retest results were strong (r=0.884). This is the first study to assess MSK-HQ status of the general population. The Hungarian language version of the MSK-HQ was proved to be a valid and reliable measure. Further studies are encouraged involving specific patient samples for which our results can be used as population normative reference data.

German translation, cross-cultural adaptation and validation of the Musculoskeletal Health Questionnaire: a cohort study.

The Musculoskeletal Health Questionnaire (MSK-HQ) was developed to measure the health status of patients with various musculoskeletal conditions across multiple settings including rehabilitation. Formal translation and cross-cultural adaptation of the MSK-HQ into German (MSK-HQ<inf>G</inf>), to determine test-retest-reliability, standard error of measurement (SEM), smallest detectable change (SDC), construct validity, responsiveness, minimal important change (MIC), and to test for floor or ceiling effects. Cohort study with six weeks follow-up. Seven physiotherapy clinics/rehabilitation centres. Patients with a referral for physiotherapy indicating musculoskeletal complaints of the spine or extremities. Translation and cross-cultural adaptation were carried out in accordance with guidelines provided by the developers. As reference standards we used pain intensity (0-10 numeric rating scale), quality of life (EQ5D-5L) and disability measures (RMDQ, NDI, WOMAC and SPADI) that were combined using z-scores. On 100 patients (age 44.8±13.4 years, 66% female) the test-retest-reliability intraclass correlation coefficient was 0.87 (95% CI 0.72; 0.93) and for construct validity correlation with the combined disability measure was r<inf>s</inf>=-0.81 (95% CI -0.88, -0.72), the SEM was 3.4, the SDC (individual) 9.4, and the MIC 8.5. Overall, the study provides evidence for good reliability and validity for the MSK-HQ<inf>G</inf>. Further studies in different settings and diagnostic subgroups should follow to better understand the psychometric properties of this measure in primary care, rehabilitation and specialist care settings. The results demonstrate that the MSK-HQ<inf>G</inf> has sufficient psychometric properties for use in musculoskeletal research and practice. However, the SDC should be kept in mind when using the tool for individual patients. The MSK-HQ<inf>G</inf> has the advantage of being a single instrument that can measure musculoskeletal health status across different pain sites, reducing the burden from the use of multiple tools.

Validation of the Musculoskeletal Health Questionnaire (MSK-HQ) in primary care patients with musculoskeletal pain

ObjectiveTo evaluate the responsiveness, and concurrent validity of the Musculoskeletal Health Questionnaire (MSK-HQ) in UK primary care patients with common musculoskeletal (MSK) pain presentations. MethodsA secondary analysis of a primary care pilot randomised trial (STarT MSK) was performed. In 524 people consulting with back, neck, shoulder, knee, or multi-site pain, the following were recorded at 0/6 months: MSK-HQ, EQ-5D-5L, Roland-Morris Disability Questionnaire (RMDQ; back pain), Neck Disability Index (NDI), Shoulder Pain and Disability Index (SPADI), Knee Injury and Outcome Score (KOOS), Short-Form-12 (SF-12; multisite pain). At 6-months, patients self-rated their global change in MSK condition, from -5 (“very much worse”) to +5 (“completely recovered”). Receiver operating characteristic curves evaluated abilities of 6-month changes in each patient reported outcome measure (PROM) to discriminate between patients improving/not improving on global change scores, with Minimal Clinically Important Differences (MCID) calculated. ResultsThe MSK-HQ had a good ability to discriminate between MSK pain patients reporting global improvement vs. no improvement (area under the curve [AUC] 0.81; 95% CI 0.78, 0.85). Its discriminative ability was higher than the EQ-5D-5L (AUC 0.68; 95% CI 0.62, 0.73) and similar to site-specific PROMs. The MCID for the 6-month change in MSK-HQ was 5.5. The MSK-HQ had strong correlations with all PROMs, except SF-12 scores. ConclusionIn primary care patients with common MSK pain presentations, the MSK-HQ was as good as existing pain-site specific PROMs at identifying people reporting global improvements in their MSK condition, and was better than the EQ-5D-5L.

Cross-Cultural Adaptation and Validation of the Arabic Version of Musculoskeletal Health Questionnaire (MSK-HQ-Ar).

Background: Musculoskeletal disorders (MSD) affect millions of people worldwide. Musculoskeletal Health Questionnaire (MSK-HQ) is a valid and reliable tool to assess the health of patients with MSD. However, this scale is not available in the Arabic language. The purpose of this study was to translate and cross-culturally adapt the Musculoskeletal Health Questionnaire (MSK-HQ) into Arabic (MSK-HQ-Ar) and evaluate its validity and reliability among participants with MSD. Methods: This cross-sectional study used guidelines from the International Society for Pharmacoeconomics and Outcomes Research (ISPOR) to translate as well as validate the psychometric properties of MSK-HQ-Ar. Patients with MSD (n = 149) living in Taif participated in the study. Cronbach’s alpha and the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) were used to assess internal consistency and test-retest reliability of MSK-HQ-Ar respectively. Spearman’s correlation was used to assess the correlation between MSK-HQ-Ar and the European quality of life five-dimension, five-level scale (EQ-5D-5L). Results: Out of 149 participants, 119 completed the MSK-HQ-Ar twice. The scale showed good internal consistency, Cronbach’s alpha (0.88), and reliability (ICC 0.92–0.95). A strong association was found with the EQ-5D-5L scores. Conclusion: The adapted MSK-HQ-Arabic version revealed acceptable psychometric properties and is a valid and reliable outcome measure to assess MSK health among Arabic speaking patients with MSD.

Measurement properties of the musculoskeletal health questionnaire (MSK-HQ): a between country comparison

BackgroundThe Musculoskeletal Health Questionnaire (MSK-HQ) has been developed to measure musculoskeletal health status across musculoskeletal conditions and settings. However, the MSK-HQ needs to be further evaluated across settings and different languages.ObjectiveThe objective of the study was to evaluate and compare measurement properties of the MSK-HQ across Danish (DK) and English (UK) cohorts of patients from primary care physiotherapy services with musculoskeletal pain.MethodsMSK-HQ was translated into Danish according to international guidelines. Measurement invariance was assessed by differential item functioning (DIF) analyses. Test-retest reliability, measurement error, responsiveness and minimal clinically important change (MCIC) were evaluated and compared between DK (n = 153) and UK (n = 166) cohorts.ResultsThe Danish version demonstrated acceptable face and construct validity. Out of the 14 MSK-HQ items, three items showed DIF for language (pain/stiffness at night, understanding condition and confidence in managing symptoms) and three items showed DIF for pain location (walking, washing/dressing and physical activity levels). Intraclass Correlation Coefficients for test-retest were 0.86 (95% CI 0.81 to 0.91) for DK cohort and 0.77 (95% CI 0.49 to 0.90) for the UK cohort. The systematic measurement error was 1.6 and 3.9 points for the DK and UK cohorts respectively, with random measurement error being 8.6 and 9.9 points. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves of the change scores against patients’ own judgment at 12 weeks exceeded 0.70 in both cohorts. Absolute and relative MCIC estimates were 8–10 points and 26% for the DK cohort and 6–8 points and 29% for the UK cohort.ConclusionsThe measurement properties of MSK-HQ were acceptable across countries, but seem more suited for group than individual level evaluation. Researchers and clinicians should be aware that some discrepancy exits and should take the observed measurement error into account when evaluating change in scores over time.

The use of a standardised outcome measure (musculoskeletal health questionnaire) within the musculoskeletal physiotherapy services across a trust in Staffordshire

The use of a standardised outcome measure (musculoskeletal health questionnaire) within the musculoskeletal physiotherapy services across a trust in Staffordshire

P144 Validation of the Musculoskeletal Health Questionnaire (MSK-HQ) in patients with musculoskeletal pain in primary care

Abstract Background The Musculoskeletal Health Questionnaire (MSK-HQ) is a recently developed generic patient-reported outcome measure (PROM), evaluating impacts of musculoskeletal (MSK) conditions on patients’ health. Its scores range 0-56; higher scores indicate better health. Its performance (a) in patients with MSK-pain in primary care, and (b) compared to MSK pain-site reference PROMs, is uncertain. We addressed these uncertainties through secondary analysis of a previous primary-care based study, enrolling 524 patients with shoulder, neck, lower back, knee, or multi-site MSK pain managed by GPs, from 8 West Midlands practices. Methods The study captured the following self-report questionnaire data at 0 and 6 months: MSK-HQ, EQ-5D-5L, Roland-Morris Disability Questionnaire (back pain), Neck Disability Index (neck pain), Shoulder Pain and Disability Index (shoulder pain), Knee Injury and Outcome Score (knee pain), Short-Form-12 (multisite pain). At 6 months, patients self-rated their global change in MSK pain, from -5 (“very much worse”) to + 5 (“completely recovered”). Receiver operating characteristic curves evaluated the ability of 6-month changes in each PROM to discriminate between patients improving/not improving on global change scores. Minimal Clinically Important Differences (MCID) were calculated (cut-off optimising discriminatory sensitivity/specificity). Results Most (60%) reported pain improvements, with mean baseline MSK-HQ scores rising from 29.4 to 37.4 over 6-months. The MSK-HQ had a moderate ability to discriminate between patients improving vs. no change/worsening in MSK pain (area under the curve [AUC] 0.81; 95% CI 0.78-0.85). Its discriminative ability was better than the EQ-5D-3L (AUC 0.68; 95% CI 0.62-0.73) and at least as good as site-specific PROMs (Table). MCID for the 6-month change in MSK-HQ was 5.5 across all patients. Minor variation (&amp;lt;2.0 units) was observed in MSK-HQ MCID across 4/5 pain sites. The MSK-HQ had strong correlations with all PROMs except SF-12 physical/mental component summary scores. Conclusion In patients consulting in primary care with MSK pain, the MSK-HQ appears at least as good as existing pain-site specific PROMs at identifying patients self-reporting pain improvements, and superior to the EQ-5D-5L. Our results support the use of the MSK-HQ in this setting. Disclosures I.C. Scott None. G. McCray None. G. Lancaster None. N.E. Foster None. J.C. Hill None.

The development and evaluation of a data calculator to facilitate the introduction and use of a standardized outcome measure (Musculoskeletal Health Questionnaire).

The development and evaluation of a data calculator to facilitate the introduction and use of a standardized outcome measure (Musculoskeletal Health Questionnaire).

Reliability and validity of the Turkish Version of Arthritis Research UK Musculoskeletal Health Questionnaire.

This study aims to investigate the validity and reliability of the Turkish version of the Musculoskeletal Health Questionnaire (MSK-HQ-T) for assessing the general health status in patients with axial spondyloarthritis (ax-SpA). One hundred ax-SpA patients (42 males, 58 females; mean age 40.3±9.1 years; range, 18 to 65 years) who were able to speak and understand Turkish language were included in this study. All participants answered MSK-HQ-T, Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Index (BASDAI), Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Functional Index (BASFI) and Short-Form 36 (SF-36). MSK-HQ-T was repeated five-seven days later for test-retest and internal consistency reliability. The Cronbach's alpha value was 0.912, demonstrating high internal consistency. The test-retest score of MSK-HQ-T was 0.968, which was significant. The correlation of MSK-HQ-T with the subgroup scores of SF-36 was statistically significant (p<0.001). The correlation between MSK-HQ-T and the total scores of BASDAI and BASFI was statistically significant (r=-0.788, p<0.001; r=-0.743, p<0.001). The MSK-HQ-T is a reliable and valid questionnaire to assess general health status in Turkish patients with ax-SpA.

Determining responsiveness and meaningful changes for the Musculoskeletal Health Questionnaire (MSK-HQ) for use across musculoskeletal care pathways

ObjectivesWe have previously developed and validated the Arthritis Research UK Musculoskeletal Health Questionnaire (MSK-HQ) for use across musculoskeletal care pathways, showing encouraging psychometric test results. The objective of this study...

Evaluating the efficacy of Internet-Based Exercise programme Aimed at Treating knee Osteoarthritis (iBEAT-OA) in the community: a study protocol for a randomised controlled trial

IntroductionKnee osteoarthritis (OA) is the most common joint disease worldwide. As of today, there are no disease-modifying drugs, but there is evidence that muscle strengthening exercises can substantially reduce pain...