Muscular Stress Research Articles

Reduction in systemic muscle stress markers after exercise-induced muscle damage following concurrent training and supplementation with specific collagen peptides - a randomized controlled trial.

Collagen peptide supplementation in conjunction with exercise has been shown to improve structural and functional adaptations of both muscles and the extracellular matrix. This study aimed to explore whether specific collagen peptide (SCP) supplementation combined with a concurrent training intervention can improve muscular stress after exercise-induced muscle damage, verified by reliable blood markers. 55 sedentary to moderately active males participating in a concurrent training (CT) intervention (3x/week) for 12 weeks were administered either 15 g of SCP or placebo (PLA) daily. Before (T1) and after the intervention (T2), 150 muscle-damaging drop jumps were performed. Blood samples were collected to measure creatine kinase (CK), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), myoglobin (MYO) and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) before, after, and at 2 h, 24 h and 48 h post exercise. A combination of concurrent training and SCP administration showed statistically significant interaction effects, implying a lower increase in the area under the curve (AUC) of MYO (p = 0.004, ηp2 = 0.184), CK (p = 0.01, ηp2 = 0.145) and LDH (p = 0.016, ηp2 = 0.133) in the SCP group. On closer examination, the absolute mean differences (ΔAUCs) showed statistical significance in MYO (p = 0.017, d = 0.771), CK (p = 0.039, d = 0.633) and LDH (p = 0.016, d = 0.764) by SCP supplementation. In conclusion, 12 weeks of 15 g SCP supplementation combined with CT intervention reduced acute markers of exercise-induced muscle damage and improved post-exercise regenerative capacity, as evidenced by the altered post-exercise time course. The current findings indicate that SCP supplementation had a positive effect on the early phase of muscular recovery by either improving the structural integrity of the muscle and extracellular matrix during the training period or by accelerating membrane and cytoskeletal protein repair. https://www.clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT05220371?cond=NCT05220371&rank=1, NCT05220371.

SELF-MANAGEMENT IN PHYSICAL ACTIVITY AND SPORT

The authors reveal the importance of self-control in physical education and sports. If you exercise incorrectly, you can get severe chronic health consequences. Self-control is diff erent for each person or a particular sport. In order for self-control to be eff ective, the student needs to have an idea of the energy expenditure of his body during neuropsychiatric and muscular stresses that arise when performing educational activities in combination with systematic stress. It is important to know the time intervals of rest and recovery of mental and physical performance, as well as techniques, means and methods by which you can more eff ectively restore the functional capabilities of the body

Load and recovery monitoring in Swiss top-level youth soccer players: Exploring the associations of a new web application-based score with recognised load measures

Load and recovery monitoring in Swiss top-level youth soccer players: Exploring the associations of a new web application-based score with recognised load measures

Muscular stress is equal when resistance exercise with blood flow restriction is matched in total work volume: A cross-sectional, cross-over study.

We compared muscular metabolic stress during exercise performed at multiple intensities, from very low to moderate, with blood flow restriction (BFR) adjusted by the same work volume. Twenty-five healthy young adults performed unilateral plantar flexion at 1 repetition/2 s in a magnetic resonance system. The BFR exercise protocols were as follows: (A) exercise with 10% of one repetition maximum (1-RM) for 360 s, (B) 15% 1-RM for 240 s, (C) 20% 1-RM for 180 s, (D) 30% 1-RM for 120 s, and (E) 40% 1-RM for 90 s. All protocols had the same total work volume (load × repetitions = 1800). A high-intensity protocol at 65% 1-RM without BFR (60 s) was also performed for comparison. We used 31 P-magnetic resonance spectroscopy to evaluate the muscular metabolic stress in the subjects' calf muscle, defined as decreases in phosphocreatine and intramuscular pH. The phosphocreatine depletion (A: 15.6 ± 0.7, B: 14.8 ± 0.8, C: 15.2 ± 0.6, D: 14.3 ± 0.6, E: 10.9 ± 0.5 mM; no significant difference [ns]) and the intramuscular pH decrease (A: 6.82 ± 0.02, B: 6.84 ± 0.01, C: 6.83 ± 0.02, D: 6.83 ± 0.02, E: 6.77 ± 0.02; ns) at the end of each exercise were similar and greater than those produced by the 65% 1-RM without BFR. If the total work volumes are equal, the metabolic stress in exercising muscle may reach similar levels at the end of exercise with BFR and could provide similar successful training effects.

Empowering pelvic floor rehabilitation: Unveiling technological innovations in the pelvic floor muscle chair; insights and hurdles in the pakistani context

Owing to the expeditious advancement of research and technology, the Physical therapy and rehabilitation sciences have made a remarkable pace in recent years. This blooming enhancement has metamorphosed pelvic floor dysfunction treatment and has a great impression on the medical and allied health sciences field. In this article, technological advancements in pelvic floor muscles are explored. It also overviews Pakistan- specific challenges and considerations[1]. Intending to help and manage patients with pelvic floor dysfunction, biofeedback training uses sensors to put forward real-time feedback on pelvic floor muscle activity. It has illustrated Potential enhancement in pelvic floor muscle functioning and curtailing symptoms of pelvic floor muscle dysfunction[2]. The pelvic floor muscles are stimulated using low-intensity electrical currents, resulting in solid muscle contraction, and strengthening. It is promising in improving pelvic floor muscle dysfunction and urine incontinence[3]. Behavioral therapy aims to modify the routines and behavior open to pelvic floor dysfunction. It necessitates lifestyle modifications, bladder retraining, and pelvic floor muscle exercises. It has victoriously improved pelvic floor muscle weakness and urinary incontinence as well[4]. Manual treatment methods that include physical manipulation of the pelvic floor muscles and associated tissues include trigger point release and myofascial release. These methods reduce muscular stress, enhance blood flow, and increase muscle function[5]. While developed nations have successfully incorporated modern technology into rehabilitation practices, the Pakistani context presents unique insights and challenges. The lack of updated curriculum, limited training opportunities, and budgetary constraints hinder the adoption of the latest technological advancements in pelvic floor rehabilitation in Pakistan. To overcome these hurdles, the following steps are recommended; Curriculum Update: Rehabilitation degree programs should revise their curricula to align with global advancements in technology. The inclusion of courses focusing on pelvic floor rehabilitation and modern technological interventions would better equip future professionals. Continuous Professional Development: Continuous professional development programs should be designed to upskill already graduated professionals in the field of pelvic floor rehabilitation technology. These programs will ensure that healthcare practitioners stay updated with the latest innovations and can effectively incorporate them into their practice. Increased Budget Allocation: Allocating a higher budget to the rehabilitation sector, specifically for technological advancements, is crucial. Adequate financial resources would enable the acquisition of state-of-the-art equipment, infrastructure development, and research initiatives, thereby facilitating the integration of technological innovations in pelvic floor rehabilitation. Finally, technological innovations have transformed the landscape of pelvic floor rehabilitation, offering new possibilities for improved outcomes. In the Pakistani context, addressing the insights and hurdles specific to the country is vital for empowering pelvic floor rehabilitation and ensuring that individuals with pelvic floor disorders receive the benefits of modern technology.

A machine learning approach for detecting fatigue during repetitive physical tasks

Prolonged and repetitive stress on muscles, tendons, ligaments, and nerves can have long-term adverse effects on the human body. This can be exasperated while working if the environment and nature of the tasks puts significant strain on the body, which may lead to work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WMSDs). Workers with WMSDs can experience generalized pain, loss of muscle strength, and loss of ability to continue working. Most WMSDs injuries are caused by ergonomic risks, such as repetitive physical movements, awkward postures, inadequate recovery time, and muscular stress. Fatigue can be seen as a detector of ergonomic risk, as the accumulation of fatigue can significantly increase the possibility of injury. Thirty participants completed a series of repetitive physical tasks over a six-hour period while wearing sensors to capture data related to heart rate and movement, while external embedded sensors captured ground reaction and hand exertion force. They also provided subjective ratings of fatigue at the start and end of the experiment. Classifiers for fatigue (high vs low) were constructed using three methods: linear discriminant analysis (LDA), k-nearest neighbor (kNN), and polynomial kernel-based SVM (P-SVM) and were validated using a tenfold cross-validation technique that was repeated a hundred times. Results of our supervised machine learning approach demonstrated a maximum accuracy of 94.15% using P-SVM for the binary classification of fatigue.

Management of autoimmune factor XIII deficiency in a frail, elderly patient.

Autoimmune factor XIII/13 deficiency (aFXIII deficiency) is a rare hemorrhagic disorder, for which typical guideline-directed treatment is aggressive immunosuppressive therapy. Approximately 20% of patients are over 80 years old; however, and optimum management of such patients has not reached consensus. Our elderly patient had massive intramuscular hematoma, and aFXIII deficiency was diagnosed. The patient opted against aggressive immunosuppressive therapy, so he was managed with conservative treatment only. Thorough survey of other correctable causes of bleeding and anemia is also required in similar cases. Our patient's serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor use and multivitamin deficiency (vitamin C, B12 and folic acid) were revealed to be aggravating factors. Fall prevention and muscular stress prevention are also important in elderly patients. Our patient had two relapses of bleeding within 6 months, which were improved spontaneously by bed rest without factor XIII replacement therapy or blood transfusion. Conservative management may be preferred for frail and elderly patients with aFXIII deficiency when they opt against standard therapy.

Impact of the muscular Training on the levels of Sodium and Potassium and on the activity of lactate dehydrogenase in blood serum

The recent study aimed at evaluating the impact of the training intensity and the muscular stress the activity of (Na+ - K – ATP ase). The levels of the extra cellular (Sodium and Potassium) (blood serum) and the activity of the lactate dehydrogenase were evaluated for the handball players before and after exercising the sport training as well as evaluated the same data for the basketball players (The most stressed in training) before and after exercising these special game trainings. The research samples were gathered from (30) players of handball and basketball.
 The blood serum isolated to perform the required tests by using the special kits of each test.
 The results of measuring the extra cellular sodium showed a significant decrease (P≤ 0.05) for the handball players after exercising the sport training compared with the concentration before exercising the training. As well as the case of basketball players , the study results indicated that the sodium concentrations (P≤ 0.05) decreased significantly after exercising the sport training compared with the concentration before exercising the training. These results also showed the significant differences (P≤ 0.05) in comparison with the two player groups of handball and basketball before and after exercising the training.
 As to the concentration of extra cellular potassium the results appeared a significant increase (P≤ 0.05) for the handball players after exercising the sport training compared with the concentration before exercising the training. As well as the case of basketball players , the results of study showed a significant increase at potassium concentration (P≤ 0.05) after exercising the sport training compared with the concentration before training. The results also appeared the absence of significant differences in comparison with the two – player groups before trainings. In comparison with potassium concentration after training between the two groups , the results gave significant different (P≤ 0.05) in which potassium was more concentrated in basketball group.
 As to the lactate dehydrogenase activity , the results showed a significant increase in enzyme activity (P≤ 0.05) in the two – players groups after the training , but there were no significant differences in comparison with the both player groups of handball and basketball after performing the trainings.
 This indicated to occurring changes in activity of (Na+ - K ATP ase) in case of happening the body stress , leading to decrease in concentration of extra cellular sodium and increase in concentration of extra cellular potassium and then followed some changes at level of these elements intra cellular. So this change increased with increasing the stress intensity.

POSTURAL STRESS AND MUSCULOSKELETAL DISORDERS OF FARM WOMEN IN UPROOTING OF PADDY SEEDLINGS FROM MAT NURSERY

– Uprooting of paddy seedlings from wet bed is one of the most drudgery prone farm activities of Assam. Raising paddy seedlings in mat nursery is a solution for reduction of drudgery of farm women. A study was carried out to assess postural stress and incidence of musculoskeletal problems of farm women while uprooting in mat nursery. Angle of deviation in lower lumber region was measured with Flexi curve. Body Map was used to identify pains in different parts of the body. Angle of deviation at lumbar region was higher in wet bed and reported more ‘severe’ pain in shoulder joints, back, legs due to prolonged bending posture adopted in uprooting deep rooted seedlings. Mat nursery is a suitable alternative to wet bed for reducing drudgery, muscular stress, and labor cost. It is important to bring resilience in Indian agriculture to climate change

Psychophysiological Responses to a Preseason Training Camp in High-Level Youth Soccer Players.

This study aimed to examine the responsiveness of commonly used measurement instruments to a short training camp by examining the time course of psychophysiological responses in high-level youth soccer players. Monitoring was carried out in 14 U15 male soccer players of 1 professional youth academy. Players provided data 3days prior to (D - 3), during (D2-D4), and 1 (D + 1) and 4days (D + 4) after the camp: 4 items for the Short Recovery and Stress Scale(SRSS), a countermovement jump (CMJ), and a submaximal run to assess exercise heart rate and heart-rate recovery. Training load during the camp followed an alternating low-high pattern, with lower training loads on D1 and D3 and higher training loads on D2 and D4. Changes in SRSS physical performance capability, emotional balance, overall recovery, muscular stress, and overall stress were small to moderate on D3 and moderate to large on D + 1, while changes were trivial on D + 4. Some CMJ parameters related to the eccentric phase were slightly improved on D3, and these parameters were slightly impaired on D4. Changes in CMJ parameters were trivial on D + 1 and D + 4. After a moderate decrease in exercise heart rate on D3, there was a small decrease on D + 4 and a moderate increase in heart-rate recovery. Measurement instruments such as the SRSS and submaximal runs can be used to monitor acute psychophysiological responses to load, while the CMJ may provide little insight during periods of intensified training load.

Effects of Resistance Training in Hypobaric vs. Normobaric Hypoxia on Circulating Ions and Hormones.

Hypobaric hypoxia (HH) seems to lead to different responses compared to normobaric hypoxia (NH) during physical conditioning. The aim of the study was to analyze the hormonal and circulating ion responses after performing high-intensity resistance training with different inter-set rest under HH and NH condition. Sixteen male volunteers were randomly divided into two training groups. Each group completed two counterbalanced resistance training sessions (three sets × ten repetitions, remaining two repetitions in reserve), with both one- and two-minute inter-set rest, under HH and NH. Blood samples were obtained to determine hormones and circulating ions (Ca2+, Pi, and HCO3−) at baseline and after training sessions (5, 10, and 30 min). Resistance training with one-minute rest caused greater hormonal stress than with two-minute rest in cortisol and growth hormone, although the hypoxic environmental condition did not cause any significant alterations in these hormones. The short inter-set rest also caused greater alterations in HCO3− and Pi than the longer rest. Additionally, higher levels of Ca2+ and Pi, and lower levels of HCO3−, were observed after training in HH compared to NH. Metabolic and physiological responses after resistance training are mediated by inter-set rest intervals and hypoxic environmental condition. According to the alterations observed in the circulating ions, HH could cause greater muscular fatigue and metabolic stress than NH.

RIP1 Regulates Mitochondrial Fission during Skeletal Muscle Ischemia Reperfusion Injury

Background Dynamin related protein-1 (Drp1)-mediated mitochondrial fission relates to ischemia reperfusion (IR) injury, and its association with necroptosis is implied. We hypothesized that receptor-interacting protein 1 (RIP1), a key kinase in necroptosis, acted as an upstream of Drp1-mediated mitochondrial fission during skeletal muscle IR. Methods Thirty rats were randomized into the SM, IR, NI, MI, and DI group (n = 6). The rats in the SM group were shamly operated, and those in the IR group were subjected to 4-hour ischemia of the right hindlimb that was followed by 4-hour reperfusion. Intraperitoneal administration of Nec-1 1 mg/kg, Mdivi-1 1.2 mg/kg and same volume of DMSO were given before ischemia in the NI, MI and DI groups, respectively. Upon reperfusion, the soleus muscles were harvested to determine morphological changes and the expression of RIP1, total Drp1 and p-Drp1 (Ser616). Moreover, the muscular oxidative stress indicators and plasma muscle damage biomarkers were detected. Results IR led to impaired histopathological structures and mitochondrial fragmentation in the soleus muscle tissue, accompanied with increased muscular oxidative stress and muscle injury biomarkers, which could be similarly alleviated by Mdivi-1 and Nec-1 (p < 0.05). RIP1 and p-Drp1 (Ser616) protein levels were significantly upregulated in the soleus muscle subjected to IR injury, this upregulation was attenuated in the NI group, and Mdivi-1 downregulated the protein expression of p-Drp1 (Ser616) but not of RIP1 (p < 0.05). Conclusion RIP1 functions as an upstream of Drp1-mediated mitochondrial fission in the execution of necroptosis during skeletal muscle IR.

Supplementing the Diet of Dairy Goats with Dried Orange Pulp throughout Lactation: I. Effect on Milk Performance, Nutrient Utilisation, Blood Parameters and Production Economics.

Simple SummaryDried orange pulp can conveniently replace cereals in ruminant diets; however, no published reports have considered a similar substitution for the goat diet throughout lactation. Therefore, in this study, we evaluated the effects of cereal replacement (40% and 80%) by dried orange pulp in the diet of Payoya breed goats during the entire lactation period (180 days) on milk yield and composition, blood metabolites and production economics. Also evaluated, in mid-lactation, were the nutrient utilisation and ruminal fermentation of the dried orange pulp diets. Milk production and gross composition did not change in goats fed diets that included dried orange pulp. A decrease in nitrogen availability and retention was observed, while an increase detected in the digestibility of cellulose likely boosted rumen microbial protein synthesis. No pathological effects of dried orange pulp supplementation were detected in blood metabolites. The partial substitution of cereals for dried orange pulp reduced costs and raised economic profits. In conclusion, the partial replacement of cereals by dried orange pulp is a profitable and healthy nutritional strategy in dairy goats that does not compromise their productivity and is suitable for the entire lactation period.Dried orange pulp (DOP) can be incorporated into ruminant diets, but no reports have considered this strategy during the entire lactation period in goats. Two experiments were performed using lactating Payoya goats. In experiment 1, to study the effect, over 180 days, of DOP on milk yield and composition, blood metabolites and economic values, 44 primiparous goats were allocated into three groups: control diet (concentrate plus lucerne) and DOP40 and DOP80 diets, in which DOP replaced 40% and 80%, respectively, of the cereals. Nutrient digestibility and rumen fermentation were also studied (experiment 2). The DOP diets did not affect milk yield and composition. DOP triggered lower intake and digestibility of ether extract and crude protein. Ruminal fermentation was unaffected by DOP, except for a decrease in butyrate for DOP80. The energy balance was unaltered by diet while the balance and retention of nitrogen decreased. Regarding plasma biochemistry, DOP supplementation caused changes that could indicate an improvement in hepatic function and reduced muscular damage and oxidative muscular stress. Moreover, DOP80 provided a profit increase of EUR 3.27/goat. In conclusion, the partial replacement of cereals by DOP is a profitable and healthy nutritional strategy in dairy goats and is suitable for the entire lactation period without compromising productivity.

Profiling the Injuries Sustained by Police Trainees Undergoing Initial Training: A Retrospective Cohort Study

The tasks performed by police officers are unique, varied and can be performed in unexpected situations. Initial police college training is used to prepare new police officers to conduct these tasks and is known to be a time when police trainees are at an elevated risk of injury. The aim of this study was to profile injuries occurring within a national Police Force during initial training to inform injury prevention strategies. Using a retrospective cohort design, point-of-care injury data including injury body site, nature, mechanism, and the activity being performed at the time of injury were provided. A total of 564 injuries were recorded over the 22-month period, with the mean age of recruits reporting an injury being 28.83 years ± 6.9 years. The incidence of injuries ranged across training periods, from 456.25 to 3079 injuries per 1000 person-years with an overall incidence rate of 1550.15 injuries per 1000 person-years. The shoulder was the most injured site (n = 113, 20% of injuries), with sprains and strains being the most common nature of injury (n = 287, 50.9% of injuries). Muscular stress with physical exercise was the most common mechanism of injury (n = 175, 31.0% of injuries) with the activity responsible for the largest proportion of injuries being “unknown” (n = 256, 45.4% of injuries), followed by police training (n = 215, 38.1%). Injuries appear to be typically joint related—commonly the shoulder—with police training being a primary known activity at the time of injury. Prescreening protocols may be of benefit, and efforts should be made to recruit and train physically resilient trainees. Injuries, whether they occurred pre-enlistment or during training, should be fully rehabilitated prior to the individual’s commencement as a qualified officer.

Effects of Acute Microcurrent Electrical Stimulation on Muscle Function and Subsequent Recovery Strategy.

Microcurrent electrical neuromuscular stimulation (MENS) is believed to alter blood flow, increasing cutaneous blood perfusion, with vasodilation and hyperemia. According to these physiological mechanisms, we investigated the short-term effects of MENS on constant-load exercise and the subsequent recovery process. Ten healthy subjects performed, on separate days, constant-load cycling, which was preceded and followed by active or inactive stimulation to the right quadricep. Blood lactate, pulmonary oxygen, and muscle deoxyhemoglobin on-transition kinetics were recorded. Hemodynamic parameters, heart rate variability, and baroreflex sensitivity were collected and used as a tool to investigate the recovery process. Microcurrent stimulation caused a faster deoxyhemoglobin (4.43 ± 0.5 vs. 5.80 ± 0.5 s) and a slower VO2 (25.19 ± 2.1 vs. 21.94 ± 1.3 s) on-kinetics during cycling, with higher lactate levels immediately after treatments executed before exercise (1.55 ± 0.1 vs. 1.40 ± 0.1 mmol/L) and after exercise (2.15 ± 0.1 vs. 1.79 ± 0.1 mmol/L). In conclusion, MENS applied before exercise produced an increase in oxygen extraction at muscle microvasculature. In contrast, MENS applied after exercise improved recovery, with the sympathovagal balance shifted toward a state of parasympathetic predominance. MENS also caused higher lactate values, which may be due to the magnitude of the muscular stress by both manual treatment and electrical stimulation than control condition in which the muscle received only a manual treatment.

Physiological and Perceptual Recovery-Stress Responses to an Elite Netball Tournament.

To investigate and explore the relationships between physiological and perceptual recovery and stress responses to elite netball tournament workloads. Nine elite female netballers were observed across a 3-day (T1-3), 4-match tournament. Participants provided salivary samples for cortisol and alpha-amylase analysis, completed the Short Recovery Stress Scale (SRSS), and reported session ratings of perceived exertion. Inertial measurement units and heart-rate monitors determined player load, changes of direction (COD), summated heart-rate zones, and jumps. Analysis revealed 6 significant SRSS time effects: (1)decreased recovery markers of physical performance (P = .042), emotional balance (P = .034), and overall recovery (P = .001) and (2)increased perceptual stress markers of muscular stress (P = .001), negative emotional state (P = .026), and overall stress (P = .010). Salivary cortisol decreased over the tournament (T1-3) before progressively increasing posttournament with greater salivary samples for cortisol on T+2 compared with T3 (P = .014, ES = -1.29; -2.24 to -0.22]) and T+1 (P = .031, ES = -1.54; -2.51 to -0.42). SRSS overall recovery moderately negatively correlated with COD (r = -.41, P = .028) and session ratings of perceived exertion (r = -.40, P = .034). Cumulative workload did not relate to posttournament perceptual or salivary responses. Percentage change in salivary variables related (P < .05) to total player load, total COD, and overall recovery across specific cumulative time periods. During and after an elite netball tournament, athletes indicated increased perceptual stress and lack of recovery. The SRSS is a valuable tool for recovery-stress monitoring in elite tournament netball. It is recommended that practitioners monitor COD due to its negative influence on perceived overall recovery.

The Efficiency of Dynamic vs General Exercise for Posture Control Dealing with Low Back Pain

Mechanical low back pain is brought on by associated factors, such as muscular imbalances, excess muscular stress, and improper posture. Proper posture is vital for treating low back pain because of its unloading effects on the spine. Thus, the purpose of this critiqued article is to explore which is an effective and functional exercise that can be done at any time for posture. Thirty adults (20-30 years old, 14 males and 16 females) with chronic as opposed to acute or surgery, mechanical low back pain were splitted into Dynamic Sitting Exercise (DSE) and Spinal Extension Exercise (SEE). DSE subject is unloading the spine using the arms while sitting in an upright position. SEE subject is laying prone in elbow position doing a press up with straight arms. Testing was conducted 3 days per week for 6 weeks. Back pain was measured by Visual Analogue Scale (VAS), lumbar mobility by Modified-Modified Schober Test (MMST), and quality of life through subject self-reporting using the (SF-36) health survey before and after the examination. Data were analyzed using paired t-test and Mann-Whitney U-test. A greater improvement has been shown in pain (VAS; z = 3.81, p &lt; .05) with DSE in comparison to SEE. Greater lumbar mobility (MMST; z = 1.99, p &lt; 0.05) increase with DSE in comparison to SEE. A higher quality of life (SF-36; z = 4.16, p &lt; 0.05) with DSE in comparison to SEE was reported. Overall, the DSE proved more effective (see Table 1). DSE works better because of its decompressing action unloading the disc in the spine without straining the lumbar muscles through excess abdominal activation compared to SEE. 6 weeks of DSE training is more efficient for adults with mechanical low back pain compared to SEE. DSE relieves more pressure off the mechanoreceptors leading to greater reduction in pain while also increasing blood flow to the lumbar muscles. The study demonstrates the efficiency advantage of DSE in comparison to SEE with their improvements in pain, lumbar mobility, and quality of life. Defining comparisons were made between the two methods allowing us to understand DSE’s decompression effect on intervertebral disc as opposed to SEE’s strain on lumbar muscles. The results can be interpreted and used by anyone with mechanical low back pain so they may implement the DSE routine into their daily life. The only limitations include self-reporting quality of life with SF-36 survey and sample size. Adding a different means of measuring quality of life and larger sample size (100+) would improve experiment for a follow up study.

The Efficiency of Dynamic vs. General Exercise for Posture Control Dealing with Low Back Pain

Mechanical low back pain is brought on by associated factors, such as muscular imbalances, excess muscular stress, and improper posture. Proper posture is vital for treating low back pain because of its unloading effects on the spine. Thus, the purpose of this critiqued article is to explore which is an effective and functional exercise that can be done at any time for posture. Thirty adults (20-30 years old, 14 males and 16 females) with chronic as opposed to acute or surgery, mechanical low back pain were splitted into Dynamic Sitting Exercise (DSE) and Spinal Extension Exercise (SEE). DSE subject is unloading the spine using the arms while sitting in an upright position. SEE subject is laying prone in elbow position doing a press up with straight arms. Testing was conducted 3 days per week for 6 weeks. Back pain was measured by Visual Analogue Scale (VAS), lumbar mobility by Modified-Modified Schober Test (MMST), and quality of life through subject self-reporting using the (SF-36) health survey before and after the examination. Data were analyzed using paired t-test and Mann-Whitney U-test. A greater improvement has been shown in pain (VAS; z = 3.81, p &lt; .05) with DSE in comparison to SEE. Greater lumbar mobility (MMST; z = 1.99, p &lt; 0.05) increase with DSE in comparison to SEE. A higher quality of life (SF-36; z = 4.16, p &lt; 0.05) with DSE in comparison to SEE was reported. Overall, the DSE proved more effective (see Table 1). DSE works better because of its decompressing action unloading the disc in the spine without straining the lumbar muscles through excess abdominal activation compared to SEE. 6 weeks of DSE training is more efficient for adults with mechanical low back pain compared to SEE. DSE relieves more pressure off the mechanoreceptors leading to greater reduction in pain while also increasing blood flow to the lumbar muscles. The study demonstrates the efficiency advantage of DSE in comparison to SEE with their improvements in pain, lumbar mobility, and quality of life. Defining comparisons were made between the two methods allowing us to understand DSE’s decompression effect on intervertebral disc as opposed to SEE’s strain on lumbar muscles. The results can be interpreted and used by anyone with mechanical low back pain so they may implement the DSE routine into their daily life. The only limitations include self-reporting quality of life with SF-36 survey and sample size. Adding a different means of measuring quality of life and larger sample size (100+) would improve experiment for a follow up study.

Analysing the predictive capacity and dose-response of wellness in load monitoring

ABSTRACT This study aimed to identify the predictive capacity of wellness questionnaires on measures of training load using machine learning methods. The distributions of, and dose–response between, wellness and other load measures were also examined, offering insights into response patterns. Data (n= 14,109) were collated from an athlete management systems platform (Catapult Sports, Melbourne, Australia) and were split across three sports (cricket, rugby league and football) with data analysis conducted in R (Version 3.4.3). Wellness (sleep quality, readiness to train, general muscular soreness, fatigue, stress, mood, recovery rating and motivation) as the dependent variable, and sRPE, sRPE-TL and markers of external load (total distance and m.min−1) as independent variables were included for analysis. Classification and regression tree models showed high cross-validated error rates across all sports (i.e., > 0.89) and low model accuracy (i.e., < 5% of variance explained by each model) with similar results demonstrated using random forest models. These results suggest wellness items have limited predictive capacity in relation to internal and external load measures. This result was consistent despite varying statistical approaches (regression, classification and random forest models) and transformation of wellness scores. These findings indicate practitioners should exercise caution when interpreting and applying wellness responses.

Effect of Aerobic Exercises in Prevention of Bone Mass Loss Post Bariatric Surgeries

Background: Patients who have been submitted to bariatric surgery are prone to bone mass abnormalities caused by restriction of calcium intake associated with malabsorption of both calcium and vitamin D. Reduced calcium absorption is secondary to the exclusion of duodenum and proximal jejunum where calcium is maximally absorbed. Aerobic weight bearing exercise is more adapted to improve bone mass over whatever viable physical activity, they assume a double part over stressing the bones as they set both gravitational and muscular stress on bones. Objective: To determine the effect of aerobic exercises in prevention of bone mass loss post bariatric surgeries. Patients and Methods: Thirty female patients with post bariatric surgeries participated in this, their ages were between 25 to 45 years selected from Shebin El-Kom Hospital, Menoufia and randomly distributed into two equal groups: Group A (Study group): included 15 patients who received 30 minutes of aerobic exercise through walking on treadmill, in addition to conventional medical care 3 days per week and group B (Control group): included 15 patients who were on their conventional medical care. Results: There was no significant difference in T score of spine (L2-L4), femoral neck and total femur between both groups pre-treatment (p > 0.05). Comparison between both groups post treatment revealed a significant increase in T score of spine (L2-L4), femoral neck and total femur of the study group compared with that of the control group (p > 0.001). Conclusion: It can be concluded that aerobic exercises had fruitful effects in cases of osteoporosis patients after bariatric surgery as evidenced by the significant increase in BMD and T-score mean, so decrease risk of fractures and enhance physical performance.